CN108812064B - Method for cultivating mushroom - Google Patents
Method for cultivating mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812064B CN108812064B CN201810541026.5A CN201810541026A CN108812064B CN 108812064 B CN108812064 B CN 108812064B CN 201810541026 A CN201810541026 A CN 201810541026A CN 108812064 B CN108812064 B CN 108812064B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
- A01G18/22—Apparatus for the preparation of culture media, e.g. bottling devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating mushrooms, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of mushrooms. The culture material formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-20 parts of straws, 40-60 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate; the coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran is waste material from coprinus comatus cultivation by livestock and poultry manure, and the coprinus comatus culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 0.5-1 part of cane sugar, 0.2-0.5 part of gypsum, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate and 2-5 parts of soil. The invention adopts the livestock and poultry manure as an important component of the culture material, the quality and the yield of the obtained mushrooms are higher, and meanwhile, the high-efficiency utilization of the livestock and poultry manure and the improvement of the mushroom cultivation technology are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a mushroom cultivation method.
Background
The mushroom is a famous vegetable at home and abroad, contains rich protein, multiple vitamins and other nutrient components, and has a nutrient value higher than that of vegetables such as cauliflower, spinach, legume and the like. It has good taste, can be eaten fresh or made into dry food, and can be used as food therapy food for the elderly, and patients with diabetes, leukopenia, infectious hepatitis, hyperlipidemia, and vitamin B2 deficiency.
In recent years, due to the rapid increase of the market demand of mushrooms, the rapid expansion of cultivation areas and the urgent need for improving and perfecting high-yield cultivation techniques, the existing cultivation methods have long cultivation period, high cultivation cost and low yield, so that a new high-yield cultivation mode is very necessary to be established.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is directed to a method for cultivating mushrooms using waste of coprinus comatus cultivated with livestock and poultry manure.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(1) the formula of the culture material is as follows: the weight portions are as follows: 20-40 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-20 parts of straws, 40-60 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate;
(2) preparing a culture material: adding water into the culture materials, uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is 50-55%, stacking and fermenting the culture materials, adding 0.5% of ammonium sulfate after 8 hours to perform primary pile turning, adding 0.5% of calcium superphosphate after 8 hours to perform secondary pile turning, adding 1% of calcium carbonate after 8 hours to perform tertiary pile turning, and finishing fermentation after 8-12 hours;
(3) sterilizing culture materials: putting the fermented compost into a sterilizer for steam sterilization, keeping the temperature of 100-110 ℃ at normal pressure for 8-10 h, and taking out the compost after sterilization for natural cooling;
(4) inoculation, fruiting management and harvesting: inoculating the sterilized compost, performing fruiting management, and harvesting in time; the fruiting management method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the culture material bag to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm on the culture material bag, controlling the air humidity to be 85% -95%, and controlling the temperature to be 10-26 ℃.
Further, the soil covering in the step 4 is peat soil with the pH of 7-8 and the water content of 15% -25%.
Further, the preparation method of the coprinus comatus waste mushroom residue comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly stirring coprinus comatus compost, stacking into a pile with the height of 100-120 cm, the width of 130-150 cm and the length of 2-4 m, covering a plastic film on the pile, compacting the periphery, sun-drying, heating, fermenting until the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60 ℃, keeping for 12 hours, turning over the pile, and keeping for 12-24 hours to stop the fermentation; adjusting the water content of the fermented coprinus comatus compost to 65-70%, inoculating coprinus comatus strains after sterilization, then transferring the coprinus comatus strains into a clean and lightproof culture room at 24-26 ℃ for culture, and growing hyphae in a fungus bag after 30-40 days; and (3) moving the fungus bags to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the fungus bags, controlling the temperature to be 16-26 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 80-90%, and harvesting for a plurality of times to obtain the coprinus comatus waste fungus chaff.
Further, the coprinus comatus compost comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 0.5-1 part of cane sugar, 0.2-0.5 part of gypsum, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate and 2-5 parts of soil.
