CN108802336B - A steady state culture equipment for determining wetland purifies nitrogen pollution efficiency and nitrogen circulation - Google Patents
A steady state culture equipment for determining wetland purifies nitrogen pollution efficiency and nitrogen circulation Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses steady-state culture equipment for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and nitrogen circulation of a wetland, which is characterized in that a sampling tube at the inner layer of a reaction kettle is used for obtaining a wetland soil column sample, a jacket at the outer layer of the reaction kettle is sleeved on the outer wall of the sampling tube and is communicated with a temperature control system, the surface of the wetland soil column sample is filled with wetland surface water, the wetland surface water is respectively communicated with a gas supply system and a sampling system, and a cavity between the wetland surface water and a kettle top cover is respectively connected with a nutrient solution supply system and a nutrient solution discharge system; the parameter probe a and the parameter probe b of the detection system are respectively inserted into the wetland surface water and the wetland soil columnar sample. The invention can accurately simulate and control a plurality of environmental factors, has the advantages of good simulation effect, strong repeatability, no pollution in a totally-enclosed mode, ingenious sampling design and the like, and can be safely and reliably used for investigation of purification nitrogen pollution of wetland soil and surface water and development of related experimental study of wetland soil and water nitrogen circulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal wetland science and bio-geochemistry, and particularly relates to steady-state culture equipment for measuring wetland purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and nitrogen circulation.
Background
The nitrogen cycle is a matter cycle of an ecosystem describing a process of interconversion between elemental nitrogen and nitrogen-containing compounds in nature, and is an important component of global bio-geochemical cycle. The global nitrogen circulation is seriously unbalanced due to the new 'active' nitrogen increased by human activities every year, and a series of environmental problems such as water eutrophication, water acidification, greenhouse gas emission and the like are caused. The nitrogen content in the wetland soil and the migration and transformation process thereof also significantly influence the structure and the function of the wetland ecosystem and the wetland productivity. The wetland nitrogen cycle comprises a series of links such as synthesis, ammoniation, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation and the like of wetland vegetation or phytoplankton organic nitrogen in water areas. In the past half century, nitrogen content in water areas (including lakes, rivers, oceans, etc.) in China has increased significantly due to the dual effects of human activity and global climate change. Taking Bohai sea as an example, the content of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN) in Bohai sea is increased by at least 10 times during the past fifty years according to incomplete statistics, which is far higher than that of other sea areas in the world (for example, the DIN content in the offshore water area in Louisiana in U.S. is increased by about 3 times), so that pollution discharge and nitrogen removal become an unprecedented environmental problem.
Wetland has extremely strong self-cleaning capability and sewage purifying capability, and is called as 'kidney of earth'. In recent years, many artificial and natural wetlands are tried to be used in sewage treatment systems, and the defects of high cost, high energy consumption, complex operation management and the like of conventional sewage treatment plants can be avoided because the artificial and natural wetlands have the advantages of low cost, environmental protection and the like, so that the artificial and natural wetlands gradually become an efficient pollution discharge nitrogen removal method and are increasingly valued by scientific researchers and government departments. However, it is notable that there is no well-defined method to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen removal by soil and its microorganisms when nitrogen-containing water flows through wetland soil; moreover, there is also a lack of suitable methods for systematically studying the mechanisms of biochemical reactions and microbial action that occur during the purification process and nitrogen cycle.
The nitrogen circulation in the wetland not only can influence the structure, the function, the stability and the health of the ecological system, but also determines the evolution direction of the ecological system of the wetland to a certain extent, and is also closely related to a series of global environment problems such as global warming, ozone layer damage, acid sedimentation and the like, so the method is an important research field of global change research; how to use the wetland purification capability to serve the treatment of nitrogen pollution is a focus of attention by scientific researchers and government departments in various countries.
Previous investigation has found that the prior art has the following disadvantages and problems:
(1) The previous design has to be improved in the connection of two links of 'obtaining soil columnar samples' and 'culturing in a reaction kettle'. In the past experimental setting, a reaction kettle is often arranged firstly, then a soil columnar sample is obtained in the field, and then the columnar sample is transferred into the reaction kettle for culture. On the one hand, the important parameters such as the structure, granularity, moisture, oxygen content and the like of the soil columnar sample are easy to change, and on the other hand, the soil columnar sample is also easy to be polluted by the surrounding environment in the transferring process, so that the culture is failed or the obtained result is not true.
