CN108800114B

CN108800114B - Anti-blocking boiler hood used in field of power plant

Info

Publication number: CN108800114B
Application number: CN201810743659.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李保平
Original assignee: Hangzhou Fuchun Industry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Zhonghe Special Steel Casting Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-07-09
Filing date: 2018-07-09
Publication date: 2020-06-12
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-09
Also published as: CN111380051A; CN111380050A; CN108800114A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of air hoods, and particularly relates to an anti-blocking boiler air hood used in the field of power plants, which comprises an air hood conical cover, an air hood sleeve, air hood holes and an actuating mechanism, wherein a rotating shaft is driven to rotate by a turbine after being blown by wind, and a volute spiral spring is compressed to store energy; after the turbine rotates by blowing, an actuating rod in the anti-blocking mechanism can be quickly separated from a blast cap hole, so that the blast cap can be normally ventilated. After the blast cap stops blowing, the spiral spring releases energy; the flywheel is designed to slow down the release speed of the volute spiral spring and ensure that the rotating shaft drives the ring sleeve to rotate slowly through the first shaft sleeve, the connecting plate and the toothed ring; the actuating rod in the anti-blocking mechanism can slowly penetrate through the hood hole in a rotating mode, so that the actuating rod can be enabled to extrude high-temperature small-particle coal in the hood hole, the rotating actuating rod can rotate to form a small space without high-temperature small-particle coal gathering, and the condition that the hood hole is blocked is avoided.

Description

Anti-blocking boiler hood used in field of power plant

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of air hoods, and particularly relates to an anti-blocking boiler air hood used in the field of power plants.

Background

At present, a circulating fluidized bed boiler exists in a power plant, and a plurality of air caps are required to be arranged at the bottom of a hearth of the circulating fluidized bed boiler so as to ensure that pulverized coal in the hearth can be combusted in a boiling state. The hood has a plurality of shapes, wherein for the mushroom-like hood, the upper end of the hood is closed, the lower end of the hood is processed into a plug so as to be vertically arranged at the bottom of a hearth, the center of the hood is hollow, and a row of vent holes are formed in the circumference below the edge of the hood head. When the boiler is stopped, the blast cap does not exhaust air, and the high-temperature small-particle coal is accumulated at the bottom of the hearth under the action of gravity. When the accident of boiler coking appears, the boiler needs promptly to shut down the stove, and the hood can stop the ventilation very fast, and the hood hole of hood is entered into very easily to the small granule coal of high temperature who is in the state of gluing so a large amount of, just forms a great cinder group after the small granule coal of high temperature is cooled off and is mutually adhered, and then causes the jam to the hood hole, has caused a lot of troubles to the investigation jam of later stage hood. In addition, when all blast cap holes of the blast cap are completely blocked by the coke blocks cooled by large particles, the blast cap cannot be used continuously. In order to prevent the boiler hood from being blocked, an anti-blocking boiler hood needs to be designed.

The invention designs an anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses an anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "below", "upper" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when using, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation or be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The utility model provides an anti-blocking boiler hood that power plant field used which characterized in that: the wind cap comprises a wind cap conical cover, a wind cap sleeve, a wind cap hole, a fixed column and an actuating mechanism, wherein the wind cap conical cover is arranged on the outer circular surface of one end of the wind cap sleeve; eight blast cap holes are uniformly formed on the outer circular surface of the blast cap sleeve along the circumferential direction; one end of the fixed column is arranged on the blast cap conical cover, and the other end of the fixed column is provided with an actuating mechanism; the actuating mechanism is positioned in the hood sleeve and is matched with the hood hole on the hood sleeve.

The executing mechanism comprises an anti-blocking mechanism, a speed change mechanism, a top disc, a rotating shaft, a turbine, a first shaft sleeve, a connecting plate, a toothed ring, a ring shell, a fixed ring disc, a bottom disc, a flywheel, a first one-way clutch ring, a second one-way clutch ring, a volute spring, a second shaft sleeve, a round hole, a rod hole and a sliding groove, wherein the top disc is arranged at one end of a fixed column which is not connected with a hood cone cover; a round hole is formed in the middle of the top disc; one end of the annular shell is arranged on the disc surface of the top disc far away from the fixed column, and the other end of the annular shell is provided with a bottom disc; eight penetrating rod holes are uniformly formed in the outer circular surface of the annular shell along the circumferential direction; one end of the rotating shaft is arranged in the round hole of the top disc through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the bottom disc; one end of the rotating shaft penetrating out of the bottom disc is provided with a turbine, and the turbine is positioned below the bottom disc; the first one-way clutch ring and the second one-way clutch ring are both arranged on the rotating shaft, and the second one-way clutch ring is positioned between the first one-way clutch ring and the top disk; the second one-way clutch ring is close to the top disc; the volute spiral spring is nested on the second one-way clutch ring, one end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second one-way clutch ring, and the other end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the inner circular surface of the ring shell; the flywheel is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first one-way clutch ring; the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve are both fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and the second shaft sleeve is positioned between the first one-way clutch ring and the first shaft sleeve; two speed change mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve; four connecting plates are uniformly arranged on the outer circular surface of the first shaft sleeve along the circumferential direction; the toothed ring is arranged at one end of the four connecting plates which is not connected with the first shaft sleeve; the fixed ring disc is arranged in the middle of the bottom disc and is positioned below the first shaft sleeve; the rotating shaft is positioned in the fixed ring disc; eight sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the outer circular surface of the fixed ring disc along the circumferential direction; the eight anti-blocking mechanisms are respectively and uniformly arranged in the fixed ring disc and the eight sliding grooves of the fixed ring disc along the circumferential direction; the gear ring is matched with the anti-blocking mechanism; the speed change mechanism is matched with the inner circular surface of the annular shell.

The speed change mechanism comprises a telescopic rod, a heavy U-shaped block, an arc swinging plate, a telescopic rod spring, a smooth arc plate, a friction arc plate and a hinge block, wherein one end of the telescopic rod is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve, and the other end of the telescopic rod is provided with the heavy U-shaped block; the telescopic rod spring is nested on the telescopic rod, one end of the telescopic rod spring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve, and the other end of the telescopic rod spring is arranged on the heavy U-shaped block; one end of the hinge block is arranged in the heavy U-shaped block through a pin, and the other end of the hinge block is provided with an arc-shaped swinging plate; the arc swing plate is composed of a smooth arc plate and a friction arc plate.

The anti-blocking mechanism comprises a support ring, a ring sleeve, an actuating rod, a fixing plate, a thread sleeve, a disc spring, a connecting disc, a clamping ring, a connecting swivel, a guide key, a guide groove, an external thread, a swivel cavity and a swivel groove, wherein the thread sleeve is fixedly arranged on the outer circular surface of the fixing ring disc and is communicated with the corresponding sliding groove; the inner circular surface of the thread sleeve is provided with internal threads; the support ring is arranged on the bottom disc through the fixing plate, and the position of the support ring corresponds to the position of the threaded sleeve; the ring sleeve is arranged in the supporting ring in a rotating fit mode; two guide keys are symmetrically arranged on the inner circular surface of the ring sleeve; the execution rod is arranged in the ring sleeve in a sliding fit mode, one end of the execution rod penetrates through the threaded sleeve and enters the corresponding sliding groove of the fixed ring disc, and the other end of the execution rod penetrates through the corresponding rod hole of the ring shell; one end of the connecting swivel is arranged on the end surface of the actuating rod in the sliding groove, and the other end of the connecting swivel is provided with a clamping ring; the connecting discs are arranged in the corresponding sliding grooves in a sliding fit manner; one end of the disc spring is arranged on the bottom groove surface of the corresponding sliding groove, and the other end of the disc spring is arranged on the connecting disc; a rotary ring groove is formed on the disc surface of the connecting disc far away from the disc spring; the connecting disc is provided with a rotating ring cavity; the rotary ring groove is communicated with the rotary ring cavity; the clamping ring is positioned in the rotating ring cavity; the connecting swivel is positioned in the swivel groove; the outer circular surface of the middle section of the actuating rod is provided with an external thread; two guide grooves are symmetrically formed in the outer circular surface of the execution rod along the axial direction of the execution rod, and the outer thread is divided by the guide grooves; the two guide keys are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves; the internal thread of the thread bushing is matched with the external thread on the actuating rod.