Furthermore, the soil is yellow brown soil collected from periods.
Furthermore, the livestock and poultry manure mixture comprises pig manure, chicken manure and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is (30-40): (15-20): (10-20), the livestock and poultry manure mixture is prepared by the following steps: and airing the mixture of the pig manure and the chicken manure in the open air for 3-5 days, mixing the saw dust, spraying the aqueous dispersion of humic acid, and continuing airing in the open air for 8-10 days, and turning the materials once every 2 days.
Furthermore, the mass concentration of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 10-40%, the addition amount of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 0.01-0.03% of the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure mixture, and the humic acid is fulvic acid.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the livestock and poultry manure as an important component of the culture material, the quality and the yield of the obtained mushrooms are higher, and meanwhile, the high-efficiency utilization of the livestock and poultry manure and the improvement of the mushroom cultivation technology are realized.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A method of cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(1) the formula of the culture material is as follows: the weight portions are as follows: 20 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of straws, 40 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2 parts of calcium superphosphate;
(2) preparing a culture material: adding water into the culture materials, uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is 50-55%, stacking and fermenting the culture materials, adding 0.5% of ammonium sulfate after 8 hours to perform primary pile turning, adding 0.5% of calcium superphosphate after 8 hours to perform secondary pile turning, adding 1% of calcium carbonate after 8 hours to perform tertiary pile turning, and finishing fermentation after 8-12 hours;
(3) sterilizing culture materials: putting the fermented compost into a sterilizer for steam sterilization, keeping the temperature of 100-110 ℃ at normal pressure for 8-10 h, and taking out the compost after sterilization for natural cooling;
(4) inoculation, fruiting management and harvesting: inoculating the sterilized compost, performing fruiting management, and harvesting in time; the fruiting management method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the culture material bag to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm on the culture material bag, and controlling the air humidity to be 95% and the temperature to be 10 ℃.
And the soil covering in the step 4 is peat soil with the pH of 7-8 and the water content of 15-25%.
The preparation method of the coprinus comatus waste mushroom residue comprises the following steps:
(1) fully and uniformly stirring coprinus comatus compost, stacking into a pile with the height of 120cm, the width of 130cm and the length of 4m, covering a plastic film on the pile, compacting the periphery, drying in the sun, heating, fermenting until the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60 ℃, keeping for 12 hours, turning the pile, and keeping for 12-24 hours to stop fermentation;
(2) adjusting the water content of the fermented coprinus comatus compost to 65-70%, inoculating coprinus comatus strains after sterilization, then transferring the coprinus comatus strains into a clean and lightproof culture room at 24-26 ℃ for culture, and growing hyphae in a fungus bag after 30-40 days;
(3) and (3) moving the fungus bags to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the fungus bags, controlling the temperature to be 16-26 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 80-90%, harvesting after 8-10 days when a small amount of scales are formed on the fungus covers and the fungus rings are just loosened, and obtaining the coprinus comatus waste fungus chaff after 4 times of harvesting.
The coprinus comatus culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of straw, 40 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 0.5 part of cane sugar, 0.5 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 5 parts of soil.
Wherein the soil is yellow brown soil collected from periods; the livestock and poultry manure mixture comprises pig manure, chicken manure and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is 30: 20: 10, the livestock and poultry manure mixture is prepared by the following method: and airing the mixture of the pig manure and the chicken manure in the open air for 3-5 days, mixing the saw dust, spraying the aqueous dispersion of humic acid, and continuing airing in the open air for 8-10 days, and turning the materials once every 2 days. The mass concentration of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 40%, the addition amount of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 0.01% of the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure mixture, and the humic acid is fulvic acid.
In the embodiment, the mushroom body of the mushroom is white, has no bacterial spot, is round and full, does not open the mushroom, has uniform size and meets the physicochemical hygienic standard NY5097-2002 'harmless food agaricus bisporus'.
Brown spots.