(2) The previous designs lack accurate simulation and control of environmental factors. In the past, the experimental device can only simulate and control limited environmental state parameters, and is difficult to accurately control all hydrologic environmental conditions such as the temperature (T), the salinity (S), the illumination, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration, the water flow force, the nutrient salt concentration and the like of the wetland soil and the surface water. Such as the rate and concentration of nutrient salt input to the wetland, which can lead to unstable modes and mechanisms of biochemical reactions by microorganisms; the lack of precise control of dissolved oxygen and temperature can lead to difficult control of the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic states of the ecosystem, which can also vary widely with respect to biochemical reactions and microbial nitrogen circulation mechanisms, and also have uncertainty and unpredictable variations in the efficiency of blowdown and nitrogen removal.
(3) The stability of the past design is relatively poor, repeatability is relatively poor: in the past experimental device, a steady-state culture mode is not adopted in many cases, and even if a problem culture mode is adopted, all possible environmental factor changes cannot be completely simulated, so that the repeatability among different experiments is poor, and the experimental result is difficult to verify repeatedly. Especially when sampling the culture system, the sampling process is easy to disturb the balance of the system, so that the whole system is difficult to keep in a stable state.
(4) In the past, the design mostly adopts a non-closed environment, and is easy to pollute and interfere. The existing experimental design mostly adopts open batch culture, which leads the wetland soil and the surface water system to be easily interfered by external microorganisms, bacteria and the like, leads the inherent biological system in the wetland soil and the surface water after culture to coexist with the external microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and the like, and brings difficulty for further analysis and testing. In addition, the experimental result is inaccurate due to pollution interference, and the experimental reference value is reduced.
(5) In the past, no pollution-free sampling mode is adopted in the design. In the past, sampling operations often adopt modes of sampling or sampling once after culturing, and the like. None of these approaches is optimal because it is easy to disturb the continuous steady state growth conditions of the wetland soil microorganisms and surface water phytoplankton ecosystems and is also easy to bring about pollution. If the culture is stopped for sampling, the biochemical balance of the wetland soil and the surface water biological system is also interrupted. And the change of the hydrologic environmental parameters in the wetland soil and surface water biological system, such as DO state, temperature condition, water phytoplankton cell number, cell component change, cell growth mechanism and parameter change, etc. are difficult to observe in real time after the culture is finished.
Therefore, how to develop a novel steady-state culture device for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of poor stability, poor repeatability, difficult sampling, difficult multi-parameter control, easy pollution, lack of accurate simulation on environmental factors and the like of devices in the prior art, the invention aims to provide steady-state culture equipment for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and nitrogen circulation of a wetland.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a steady-state culture device for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and nitrogen circulation of a wetland comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a nutrient solution supply system, a nutrient solution discharge system, a gas supply system, a sampling system and a detection system; the inner layer of the reaction kettle is provided with a hollow sampling tube, the sampling tube is tamped into soil in a top pressurizing mode, the wetland soil columnar sample naturally filled in the sampling tube is taken out at the same time, and the top end and the bottom end of the sampling tube are respectively provided with a kettle top cover and a kettle bottom cover in a rotating way for sealing; the outer layer of the reaction kettle is provided with a jacket for filling the circulating water bath, and the jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the sampling tube and is communicated with a temperature control system of the circulating water bath; the surface of the wetland soil columnar sample is filled with wetland surface water, the wetland surface water is respectively communicated with the gas supply system and the sampling system, and a cavity between the wetland surface water and the kettle top cover is respectively connected with the nutrient solution supply system and the nutrient solution discharge system; the detection system comprises a parameter probe a and a parameter probe b, wherein the parameter probe a and the parameter probe b are respectively inserted into the wetland surface water and the wetland soil columnar sample.
Further, the temperature control system comprises a circulating water bath, the circulating water bath is arranged to be of a hollow cylindrical barrel body structure, limit through holes are formed in the periphery of the circulating water bath in an annular equidistant arrangement mode, and the reaction kettle is arranged in the limit through holes.