The outer cambered surface of the smooth cambered plate is a smooth surface; the outer cambered surface of the friction cambered plate is a friction surface; the smooth surface of the smooth arc-shaped plate is matched with the inner circle surface of the ring shell; the friction surface of the friction arc-shaped plate is matched with the inner circular surface of the ring shell.

One end of the execution rod, which penetrates out of the corresponding rod hole of the ring shell, is matched with the corresponding hood hole of the hood sleeve.

The lower surface of the toothed ring is provided with a tooth; the outer circle surface of one end of the middle ring sleeve which does not enter the support ring of the anti-blocking mechanism is provided with a tooth; the teeth on the toothed ring are engaged with the teeth on the ring sleeve.

As a further improvement of the technology, the end of the actuating rod far away from the connecting swivel is provided with a conical end. The design is that when the actuating rod enters the blast cap hole in a rotating mode, the rotating conical end can easily break up coking blocks possibly existing in the blast cap hole; in addition, the design of the conical end is convenient for the actuating rod to better enter and exit the blast cap hole.

As a further improvement of the technology, the telescopic rod spring is an extension spring; when the heavy U-shaped block is not rotated, the telescopic rod spring is in an unstretched state.

As a further improvement of the technology, the diameter of the outer circular surface of the clamping ring is larger than that of the outer circular surface of the connecting rotating ring. Such design lies in, when connecting the swivel and drive the snap ring rotatory, the snap ring can not break away from in the swivel chamber of connecting the disc to guaranteed that the actuating lever can remain connected with the connecting disc throughout after connecting swivel and snap ring, just so can realize still can be connected with the connecting disc when the actuating lever is rotatory, and the connecting disc can not rotate.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the disc spring is an extension spring.

As a further improvement of the technology, when one end of the external thread on the actuating rod, which is close to the connecting rotating ring, is in threaded fit with the internal thread of the threaded sleeve, one end of the actuating rod, which is far away from the connecting rotating ring, is positioned in the corresponding hood hole of the hood sleeve, and the disc spring is in a stretching state.

As a further improvement of the present technique, the diameter of the outer circular surface of the actuating rod is equal to the diameter of the inner circular surface of the bonnet hole. The design is that when the actuating rod enters and exits the blast cap hole in a reciprocating mode, the outer circular surface of the actuating rod and the inner circular surface of the blast cap hole are always in a fit state, and the fine coal particles burnt at high temperature are prevented from entering the blast cap hole and being coked, and then the blast cap hole is prevented from being blocked.

In the invention, after the turbine is blown by wind, the turbine can rotate anticlockwise, and then the turbine drives the rotating shaft to rotate anticlockwise.

For the second one-way clutch ring, the second one-way clutch ring is composed of a one-way inner ring and a one-way outer ring, when the rotating shaft drives the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring to rotate anticlockwise, the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring drives the one-way outer ring of the second one-way clutch ring to rotate anticlockwise, and at the moment, the volute spiral spring is compressed to store energy; when the compressed volute spiral spring releases the stored energy, the one-way outer ring of the second one-way clutch ring drives the rotating shaft to rotate clockwise through the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring; when the scroll spring releases the stored energy and returns to the natural state, the rotating shaft still rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft continues to drive the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring to rotate clockwise, and the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring surpasses the one-way outer ring of the second one-way clutch ring in the state. In a word, when the rotating shaft rotates anticlockwise, the rotating shaft enables the scroll spring to be compressed and store energy through the second one-way clutch ring; when the volute spiral spring is reset, the second one-way clutch ring drives the rotating shaft to rotate clockwise; when the spiral spring returns to the natural state, the rotating shaft can continue to rotate clockwise.

For the first one-way clutch ring and the flywheel: the first one-way clutch ring is composed of a one-way inner ring and a one-way outer ring, when the rotating shaft rotates anticlockwise, the one-way inner ring of the first one-way clutch ring exceeds the one-way outer ring of the first one-way clutch ring, and therefore the flywheel cannot rotate due to anticlockwise rotation of the rotating shaft; when the rotating shaft rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft can drive the flywheel to rotate clockwise through the one-way inner ring of the first one-way clutch ring and the one-way outer ring of the first one-way clutch ring; when the torque provided by the clockwise rotation of the flywheel is larger than the torque provided by the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft, the flywheel can be used as a driving source, and the flywheel can drive the rotating shaft to continuously maintain the clockwise rotation through the one-way outer ring of the first one-way clutch ring and the one-way inner ring of the first one-way clutch ring. In a word, when the rotating shaft rotates anticlockwise, the rotating shaft cannot drive the flywheel to rotate through the first one-way clutch ring; when the rotating shaft rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft drives the flywheel to rotate clockwise through the first one-way clutch ring.

For the speed change mechanism: the pivot drives the telescopic link rotation through the second axle sleeve, and the telescopic link drives heavy U type piece, articulated piece and the rotation of arc balance plate. A hinge point is formed by the heavy U-shaped block, the pin and the hinge block, and the hinge block can swing around the hinge point. The outer cambered surface of the smooth cambered plate is a smooth surface, and the outer cambered surface of the friction cambered plate is a friction surface; the smooth surface of smooth arc cooperatees with the interior disc of ring shell, and the friction surface of friction arc and the interior disc matched with effect of ring shell are: firstly, when the telescopic rod rotates anticlockwise quickly, under the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block drives the hinge block and the arc-shaped swing plate to approach the inner circular surface of the annular shell; when the arc swing plate and the interior disc contact of ring shell appear, because the telescopic link lasts for the anticlockwise power of dialling for heavy U type piece, so articulated piece is around the pin joint to the swing of clockwise, and smooth arc in the arc swing plate contacts with the interior disc of ring shell, because the extrados of smooth arc is the smooth surface, does not receive the resistance basically during so arc swing plate anticlockwise rotation, has guaranteed that the pivot can anticlockwise fast revolution. Secondly, when the telescopic rod rotates clockwise to reach a certain speed, under the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block drives the hinge block and the arc-shaped swing plate to approach the inner circular surface of the annular shell; when the arc swing plate and the interior disc contact of ring shell appear, because the telescopic link lasts for a clockwise power of dialling of heavy U type piece, so articulated piece is around pin joint to anticlockwise swing, and the friction arc in the arc swing plate contacts with the interior disc of ring shell, because the extrados of friction arc is the friction surface, so the resistance is great when the arc swing plate clockwise turning for the pivot can't last to keep quick clockwise turning.

The lower surface of the toothed ring is provided with a tooth, the outer circular surface of one end of the anti-blocking mechanism, which is not inserted into the support ring, of the ring sleeve is provided with a tooth, and the tooth meshed with the tooth of the ring sleeve on the toothed ring is used for: the rotating shaft drives the gear ring to rotate through the first shaft sleeve and the connecting plate, and the gear ring drives the ring sleeve to rotate.

For the anti-blocking mechanism: a rotary ring groove is formed in the disc surface of the connecting disc, which is far away from the disc spring, a rotary ring cavity is formed in the connecting disc, the rotary ring groove is communicated with the rotary ring cavity, the clamping ring is positioned in the rotary ring cavity, and the connecting rotary ring is positioned in the rotary ring groove; in the process of rotation of the executing rod, the executing rod drives the clamping ring to rotate through the connecting rotating rod, the clamping ring cannot drive the connecting disc to rotate, and therefore when the rotating executing rod moves axially, the connecting disc can move axially along with the executing rod and cannot rotate. The guide groove and the guide key are designed in such a way that the ring sleeve can drive the actuating rod to rotate through the guide key, and the guide key slides in the guide groove relatively when the actuating rod moves axially. Two guide keys are arranged in two guide grooves respectively, and the internal thread of the thread bush and the external thread matched with effect on the actuating rod are as follows: firstly, when the ring gear rotates anticlockwise, the ring gear drives the execution rod to rotate anticlockwise through the ring sleeve and the guide key, the execution rod drives the connecting disc to move towards the direction of the disc spring along the axial direction of the execution rod under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve and the external thread on the execution rod, and the disc spring gradually restores to a natural state. Secondly, when the ring gear rotates clockwise, the ring gear drives the actuating rod to rotate clockwise through the ring sleeve and the guide key, the actuating rod drives the connecting disc to move in the direction far away from the disc spring along the axial direction of the actuating rod under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve and the external thread on the actuating rod, and the disc spring is stretched. Thirdly, after the external thread on the actuating rod is separated from the thread sleeve, the internal thread of the thread sleeve is not in thread fit with the external thread on the actuating rod any longer, and the axial movement of the actuating rod cannot be influenced by the rotation of the actuating rod.

