CN108786433B - Flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas co-treatment device and method - Google Patents

Flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas co-treatment device and method Download PDF

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CN108786433B
CN108786433B CN201810426624.8A CN201810426624A CN108786433B CN 108786433 B CN108786433 B CN 108786433B CN 201810426624 A CN201810426624 A CN 201810426624A CN 108786433 B CN108786433 B CN 108786433B
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carrier
liquid
waste
waste gas
gas
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CN108786433A (en
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李浩然
于莲
王媛
仇云飞
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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Abstract

The invention discloses a co-processing device and a co-processing method for flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas, wherein the co-processing device comprises one or more adsorption electrochemical processing units (1), a microbial electrochemical leaching unit (2) and a metal recovery unit (3); when the number of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is multiple, the connection mode of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is series connection or parallel connection; one or more adsorption electrochemical treatment units and the microbial electrochemical leaching units are connected in series or in parallel. The method adapts to the change of treatment capacity and concentration through series-parallel connection, has small occupied area, simple process and easy operation, and conforms to the development trend of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Description

Flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas co-treatment device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of co-treatment and utilization of flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas, and relates to a co-treatment device and a co-treatment method for flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas.
Background
A large amount of waste liquid, solid particle dust pollutants, gaseous pollutants and the like are generated in the industrial and agricultural production process. Such as: alcohols produced in coal chemical industry,Hydrocarbon waste liquid and toxic waste gas discharged by gasification; metallurgical industry such as nickel molybdenum sulfide ore, antimony sulfide ore and lead sulfide concentrate smelting process generates metallurgical waste water, dust and smelting flue gas; waste liquid and foul gas generated by livestock and poultry manure and urine in an agricultural farm, and volatile irritant waste liquid and gas generated by fertilizer fermentation; the waste liquid and harmful gas produced by high-rise building office equipment computers, printers, copiers and the like, cleaning agents and pesticides. The flue gas and the waste gas mainly comprise various hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, amines and the like, as well as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, halogens, compounds thereof, volatile metals of arsenic, lead and the like. After being absorbed by human body, the volatile waste gas can threaten the physical and mental health of human body to a great extent, and has great influence on living environment and growth of animals and plants. The waste liquid contains organic and inorganic substances with different concentrations and Cr6+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+And Ni2+And (4) plasma metal ions.
The waste gas and waste liquid are treated separately, and the method includes rectification, extraction, biological, chemical oxidation, etc. and these methods have great investment, great operation management difficulty and other problems. The waste liquid and gas treatment technology and application of coal-based olefin project adopt a boiler co-combustion technology treatment device to treat hydrocarbon waste liquid and alcohol waste liquid and release gas of a gasification device, and the hydrocarbon waste liquid and the alcohol waste liquid are combusted at 1100 ℃, and the main components of the flue gas after combustion comprise nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride and the like. High energy consumption and high cost, and the discharged waste gas still needs to be treated. Patent "processing system of high concentration chemical waste gas and waste liquid" (CN206103632U), discloses a processing system of high concentration chemical waste gas and waste liquid, but this processing system only handles the waste liquid through little electrolysis, still need change little electrolysis material, and the electrolysis produces poisonous and harmful gas, and this processing system is equipped with condensing equipment, and the material is the titanium pipe, and technology cost is high. Patent "a gas purification device" (publication number is CN107149855A), discloses a gas purification device who uses active carbon and diatomaceous earth as adsorbent, and the device sets up alarm system to in time change active carbon and diatomaceous earth. Although effective in removing harmful gases, adsorbent regeneration remains a critical issue for subsequent processing with continuous adsorbent replacement. Patent "industrial waste water treatment system" (CN107089751A), discloses an industrial waste water treatment system, and this patent mainly utilizes filter pressing, infiltration mode to handle waste water, when too high to waste water TDS concentration, then adopts the high temperature furnace to carry out waste heat solid-liquid dry distillation, not only consumes energy, to the waste water that constitutes complicacy moreover, the device treatment effect is unsatisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for co-processing flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas, wherein the device is simple in structure, and utilizes an electrochemical technology and a microbial electrochemical system to regenerate and recycle a carrier by combining physical adsorption, electrolysis, interception, leaching absorption, microbial degradation, re-adsorption and electrolysis, and guides electrons in redox reaction to accelerate reaction rate, so that the flue gas dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas are co-processed to reach emission standards.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a co-processing device for flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas comprises one or more adsorption electrochemical processing units 1, a microbial electrochemical leaching unit 2 and a metal recovery unit 3;
when the number of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is multiple, the connection mode of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is series connection or parallel connection; one or more adsorption electrochemical treatment units and the microbial electrochemical leaching units are connected in series or in parallel;
the metal recovery unit 3 comprises a washing liquid spraying part and a washing liquid collecting part;
the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit 1 comprises a box body 1-1, a carrier II1-7 is filled in the center of the box body 1-1, a carrier I1-6 is filled in a space between the carrier II1-7 and the wall of the box body 1-1, a small space is reserved between the carrier I1-6 and the left side wall of the box body 1-1 to form an air inlet buffer chamber 1-2, and a small space is reserved between the carrier I1-6 and the right side wall of the box body 1-1 to form an air outlet buffer chamber 1-4; the air inlet buffer chamber 1-2 is provided with an air inlet 1-3, and the air outlet buffer chamber 1-4 is provided with an air outlet 1-5;
a plurality of small holes are uniformly arranged on the top wall of the box body 1-1, and a washing liquid spraying component is arranged on the upper part of the top wall;
a plurality of small holes are uniformly formed in the bottom wall of the box body 1-1, and a washing liquid collecting part is arranged on the bottom wall;
the microbial electrochemical leaching unit 2 comprises N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1, wherein an air inlet pipe 2-2 is arranged at the upper part of a first-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit in the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1, an air outlet pipe 2-3 is arranged at the upper part of a last-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit, and a liquid outlet pipe 2-4 is arranged at the lower part of the last-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit; the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1 are communicated with a bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank 2-5 through pipelines, and leachate formed at the bottom of the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1 can return to the top of the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 through a circulating pipeline 2-6 for continuous leaching treatment;
the carriers I1-6 and the carriers III 2-7 are arranged in the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 in a staggered manner.