Still further, the inner layer of the reaction kettle is provided with a sampling tube and an outer layer of the jacket, the sampling tube and the outer layer of the reaction kettle are both made of transparent hard plastic materials, the sampling tube is arranged into an upright column structure with a hollow inside, the wall thickness of the sampling tube is larger than that of the jacket, a circulating water bath water outlet and a circulating water bath water inlet are respectively arranged on the jacket, and a circulating water bath pool is respectively connected with the circulating water bath water outlet and the circulating water bath water inlet of the jacket.
Further, the nutrient solution supply system comprises a nutrient solution storage chamber and a peristaltic pump, the top end of the nutrient solution storage chamber is communicated with the air pipe a, liquid in the nutrient solution storage chamber is connected with the peristaltic pump through a conduit, the peristaltic pump is connected with the nutrient solution conduit, and the nutrient solution conduit is extended and inserted on the top cover of the reaction kettle.
Further, the nutrient solution discharge system comprises a measuring cylinder and an overflow flow guide pipe, one end of the overflow flow guide pipe is inserted on the top cover of the reaction kettle, and the other end of the overflow flow guide pipe is inserted in the measuring cylinder.
Further, the gas supply system comprises an air pump and an air pipe b, the air pump is connected with the air pipe b, and the tail end of the air pipe b is inserted into the surface water of the wetland.
Further, the sampling system comprises a sampling tube, an air extraction sampling bottle and a vacuum pump, wherein the vacuum pump is connected with the air extraction sampling bottle through a pipeline, the air extraction sampling bottle is communicated with the sampling tube, the tail end of the sampling tube extends into the surface water of the wetland, and the sampling tube is communicated with an air tube b of the gas supply system through a three-way plug valve.
Further, the parameter probe a and the parameter probe b of the detection system are respectively connected with a power supply, a detector and a computer through wires.
Further, still be provided with agitator and application of sample hole, the application of sample hole runs through and sets up on the cauldron top cap, and the agitator passes the cauldron top cap and extends to the wetland surface water in, and the agitator passes through the motor drive of cauldron top cap.
Further, the kettle is also provided with an illumination control system, the illumination control system comprises a light panel and a light source lamp, the light panel is embedded on the kettle top cover, the light source lamp is arranged on the light panel, and the light source lamp is connected with a power supply through a timer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
aiming at a plurality of problems existing in the prior art, the invention is mainly solved by the following technical proposal:
(1) Aiming at the problem that two links of obtaining a soil columnar sample and culturing in a reaction kettle are not easy to connect: the inner layer of the reaction kettle is of a hollow upright column structure, the inner wall of the reaction kettle is made of transparent hard plastic, the inner wall of the reaction kettle can be directly placed on the surface of wetland soil, then the inner layer (sampling tube) of the reaction kettle is tamped into the soil in a top pressurizing mode, when the inner layer (sampling tube) of the reaction kettle is taken out, the wetland soil column sample naturally filled in the inner layer (sampling tube) of the reaction kettle can be taken out simultaneously, and the bottom cover and the top cover of the reaction kettle are immediately covered for sealing; the outer layer (jacket) of the reaction kettle can be sleeved on the inner layer (sampling tube) of the reaction kettle after the soil columnar sample is taken, and then is communicated with the temperature control system of the circulating water bath. In addition, if necessary, the reaction vessel may be subjected to cleaning or sterilization treatment in advance, thereby eliminating environmental pollution. Therefore, the design is rapid and convenient to sample, and disturbance and potential artificial pollution to the wetland soil sample are avoided to the greatest extent.
(2) Aiming at the problem that the prior design lacks of accurate simulation and control of environmental factors: the design utilizes a double-layer structure of the reaction kettle and circulating water bath equipment to control the temperature of the reaction kettle in the whole culture process; the peristaltic pump is utilized to precisely control the input rate of the nutrient solution introduced into the reaction kettle; stirring surface water of a wetland sample by using a stirrer to simulate water flow fluctuation of the wetland; filling sterile air flow by using an air pump to simulate air conditions so as to control the dissolved oxygen content of the surface water and soil of the wetland; monitoring hydrologic environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential and the like in the wetland surface water and the soil columnar samples by utilizing a multiparameter detector; thereby ensuring accurate control and simulation of environmental factors.