When air is not blown into the hood sleeve, the turbine does not rotate, the rotating shaft does not rotate, and the volute spiral spring is not compressed; the heavy U-shaped block does not rotate, and the telescopic rod spring is in an unstretched state; one end of each of the eight actuating rods, which is provided with a conical end, penetrates through the eight hood holes; one end of the external thread on the actuating rod, which is close to the connecting rotating ring, is in threaded fit with the internal thread of the threaded sleeve, and the disc spring is in a stretching state.

The maximum compression amount of the spiral spring is set to be 10 circles, and after the rotating speed of the rotating shaft reaches V0, the centrifugal force generated by the heavy U-shaped block is enough to enable the arc-shaped swinging plate to be in contact with the inner circular surface of the annular shell.

When high-pressure and high-speed air is blown into the hood sleeve, the turbine rotates rapidly, and the turbine drives the rotating shaft to rotate rapidly. The turbine rotates anticlockwise after being blown by wind, and the turbine drives the rotating shaft to rotate anticlockwise quickly. When the rotating shaft rotates anticlockwise quickly, the rotating shaft enables the volute spiral spring to be compressed and store energy through the second one-way clutch ring, and the rotating shaft cannot drive the flywheel to rotate through the first one-way clutch ring. The rotating shaft drives the arc-shaped swinging plate to rapidly rotate anticlockwise through the second shaft sleeve, the telescopic rod, the heavy U-shaped block and the hinge joint, when the telescopic rod drives the heavy U-shaped block to rapidly rotate anticlockwise, the rotating speed of the heavy U-shaped block is higher than V0, under the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block drives the hinge joint block and the arc-shaped swinging plate to approach the inner circular surface of the annular shell; when the arc swing plate and the interior disc contact of ring shell appear, because the telescopic link lasts for the anticlockwise power of dialling for heavy U type piece, so articulated piece is around the pin joint to the swing of clockwise, and smooth arc in the arc swing plate contacts with the interior disc of ring shell, because the extrados of smooth arc is the smooth surface, does not receive the resistance basically during so arc swing plate anticlockwise rotation, has guaranteed that the pivot can anticlockwise fast revolution. The rotating shaft drives the gear ring to rotate quickly anticlockwise through the first shaft sleeve and the connecting plate, the ring gear drives the executing rod to rotate quickly anticlockwise through the ring sleeve and the guide key, the executing rod drives the connecting disc to move quickly to the direction of the disc spring along the axial direction of the executing rod under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve and the external thread on the executing rod, one end of the executing rod with a conical end is separated from the blast cap hole quickly, and the disc spring is restored to a natural state gradually. When the volute spiral spring is compressed to 10 circles at the maximum, the turbine can not drive the rotating shaft to rotate anticlockwise any more, the actuating rod drives the connecting disc to move to the maximum in the direction of the disc spring, and the disc spring is in a natural state; the conical end of the actuating rod is completely separated from the air cap hole, and a certain distance is reserved between the conical end and the inner circular surface of the air cap sleeve, so that high-pressure and high-speed air can emerge from the air cap hole, and the ventilation capacity of a normal air cap in the circulating fluidized bed boiler is met.

When the circulating fluidized bed boiler is shut down or coked, the blowing of the blast cap needs to be stopped, and the condition that the blast cap hole in the blast cap is most easily blocked is the coking condition. Taking the coking of the circulating fluidized bed boiler as an example: when the blast cap stops blowing, the scroll spring releases the stored energy, the scroll spring resets, and the second one-way clutch belt drives the rotating shaft to rotate clockwise. When the rotating shaft rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft drives the flywheel to rotate clockwise through the first one-way clutch ring, and the rotating shaft drives the ring sleeve to rotate clockwise through the first shaft sleeve, the connecting plate and the gear ring, so that the rotating shaft is subjected to resistance from the rotation of the flywheel and the rotation of the ring sleeve after rotating clockwise, and the volute spiral spring cannot release energy quickly but slowly releases energy. When the rotating shaft rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft drives the flywheel to rotate clockwise through the first one-way clutch ring.

The rotation resistance of the ring sleeve is set to be F0, the initial reset force of the spiral spring is set to be F1, the middle-term reset force of the spiral spring is set to be F2, and the later-term reset force of the spiral spring is set to be F3.

When the initial reset force F1 is greater than the rotational resistance F0 at the beginning of the reset of the wrap spring, the flywheel gains an acceleration, and the acceleration of the flywheel gradually decreases as the initial reset F1 decreases. After the flywheel obtains the acceleration, the flywheel starts to accelerate slowly from zero, so that the speed is limited to accelerate slowly from zero when the rotating shaft rotates clockwise. Because the rotating shaft drives the heavy U-shaped block through the second shaft sleeve, the rotating speed is less than V0, so the arc swing plate can not contact with the inner circular surface of the annular shell. When the volute spiral spring is reset to the middle stage, the middle-stage reset force F2 is equal to the rotation resistance F0, the acceleration of the flywheel is zero, the rotation speed of the flywheel reaches the maximum, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft also reaches the maximum, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft driving the heavy U-shaped block through the second shaft sleeve is possibly smaller than V0 or larger than V0. When the rotating speed of the rotating shaft which drives the heavy U-shaped block through the second shaft sleeve is lower than V0, the arc swing plate cannot be in contact with the inner circular surface of the annular shell, and the speed of the rotating shaft cannot be fast; when the rotating shaft drives the heavy U-shaped block through the second shaft sleeve to rotate at a speed higher than V0, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block drives the hinge block and the arc swing plate to approach the inner circular surface of the annular shell; when the arc swing plate and the interior disc contact of ring shell appear, because the telescopic link lasts for a clockwise power of dialling of heavy U type piece, so articulated piece is around the pin joint to anticlockwise swing, and the friction arc in the arc swing plate contacts with the interior disc of ring shell, because the extrados of friction arc is the friction surface, so the resistance is great when the arc swing plate clockwise turning, and the rotational speed of very fast heavy U type piece can be less than V0 for the pivot can't last to keep clockwise fast rotatory. When the volute spiral spring is reset to the later stage, the later stage reset force F3 is smaller than the rotation resistance F0, the acceleration of the flywheel is negative, then under the inertia of the rotation of the flywheel, the flywheel maintains the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft through the first one-way clutch ring, and the reset of the volute spiral spring plays a role in assisting the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft. When the spiral spring returns to the natural state, the spiral spring releases 10 circles, and the flywheel stores certain rotation energy. In the process of releasing 10 circles of the volute spiral spring, the rotating shaft drives the ring gear to rotate clockwise through the first shaft sleeve and the connecting plate, the ring gear drives the executing rod to rotate clockwise through the ring sleeve and the guide key, the executing rod drives the connecting disc to move in the direction far away from the disc spring along the axial direction of the executing rod under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve and the external thread on the executing rod, and the disc spring is stretched. After 10 coils of the volute spiral spring are released, the conical end of the actuating rod penetrates through the air cap hole in a rotating mode. After the volute spiral spring releases 10 circles, the flywheel stores certain rotation energy, so that the flywheel still continues to maintain the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft for a period of time through the first one-way clutch ring until the flywheel consumes the rotation energy. In the process that the flywheel consumes the rotation energy, the ring teeth continue to drive the execution rod to rotate clockwise through the ring sleeve and the guide key, and the execution rod drives the connecting disc to move in the direction far away from the disc spring along the axial direction of the execution rod under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve and the external thread on the execution rod; after the external thread on the actuating rod is separated from the thread sleeve, the internal thread of the thread sleeve is not in thread fit with the external thread on the actuating rod any longer, the axial movement of the actuating rod cannot be influenced by the rotation of the actuating rod, and the disc spring is still in a stretching state at the moment.

After the flywheel consumes the rotational energy, the actuating lever is not rotated any more, under the tensile effect of disc spring, the connecting disc drives the actuating lever to move axially towards the direction of the disc spring through the snap ring and the connecting swivel ring until the external thread on the actuating lever is in threaded fit with the internal thread of the threaded sleeve again, so that the actuating lever can quickly move axially away from the hood hole when the turbine is blown to rotate next time.