Further, the washing liquid spraying component comprises a spraying cover 3-1 and a washing liquid spray head 3-2, the spraying cover 3-1 is buckled on the top wall of the box body 1-1, and the washing liquid spray head 3-2 is arranged on the spraying cover and is used for spraying the washing liquid into small holes in the top wall of the box body;
the washing liquid collecting part comprises a washing liquid collecting cover 3-3, a guide plate 3-4 and a washing liquid storage 3-5, and the washing liquid collecting cover is buckled on the bottom wall of the box body 1-1 and is used for collecting the washing liquid flowing out of small holes in the bottom wall; the guide plate is obliquely arranged in the washing liquid collecting cover; the washing liquid collecting cover is communicated with the washing liquid storage through a pipeline.
Preferably, the included angle between the guide plate and the bottom wall of the box body 1-1 is 2-10 degrees.
Preferably, the aperture of the small hole is 1-10 mm.
Preferably, a spray header is arranged at the top of the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 and is used for spraying waste liquid on the carrier I and the carrier III.
Preferably, the carrier I is made of a breathable conductive material, and conductive titanium wires are embedded in the carrier I and connected with an external electric field; the carrier II is a loose and porous conductive substance; the carrier III is an adsorbing material with large specific surface area and developed micropore structure.
Preferably, the inner walls of the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit 1 and the microbial electrochemical leaching unit 2 are coated with corrosion-resistant material.
The device consists of three parts, and comprises one or more adsorption electrochemical treatment units, a microbial electrochemical leaching unit and a metal recovery unit for collecting metal washing liquid. The units can be connected in series or in parallel to adapt to the change of the amount and concentration of the treated flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas.
The one or more adsorption electrochemical treatment units can treat metal flue gas, dust and waste gas, and realize metal recovery, dust interception and carrier regeneration. The microbial electrochemical leaching unit comprises multistage microbial electrochemical leaching subunits, a liquid spraying device and a liquid circulating device, wherein each microbial electrochemical leaching subunit consists of a plurality of groups of carriers I and III and an additional circuit. The multistage microbial electrochemical leaching subunits are connected through pipelines and work in series or in parallel, so that the multistage microbial electrochemical leaching subunits are adapted to the change of the amount and concentration of the treated waste liquid, the treated waste gas and the metal flue gas, and the mixed liquid and the waste gas discharged by the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit continuously pass through a plurality of treatment units to enhance the treatment effect.
The adsorption electrochemical treatment unit comprises a box body provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the box body also comprises an air inlet buffer chamber, an air outlet buffer chamber, a carrier I, a carrier II and an external electric field, so that metal smoke, dust and waste gas can be treated, and metal recovery, dust interception and carrier regeneration are realized.
The gas inlet buffer chamber and the gas outlet buffer chamber are formed by a carrier I and a box body together, are used for uniformly distributing metal flue gas and waste gas respectively, enter a carrier II through the carrier I, and uniformly collect exhaust gas.
In the invention, the carrier I is a breathable conductive material and has the functions of adsorbing waste gas and volatile metals; the carrier II is a loose and porous conductive substance, and the waste gas and volatile metal can be effectively adsorbed by the huge surface area and the abundant pore structure of the carrier II. And conductive titanium wires are embedded in the carrier I and are connected with an external electric field. Whole device is under the condition of additional electric field, and waste gas and volatile metal are adsorbed through carrier I, and the organic macromolecule waste gas that adsorbs at carrier I is electrolyzed into the micro molecule gas simultaneously. The unadsorbed waste gas, the electrolyzed micromolecule gas and the volatile metal enter the carrier II, and the unadsorbed waste gas, the electrolyzed micromolecule gas and the volatile metal are electrolyzed into micromolecule gas or smaller molecule gas while being adsorbed. The process is continuously circulated as the gas and volatile metal are propelled in the carrier II, so that the waste gas is adsorbed. The electrolysis and adsorption processes in the carrier I and the carrier II are synchronously and circularly carried out, namely, the degradation of the organic macromolecular gas is completed while the carrier I and the carrier II are regenerated in the adsorption and desorption circulating processes. The waste gas which is not absorbed and degraded enters the microbial electrochemical treatment unit along with the pipeline, and is further degraded under the action of microbes, a carrier I, a carrier III and an external electric field.
In the invention, the washing liquid enters the box body through the small holes by the washing liquid spray head, and the washing liquid is nitric acid or acetic acid or sodium hydroxide solution.
In the invention, the guide plate is obliquely arranged in the guide cover, the inclination angle is 2-10 degrees, specifically, one end of the guide plate is tilted, the other end of the guide plate is connected with the outlet of the washing liquid collecting cover, and the collected washing liquid enters the washing liquid storage through the outlet.
In the invention, the aperture of the small hole on the bottom wall of the box body is 1-10 mm; the carrier I with the diameter larger than the pore diameter is arranged at the upper part of the carrier I, so that the carrier II is prevented from flowing away along with the liquid.
Furthermore, the interior of the device is coated with a corrosion-resistant material coating.
In practical application, the number and the assembly mode of the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit can be flexibly adjusted according to the concentration and the air inflow of the treated waste gas and the treated metal flue gas. The method adopts a mode of connecting a plurality of units in series, in parallel or in series and parallel, and achieves the aims of efficiently treating waste gas and intercepting and recycling metal.
The microbial electrochemical leaching unit comprises a plurality of microbial electrochemical leaching subunits which are separated by partition plates, all the leaching subunits are connected through pipelines, and the circulation times can be flexibly adjusted according to the field water quality in practical application. The microbial electrochemical leaching unit is communicated with an air inlet pipeline used for conveying gas for treating heavy metal flue gas into a leaching chamber, the top end of the leaching unit is connected with a bacteria liquid-waste liquid mixed liquid conveying pipeline, the bottom end of the leaching unit is connected with a bacteria liquid-waste liquid mixed liquid circulating pipeline, a bacteria liquid-waste liquid mixed liquid discharging pipeline is arranged on the right side of the leaching unit and communicated with the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit through a pipeline, and water quality can be detected.
The microbial electrochemical leaching subunit mainly comprises a carrier I and a carrier III, wherein the carrier I and the carrier III are arranged in a staggered manner, so that a running channel of waste gas in the device is prolonged, the retention time of the waste gas in the device is prolonged, and the treatment effect is enhanced. Part of the waste gas discharged by the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit is adsorbed by the carrier III and is degraded by microorganisms, and the waste gas which is not adsorbed by the carrier III and the waste gas generated by the waste liquid treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit are degraded by the microorganisms in the leaching liquid in the running process between the carrier I and the carrier III or are adsorbed and degraded by the carrier I and the carrier III.
Furthermore, the carrier I is a green environment-friendly inert electrode material, has large specific surface area, good conductivity and long service life, and can provide a large number of adsorption sites required by microorganism adsorption. The two ends of the carrier I are connected with an external electric field, and waste gas and waste liquid absorbed by the carrier I are degraded into micromolecular gas or CO by electrolysis2And H2And O, the degraded carrier I has adsorption capacity, so that the purposes of adsorbing and degrading are achieved. The carrier III has small and uniform micropores, simple structure, high adsorption speed and easy desorption.