Example 2
A method of cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(1) the formula of the culture material is as follows: the weight portions are as follows: 40 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of straws, 60 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate and 4 parts of calcium superphosphate;
(2) preparing a culture material: adding water into the culture materials, uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is 50-55%, stacking and fermenting the culture materials, adding 0.5% of ammonium sulfate after 8 hours to perform primary pile turning, adding 0.5% of calcium superphosphate after 8 hours to perform secondary pile turning, adding 1% of calcium carbonate after 8 hours to perform tertiary pile turning, and finishing fermentation after 8-12 hours;
(3) sterilizing culture materials: putting the fermented compost into a sterilizer for steam sterilization, keeping the temperature of 100-110 ℃ at normal pressure for 8-10 h, and taking out the compost after sterilization for natural cooling;
(4) inoculation, fruiting management and harvesting: inoculating the sterilized compost, performing fruiting management, and harvesting in time; the fruiting management method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the culture material bag to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm on the culture material bag, and controlling the air humidity to be 85% and the temperature to be 26 ℃.
And the soil covering in the step 4 is peat soil with the pH of 7-8 and the water content of 15-25%.
The preparation method of the coprinus comatus waste mushroom residue comprises the following steps:
(1) fully and uniformly stirring coprinus comatus compost, stacking into a pile with the height of 100cm, the width of 150cm and the length of 2m, covering a plastic film on the pile, compacting the periphery, drying in the sun, heating, fermenting until the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60 ℃, keeping for 12 hours, turning the pile, and keeping for 12-24 hours to stop fermentation;
(2) adjusting the water content of the fermented coprinus comatus compost to 65-70%, inoculating coprinus comatus strains after sterilization, then transferring the coprinus comatus strains into a clean and lightproof culture room at 24-26 ℃ for culture, and growing hyphae in a fungus bag after 30-40 days;
(3) and (3) moving the fungus bags to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the fungus bags, controlling the temperature to be 16-26 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 80-90%, harvesting after 8-10 days when a small amount of scales are formed on the fungus covers and the fungus rings are just loosened, and harvesting 5 times to obtain the coprinus comatus waste fungus chaff.
The coprinus comatus culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of straw, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 1 part of cane sugar, 0.2 part of gypsum, 2 parts of calcium carbonate and 2 parts of soil.
Wherein the soil is yellow brown soil collected from periods; the livestock and poultry manure mixture comprises pig manure, chicken manure and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is 40: 15: 20, the livestock and poultry manure mixture is prepared by the following method: and airing the mixture of the pig manure and the chicken manure in the open air for 3-5 days, mixing the saw dust, spraying the aqueous dispersion of humic acid, and continuing airing in the open air for 8-10 days, and turning the materials once every 2 days. The mass concentration of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 10%, the addition amount of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 0.03% of the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure mixture, and the humic acid is fulvic acid.
In the embodiment, the mushroom body of the mushroom is white, has no bacteria spots, has round shape, does not open the mushroom, has uniform size, and meets the physicochemical hygienic standard NY5097-2002 'harmless food agaricus bisporus'.
Example 3
A method of cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(1) the formula of the culture material is as follows: the weight portions are as follows: 30 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15 parts of straws, 50 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate and 3 parts of calcium superphosphate;
(2) preparing a culture material: adding water into the culture materials, uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is 50-55%, stacking and fermenting the culture materials, adding 0.5% of ammonium sulfate after 8 hours to perform primary pile turning, adding 0.5% of calcium superphosphate after 8 hours to perform secondary pile turning, adding 1% of calcium carbonate after 8 hours to perform tertiary pile turning, and finishing fermentation after 8-12 hours;
(3) sterilizing culture materials: putting the fermented compost into a sterilizer for steam sterilization, keeping the temperature of 100-110 ℃ at normal pressure for 8-10 h, and taking out the compost after sterilization for natural cooling;
(4) inoculation, fruiting management and harvesting: inoculating the sterilized compost, performing fruiting management, and harvesting in time; the fruiting management method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the culture material bag to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm on the culture material bag, and controlling the air humidity to be 90% and the temperature to be 20 ℃.
And the soil covering in the step 4 is peat soil with the pH of 7-8 and the water content of 15-25%.