After the blast cap stops blowing, the conical end of the actuating rod always moves towards the blast cap hole in a relatively slow axial movement until the conical end passes through the blast cap hole. In a word, after the blast cap is blown, the conical end of the actuating rod can be quickly separated from the blast cap hole due to the rotation of the turbine, after the blast cap stops blowing, the conical end of the actuating rod slowly penetrates through the blast cap hole in a rotating mode, certain time is needed for the conical end of the actuating rod to axially move from the maximum position far away from the annular shell to penetrate through the blast cap hole, and the high-temperature small-particle coal outside the blast cap begins to cool for one end of mutual adhesion. The design of the actuating rod slowly passing through the hood hole in a rotating manner is as follows: after coking and blowing are stopped and the blast cap stops blowing, the high-temperature small-particle coal in an adhesion state can easily enter the blast cap hole, and a plurality of small-particle coal are cooled and then converged into a coal cinder briquette along with the increase of the amount of the high-temperature small-particle coal entering the blast cap hole and the continuous decrease of the temperature of the coal, so that the blast cap hole can be blocked; the actuating rod slowly penetrates through the blast cap hole in a rotating mode, so that high-temperature small-particle coal entering the blast cap hole can be extruded out, and a small space without high-temperature small-particle coal accumulation can be formed by the rotating actuating rod outside the blast cap hole; after the execution rod stops acting, the high-temperature small-particle coal near the small space without high-temperature small-particle coal aggregation is cooled for a period of time and adhered to each other, so that the high-temperature small-particle coal near the outside of the blast cap hole is prevented from entering the blast cap hole, the condition that the blast cap hole is blocked is finally avoided, even the malignant phenomenon that the blast cap cannot be reused due to complete blockage is avoided, and the service life of the blast cap is prolonged.

Compared with the traditional hood technology, the turbine drives the rotating shaft to rotate after being blown by wind, and the volute spiral spring is compressed to store energy; after the turbine rotates by blowing, an actuating rod in the anti-blocking mechanism can be quickly separated from a blast cap hole, so that the blast cap can be normally ventilated. After the blast cap stops blowing, the spiral spring releases energy; the flywheel is designed to slow down the release speed of the volute spiral spring and ensure that the rotating shaft drives the ring sleeve to rotate slowly through the first shaft sleeve, the connecting plate and the toothed ring; an actuating rod in the anti-blocking mechanism can slowly penetrate through the hood hole in a rotating mode, so that the actuating rod can be ensured to extrude the high-temperature small-particle coal in the hood hole, and the rotating actuating rod can rotate out a small space without high-temperature small-particle coal aggregation; after the execution rod stops acting, the high-temperature small-particle coal near the small space without high-temperature small-particle coal aggregation is cooled for a period of time and adhered to each other, so that the high-temperature small-particle coal near the outside of the blast cap hole is prevented from entering the blast cap hole, the condition that the blast cap hole is blocked is finally avoided, even the malignant phenomenon that the blast cap cannot be reused due to complete blockage is avoided, and the service life of the blast cap is prolonged. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the hood.

Fig. 2 is an overall sectional view of the hood.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the installation of the funnel cap.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view (a) of the entire hood.

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view (two) of the entire hood.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an actuator.

Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional elevation view of an actuator.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting of the toroid.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the installation of the anti-blocking mechanism.

Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the anti-blocking mechanism.

Fig. 11 is a partially enlarged schematic sectional view of the anti-clogging mechanism.

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a retaining ring plate.

Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a connecting disc.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the attachment swivel mounting.

Fig. 15 is a schematic sectional view of the attachment swivel mounting.

Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a collar installation.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the engagement of the toothed ring and the collar.

Fig. 18 is a gear ring installation schematic.

FIG. 19 is a top plan view of the shifter mechanism in cooperation with the ring housing.

Fig. 20 is a transmission mounting schematic.

Fig. 21 is a schematic view of a heavy U-block installation.

Fig. 22 is a schematic view of an arc-shaped swing plate structure.

FIG. 23 is a turbine installation schematic.

FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a turbine installation.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a scroll spring installation.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a blast cap cone cover; 2. a hood cover; 3. a hood hole; 4. fixing a column; 5. an actuator; 6. an anti-blocking mechanism; 7. a speed change mechanism; 8. a top disk; 9. a rotating shaft; 10. a turbine; 12. a first bushing; 13. a connecting plate; 14. a toothed ring; 15. a ring shell; 16. a support ring; 17. sleeving a ring; 18. a stationary ring plate; 19. an actuating lever; 20. a fixing plate; 21. a bottom disc; 22. a flywheel; 23. a first unidirectional clutch ring; 24. a second unidirectional clutch ring; 25. a volute spiral spring; 26. a second shaft sleeve; 27. a telescopic rod; 28. heavy U-shaped blocks; 29. an arc-shaped swinging plate; 30. a circular hole; 31. a rod hole; 32. a threaded sleeve; 33. a disc spring; 34. a sliding groove; 35. connecting the disks; 36. a snap ring; 37. connecting a swivel; 38. a guide key; 39. a guide groove; 40. an external thread; 41. a swivel cavity; 42. a rotary ring groove; 43. a tapered end; 44. a telescopic rod spring; 45. a smooth arc plate; 46. a friction arc plate; 47. a hinged block.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the wind cap comprises a wind cap conical cover 1, a wind cap sleeve 2, a wind cap hole 3, a fixed column 4 and an actuating mechanism 5, wherein as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the wind cap conical cover 1 is arranged on the outer circular surface of one end of the wind cap sleeve 2; as shown in fig. 3, eight blast cap holes 3 are uniformly formed on the outer circumferential surface of the blast cap sleeve 2 along the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 2 and 6, one end of a fixed column 4 is installed on the blast cap conical cover 1, and the other end is installed with an actuating mechanism 5; the actuating mechanism 5 is positioned in the hood sleeve 2, and the actuating mechanism 5 is matched with the hood hole 3 on the hood sleeve 2.

As shown in fig. 2, 6 and 7, the actuator 5 includes an anti-blocking mechanism 6, a speed changing mechanism 7, a top disk 8, a rotating shaft 9, a turbine 10, a first sleeve 12, a connecting plate 13, a toothed ring 14, a ring shell 15, a fixed ring disk 18, a bottom disk 21, a flywheel 22, a first one-way clutch ring 23, a second one-way clutch ring 24, a volute spring 25, a second sleeve 26, a circular hole 30, a rod hole 31 and a sliding groove 34, as shown in fig. 2 and 6, wherein the top disk 8 is mounted on one end of the fixed column 4 which is not connected with the cowl cone cover 1; as shown in fig. 8, a circular hole 30 is formed at the middle position of the top disk 8; one end of the annular shell 15 is arranged on the disc surface of the top disc 8 far away from the fixed column 4, and the other end is provided with a bottom disc 21; eight penetrating rod holes 31 are uniformly formed in the outer circular surface of the annular shell 15 along the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 7 and 23, one end of the rotating shaft 9 is mounted in the circular hole 30 of the top disc 8 through a bearing, and the other end penetrates through the bottom disc 21; one end of the rotating shaft 9 penetrating out of the bottom disc 21 is provided with a turbine 10, and the turbine 10 is positioned below the bottom disc 21; as shown in fig. 7 and 24, the first one-way clutch ring 23 and the second one-way clutch ring 24 are both mounted on the rotating shaft 9, and the second one-way clutch ring 24 is located between the first one-way clutch ring 23 and the top disk 8; the second one-way clutch ring 24 is close to the top disc 8; as shown in fig. 7 and 25, a spiral spring 25 is nested on the second one-way clutch ring 24, one end of the spiral spring 25 is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the second one-way clutch ring 24, and the other end is mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the ring housing 15; as shown in fig. 7 and 24, the flywheel 22 is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the first one-way clutch ring 23; as shown in fig. 7, 18 and 20, the first shaft sleeve 12 and the second shaft sleeve 26 are both fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 9, and the second shaft sleeve 26 is located between the first one-way clutch ring 23 and the first shaft sleeve 12; as shown in fig. 20, two speed change mechanisms 7 are symmetrically mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the second hub 26; as shown in fig. 18, four connecting plates 13 are uniformly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the first sleeve 12 in the circumferential direction; the toothed ring 14 is mounted on the end of the four connecting plates 13 not connected to the first bushing 12; as shown in fig. 12 and 18, the fixed ring plate 18 is installed at a middle position of the bottom circular plate 21, and the fixed ring plate 18 is located below the first hub 12; the rotating shaft 9 is positioned in the fixed ring disc 18; eight sliding grooves 34 are uniformly formed in the outer circular surface of the fixed ring disc 18 along the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 9, eight anti-blocking mechanisms 6 are respectively installed in the eight sliding grooves 34 of the fixed ring plate 18 and the fixed ring plate 18 uniformly in the circumferential direction; as shown in fig. 4, the toothed ring 14 is engaged with the anti-blocking mechanism 6; as shown in fig. 19, the speed change mechanism 7 is fitted to the inner circumferential surface of the ring case 15.