Further, microorganism electrochemistry leaching device includes fungus liquid waste liquid blending tank, be equipped with between fungus liquid waste liquid blending tank and the leaching subunit top and be used for carrying the pump body of leaching the unit with mixed liquid, the pump body is connected with mixed liquid spraying system, mixed liquid spraying system includes mixed liquid pipeline and a plurality of outer shower nozzle and the interior shower nozzle on carrier III that spray carrier I with mixed liquid, can be to carrier IIISpraying mixed liquid I and III. The mixed liquid is sprayed to the carrier III to resolve the organic matters adsorbed on the carrier III, and further digested and decomposed into CO2And H2O, thereby promoting the decomposition of pollutants and continuously producing the carrier III fully adsorbed again. The mixed liquid is leached to the carrier I, an external electric field is applied to strengthen the electron transfer between the microorganism and the carrier I, organic matters and heavy metal ions in the waste liquid are degraded, and the mixed liquid of the waste liquid and the bacteria liquid can be leached and degraded in a plurality of units in a circulating way.
A method for co-processing dust, waste liquid and waste gas in flue gas by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
1) blowing flue gas dust or waste gas into an air inlet buffer chamber 1-2 of a box body 1-1 from an air inlet 1-3, uniformly diffusing metal flue gas or organic waste gas into a carrier II1-7 from the carrier I1-6, diffusing the metal flue gas or organic waste gas into the carrier I1-6 from the carrier II1-7, and discharging the metal flue gas or organic waste gas from an air outlet 1-5 of an air outlet buffer chamber 1-4;
2) the adsorption electrochemical co-processing unit 1 stops air inlet after processing the flue gas dust or waste gas for a period of time, a washing liquid spray nozzle 3-2 is opened to spray washing liquid into a spray cover 3-1, the washing liquid enters the box body from a small hole in the top wall of the box body 1, and the flue gas dust intercepted by the carrier I1-6 and the carrier II1-7 is recovered; after spraying for a period of time, opening an outlet of the washing liquid collecting cover 3-3, allowing the washing liquid to enter a washing liquid storage 3-5 from the small hole in the bottom wall of the box body through the guide plate 3-4, and recovering the washing liquid; then continuing to introduce the flue gas dust or the waste gas, and drying the carrier I and the carrier II by the high-temperature flue gas dust or the high-temperature waste gas to recover the adsorption function;
3) the waste gas treated by the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 connected in series or in parallel enters a microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 through a pipeline and is adsorbed or degraded by a carrier III 2-7 and a carrier I, the gas treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit is directly discharged through an exhaust pipeline 2-3 after reaching the standard after being detected, the gas does not reach the standard and then enters the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 again for advanced treatment, and the gas is discharged after reaching the standard;
the mixed liquid in the bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank 2-5 is filtered to the carrier I1-6 and the carrier III 2-7 by a spray head of a spray system, and is adsorbed or degraded by the carrier III and the carrier I; the mixed liquid absorbed or degraded by the carrier III and the carrier I is directly discharged from the liquid discharge pipeline 2-4 after the water quality is detected to be qualified, and can be returned to the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 for continuous treatment from the circulating pipeline 2-6 if the water quality does not reach the discharge standard.
Specifically, the method of the flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas co-treatment device comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps that metal smoke or organic waste gas is blown into an air inlet buffer chamber 1-2 of a box body 1-1, a carrier I1-6 in the buffer chamber can effectively buffer local impact of airflow on a carrier II1-7, so that the waste gas is uniformly diffused from the carrier I to enter the carrier II, under the condition of an external electric field, the waste gas and volatile metal are adsorbed by the carrier I, and meanwhile, the organic macromolecular waste gas adsorbed on the carrier I is electrolyzed into micromolecular gas; unadsorbed waste gas, electrolyzed micromolecular gas and volatile metal are absorbed by the carrier II, and part of unadsorbed waste gas is diffused to the gas outlet buffer chamber 1-4 and is absorbed again by the carrier I; the process is continuously circulated, the carrier I and the carrier II intercept metal smoke and enrich metals so as to recover the metals subsequently; and adjusting the rotating speed of the induced draft fan based on the type of the waste gas. The electrolysis and adsorption processes in the carrier I and the carrier II are synchronously and circularly carried out, namely, the degradation of the organic macromolecular gas is completed while the carrier I and the carrier II are regenerated in the adsorption and desorption circulating processes. In the process, the outlets of the washing liquid spray head 3-2 and the washing liquid collecting cover 3-3 are in a sealed state in the waste gas adsorption process.
2) The waste gas is treated by the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 for a period of time, then the gas inlet is stopped, the washing liquid is sprayed in the box body, and the metal flue gas intercepted by the carriers I1-6 and the carriers II1-7 is recovered; after spraying for a period of time, the outlet of the washing liquid collecting cover 3-3 is opened, the washing liquid enters the washing liquid storage 3-5, and the liquid is recovered. At the moment, the air is continuously introduced, and the carrier II1-7 can be dried by high-temperature gas, so that the adsorption function of the carrier II1-7 is recovered.
3) The waste gas treated by the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 enters a microbial electrochemical leaching sub-unit 2-1 through a pipeline, part of the waste gas is adsorbed by a carrier III 2-7, part of the gas is degraded under the action of voltage applied to two ends of the carrier I1-6, and the waste gas is treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit and then continuously moves to a subsequent adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1. The mixed liquor in the bacteria liquor waste liquor mixing tank 2-5 can be leached to the carriers I1-6 and the carriers III 2-7 through a spraying system, part of organic matters in the mixed liquor can be degraded by microorganisms on the carriers III 2-7, and the redox reaction rate on the carriers I1-6 is accelerated by an external electric field, so that the degradation of target pollutants is promoted. The mixed liquid can be directly discharged from the liquid discharge pipeline 2-4 after the quality of the mixed liquid is qualified through detection, and can be returned to any microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 for continuous treatment through the circulating pipeline 2-6 if the quality of the mixed liquid does not reach the discharge standard.