The preparation method of the coprinus comatus waste mushroom residue comprises the following steps:
(1) fully and uniformly stirring coprinus comatus compost, stacking into a pile with the height of 110cm, the width of 140cm and the length of 3m, covering a plastic film on the pile, compacting the periphery, drying in the sun, heating, fermenting until the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60 ℃, keeping for 12 hours, turning the pile, and keeping for 12-24 hours to stop fermentation;
(2) adjusting the water content of the fermented coprinus comatus compost to 65-70%, inoculating coprinus comatus strains after sterilization, then transferring the coprinus comatus strains into a clean and lightproof culture room at 24-26 ℃ for culture, and growing hyphae in a fungus bag after 30-40 days;
(3) and (3) moving the fungus bags to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the fungus bags, controlling the temperature to be 16-26 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 80-90%, harvesting after 8-10 days when a small amount of scales are formed on the fungus covers and the fungus rings are just loosened, and obtaining the coprinus comatus waste fungus chaff after 5 times of harvesting.
The coprinus comatus culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of straw, 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 0.6 part of cane sugar, 0.3 part of gypsum, 1.5 parts of calcium carbonate and 3 parts of soil.
Wherein the soil is yellow brown soil collected from periods; the livestock and poultry manure mixture comprises pig manure, chicken manure and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is 35: 18: 15, the livestock and poultry manure mixture is prepared by the following method: and airing the mixture of the pig manure and the chicken manure in the open air for 3-5 days, mixing the saw dust, spraying the aqueous dispersion of humic acid, and continuing airing in the open air for 8-10 days, and turning the materials once every 2 days. The mass concentration of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 10-40%, the addition amount of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 0.02% of the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure mixture, and the humic acid is fulvic acid.
In the embodiment, the mushroom body of the mushroom is white, has no bacterial spot, is round and full, does not open the mushroom, has uniform size and meets the physicochemical hygienic standard NY5097-2002 'harmless food agaricus bisporus'.
Example 4
A method of cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(1) the formula of the culture material is as follows: the weight portions are as follows: 40 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of straws, 40 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate and 4 parts of calcium superphosphate;
(2) preparing a culture material: adding water into the culture materials, uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is 50-55%, stacking and fermenting the culture materials, adding 0.5% of ammonium sulfate after 8 hours to perform primary pile turning, adding 0.5% of calcium superphosphate after 8 hours to perform secondary pile turning, adding 1% of calcium carbonate after 8 hours to perform tertiary pile turning, and finishing fermentation after 8-12 hours;
(3) sterilizing culture materials: putting the fermented compost into a sterilizer for steam sterilization, keeping the temperature of 100-110 ℃ at normal pressure for 8-10 h, and taking out the compost after sterilization for natural cooling;
(4) inoculation, fruiting management and harvesting: inoculating the sterilized compost, performing fruiting management, and harvesting in time; the fruiting management method comprises the following steps: and (3) moving the culture material bag to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm on the culture material bag, and controlling the air humidity to be 90% and the temperature to be 22 ℃.
And the soil covering in the step 4 is peat soil with the pH of 7-8 and the water content of 15-25%.
The preparation method of the coprinus comatus waste mushroom residue comprises the following steps:
(1) fully and uniformly stirring coprinus comatus compost, stacking into a pile with the height of 120cm, the width of 150cm and the length of 2m, covering a plastic film on the pile, compacting the periphery, drying in the sun, heating, fermenting until the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60 ℃, keeping for 12 hours, turning the pile, and keeping for 12-24 hours to stop fermentation;
(2) adjusting the water content of the fermented coprinus comatus compost to 65-70%, inoculating coprinus comatus strains after sterilization, then transferring the coprinus comatus strains into a clean and lightproof culture room at 24-26 ℃ for culture, and growing hyphae in a fungus bag after 30-40 days;
(3) and (3) moving the fungus bags to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the fungus bags, controlling the temperature to be 16-26 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 80-90%, harvesting after 8-10 days when a small amount of scales are formed on the fungus covers and the fungus rings are just loosened, and obtaining the coprinus comatus waste fungus chaff after 4 times of harvesting.