As shown in fig. 20, 21 and 22, the speed changing mechanism 7 comprises a telescopic rod 27, a heavy U-shaped block 28, an arc swinging plate 29, a telescopic rod spring 44, a smooth arc plate 45, a friction arc plate 46 and a hinge block 47, as shown in fig. 20, wherein one end of the telescopic rod 27 is mounted on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve 26, and the other end is mounted with the heavy U-shaped block 28; the telescopic rod spring 44 is nested on the telescopic rod 27, one end of the telescopic rod spring 44 is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve 26, and the other end of the telescopic rod spring 44 is arranged on the heavy U-shaped block 28; as shown in fig. 20, 21 and 22, one end of the hinge block 47 is mounted in the heavy U-shaped block 28 by a pin, and the other end is mounted with the arc-shaped swing plate 29; as shown in fig. 22, the arcuate swing plate 29 is formed of a smooth arcuate plate 45 and a friction arcuate plate 46.

As shown in fig. 9, 11 and 17, the anti-blocking mechanism 6 includes a support ring 16, a ring sleeve 17, an actuating rod 19, a fixing plate 20, a threaded sleeve 32, a disc spring 33, a connecting disc 35, a snap ring 36, a connecting swivel 37, a guide key 38, a guide groove 39, an external thread 40, a swivel cavity 41 and a swivel groove 42, as shown in fig. 9 and 12, wherein the threaded sleeve 32 is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed ring disc 18, and the threaded sleeve 32 is communicated with the corresponding sliding groove 34; the threaded sleeve 32 has an internal thread on its inner circumferential surface; as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the support ring 16 is mounted on the bottom disc 21 through the fixing plate 20, and the position of the support ring 16 corresponds to the position of the threaded sleeve 32; the ring sleeve 17 is arranged in the support ring 16 in a rotating fit mode; two guide keys 38 are symmetrically arranged on the inner circular surface of the ring sleeve 17; as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the actuating rod 19 is installed in the ring sleeve 17 in a sliding fit manner, and one end of the actuating rod 19 passes through the threaded sleeve 32 and enters the corresponding sliding groove 34 of the fixed ring disc 18, and the other end passes through the corresponding rod hole 31 of the ring shell 15; as shown in fig. 14 and 15, one end of the connecting swivel 37 is mounted on the end surface of the actuating rod 19 in the sliding groove 34, and the other end is mounted with the snap ring 36; as shown in fig. 11 and 13, the connecting discs 35 are fitted into the corresponding sliding grooves 34 by means of a sliding fit; one end of the disc spring 33 is mounted on the bottom groove surface of the corresponding sliding groove 34, and the other end is mounted on the connecting disc 35; a rotary ring groove 42 is arranged on the disc surface of the connecting disc 35 away from the disc spring 33; the connecting disc 35 has a swivel chamber 41 therein; the rotary ring groove 42 is communicated with the rotary ring cavity 41; as shown in fig. 11, 13, 15, the snap ring 36 is located in the swivel cavity 41; the connecting swivel 37 is positioned in the swivel groove 42; as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the outer circular surface of the middle section of the actuating rod 19 is provided with an external thread 40; two guide grooves 39 are symmetrically formed in the outer circular surface of the actuating rod 19 along the axial direction of the actuating rod 19, and the outer thread 40 is divided by the guide grooves 39; as shown in fig. 11, 15 and 16, two guide keys 38 are respectively located in the two guide grooves 39; the internal threads of the threaded sleeve 32 mate with the external threads 40 on the actuating rod 19.

As shown in fig. 19, the outer arc surface of the smooth arc plate 45 is a smooth surface; the outer arc surface of the friction arc plate 46 is a friction surface; the smooth surface of the smooth arc-shaped plate 45 is matched with the inner circular surface of the annular shell 15; the friction surface of the friction arc 46 cooperates with the inner circumferential surface of the ring housing 15.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the end of the actuating rod 19, which penetrates through the corresponding rod hole 31 of the ring shell 15, is matched with the corresponding hood hole 3 of the hood cover 2.

As shown in fig. 17, the lower surface of the ring gear 14 has a mesh; the outer circle surface of one end of the ring sleeve 17 which does not enter the supporting ring 16 in the anti-blocking mechanism 6 is provided with a tooth; the teeth on the toothed ring 14 engage with the teeth of the collar 17.

As shown in fig. 14, the end of the actuating rod 19 remote from the connecting swivel 37 has a tapered end 43. This is designed in such a way that, when the actuating rod 19 is introduced into the tuyere cap bore 3 in a rotating manner, the rotating conical end 43 can easily break up any coke cake that may be present in the tuyere cap bore 3; in addition, the design of the conical end 43 also facilitates better access of the actuating rod 19 to the bonnet hole 3.

The telescopic rod spring 44 is an extension spring; when the heavy U-shaped block 28 is not rotated, the telescoping rod spring 44 is in an unstretched state.

As shown in fig. 15, the diameter of the outer circumferential surface of the retainer ring 36 is larger than that of the outer circumferential surface of the connecting swivel ring 37. The design is that when the connecting swivel 37 drives the snap ring 36 to rotate, the snap ring 36 cannot be separated from the swivel cavity 41 of the connecting disc 35, so that the actuating rod 19 can be always connected with the connecting disc 35 after being connected with the swivel 37 and the snap ring 36, the actuating rod 19 can still be connected with the connecting disc 35 while rotating, and the connecting disc 35 cannot rotate.

The disc spring 33 is an extension spring.

When the end of the external thread 40 of the actuating rod 19 close to the connecting swivel 37 is screwed with the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 as shown in fig. 11, the end of the actuating rod 19 remote from the connecting swivel 37 is located in the corresponding hood hole 3 of the hood 2 as shown in fig. 3 and 5, and the disc spring 33 is in a stretched state.

The diameter of the outer circular surface of the actuating rod 19 is equal to the diameter of the inner circular surface of the hood aperture 3. The design is that when the actuating rod 19 reciprocates in and out of the hood hole 3, the outer circular surface of the actuating rod 19 can be always kept in a fit state with the inner circular surface of the hood hole 3, and the blockage of the hood hole 3 caused by fine coal particles burnt at high temperature after entering the hood hole 3 and coking is prevented.

In the invention, after the turbine 10 is blown by wind, the turbine 10 can rotate anticlockwise, and then the turbine 10 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate anticlockwise.

As shown in fig. 25, for the second one-way clutch ring 24, the second one-way clutch ring 24 is composed of a one-way inner ring and a one-way outer ring, when the rotating shaft 9 drives the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 to rotate counterclockwise, the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 drives the one-way outer ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 to rotate counterclockwise, and at this time, the spiral spring 25 is compressed to store energy; when the compressed volute spiral spring 25 releases the stored energy, the one-way outer ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate clockwise through the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24; after the scroll spring 25 releases the stored energy and returns to the natural state, the rotating shaft 9 still rotates clockwise, so that the rotating shaft 9 continues to drive the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 to rotate clockwise, and the one-way inner ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 surpasses the one-way outer ring of the second one-way clutch ring 24 in this state. In summary, when the rotating shaft 9 rotates counterclockwise, the rotating shaft 9 causes the spiral spring 25 to be compressed and stored energy through the second one-way clutch ring 24; when the volute spiral spring 25 is reset, the second one-way clutch ring 24 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate clockwise; when the spiral spring 25 is restored to the natural state, the rotation shaft 9 may continue to rotate clockwise.