4) The waste gas treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit enters an adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 through an exhaust pipeline 2-3, advanced treatment is carried out under the action of carriers I1-6, carriers II1-7 and an external electric field, and the gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
The microbial electrochemical treatment unit realizes the cooperative treatment of the waste gas and the waste liquid, and the process is continuously and circularly carried out in the microbial electrochemical leaching subunits, namely, the waste gas is deeply degraded simultaneously in the process of circularly degrading the waste liquid in each leaching subunit. The waste gas treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit can also enter the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit. The adsorption electrochemical treatment unit flexibly adjusts the number and the assembly mode of the devices according to the content, the concentration and the air quantity of the waste gas treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit. Under the action of serial connection, parallel connection or serial-parallel connection of the carrier I, the carrier II, an external electric field and a plurality of devices, the waste gas is deeply treated, so that the waste gas reaches the emission standard. The whole device can be recycled, and is efficient and environment-friendly.
The invention provides a device and a method for co-processing dust, waste liquid and waste gas in flue gas. The carrier I and the carrier III are hung in the microbial electrochemical leaching unit in a staggered manner, waste liquid is leached until the carrier I is degraded under the action of microbial electrochemistry, the waste liquid and a liquid-bacterium mixed solution are cyclically leached and degraded in a plurality of units, part of waste gas discharged by the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit is adsorbed by the carrier III and is degraded by microorganisms, waste gas not adsorbed by the carrier III and waste gas generated by the waste liquid treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit are degraded by microorganisms in leaching liquid in the running process between the carrier I and the carrier III or adsorbed and degraded by the carrier I and the carrier III, the process is continuously and cyclically carried out in the microbial electrochemical leaching unit, namely, the waste liquid is subjected to deep degradation simultaneously in the cyclic degradation process of each leaching subunit. The device simple structure through uniting physical adsorption, electrolysis, interception, leaching absorption, microbial degradation, adsorbs, electrolysis again, utilizes electrochemical technology and little biological electrochemical system to make carrier regeneration cyclic utilization to lead the electron in the redox reaction, reaction rate accelerates makes flue gas dust, waste liquid, waste gas coprocessing, reaches emission standard.
The microorganism in the invention takes the organic matters in the waste liquid and the waste gas as substrates, and does not need to add a culture medium, thereby having low cost and low energy consumption. The series-parallel connection adapts to the change of the treatment capacity and the concentration, the occupied area is small, the process is simple, and the operation is easy. Conforms to the development trend of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a co-processing device for flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an adsorption-electrochemical co-processing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a microbial electrochemical leaching device;
reference numerals:
1. an adsorption electrochemical treatment unit; 1-1, a box body; 1-2, an air inlet buffer chamber; 1-3, an air inlet; 1-4, an air outlet buffer chamber; 1-5 parts of air outlet, 1-6 parts of carrier I, 1-7 parts of carrier II; 2. a microbial electrochemical leaching unit; 2-1, a microbial electrochemical leaching subunit; 2-2, an air inlet pipe; 2-3, an exhaust pipeline; 2-4, a liquid drainage pipeline; 2-5, a bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank; 2-6 parts of circulating pipeline, 2-7 parts of carrier III; 3. a metal recovery unit; 3-1, a spraying cover; 3-2, a washing liquid spray head; 3-3, a washing liquid collecting cover; 3-4, a deflector; 3-5 and a washing liquid storage.
Detailed Description
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. The description is only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as specifically limiting the present invention.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily understood by the description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a co-processing device for flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas comprises one or more adsorption electrochemical processing units 1, a microbial electrochemical leaching unit 2 and a metal recovery unit 3;
when the number of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is multiple, the connection mode of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is series connection or parallel connection; one or more adsorption electrochemical treatment units and the microbial electrochemical leaching units are connected in series or in parallel;
the metal recovery unit 3 comprises a washing liquid spraying part and a washing liquid collecting part;
the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit 1 comprises a box body 1-1, a carrier II1-7 is filled in the center of the box body 1-1, a space between the carrier II1-7 and the wall of the box body 1-1 is filled with a carrier I1-6, a small space is reserved between the carrier I1-6 and the left side wall of the box body 1-1 to form an air inlet buffer chamber 1-2, and a small space is reserved between the carrier I and the right side wall of the box body 1-1 to form an air outlet buffer chamber 1-4; the air inlet buffer chamber 1-2 is provided with an air inlet 1-3, and the air outlet buffer chamber 1-4 is provided with an air outlet 1-5;
a plurality of small holes are uniformly arranged on the top wall of the box body 1-1, and a washing liquid spraying component is arranged on the upper part of the top wall;
a plurality of small holes are uniformly formed in the bottom wall of the box body 1-1, and a washing liquid collecting part is arranged on the bottom wall;
the microbial electrochemical leaching unit 2 comprises N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1, wherein an air inlet pipe 2-2 is arranged at the upper part of a first-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit in the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1, an air outlet pipe 2-3 is arranged at the upper part of a last-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit, and a liquid outlet pipe 2-4 is arranged at the lower part of the last-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit; the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1 are communicated with a bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank 2-5 through pipelines, and leachate formed at the bottom of the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits 2-1 can return to the top of the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 through a circulating pipeline 2-6 for continuous leaching treatment;
the carriers I1-6 and the carriers III 2-7 are arranged in the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 in a staggered manner.
The washing liquid spraying component comprises a spraying cover 3-1 and a washing liquid spray head 3-2, the spraying cover 3-1 is buckled on the top wall of the box body 1-1, and the washing liquid spray head 3-2 is arranged on the spraying cover and is used for spraying the washing liquid into small holes in the top wall of the box body;
the washing liquid collecting part comprises a washing liquid collecting cover 3-3, a guide plate 3-4 and a washing liquid storage 3-5, and the washing liquid collecting cover is buckled on the bottom wall of the box body 1-1 and is used for collecting the washing liquid flowing out of small holes in the bottom wall; the guide plate is obliquely arranged in the washing liquid collecting cover; the washing liquid collecting cover is communicated with the washing liquid storage through a pipeline.
The included angle between the guide plate and the bottom wall of the box body 1-1 is 2-10 degrees.
The aperture of the small hole is 1-10 mm.
And a spray header is arranged at the top of the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 and is used for spraying waste liquid on the carriers I1-6 and the carriers III 2-7.
The carrier I is made of a breathable conductive material, and conductive titanium wires are embedded in the carrier I and connected with an external electric field; the carrier II is a loose and porous conductive substance; the carrier III is an adsorbing material with large specific surface area and developed micropore structure.
The inner walls of the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit 1 and the microbial electrochemical leaching unit 2 are coated with corrosion-resistant material coatings.