(3) Aiming at the problems of poor stability and poor repeatability of the traditional design, the design utilizes a totally-enclosed steady-state chemostat culture mode, which means that microorganisms and plankton in wetland soil and water are cultured in a system with relatively constant conditions; the total amount of nutrient solution in the system is kept unchanged, and the nutrient solution is supplied from the outside at a constant rate and continuously extracts the culture; the growth rate of the culture can be precisely controlled by limiting the supply rate of a certain nutrient component, and the method can not only improve the utilization rate of equipment, but also be beneficial to developing culture experiments with high precision requirements. Therefore, in the design, all environmental conditions, even the input and output rates of nutrient solution and the like are accurately controllable, the whole system is stable and reliable, and when the environmental conditions are controlled appropriately, the whole experiment is repeatable.
(4) Aiming at the problems that the prior design mostly adopts a non-closed environment and is easy to pollute and interfere, the design adopts a fully-closed design, all the guide pipes or outlets are provided with switch valves, and air or oxygen which is introduced into the system is filtered by a filter screen (the filter screen has a preferable aperture of 0.22 mu m, can filter impurities, microorganisms and the like, and ensures the injection of sterile air).
(5) To the problem that sampling method probably leads to the pollution in the design in the past, this patent has designed two kinds of sampling methods: (1) when the cock is screwed to a certain angle, the sterile air inlet pipe (air pipe b) is closed and communicated with the sampling pipe, so that negative pressure can be created through the sterile air suction sampling bottle and the vacuum pump, and a surface water sample is extracted from the reaction kettle; (2) and the other is provided with an overflow flow guide pipe, and the nutrient solution is continuously added into the reaction kettle, so that the surface water is increased inevitably, the water surface rises, one end of the overflow flow guide pipe is clung to the surface water surface of the surface water of the wetland, and when the water body is increased to a certain degree, overflow is led out, so that the stability of the system is maintained. Because sterile air is always filled in the reaction kettle, one-way airflow and liquid are always led out at one end of the overflow flow guide pipe, and the problem that external air flows backward to pollute water on the inner surface layer of the reaction kettle is avoided. The two methods well avoid the problem of changing the system balance of the chemostat culture in the reaction kettle due to sampling. In addition, conventional parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, DO and the like can be monitored in real time through a multi-parameter probe arranged in surface water and soil, and the problem of pollution of samples in the reaction kettle is avoided.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the system equipment can simulate the nitrogen circulation of natural wetland soil and surface water, calculates the efficiency of the wetland soil and the wetland surface water in the aspect of purifying nitrogen pollution through a steady-state model, and can be used for carrying out systematic research on the nitrogen circulation process and mechanism. The design skillfully utilizes a steady-state chemostat culture mode to avoid a series of problems in the prior design, can accurately simulate and control a plurality of environmental factors, has the advantages of good simulation effect, strong repeatability, no pollution in a totally-enclosed mode, ingenious sampling design and the like, and can be safely and reliably used for investigation of purification and nitrogen pollution of wetland soil and surface water and development of related experimental study of wetland soil and water nitrogen circulation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the circulating water bath of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an illumination control system according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a nutrient solution storage chamber; 2. a trachea a; 3. a peristaltic pump; 4. a nutrient solution conduit; 5. a parameter probe a; 6. an air pump; 7. a trachea b; 8. a three-way plug valve; 9. a sampling tube; 10. pumping the sampling bottle; 11. A vacuum pump; 12. a sample adding hole; 13. a kettle top cover; 14. a stirrer; 15. wetland surface water; 16. a water outlet of the circulating water bath; 17. a wetland soil column; 18a, a jacket; 18b, a sampling tube; 19. a kettle bottom cover; 20. a circulating water bath water inlet; 21. a parameter probe b; 22. an overflow flow guide pipe; 23. a measuring cylinder; 24. circulating water bath; 25. limiting through holes; 26. a light panel; 27. a light source lamp.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a steady-state culture apparatus for measuring the efficiency of purifying nitrogen pollution and nitrogen circulation of a wetland comprises a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a nutrient solution supply system, a nutrient solution discharge system, a gas supply system, a sampling system and a detection system; the inner layer of the reaction kettle is made of transparent hard plastic and is provided with a hollow sampling tube 18b, the sampling tube 18b is provided with a vertical column structure with a hollow inside, the hollow vertical column structure can be directly placed on the surface of wetland soil, then the inner layer (the sampling tube 18 b) of the reaction kettle is tamped into the soil in a top pressurizing mode, when the inner layer (the sampling tube 18 b) of the reaction kettle is taken out, the wetland soil column sample 17 naturally filled in the inner layer (the sampling tube 18 b) of the reaction kettle can be taken out simultaneously, and the bottom cover 19 of the reaction kettle is immediately covered for sealing; the outer layer (jacket 18 a) of the reaction kettle can be sleeved on the inner layer (sampling tube 18 b) of the reaction kettle after the wetland soil columnar sample 17 is taken out, and then is communicated with a temperature control system of the circulating water bath; the outer layer (jacket 18 a) of the reaction kettle can be made of thinner transparent plastic material, and a circulating water bath water outlet 16 and a circulating water bath water inlet 20 are respectively arranged on the outer layer, and a circulating water bath 24 is respectively connected with the circulating water bath water outlet 16 and the circulating water bath water inlet 20 of the reaction kettle; the surface of the wetland soil column 17 is filled with wetland surface water 15, the wetland surface water 15 is respectively communicated with a gas supply system and a sampling system, and a cavity between the wetland surface water 15 and the kettle top cover 13 is respectively connected with a nutrient solution supply system and a nutrient solution discharge system; the detection system comprises a parameter probe a5 and a parameter probe b21, wherein the parameter probe a5 and the parameter probe b21 are respectively inserted into the wetland surface water 15 and the wetland soil column 17.