As shown in fig. 24, for the first one-way clutch ring 23 and the flywheel 22: the first one-way clutch ring 23 is composed of a one-way inner ring and a one-way outer ring, when the rotating shaft 9 rotates counterclockwise, the one-way inner ring of the first one-way clutch ring 23 surpasses the one-way outer ring of the first one-way clutch ring 23, so that the flywheel 22 cannot rotate due to the counterclockwise rotation of the rotating shaft 9; when the rotating shaft 9 rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft 9 can drive the flywheel 22 to rotate clockwise through the one-way inner ring of the first one-way clutch ring 23 and the one-way outer ring of the first one-way clutch ring 23; when the torque provided by the clockwise rotation of the flywheel 22 is greater than the torque provided by the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft 9, the flywheel 22 can be used as a driving source, and the flywheel 22 can drive the rotating shaft 9 to continuously maintain the clockwise rotation through the unidirectional outer ring of the first unidirectional engaging ring 23 and the unidirectional inner ring of the first unidirectional engaging ring 23. In a word, when the rotating shaft 9 rotates counterclockwise, the rotating shaft 9 cannot drive the flywheel 22 to rotate through the first one-way clutch ring 23; when the rotating shaft 9 rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft 9 drives the flywheel 22 to rotate clockwise through the first one-way clutch ring 23.

As shown in fig. 19, for the shift mechanism 7: the rotating shaft 9 drives the telescopic rod 27 to rotate through the second shaft sleeve 26, and the telescopic rod 27 drives the heavy U-shaped block 28, the hinge block 47 and the arc-shaped swinging plate 29 to rotate. A hinge point is formed by the heavy U-shaped block 28, the pin and the hinge block 47, and the hinge block 47 can swing around the hinge point. The outer arc surface of the smooth arc-shaped plate 45 is a smooth surface, and the outer arc surface of the friction arc-shaped plate 46 is a friction surface; the smooth surface of the smooth arc plate 45 is matched with the inner circular surface of the ring shell 15, and the matching effect of the friction surface of the friction arc plate 46 and the inner circular surface of the ring shell 15 is as follows: firstly, when the telescopic rod 27 rotates counterclockwise rapidly, under the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28 overcomes the resistance of the tension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block 28 drives the hinge block 47 and the arc-shaped swing plate 29 to approach the inner circumferential surface of the annular shell 15; when arc swinging plate 29 and the interior disc contact of ring shell 15 appear, because telescopic link 27 continuously for a anticlockwise power of dialling of heavy U type piece 28, so articulated piece 47 is around the pin joint to the swing of clockwise, smooth arc shaped plate 45 among the arc swinging plate 29 contacts with the interior disc of ring shell 15, because the extrados of smooth arc shaped plate 45 is the smooth surface, so do not receive the resistance basically during arc swinging plate 29 anticlockwise rotation, guaranteed that pivot 9 can anticlockwise quick rotation. Secondly, when the telescopic rod 27 rotates clockwise to reach a certain speed, under the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28 overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block 28 drives the hinge block 47 and the arc-shaped swing plate 29 to approach the inner circular surface of the annular shell 15; when arc swing plate 29 and the interior disc contact of ring shell 15 appear, because telescopic link 27 lasts for giving heavy U type piece 28 a clockwise power of dialling, so articulated piece 47 is swung to the anticlockwise around the pin joint, and friction arc 46 among the arc swing plate 29 contacts with the interior disc of ring shell 15, because the extrados of friction arc 46 is the friction surface, so resistance is great when arc swing plate 29 clockwise turning for pivot 9 can't continuously keep quick clockwise turning.

As shown in fig. 17, the lower surface of the toothed ring 14 has a tooth, and the outer circumferential surface of one end of the ring 17 not entering the supporting ring 16 in the anti-blocking mechanism 6 has a tooth, and the tooth on the toothed ring 14 is engaged with the tooth of the ring 17 for the following purposes: the rotating shaft 9 drives the gear ring 14 to rotate through the first shaft sleeve 12 and the connecting plate 13, and the gear ring 14 drives the ring sleeve 17 to rotate.

For the anti-blocking mechanism 6: a rotary ring groove 42 is formed in the disc surface of the connecting disc 35, which is far away from the disc spring 33, a rotary ring cavity 41 is formed in the connecting disc 35, the rotary ring groove 42 is communicated with the rotary ring cavity 41, the clamping ring 36 is positioned in the rotary ring cavity 41, and the connecting rotary ring 37 is positioned in the rotary ring groove 42; then, during the rotation of the actuating rod 19, the actuating rod 19 drives the snap ring 36 to rotate via the connecting rotating rod, and the snap ring 36 does not drive the connecting disc 35 to rotate, so that it can be ensured that the connecting disc 35 moves axially along with the actuating rod 19 and does not rotate when the rotating actuating rod 19 moves axially. The guide groove 39 and the guide key 38 are designed in such a way that the collar 17 can rotate the actuating rod 19 via the guide key 38, while the guide key 38 slides in the guide groove 39 relative to one another when the actuating rod 19 is moved axially. Two guide keys 38 are respectively located in two guide grooves 39, and the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 cooperates with an external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19: firstly, when the ring gear rotates counterclockwise, the ring gear drives the actuating rod 19 to rotate counterclockwise through the ring sleeve 17 and the guide key 38, and under the threaded fit between the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 and the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, the actuating rod 19 drives the connecting disc 35 to move toward the disc spring 33 along the axial direction of the actuating rod 19, and the disc spring 33 gradually returns to a natural state. Secondly, when the ring gear rotates clockwise, the ring gear drives the actuating rod 19 to rotate clockwise via the ring sleeve 17 and the guide key 38, and under the threaded fit between the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 and the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, the actuating rod 19 drives the connecting disc 35 to move in the direction away from the disc spring 33 along the axial direction of the actuating rod 19, and the disc spring 33 is stretched. Third, when the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19 is disengaged from the threaded sleeve 32, the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 is no longer threadedly engaged with the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, and the rotation of the actuating rod 19 does not affect the axial movement of the actuating rod 19.

The specific implementation mode is as follows: when air is not blown into the hood sleeve 2, the turbine 10 does not rotate, the rotating shaft 9 does not rotate, and the spiral spring 25 is not compressed; the heavy U-shaped block 28 is not rotated, and the telescopic rod spring 44 is in an unstretched state; one end of the eight actuating rods 19 with the conical end 43 penetrates out of the eight hood holes 3; the end of the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19 close to the connecting swivel 37 is screwed into the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32, and the disc spring 33 is in tension.

Setting the maximum compression amount of the spiral spring 25 to 10 turns, the centrifugal force generated by the heavy U-shaped block 28 is enough to bring the arc-shaped swing plate 29 into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the ring housing 15 after the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 9 reaches V0.

When high-pressure and high-speed air is blown into the hood sleeve 2, the turbine 10 rotates rapidly, and the turbine 10 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate rapidly. As shown in fig. 23 and 24, assuming that the turbine 10 rotates counterclockwise after being blown by wind, the turbine 10 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate counterclockwise rapidly. As shown in fig. 24 and 25, when the rotating shaft 9 rotates counterclockwise rapidly, the rotating shaft 9 causes the spiral spring 25 to be compressed and store energy through the second one-way clutch ring 24, and the rotating shaft 9 cannot drive the flywheel 22 to rotate through the first one-way clutch ring 23. As shown in fig. 19, the rotating shaft 9 drives the arc-shaped swing plate 29 to rotate rapidly counterclockwise through the second shaft sleeve 26, the telescopic rod 27, the heavy U-shaped block 28 and the hinge, when the telescopic rod 27 drives the heavy U-shaped block 28 to rotate rapidly counterclockwise, the rotation speed of the heavy U-shaped block 28 is higher than V0, under the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28 overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block 28 drives the hinge block 47 and the arc-shaped swing plate 29 to approach the inner circumferential surface of the annular shell 15; when arc swinging plate 29 and the interior disc contact of ring shell 15 appear, because telescopic link 27 continuously for a anticlockwise power of dialling of heavy U type piece 28, so articulated piece 47 is around the pin joint to the swing of clockwise, smooth arc shaped plate 45 among the arc swinging plate 29 contacts with the interior disc of ring shell 15, because the extrados of smooth arc shaped plate 45 is the smooth surface, so do not receive the resistance basically during arc swinging plate 29 anticlockwise rotation, guaranteed that pivot 9 can anticlockwise quick rotation. As shown in fig. 17 and 18, the rotating shaft 9 drives the toothed ring 14 to rotate rapidly counterclockwise through the first shaft sleeve 12 and the connecting plate 13, the ring teeth drive the actuating rod 19 to rotate rapidly counterclockwise through the ring sleeve 17 and the guide key 38, the actuating rod 19 drives the connecting disc 35 to move rapidly along the axial direction of the actuating rod 19 toward the direction of the disc spring 33 under the threaded engagement between the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 and the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, the end of the actuating rod 19 having the tapered end 43 is disengaged from the hood hole 3 rapidly, and the disc spring 33 gradually returns to the natural state. When the volute spiral spring 25 is compressed to 10 circles at the maximum, the turbine 10 can not drive the rotating shaft 9 to rotate anticlockwise any more, at the moment, the actuating rod 19 drives the connecting disc 35 to move to the maximum in the direction of the disc spring 33, and the disc spring 33 is in a natural state; the conical end 43 of the actuating rod 19 is completely separated from the hood hole 3, and the conical end 43 has a certain distance with the inner circular surface of the hood sleeve 2, so that high-pressure and high-speed air can be ensured to emerge from the hood hole 3, and the ventilation capacity of a normal hood of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is met.