The metal flue gas or the organic waste gas in the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit 1 enters an air inlet buffer chamber 1-2 through an air inlet 1-3 connected with a box body 1-1, the air inlet buffer chamber is formed by a carrier I1-6 and the box body, the carrier I1-6 can effectively buffer the local impact of the air flow on the carrier II1-7, so that the waste gas can uniformly diffuse from the carrier I into the carrier II from five directions, namely from the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction, the right direction and the front direction, the carrier I absorbs a part of the waste gas, and the adsorption effect is enhanced; after the carrier II adsorbs the waste gas, part of the waste gas which is not adsorbed is diffused to the gas outlet buffer chamber 1-4 and is adsorbed again by the carrier I; the gas outlet buffer chamber is formed by a carrier I and a box body, and the carrier I and the carrier II simultaneously intercept metal smoke gas and can enrich metal so as to recover the metal subsequently; the outlets of the washing liquid spray head 3-2 and the washing liquid collecting cover 3-3 are in a sealed state in the waste gas adsorption process.
The carrier I1-6 is embedded with conductive titanium wires and can be connected with an external electric field, the voltage of the external electric field is 3-10V, under the condition of the external electric field, waste gas and volatile metal are adsorbed through the carrier I, and meanwhile, organic macromolecular waste gas adsorbed on the carrier I is electrolyzed into micromolecular gas. The unadsorbed waste gas, the electrolyzed micromolecule gas and the volatile metal enter the carriers II1-7, and the unadsorbed waste gas, the electrolyzed micromolecule gas and the volatile metal are electrolyzed into micromolecule gas or smaller molecule gas while the unadsorbed waste gas, the electrolyzed micromolecule gas and the volatile metal are adsorbed. The process is continuously circulated as the gas and volatile metal are propelled in the carrier II, so that the waste gas is adsorbed. And based on the type of the waste gas, adjusting the rotating speed of the induced draft fan, and adjusting the residence time in the carrier II to degrade and adsorb the waste gas. The electrolysis and adsorption processes in the carrier I and the carrier II are synchronously and circularly carried out, namely, the degradation of the organic macromolecular gas is completed while the carrier I and the carrier II are regenerated in the adsorption and desorption circulating processes. The whole device has the advantages of low economic cost, thorough treatment result, time saving, energy saving and environmental protection.
The waste gas stops air inlet after being adsorbed for a period of time, the top wall of the box body is uniformly distributed with small holes with the aperture of 1-10mm, washing liquid is sprayed in the box body, and the washing liquid enters the box body through the small holes by a washing liquid spray head and is used for recovering metal flue gas intercepted by the carrier I and the carrier II; the washing liquid is nitric acid or acetic acid or sodium hydroxide solution; the bottom wall of the box body is distributed with small holes, and the aperture is 1-10 mm; the carrier I with the same size is placed on the upper part of the partition board at the bottom of the box body, so that the carrier II is prevented from flowing away along with liquid; the inside of each unit is coated with a corrosion-resistant material coating. After spraying for a period of time, the outlet of the washing liquid collecting cover is opened, the washing liquid enters the washing liquid storage 3-5, and the liquid is recovered. And at the moment, continuously introducing air, and drying the carrier II by high-temperature gas to recover the adsorption function of the carrier II.
The left side of the microbial electrochemical leaching unit is communicated with an air inlet pipeline used for conveying the gas for treating the heavy metal flue gas to the leaching sub-unit, and the waste gas enters the microbial electrochemical leaching unit after being treated by the metal flue gas. The microbial electrochemical leaching unit mainly comprises carriers I1-6 and carriers III 2-7, wherein the carriers I and the carriers III are arranged in a staggered manner, so that a running channel of waste gas in the leaching subunit is prolonged, the retention time of the waste gas in the device is prolonged, and the treatment effect is enhanced. Part of the waste gas discharged by the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit is adsorbed by the carrier III and is degraded by microorganisms, and the waste gas which is not adsorbed by the carrier III and the waste gas generated by the waste liquid treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit are degraded by the microorganisms in the leaching liquid in the running process between the carrier I and the carrier III or are adsorbed and degraded by the carrier I and the carrier III.
The top end of the leaching subunit is connected with a bacteria liquid-waste liquid mixed liquid conveying pipeline, the bottom end of the leaching subunit is connected with a bacteria liquid-waste liquid mixed liquid circulating pipeline, and the right side of the leaching subunit is provided with a mixed liquid discharging pipeline.
The multistage microbial electrochemical leaching units are connected through pipelines, and waste liquid enters the next stage of leaching subunit through a pipeline at the bottom end of the leaching subunit after being treated by the leaching subunit. The multi-stage leaching subunits work in series, and the mixed liquid continuously passes through a plurality of processing units to enhance the treatment effect. The leaching subunits are connected through pipelines, and the circulation times can be flexibly adjusted according to the field water quality in practical application.
The carrier III has small and uniform micropores, simple structure, high adsorption speed and easy desorption and is used for adsorbing the waste gas in the leaching unit.
The carrier I is a green environment-friendly inert electrode material, has large specific surface area, good conductivity and long service life, and can provide a large number of adsorption sites required by microbial adsorption.
The waste liquid is subjected to a series of pretreatment such as water quality adjustment and pH adjustment before entering a liquid-liquid waste liquid mixing tank, is mixed with a certain amount of liquid according to a proportion of 10%, a pump body for conveying mixed liquid to a leaching subunit is arranged between the mixing tank and the top end of the leaching subunit, the pump body is connected with a mixed liquid spraying system, the mixed liquid spraying system comprises a mixed liquid conveying pipeline and a plurality of outer spray heads for spraying the mixed liquid onto a carrier I and inner spray heads on a carrier III, and the mixed liquid is sprayed onto the carrier III to analyze organic matters adsorbed on the carrier III and further digested and decomposed into CO2And H2O, thereby promoting the decomposition of pollutants and continuously producing the carrier III fully adsorbed again.
The external electric field is connected at two ends of the carrier I to the microbial electrolysis cell is in a rudiment shape, the electron transfer between the microbes and the carrier I is strengthened under the action of the external electric field, the metabolism of the microbes is accelerated, and organic matters are degraded based on the two-dimensional electrode, so that waste gas and waste liquid absorbed by the carrier I are degraded into micromolecular gas or CO2And H2And O, the degraded carrier I has adsorption capacity, so that the purposes of adsorbing and degrading are achieved. The quality of the effluent can be detected at the position of the bacteria liquid-waste liquid mixed liquid discharge pipeline, and the effluent can be discharged from the pipeline after the water quality is qualified. Otherwise, the sewage is continuously fed into the microbial electrochemical system through the pipeline for treatment.