The bottom cover 19 of the reaction kettle is arranged at the bottom of the reaction kettle in a screwing mode, the outer layer of the kettle wall of the reaction kettle can be filled with water flow of a circulating water bath to accurately control the temperature of the reaction kettle, the surface layer of a soil columnar sample placed in the reaction kettle is soaked by the wetland surface water 15, and the depth of the wetland surface water 15 is far lower than that of the soil columnar sample.
The reaction kettle top cover 13 has the characteristics of multifunction, firstly, the reaction kettle top cover can be sealed on the reaction kettle body, and the kettle cover sequentially penetrates through a nutrient solution ingress pipe, a sterile air ingress pipe, a multi-parameter probe/detector, a stirrer 14, a rotor, a sample adding hole 12 (the top is sealed by rubber, the liquid can be added by an injector, and the liquid can be added by an injector), and an overflow flow guide pipe.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature control system comprises a circulating water bath 24, the circulating water bath 24 is of a hollow cylindrical barrel structure, limit through holes 25 are formed in the periphery of the circulating water bath in an annular equidistant arrangement manner, and the reaction kettle is installed in the limit through holes 25.
The outer layer of the reaction kettle is respectively provided with a circulating water bath water outlet 16 and a circulating water bath water inlet 20, and a circulating water bath 24 is respectively connected with the circulating water bath water outlet 16 and the circulating water bath water inlet 20 of the reaction kettle.
The water outlet 16 of the circulating water bath and the water inlet 20 of the circulating water bath are arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the reaction kettle respectively in opposite arrangement, and the distance between the water outlet 16 of the circulating water bath and the water inlet 20 of the circulating water bath is relatively far, so that the sufficiency of water circulation in the outer layer of the reaction kettle can be ensured. The material for manufacturing the reaction kettle is preferably transparent material, such as hard plastic or toughened glass, so that the reaction condition inside can be observed at any time, and the light rays of the top light panel 26 can be thrown into the wetland surface water 15.
The circulating water bath 24 is internally provided with a supporting frame, the supporting frame is provided with a fastening clamp, and the fastening clamp is clamped at the joint of the kettle body and the kettle top cover 13 of the reaction kettle.
The nutrient solution supply system comprises a nutrient solution storage chamber 1 and a peristaltic pump 3, wherein the top end of the nutrient solution storage chamber 1 is communicated with an air pipe a2, liquid in the nutrient solution storage chamber 1 is connected with the peristaltic pump 3 through a conduit, the peristaltic pump 3 is connected with a nutrient solution conduit 4, and the nutrient solution conduit 4 is extended and inserted on a top cover 13 of the reaction kettle.
The peristaltic pump 3 pumps nutrient solution out of the nutrient solution storage chamber 1 and inputs the nutrient solution into the reaction kettle through the nutrient solution guide pipe 4 according to a set speed, and the outlet of the nutrient solution guide pipe 4 is higher than the liquid level, so that the nutrient solution can be conveniently and timely supplemented; the peristaltic pump 3 has adjustable rotating speed and adjustable diameter of the internal guide pipe, so as to control the rate of introducing nutrient solution; the top of the nutrient solution storage chamber 1 is sealed by a rubber plug, the rubber plug is penetrated through a first air filter screen, the filter screen preferably has a pore diameter of 0.22 mu m, impurities, microorganisms and the like can be filtered, and the injection of sterile air is ensured.