When the circulating fluidized bed boiler is shut down or coked, the blowing of the blast cap needs to be stopped, and the condition that the blast cap holes 3 in the blast cap are most easily blocked is the condition of encountering coking. Taking the coking of the circulating fluidized bed boiler as an example: when the blast cap stops blowing, the scroll spring 25 releases the stored energy, the scroll spring 25 resets, and the second one-way clutch ring 24 drives the rotating shaft 9 to rotate clockwise. When the rotating shaft 9 rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft 9 drives the flywheel 22 to rotate clockwise through the first one-way clutch ring 23, and the rotating shaft 9 drives the ring sleeve 17 to rotate clockwise through the first shaft sleeve 12, the connecting plate 13 and the gear ring 14, so that the resistance from the rotation of the flywheel 22 and the rotation of the ring sleeve 17 is applied to the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft 9, and the volute spiral spring 25 cannot release energy quickly but release energy slowly. When the rotating shaft 9 rotates clockwise, the rotating shaft 9 drives the flywheel 22 to rotate clockwise through the first one-way clutch ring 23

The rotation resistance of the ring sleeve 17 is set to be F0, the initial reset force of the scroll spring 25 is set to be F1, the middle-term reset force of the scroll spring 25 is set to be F2, and the later-term reset force of the scroll spring 25 is set to be F3.

When the wrap spring 25 is just reset, the initial reset force F1 is greater than the rotational resistance F0, and the flywheel 22 obtains an acceleration, and the acceleration of the flywheel 22 is gradually reduced as the initial reset F1 is reduced. After the flywheel 22 obtains the acceleration, the flywheel 22 starts to accelerate slowly from zero, which defines that the speed starts to accelerate slowly from zero when the rotating shaft 9 rotates clockwise. Since the rotating shaft 9 drives the heavy U-shaped block 28 through the second bushing 26 at a rotating speed less than V0, the arc swing plate 29 does not contact the inner circular surface of the ring shell 15. When the spiral spring 25 is returned to the middle stage, the middle-stage returning force F2 is equal to the rotational resistance F0, the acceleration of the flywheel 22 is zero, the rotational speed of the flywheel 22 is maximized, the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 9 is also maximized, and the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 9 driving the heavy U-shaped block 28 through the second bushing 26 may be less than V0 or greater than V0. When the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 9 which drives the heavy U-shaped block 28 through the second shaft sleeve 26 is lower than V0, the arc swing plate 29 cannot be in contact with the inner circular surface of the annular shell 15, and the speed of the rotating shaft 9 cannot be fast; when the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 9 which drives the heavy U-shaped block 28 through the second shaft sleeve 26 is higher than V0, the centrifugal force of the heavy U-shaped block 28 overcomes the resistance of the extension spring, and the heavy U-shaped block 28 drives the hinge block 47 and the arc-shaped swing plate 29 to approach the inner circular surface of the annular shell 15; when the arc swing plate 29 contacts with the inner circular surface of the ring shell 15, the telescopic rod 27 continuously provides clockwise pulling force for the heavy U-shaped block 28, so the hinged block 47 swings around the hinged point in the counterclockwise direction, the friction arc plate 46 in the arc swing plate 29 contacts with the inner circular surface of the ring shell 15, and the outer circular surface of the friction arc plate 46 is a friction surface, so the resistance is large when the arc swing plate 29 rotates clockwise, the rotating speed of the heavy U-shaped block 28 is less than V0 soon, and the rotating shaft 9 cannot continuously keep rotating clockwise quickly. When the volute spiral spring 25 is reset to the later stage, the later stage reset force F3 is smaller than the rotation resistance F0, the acceleration of the flywheel 22 is negative, then under the inertia of the rotation of the flywheel 22, the flywheel 22 maintains the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft 9 through the first one-way clutch ring 23, and the reset of the volute spiral spring 25 plays a role in assisting the clockwise rotation of the rotating shaft 9. When the spiral spring 25 returns to the natural state, the spiral spring 25 releases 10 turns, and the flywheel 22 stores a certain amount of rotational energy. During the process of releasing 10 circles of the spiral spring 25, the rotating shaft 9 drives the ring gear to rotate clockwise through the first shaft sleeve 12 and the connecting plate 13, the ring gear drives the actuating rod 19 to rotate clockwise through the ring sleeve 17 and the guide key 38, under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 and the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, the actuating rod 19 drives the connecting disc 35 to move in the direction away from the disc spring 33 along the axial direction of the actuating rod 19, and the disc spring 33 is stretched. After 10 revolutions of scroll spring 25 have been released, tapered end 43 of actuator rod 19 is rotatably threaded through bonnet bore 3. Since the flywheel 22 stores a certain amount of rotational energy after the spiral spring 25 releases 10 turns, the flywheel 22 still continues to rotate clockwise the rotating shaft 9 through the first one-way clutch ring 23 for a while until the flywheel 22 consumes the rotational energy. In the process that the flywheel 22 consumes the rotation energy, the ring teeth continue to drive the actuating rod 19 to rotate clockwise through the ring sleeve 17 and the guide key 38, and under the threaded matching of the internal thread of the thread sleeve 32 and the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, the actuating rod 19 drives the connecting disc 35 to move along the axial direction of the actuating rod 19 to the direction far away from the disc spring 33; after the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19 is disengaged from the threaded sleeve 32, the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 is no longer in threaded engagement with the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19, the axial movement of the actuating rod 19 is not affected by the rotation of the actuating rod 19, and the disc spring 33 is still in a stretched state.

After the flywheel 22 consumes the rotation energy, the actuating rod 19 does not rotate any more, and under the stretching action of the disc spring 33, the connecting disc 35 drives the actuating rod 19 to axially move towards the disc spring 33 through the snap ring 36 and the connecting swivel ring 37 until the external thread 40 on the actuating rod 19 is in threaded fit with the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 32 again, so that the actuating rod 19 can rapidly axially move and disengage from the hood hole 3 when the turbine 10 is blown to rotate next time.

After the wind cap stops blowing, the conical end 43 of the actuating rod 19 always moves in a relatively slow axial movement towards the wind cap hole 3 until the conical end 43 passes through the wind cap hole 3. In summary, after the blast cap is blown, the rotation of the turbine 10 enables the tapered end 43 of the actuating rod 19 to be quickly detached from the blast cap hole 3, after the blast cap stops blowing, the tapered end 43 of the actuating rod 19 slowly passes through the blast cap hole 3 in a rotating manner, and it takes a certain time for the tapered end 43 of the actuating rod 19 to axially move through the blast cap hole 3 from the maximum position away from the annular shell 15, during which time the high-temperature small-particle coal outside the blast cap has started to cool down and adhere to each other. The slow passage of the actuating rod 19 through the hood hole 3 in a rotating manner is designed in such a way that: after coking and blowing are stopped and the blast cap stops blowing, the high-temperature small-particle coal in an adhesion state can easily enter the blast cap holes 3, and a plurality of small-particle coal are cooled and then converged into a coal cinder briquette along with the increase of the amount of the high-temperature small-particle coal entering the blast cap holes 3 and the continuous decrease of the temperature of the coal, so that the blast cap holes 3 can be blocked; the actuating rod 19 slowly passes through the hood hole 3 in a rotating mode, so that the high-temperature small-particle coal entering the hood hole 3 is extruded out, and a small space without high-temperature small-particle coal gathering is formed outside the hood hole 3 in a rotating mode by the rotating actuating rod 19; after the actuating rod 19 stops acting, the high-temperature small-particle coal near the small space without high-temperature small-particle coal aggregation is cooled for a period of time and adhered to each other, so that the high-temperature small-particle coal near the outside of the hood hole 3 is prevented from entering the hood hole 3, the condition that the hood hole 3 is blocked is finally avoided, even the malignant phenomenon that the hood cannot be reused due to complete blockage is avoided, and the service life of the hood is prolonged.