The method of the flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas co-treatment device comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps that metal smoke or organic waste gas is blown into an air inlet buffer chamber 1-2 of a box body 1-1, a carrier I1-6 in the buffer chamber can effectively buffer local impact of airflow on a carrier II1-7, so that the waste gas is uniformly diffused from the carrier I to enter the carrier II, under the condition of an external electric field, the waste gas and volatile metal are adsorbed by the carrier I, and meanwhile, the organic macromolecular waste gas adsorbed on the carrier I is electrolyzed into micromolecular gas; unadsorbed waste gas, electrolyzed small molecule gas and volatile metal are absorbed by the carrier II1-7, and part of unadsorbed waste gas is diffused to the gas outlet buffer chamber 1-4 and is absorbed again by the carrier I; the process is continuously circulated, the carrier I and the carrier II intercept metal smoke and enrich metals so as to recover the metals subsequently; and adjusting the rotating speed of the induced draft fan based on the type of the waste gas. The electrolysis and adsorption processes in the carrier I and the carrier II are synchronously and circularly carried out, namely, the degradation of the organic macromolecular gas is completed while the carrier I and the carrier II are regenerated in the adsorption and desorption circulating processes. In the process, the outlets of the washing liquid spray head 3-2 and the washing liquid collecting cover 3-3 are in a sealed state in the waste gas adsorption process.
2) The waste gas is treated by the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 for a period of time, then the gas inlet is stopped, the washing liquid is sprayed in the box body, and the metal flue gas intercepted by the carriers I1-6 and the carriers II1-7 is recovered; after spraying for a period of time, the outlet of the washing liquid collecting cover 3-3 is opened, the washing liquid enters the washing liquid storage 3-5, and the liquid is recovered. At the moment, the air is continuously introduced, and the carrier II1-7 can be dried by high-temperature gas, so that the adsorption function of the carrier II1-7 is recovered.
3) The waste gas treated by the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 enters a microbial electrochemical leaching sub-unit 2-1 through a pipeline, part of the waste gas is adsorbed by a carrier III 2-7, part of the gas is degraded under the action of voltage applied to two ends of the carrier I1-6, and the waste gas is treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit and then continuously moves to a subsequent adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1. The mixed liquor in the bacteria liquor waste liquor mixing tank 2-5 can be leached to the carriers I1-6 and the carriers III 2-7 through a spraying system, part of organic matters in the mixed liquor can be degraded by microorganisms on the carriers III 2-7, and the redox reaction rate on the carriers I1-6 is accelerated by an external electric field, so that the degradation of target pollutants is promoted. The mixed liquid can be directly discharged from the liquid discharge pipeline 3-4 after the quality of the mixed liquid is qualified through detection, and can be returned to any microbial electrochemical leaching subunit 2-1 for continuous treatment through the circulating pipeline 2-6 if the quality of the mixed liquid does not reach the discharge standard.
4) The waste gas treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit enters an adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit 1 through an exhaust pipeline 2-3, advanced treatment is carried out under the action of carriers I1-6, carriers II1-7 and an external electric field, and the gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
The adsorption electrochemical treatment unit is used for treating waste gas and smoke dust, is based on a physical adsorption, electrolysis and interception system, and the carrier provides a plurality of adsorption sites which can be efficiently positionedAnd (4) waste gas and smoke dust treatment. The microbial electrochemical leaching unit is used for treating waste gas and waste liquid, and an electrochemical catalytic oxidation system is constructed based on an external circuit driven oxidation-reduction reaction; when the molecules pass through the carrier electrode from liquid phase or gas phase, the microbe takes the waste gas and liquid molecule as substrate, and decomposes, digests and metabolizes, and the external circuit accelerates the electron transfer to produce non-pollution inorganic matter. The microbial electrochemical system can quickly and efficiently remove pollutants in mixed waste gas, and the average concentration of H is 10-100ppm2The removal rate of S, mercaptan, thioether and the like reaches more than 99 percent, and the treated metal smoke is less than or equal to 0.05mg/m3. For waste liquid, effluent CODcr is less than or equal to 100mg/L, TN is less than or equal to 20mg/L, NH4 +Less than or equal to 8 mg/L. The device can be used for independently treating waste gas and waste liquid and can also be used for realizing the cooperative treatment of the waste gas and the waste liquid.
Example 2
Malodorous gas generated by a sewage treatment plant of a certain refinery enterprise is blown into an air inlet by an air blower, and the air flow meter controls the air inflow to be 530m3And h, the sewage enters a bacteria liquid and waste liquid mixing tank after the early-stage water quality adjustment, enters a leaching chamber through a mixed liquid spraying system, and the voltage is 8-10V. After the system runs for ten days, COD is reduced to 81mg/L from 8548mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is reduced to 5.8mg/L from 203.69mg/L, the VOC removal rate is up to 86%, and the exhaust gas meets the standard. Benzene is less than or equal to 0.4mg/m3(ii) a Toluene is less than or equal to 0.6mg/m3(ii) a Xylene is less than or equal to 1.9mg/m3。
Example 3
Heavy metal waste gas (the main heavy metals comprise Pb, Zn, Cd and As, wherein lead and zinc are the main metals) and sulfur-containing waste gas are mainly generated in a certain lead-zinc smelting plant in the smelting process; zinc-cadmium wastewater and waste acid wastewater are produced, which contain a large amount of heavy metal ions. The Pb content in the heavy metal waste gas is 62.22mg/m3Zn content of 140mg/m3The Cd content is 1.83mg/m3As content 1.74mg/m3The waste gas is blown into the gas inlet, the device adopts the arrangement mode that five parallel adsorption electrochemical processing units are connected with another two series microbial electrochemical leaching units, and the gas flow meter controls the gas inflow to be 2000m3The voltage is 5-8V. In the process, the metal smoke is adsorbed and intercepted by the carrier I and the carrier II; stopping introducing air after a period of time, opening a washing liquid spray head, spraying sodium hydroxide solution for 3h, and recovering the metal liquid. And then, continuously introducing gas, wherein the carrier II can be dried by high-temperature gas, and simultaneously, the waste gas can be adsorbed. The waste gas which is not absorbed and degraded enters the microbial electrochemical leaching unit along with the pipeline to be degraded continuously. Mixing the zinc-cadmium wastewater and the waste acid wastewater to adjust the pH value to be neutral, wherein the mixed waste liquid contains Zn2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+Respectively 1630mg/L, 15mg/L, 23mg/L and 6 mg/L. The microbial electrochemical leaching solution is injected into a bacteria solution and waste liquid mixing tank and sprayed to a microbial electrochemical leaching unit along with a pipeline, and the unit adopts six-stage leaching subunits to work in series and is added with 10v of voltage. Heavy metal ions in the mixed wastewater interact with or are adsorbed by microorganisms adsorbed on the carrier I and the carrier III, so that the aim of degrading the heavy metal ions is fulfilled; meanwhile, under the action of an external electric field, part of heavy metal ions can be electrolyzed, and the toxicity of the heavy metal ions is reduced. The waste gas is absorbed and degraded by microorganism or adsorbed and degraded by the carrier I and the carrier III in the running process of the carrier I and the carrier III which are arranged in a staggered manner at high and low positions along with the waste water, the waste gas which is not adsorbed and degraded enters an adsorption electrochemical treatment unit, the unit adopts three-stage series connection, and 8v voltage is applied. And adsorbing and treating the waste gas under the action of the carrier I, the carrier II and an external electric field. The waste liquid is continuously circulated in the microbial electrochemical leaching unit and treated for 5 days, and Pb in the metal smoke is less than or equal to 0.05mg/m3、Zn≤0.03mg/m3、Cd≤0.08mg/m3、As≤0.2mg/m3And the emission standard is reached. Zn in waste water2+Less than or equal to 0.9mg/L, and less than or equal to 0.1mg/L of other ions, thereby reaching the discharge standard of lead and zinc industrial pollutants.