The nutrient solution discharge system comprises a measuring cylinder 23 and an overflow flow guide pipe 22, one end of the overflow flow guide pipe 22 is inserted on the top cover 13 of the reaction kettle, and the other end of the overflow flow guide pipe 22 is inserted in the measuring cylinder 23.
The overflow flow guide pipe 22 can guide out excessive liquid in the reaction kettle to the measuring cylinder 23 for subsequent analysis. As nutrient solution is continuously added into the reaction kettle, the surface water is increased inevitably, the water surface rises, one end of the overflow flow guide pipe 22 clings to the surface water surface, and when the water body is increased to a certain degree, overflow is led out, so that the stability of the system is maintained. Because sterile air is always filled in the reaction kettle, one-way airflow and liquid are always led out at one end of the overflow flow guide pipe 22, and the problem that external air flows backward to pollute water on the inner surface layer of the reaction kettle is avoided.
The gas supply system comprises a gas pump 6 and a gas pipe b7, the gas pump 6 is connected with the gas pipe b7, and the tail end of the gas pipe b7 is inserted into the wetland surface water 15, namely, the gas outlet hole of the gas pipe b7 is below the liquid level of the wetland surface water 15. The air pipes b7 of the air supply system are all provided with air filtering screens, the preferable aperture of each filtering screen is 0.22 mu m, impurities, microorganisms and the like can be filtered, the injection of sterile air is guaranteed, the air pump 6 guides the air into a second air filtering screen (the preferable aperture is 0.22 mu m), and after the air is filtered, the sterile air is guided into wetland surface water 15 in the reaction kettle through the air pipes b7 and the three-way plug valve 8.
The sampling system comprises a sampling tube 9, an air extraction sampling bottle 10 and a vacuum pump 11, wherein the vacuum pump 11 is connected with the air extraction sampling bottle 10 through a pipeline, the air extraction sampling bottle 10 is communicated with the sampling tube 9, and the tail end of the sampling tube 9 extends into wetland surface water 15.
The gas pipe b7 of the gas supply system is communicated with the sampling pipe 9 of the sampling system through a three-way plug valve 8, the valve of the three-way plug valve 8 has a flow regulating function, when the valve is regulated to a first angle, sterile air can be input into the reaction kettle, and the connection with the sampling pipe 9 is closed at the moment; when the second angle is adjusted, the air pipe b7 for inputting sterile air is closed, and the air pipe b is communicated with the sampling pipe 9, so that negative pressure can be formed by the air suction sampling bottle 10 and the vacuum pump 11, and water flow of the reaction kettle can be taken out.
The parameter probe a5 and the parameter probe b21 of the detection system are respectively connected with a power supply, a detector and a computer through wires. One probe of the multi-parameter probe/detector consisting of the parameter probe a5 and the parameter probe b21 is inserted into the water body, the other probe is inserted into the soil, various hydrologic environment parameters such as the temperature, the salinity, the pH, the DO, the redox potential and the like of the water body and the soil can be monitored in real time, and the detector is connected with a computer and a power supply and can read the result from the computer in real time for monitoring.
The stirrer 14 and the sample adding hole 12 are also arranged, the sample adding hole 12 is penetratingly arranged on the kettle top cover 13, the stirrer 14 penetrates through the kettle top cover 13 to extend into the wetland surface water 15, and the stirrer 14 is driven by a motor of the kettle top cover 13. The stirrer 14 is in the shape of a single needle, and a rotor is arranged at the top of the stirrer, so that wetland surface water 15 of wetland soil can be stirred according to a set rotating speed, and the fluctuation condition in a natural water body is simulated.
The sample adding hole 12 is a tiny glass tube hole, the top of the sample adding hole 12 is covered or sealed by a rubber diaphragm at ordinary times, the rubber plug is detachable, and the liquid (such as tracer and the like) can be injected by penetrating through an injection needle.