The coprinus comatus culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of straw, 40 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 1 part of cane sugar, 0.5 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 4 parts of soil.
Wherein the soil is yellow brown soil collected from periods; the livestock and poultry manure mixture comprises pig manure, chicken manure and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is 40: 20: 20, the livestock and poultry manure mixture is prepared by the following method: and airing the mixture of the pig manure and the chicken manure in the open air for 3-5 days, mixing the saw dust, spraying the aqueous dispersion of humic acid, and continuing airing in the open air for 8-10 days, and turning the materials once every 2 days. The mass concentration of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 30%, the addition amount of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 0.03% of the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure mixture, and the humic acid is fulvic acid.
In the embodiment, the mushroom body of the mushroom is white, has no bacterial spot, is round and full, does not open the mushroom, has uniform size and meets the physicochemical hygienic standard NY5097-2002 'harmless food agaricus bisporus'.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of:
(1) the formula of the culture material is as follows: the weight portions are as follows: 20-40 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-20 parts of straws, 40-60 parts of coprinus comatus waste mushroom bran, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate and 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate; the preparation method of the coprinus comatus waste mushroom residue comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly stirring coprinus comatus compost, stacking into a pile with the height of 100-120 cm, the width of 130-150 cm and the length of 2-4 m, covering a plastic film on the pile, compacting the periphery, sun-drying, heating, fermenting until the temperature of the pile reaches 50-60 ℃, keeping for 12 hours, turning over the pile, and keeping for 12-24 hours to stop the fermentation; adjusting the water content of the fermented coprinus comatus compost to 65-70%, inoculating coprinus comatus strains after sterilization, then transferring the coprinus comatus strains into a clean and lightproof culture room at 24-26 ℃ for culture, and growing hyphae in a fungus bag after 30-40 days; moving the fungus bags to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the fungus bags, controlling the temperature to be 16-26 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 80% -90%, and harvesting for a plurality of times to obtain coprinus comatus waste fungus chaff; the coprinus comatus culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure mixture, 0.5-1 part of cane sugar, 0.2-0.5 part of gypsum, 1-2 parts of calcium carbonate and 2-5 parts of soil; the soil is yellow brown soil collected from periods; the livestock and poultry manure mixture comprises pig manure, chicken manure and sawdust, and the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is (30-40): (15-20): (10-20), the livestock and poultry manure mixture is prepared by the following steps: airing the mixture of the pig manure and the chicken manure in the open air for 3-5 days, mixing the saw dust, spraying the aqueous dispersion of humic acid, continuing airing in the open air for 8-10 days, and turning the materials once every 2 days; the mass concentration of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 10-40%, the addition amount of the humic acid water dispersion liquid is 0.01-0.03% of the total amount of the livestock and poultry manure mixture, and the humic acid is fulvic acid;
(2) preparing a culture material: adding water into the culture materials, uniformly mixing, wherein the water content of the culture materials is 50-55%, stacking and fermenting the culture materials, adding 0.5% of ammonium sulfate after 8 hours to perform primary pile turning, adding 0.5% of calcium superphosphate after 8 hours to perform secondary pile turning, adding 1% of calcium carbonate after 8 hours to perform tertiary pile turning, and finishing fermentation after 8-12 hours;
(3) sterilizing culture materials: putting the fermented compost into a sterilizer for steam sterilization, keeping the temperature of 100-110 ℃ at normal pressure for 8-10 h, and taking out the compost after sterilization for natural cooling;
(4) inoculation, fruiting management and harvesting: inoculating the sterilized compost, performing fruiting management, and harvesting in time; the fruiting management method comprises the following steps: moving the culture material bag to a fruiting field, covering soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm on the culture material bag, controlling the air humidity to be 85% -95% and the temperature to be 10-26 ℃; the covering soil is peat soil with the pH of 7-8 and the water content of 15% -25%.
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