Example 4
A large amount of waste gas and waste water are generated in the process of extracting vanadium pentoxide from stone coal. The harmful component of the exhaust gas is mainly SO2Secondly, HCl, soot, Cl2(ii) a The wastewater mainly comprises acidic wastewater and ammonia nitrogen wastewater. At present, most enterprises for extracting vanadium from stone coal adopt an ammonium salt vanadium precipitation process, and ammonia nitrogen wastewater generated by vanadium precipitation is not processedThe treatment factory discharges directly or does not reach the standard, which causes great damage to the environment. Waste gas (SO) will be generated22500mg/L) is blown into a multi-stage adsorption electrochemical treatment unit, the three-stage parallel connection and the two-stage series connection are adopted, and the air blowing flow is controlled to be 1500m3H; applying 5v voltage, wherein the smoke dust is intercepted by the carrier I and the carrier II, and the waste gas is absorbed and degraded; the undegraded waste gas enters a microbial electrochemical leaching device. Mixing the acidic wastewater and the ammonia nitrogen wastewater in the wastewater, adjusting the pH value to the neutral ammonia nitrogen content of 4000mg/L, pumping the mixture into a bacteria liquid and waste liquid mixing tank, spraying the mixture to a microbial electrochemical leaching unit along with a pipeline, and adopting three-stage leaching units to work in series. Substances in the mixed wastewater are degraded by microorganisms adsorbed on the carrier I and the carrier III; waste gas is absorbed and degraded by microorganisms or is absorbed and degraded by the carrier I and the carrier III in the running process of the carrier I and the carrier III which are arranged in a staggered manner at different heights along with waste water, the waste gas which is not absorbed and degraded enters an absorption electrochemical treatment unit, two-stage series work is adopted, 5v voltage is applied, and the waste gas is absorbed and treated under the action of the carrier I, the carrier II and an external electric field. After 5 days of treatment, the ammonia nitrogen is 20mg/L, and SO2The concentration is 300mg/L, and the emission standard is reached.
Example 5
The pollution of pig raising wastewater and waste gas exceeds the pollution of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, and becomes one of the most main sources of environmental pollution. The pigsty washing water is the main source of the pig raising wastewater, the scale of the pigsty is about 1200 pigs, and the average flow of the pig raising wastewater per day is 30.0m3D, wherein CODcr8000mg/L, BOD54000mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and 1300mg/L of ammonia nitrogen; the flow of the pigsty washing water is controlled to be 30.0m3D, conveying flushing water to a bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank by using a pipeline, and spraying the mixed liquid to a microbial electrochemical leaching unit through the pipeline; while a voltage of 5v is applied. The microbial electrochemical leaching unit adopts ten-stage leaching subunits to work in series. The carrier I and the carrier III are hung in the microbial electrochemical leaching device in a staggered manner, the mixed solution is leached to the carrier I, and organic matters in the wastewater are decomposed and converted into H through metabolism under the aerobic state of the microbes2O、CO2、N2And (5) inorganic matters, and the mixed solution is circularly leached and degraded in a plurality of units. Meanwhile, the generated waste gas is absorbed and degraded by microorganisms along with the waste water in the running process between the carrier I and the carrier III which are arranged in a staggered manner in height, or is absorbed and degraded by the carrier I and the carrier III, the waste gas which is not absorbed and degraded enters an absorption electrochemical treatment unit, three-stage series connection is adopted, and 8v voltage is applied. And adsorbing and treating the waste gas under the action of the carrier I, the carrier II and an external electric field. The process is continuously and circularly carried out in the microbial electrochemical leaching units, namely, in the process of circularly degrading the waste liquid in each leaching unit, the waste gas is deeply degraded at the same time. After 5 days of treatment, CODcr300mg/L, BOD5100mg/L, 70mg/L ammonia nitrogen, no odor and discharge standard.
Example 6
The discharge amount of certain waste water is 4000m3In pharmaceutical factories, organic substances in wastewater mainly comprise sugars, organic acids, glycosides, lignin, alkaloids and the like, and organic waste gas is generated. COD of inlet watercr19000mg/L, BOD512000mg/L, NH3N is 1280mg/L, and SS is 500 mg/L. The adsorption electrochemical treatment unit and the microbial electrochemical leaching unit run in parallel, and organic substances in the waste gas are decomposed under the action of an external electric field. The wastewater can directly enter a microbial electrochemical leaching unit, complex macromolecule and insoluble organic matters are hydrolyzed into micromolecule and soluble organic matters under the action of extracellular enzyme, and then the micromolecule and soluble organic matters permeate into cells to be decomposed to generate substances such as volatile organic acid, alcohols, aldehydes and the like. The leaching units work in series, and the COD of the effluent water is obtained after multiple cyclescr87mg/L, BOD5Is 20mg/L, NH3The water quality reaches the discharge standard when the-N is 1280mg/L and the SS is 150 mg/L.