As shown in fig. 3, an illumination control system is further provided, the illumination control system comprises a light panel 26 and a light source lamp 27, the light panel 26 is embedded on the kettle top cover 13, the light source lamp 27 is installed on the light panel 26, and the light source lamp 27 is connected with a power supply through a timer. The timer controls illumination time, can be set to continuously illuminate or alternately illuminate day and night, and is used for detecting light intensity at any time so as to ensure accurate light intensity value.
Before the steady-state culture equipment for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland is used, all parts of the reaction kettle are assembled, then the steady-state culture equipment is assembled with a temperature control system, a nutrient solution supply system, a nutrient solution discharge system, a gas supply system, a sampling system and a detection system in sequence, and then sterilization treatment is carried out together. The inner layer (sampling tube 18 b) of the reaction kettle is in a strip shape, is cylindrical, has a thick inner wall and is used for directly drilling to obtain a soil columnar sample, and the lower surface of the reaction kettle is sealed by a kettle bottom cover 19 after the soil columnar sample is obtained; then, the pre-designed outer jacket 18a of the reaction kettle is sleeved, the outer jacket 18a is shorter than the inner wall of the reaction kettle, the jacket 18a of the circulating water bath is obtained after sealing, the reaction kettle is integrally placed into the circulating water bath 24, and the circulating water bath 24 is respectively connected with the circulating water bath water outlet 16 and the circulating water bath water inlet 20 of the reaction kettle. The culture solution in the nutrient solution storage chamber 1 is continuously dripped into the reaction kettle through the peristaltic pump 3 until the wetland surface water 15 on the upper surface of the soil columnar sample reaches a preset liquid level, and the temperature control system, the stirrer 14, the illumination control system and the gas supply system are started. When the temperature is constant and the system is stable, a liquid (such as an isotope tracer) is injected by penetrating the sample application well 12 with an injection needle. The working modes of the systems are as follows: the temperature control system heats water (can be used for simulating the heating effect or cooling effect caused by global climate change) through the circulating water bath 24, the heated (or cooled) water enters the circulating water bath water inlet 20, flows out through the circulating water bath water outlet 16 after fully circulating in the interlayer, and returns to the circulating water bath 24 to be heated (or cooled) again for constant temperature. The gas supply system is fed with sterile air (or increased CO therein) via a rate-controllable inflator 6 2 The content of the sterile air simulates the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide), sterile air is introduced into the reaction kettle after being opened and closed by the three-way plug valve 8, and then is introduced into the surface water 15 of the wetland through the flow guide pipe, and the gas overflows from the bottom of the surface water 15 of the wetland to the upper layer in the form of bubbles. The nutrient solution supply system continuously drops the culture solution in the nutrient solution storage chamber 1 into the reaction kettle through the peristaltic pump 3 by the nutrient solution guide pipe 4. The lower end of the nutrient solution overflow pipe of the nutrient solution discharge system is positioned on the surface of the surface water 15 of the wetland and is tightly contacted with the liquid level, and the nutrient solution overflow pipe is held by sterile gasContinuously filling, so that the upper space of the surface water 15 of the wetland of the reaction kettle maintains a certain stable pressure; with the continuous dropping of nutrient solution, the internal pressure slightly increases, and a small pressure difference is generated between the internal pressure and the external pressure, and the pressure difference can force the redundant nutrient solution to continuously flow out into the measuring cylinder 23 through the nutrient solution overflow pipe. The agitators 14 may agitate the wetland surface water 15 within the reaction vessel to simulate wave conditions in a natural body of water. The sampling system controls the valve of the three-way plug valve 8, and uses the vacuum pump 11 to pump so as to realize that the wetland surface water 15 enters the air extraction sampling bottle 10 along the sampling pipe 9; before sampling, the gas channel is changed through the three-way plug valve 8, the wetland surface water 15 is pumped by the vacuum pump 11 to sample, and the whole process is that the liquid flows in one direction, so that the pollution in the sampling process can be reduced. The peristaltic pump 3 is kept in operation during the whole culture process; to reduce the disturbing effect on the steady state of continuous culture at the time of sampling, the volume of each sampling must not exceed the volume of the culture medium charged into the reaction vessel during the two sampling points and must not exceed 6% of the total volume of the reaction vessel. The light panel 26 and the light source lamp 27 of the illumination control system provide and reflect illumination and can control light intensity; the timer controls illumination time, can be set to continuously illuminate or alternately illuminate day and night, and is used for detecting light intensity at any time so as to ensure accurate light intensity value.