In conclusion, the invention has the main beneficial effects that: the turbine 10 is blown by wind to drive the rotating shaft 9 to rotate, and the volute spiral spring 25 is compressed to store energy; after the turbine 10 is blown to rotate, the actuating rod 19 in the anti-blocking mechanism 6 can be quickly separated from the hood hole 3, so that the hood can be normally ventilated. After the blast cap stops blowing, the spiral spring 25 releases energy; the flywheel 22 is designed to slow down the release speed of the volute spiral spring 25, so that the rotating shaft 9 is ensured to drive the ring sleeve 17 to rotate slowly through the first shaft sleeve 12, the connecting plate 13 and the toothed ring 14; the actuating rod 19 in the anti-blocking mechanism 6 can slowly penetrate through the hood hole 3 in a rotating mode, so that the actuating rod 19 can be ensured to extrude the high-temperature small-particle coal in the hood hole 3, and the rotating actuating rod 19 can rotate to form a small space without high-temperature small-particle coal aggregation; after the actuating rod 19 stops acting, the high-temperature small-particle coal near the small space without high-temperature small-particle coal aggregation is cooled for a period of time and adhered to each other, so that the high-temperature small-particle coal near the outside of the hood hole 3 is prevented from entering the hood hole 3, the condition that the hood hole 3 is blocked is finally avoided, even the malignant phenomenon that the hood cannot be reused due to complete blockage is avoided, and the service life of the hood is prolonged. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an anti-blocking boiler hood that power plant field used which characterized in that: the wind cap comprises a wind cap conical cover, a wind cap sleeve, a wind cap hole, a fixed column and an actuating mechanism, wherein the wind cap conical cover is arranged on the outer circular surface of one end of the wind cap sleeve; eight blast cap holes are uniformly formed on the outer circular surface of the blast cap sleeve along the circumferential direction; one end of the fixed column is arranged on the blast cap conical cover, and the other end of the fixed column is provided with an actuating mechanism; the actuating mechanism is positioned in the hood sleeve and matched with the hood hole on the hood sleeve;

the executing mechanism comprises an anti-blocking mechanism, a speed change mechanism, a top disc, a rotating shaft, a turbine, a first shaft sleeve, a connecting plate, a toothed ring, a ring shell, a fixed ring disc, a bottom disc, a flywheel, a first one-way clutch ring, a second one-way clutch ring, a volute spring, a second shaft sleeve, a round hole, a rod hole and a sliding groove, wherein the top disc is arranged at one end of a fixed column which is not connected with a hood cone cover; a round hole is formed in the middle of the top disc; one end of the annular shell is arranged on the disc surface of the top disc far away from the fixed column, and the other end of the annular shell is provided with a bottom disc; eight penetrating rod holes are uniformly formed in the outer circular surface of the annular shell along the circumferential direction; one end of the rotating shaft is arranged in the round hole of the top disc through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the bottom disc; one end of the rotating shaft penetrating out of the bottom disc is provided with a turbine, and the turbine is positioned below the bottom disc; the first one-way clutch ring and the second one-way clutch ring are both arranged on the rotating shaft, and the second one-way clutch ring is positioned between the first one-way clutch ring and the top disk; the second one-way clutch ring is close to the top disc; the volute spiral spring is nested on the second one-way clutch ring, one end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second one-way clutch ring, and the other end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the inner circular surface of the ring shell; the flywheel is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first one-way clutch ring; the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve are both fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and the second shaft sleeve is positioned between the first one-way clutch ring and the first shaft sleeve; two speed change mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve; four connecting plates are uniformly arranged on the outer circular surface of the first shaft sleeve along the circumferential direction; the toothed ring is arranged at one end of the four connecting plates which is not connected with the first shaft sleeve; the fixed ring disc is arranged in the middle of the bottom disc and is positioned below the first shaft sleeve; the rotating shaft is positioned in the fixed ring disc; eight sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the outer circular surface of the fixed ring disc along the circumferential direction; the eight anti-blocking mechanisms are respectively and uniformly arranged in the fixed ring disc and the eight sliding grooves of the fixed ring disc along the circumferential direction; the gear ring is matched with the anti-blocking mechanism; the speed change mechanism is matched with the inner circular surface of the annular shell;

the speed change mechanism comprises a telescopic rod, a heavy U-shaped block, an arc swinging plate, a telescopic rod spring, a smooth arc plate, a friction arc plate and a hinge block, wherein one end of the telescopic rod is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve, and the other end of the telescopic rod is provided with the heavy U-shaped block; the telescopic rod spring is nested on the telescopic rod, one end of the telescopic rod spring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the second shaft sleeve, and the other end of the telescopic rod spring is arranged on the heavy U-shaped block; one end of the hinge block is arranged in the heavy U-shaped block through a pin, and the other end of the hinge block is provided with an arc-shaped swinging plate; the arc swing plate consists of a smooth arc plate and a friction arc plate;

the anti-blocking mechanism comprises a support ring, a ring sleeve, an actuating rod, a fixing plate, a thread sleeve, a disc spring, a connecting disc, a clamping ring, a connecting swivel, a guide key, a guide groove, an external thread, a swivel cavity and a swivel groove, wherein the thread sleeve is fixedly arranged on the outer circular surface of the fixing ring disc and is communicated with the corresponding sliding groove; the inner circular surface of the thread sleeve is provided with internal threads; the support ring is arranged on the bottom disc through the fixing plate, and the position of the support ring corresponds to the position of the threaded sleeve; the ring sleeve is arranged in the supporting ring in a rotating fit mode; two guide keys are symmetrically arranged on the inner circular surface of the ring sleeve; the execution rod is arranged in the ring sleeve in a sliding fit mode, one end of the execution rod penetrates through the threaded sleeve and enters the corresponding sliding groove of the fixed ring disc, and the other end of the execution rod penetrates through the corresponding rod hole of the ring shell; one end of the connecting swivel is arranged on the end surface of the actuating rod in the sliding groove, and the other end of the connecting swivel is provided with a clamping ring; the connecting discs are arranged in the corresponding sliding grooves in a sliding fit manner; one end of the disc spring is arranged on the bottom groove surface of the corresponding sliding groove, and the other end of the disc spring is arranged on the connecting disc; a rotary ring groove is formed on the disc surface of the connecting disc far away from the disc spring; the connecting disc is provided with a rotating ring cavity; the rotary ring groove is communicated with the rotary ring cavity; the clamping ring is positioned in the rotating ring cavity; the connecting swivel is positioned in the swivel groove; the outer circular surface of the middle section of the actuating rod is provided with an external thread; two guide grooves are symmetrically formed in the outer circular surface of the execution rod along the axial direction of the execution rod, and the outer thread is divided by the guide grooves; the two guide keys are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves; the internal thread of the thread sleeve is matched with the external thread on the actuating rod;

the outer cambered surface of the smooth cambered plate is a smooth surface; the outer cambered surface of the friction cambered plate is a friction surface; the smooth surface of the smooth arc-shaped plate is matched with the inner circle surface of the ring shell; the friction surface of the friction arc-shaped plate is matched with the inner circular surface of the annular shell;

one end of the execution rod, which penetrates out of the corresponding rod hole of the ring shell, is matched with the corresponding hood hole of the hood sleeve;

2. The anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the end of the actuating rod far away from the connecting swivel is provided with a conical end.

3. The anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the telescopic rod spring is an extension spring; when the heavy U-shaped block is not rotated, the telescopic rod spring is in an unstretched state.

4. The anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the outer circular surface of the snap ring is larger than that of the outer circular surface of the connecting swivel.

5. The anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the disc spring is an extension spring.

6. The anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants of claim 5, wherein: when the end of the external thread on the actuating rod, which is close to the connecting rotating ring, is in threaded fit with the internal thread of the threaded sleeve, the end of the actuating rod, which is far away from the connecting rotating ring, is positioned in the corresponding hood hole of the hood sleeve, and the disc spring is in a stretching state.

7. The anti-blocking boiler hood used in the field of power plants of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the outer circular surface of the actuating rod is equal to that of the inner circular surface of the hood hole.