Example 7
The flue gas of the waste gas of the steel plant, sulfur dioxide, fluorine-containing flue gas, nitrogen oxide-containing flue gas, solid particles and the like. COD in wastewatercrThe content is 220mg/L, BOD5200mg/L, SS 280mg/L, NH3-N is 40 mg/L. The adsorption electrochemical treatment unit and the microbial electrochemical leaching unit are operated in parallel, and waste gas entersAnd (3) entering an adsorption electrochemical treatment unit, and intercepting the flue gas and solid particles under the action of the carrier I, the carrier II and an external electric field. The waste liquid enters a chemical leaching unit, organic matters in the waste water are decomposed under the action of microorganisms, long-chain organic matters are degraded into short-chain organic matters, and substances which are difficult to degrade are converted into degradable substances, so that the biodegradability of the waste water is improved. After treatment, the effluent CODcr10mg/L, BOD520mg/L of NH, 5mg/L of SS3the-N is 5mg/L and meets the emission standard. The discharged tail gas is detected, and the sulfur dioxide is 0.4mg/m3Containing 18ug/m of fluoride3Nitrogen oxide 0.13mg/m3Solid particles 1.8mg/m3。
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The co-processing device for the dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas in the flue gas is characterized by comprising one or more adsorption electrochemical processing units (1), a microbial electrochemical leaching unit (2) and a metal recovery unit (3);
when the number of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is multiple, the connection mode of the adsorption electrochemical processing units is series connection or parallel connection; one or more adsorption electrochemical treatment units and the microbial electrochemical leaching units are connected in series or in parallel;
the metal recovery unit (3) comprises a washing liquid spraying part and a washing liquid collecting part;
the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit (1) comprises a box body (1-1), a carrier II (1-7) is filled in the center of the box body (1-1), a carrier I (1-6) is filled in a space between the carrier II (1-7) and the box body wall of the box body (1-1), a small space is reserved between the carrier I (1-6) and the left side wall of the box body (1-1) to form an air inlet buffer chamber (1-2), and a small space is reserved between the carrier I (1-6) and the right side wall of the box body (1-1) to form an air outlet buffer chamber (1-4); the air inlet buffer chamber (1-2) is provided with an air inlet (1-3), and the air outlet buffer chamber (1-4) is provided with an air outlet (1-5);
a plurality of small holes are uniformly arranged on the top wall of the box body (1-1), and a washing liquid spraying component is arranged on the upper part of the top wall;
a plurality of small holes are uniformly arranged on the bottom wall of the box body (1-1), and a washing liquid collecting component is arranged on the bottom wall;
the microbial electrochemical leaching unit (2) comprises N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits (2-1), an air inlet pipe (2-2) is arranged at the upper part of a first-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit in the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunits (2-1), an air exhaust pipeline (2-3) is arranged at the upper part of a last-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit, and a liquid exhaust pipeline (2-4) is arranged at the lower part of the last-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit; the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) is communicated with the bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank (2-5) through a pipeline, and leachate formed at the bottom of the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) can return to the top of the N-level microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) through a circulating pipeline (2-6) to be continuously leached;
the carrier I (1-6) and the carrier III (2-7) are arranged in the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) in a staggered manner, an external electric field is applied to two ends of the carrier I, and the voltage is 3-5V.
2. The co-processing device of the flue gas dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing liquid spraying component comprises a spraying cover (3-1) and a washing liquid spray head (3-2), the spraying cover (3-1) is buckled on the top wall of the box body (1-1), and the washing liquid spray head (3-2) is arranged on the spraying cover and is used for spraying the washing liquid into the small hole on the top wall of the box body;
the lotion collecting part comprises a lotion collecting cover (3-3), a guide plate (3-4) and a lotion storage (3-5), and the lotion collecting cover is buckled on the bottom wall of the box body (1-1) and is used for collecting lotion flowing out of small holes in the bottom wall; the guide plate is obliquely arranged in the washing liquid collecting cover; the washing liquid collecting cover is communicated with the washing liquid storage through a pipeline.
3. The co-processing device of the flue gas dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas as claimed in claim 2, wherein the included angle between the guide plate and the bottom wall of the box body (1-1) is 2-10 degrees.
4. The flue gas dust, waste liquid and waste gas co-processing device according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the small holes is 1-10 mm.
5. The co-processing device of the flue gas dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spray head is arranged at the top of the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) and is used for spraying the mixed liquid of the bacteria liquid and the waste liquid on the carrier I and the carrier III.
6. The co-processing device of the flue gas dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier I is made of a breathable conductive material, and conductive titanium wires are embedded in the carrier I and connected with an external electric field; the carrier II is a loose and porous conductive substance; the carrier III is an adsorbing material with large specific surface area and developed micropore structure.
7. The co-processing device of the flue gas dust, the waste liquid and the waste gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner walls of the adsorption electrochemical treatment unit (1) and the microbial electrochemical leaching unit (2) are coated with corrosion-resistant material.
8. A method for co-processing flue dust, liquid waste and exhaust gas by using the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising the steps of:
1) blowing flue gas dust or waste gas into an air inlet buffer chamber (1-2) of a box body (1-1) from an air inlet (1-3), uniformly diffusing metal flue gas or organic waste gas into a carrier II (1-7) from the carrier I (1-6), diffusing the metal flue gas or organic waste gas into the carrier I (1-6) from the carrier II (1-7), and discharging the metal flue gas or organic waste gas from an air outlet (1-5) of an air outlet buffer chamber (1-4);
2) the adsorption electrochemical co-processing unit (1) stops air inlet after processing the flue gas dust or waste gas for a period of time, a washing liquid spray nozzle (3-2) is opened to spray washing liquid into the spray cover (3-1), the washing liquid enters the box body from a small hole in the top wall of the box body (1), and the flue gas dust intercepted by the carrier I (1-6) and the carrier II (1-7) is recovered; after spraying for a period of time, opening an outlet of the washing liquid collecting cover (3-3), allowing the washing liquid to enter a washing liquid storage (3-5) from a small hole in the bottom wall of the box body through a guide plate (3-4), and recovering the washing liquid; then continuing to introduce the flue gas dust or the waste gas, and drying the carrier I and the carrier II by the high-temperature flue gas dust or the high-temperature waste gas to recover the adsorption function;
3) the waste gas treated by the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit (1) connected in series or in parallel enters a microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) through a pipeline and is adsorbed or degraded by a carrier III (2-7) and a carrier I, the gas treated by the microbial electrochemical leaching unit is directly discharged through an exhaust pipeline (2-3) after reaching the standard after being detected, the gas is further subjected to advanced treatment in the adsorption electrochemical co-treatment unit (1) if not reaching the standard, and the gas is discharged after reaching the standard;
the mixed liquid in the bacteria liquid waste liquid mixing tank (2-5) is filtered to a carrier I (1-6) and a carrier III (2-7) through a spray head of a spray system, and is adsorbed or degraded by the carrier III and the carrier I; the mixed liquid absorbed or degraded by the carrier III and the carrier I is directly discharged from a liquid discharge pipeline (2-4) after the water quality is detected to be qualified, and can be returned to the microbial electrochemical leaching subunit (2-1) for continuous treatment from a circulating pipeline (2-6) if the water quality does not reach the discharge standard.
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