The above description is not intended to limit the invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, additions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and these modifications and variations are therefore considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The steady-state culture equipment for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland is characterized by comprising a reaction kettle, a temperature control system, a nutrient solution supply system, a nutrient solution discharge system, a gas supply system, a sampling system and a detection system; the reaction kettle is of a double-layer structure formed by sleeving an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer of the reaction kettle is provided with a hollow sampling tube, the sampling tube is tamped into soil in a top pressurizing mode, a wetland soil columnar sample naturally filled in the sampling tube is taken out at the same time, and the top end and the bottom end of the sampling tube are respectively provided with a kettle top cover and a kettle bottom cover in a rotating mode for sealing; the outer layer of the reaction kettle is provided with a jacket for filling the circulating water bath, and the jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the sampling tube and is communicated with a temperature control system of the circulating water bath; the surface of the wetland soil columnar sample is filled with wetland surface water, the wetland surface water is respectively communicated with the gas supply system and the sampling system, and a cavity between the wetland surface water and the kettle top cover is respectively connected with the nutrient solution supply system and the nutrient solution discharge system; the detection system comprises a parameter probe a and a parameter probe b, wherein the parameter probe a and the parameter probe b are respectively inserted into the wetland surface water and the wetland soil columnar sample.
2. The steady-state culture device for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control system comprises a circulating water bath which is arranged in a hollow cylindrical barrel body structure, limit through holes are formed in the periphery of the circulating water bath in an annular equidistant arrangement mode, and the reaction kettle is arranged in the limit through holes.
3. The steady-state culture equipment for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 2, wherein the sampling tube at the inner layer of the reaction kettle and the jacket at the outer layer are both made of transparent hard plastic materials, the sampling tube is arranged into an upright column structure with a hollow inside, the wall thickness of the sampling tube is larger than that of the jacket, a circulating water bath water outlet and a circulating water bath water inlet are respectively arranged on the jacket, and the circulating water bath pool is respectively connected with the circulating water bath water outlet and the circulating water bath water inlet of the jacket.
4. The steady state culture device for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution supply system comprises a nutrient solution storage chamber and a peristaltic pump, the top end of the nutrient solution storage chamber is communicated with the air pipe a, the liquid in the nutrient solution storage chamber is connected with the peristaltic pump through a conduit, the peristaltic pump is connected with the nutrient solution conduit, and the nutrient solution conduit is extended and inserted on the top cover of the reaction kettle.
5. The steady state culture device for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution discharge system comprises a measuring cylinder and an overflow flow guide pipe, one end of the overflow flow guide pipe is inserted on the top cover of the reaction kettle, and the other end of the overflow flow guide pipe is inserted in the measuring cylinder.
6. A steady state cultivation apparatus for measuring the efficiency of purifying nitrogen pollution and nitrogen circulation of a wetland according to claim 1, wherein said gas supply system comprises a gas pump and a gas pipe b connected to each other, and the tip of the gas pipe b is inserted into the surface water of the wetland.
7. The steady state culture apparatus for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the sampling system comprises a sampling tube, a suction sampling bottle and a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected with the suction sampling bottle through a pipeline, the suction sampling bottle is communicated with the sampling tube, the tail end of the sampling tube extends into the surface water of the wetland, and the sampling tube is communicated with a gas pipe b of the gas supply system through a three-way plug valve.
8. The steady-state culture device for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 1, wherein the parameter probe a and the parameter probe b of the detection system are respectively connected with a power supply, a detector and a computer through wires.
9. The steady state culture apparatus for measuring the efficiency of purifying nitrogen pollution and recycling nitrogen in a wet land according to claim 1, further comprising a stirrer and a sample-adding hole, wherein the sample-adding hole is provided in the tank top cover, the stirrer extends into the surface water of the wet land through the tank top cover, and the stirrer is driven by a motor of the tank top cover.
10. The steady-state cultivation equipment for measuring the purification nitrogen pollution efficiency and the nitrogen circulation of the wetland according to claim 1, wherein the equipment is further provided with an illumination control system, the illumination control system comprises a light panel and a light source lamp, the light panel is embedded on a kettle top cover, the light source lamp is arranged on the light panel, and the light source lamp is connected with a power supply through a timer.
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