CN108775820B - Deep flue gas waste heat recovery system - Google Patents
Deep flue gas waste heat recovery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108775820B CN108775820B CN201810847284.6A CN201810847284A CN108775820B CN 108775820 B CN108775820 B CN 108775820B CN 201810847284 A CN201810847284 A CN 201810847284A CN 108775820 B CN108775820 B CN 108775820B
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a deep flue gas waste heat recovery system, which comprises a flue gas pipeline, wherein a main waste heat exchange device and a deep waste heat exchange device are sequentially arranged on the flue gas pipeline along the discharge direction of gas; the circulating pipeline comprises a water inlet pipe communicated with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated and a water outlet pipe communicated with the water outlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated, wherein the other ends of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively provided with two branches and are respectively communicated with the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device; the control system comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device, a mass flowmeter, a water temperature sensor, a flue gas acid dew point meter, a flue gas electric regulating valve group, an electric circulating water pump, a human-computer interface interaction device and a PLC control unit which are connected through signals; the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can recover the flue gas waste heat to the maximum extent, improve the economical efficiency of projects and the comprehensive heat efficiency of waste heat recovery, and finally realize the purposes of remarkable energy conservation and synergy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat recovery, in particular to a deep flue gas waste heat recovery system.
Background
The waste heat recycling technology of the high-temperature flue gas and the waste gas is a relatively mature waste heat recycling technology, and is widely applied to the waste heat recycling of the high-temperature flue gas of the coal-fired and natural gas boilers and the high-temperature waste gas of the incinerator.
In an industrial boiler system, the efficiency of the boiler is closely related to the smoke exhaust loss, the smoke exhaust loss is always a bottleneck affecting the improvement of the efficiency of the boiler, and generally, the heat taken away by smoke exhaust accounts for about 8% of the total input heat of the boiler. In general, the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is in the range of 140 to 180 ℃, and the exhaust gas temperature of the outlet of the tail flue of the boiler is higher due to unreasonable combustion adjustment and other reasons of individual enterprises.
Under the large environmental influences of energy conservation, consumption reduction and synergy and under the pressure that enterprises need to continuously reduce the self cost, some enterprises carry out flue gas waste heat recovery transformation on the affiliated boiler in a dispute. The recovered waste heat can be used for heating boiler water replenishing, desalted water, high-temperature backwater or preheated air and the like. The temperature of the high-temperature flue gas before transformation is generally 140 to 160 ℃ or higher, and the flue gas waste heat of most enterprises is recycled to about 120 ℃ in order to avoid acid dew corrosion of the tail flue of the boiler. The waste heat recovery transformation plays a role in saving energy at a certain stage. The waste heat recovery mode can be defined as rough waste heat recovery. Although a certain measure of flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization is adopted, sensible heat in the high-temperature flue gas at about 120 ℃ is still wasted. In general, if the flue gas temperature of the boiler can be reduced by 15 ℃, the thermal efficiency of the boiler can be improved by 1%. Especially for enterprises such as power generation enterprises with huge fuel consumption, if the boiler efficiency can be improved by 1%, the energy-saving effect is remarkable, the thermal efficiency of the host equipment is significant every 1 percent, the total amount of fuel which can be saved each year is considerable, and the economic benefit is very good.
How to recycle the waste heat in the flue gas to the maximum extent, under the situation that the competition of enterprises is continuously increased, the method is more worthy of deep research and thinking, and a truly effective solution is needed to be found.
Taking a coal-fired boiler as an example, the waste heat recovery transformation is generally carried out by performing element analysis and industrial analysis according to the designed coal or the combustion coal, measuring the S element content of the coal, and further calculating the theoretical acid dew point through a series of calculation formulas. Due to the linkage mechanism of electricity price and coal price, some coal-fired boilers use enterprises, often use different coal types, select coal with proper heat value and price for blending combustion, and obviously change heat value and composition; in fact, the corresponding flue gas acid dew point has changed at this time. The waste heat recovery also sets a fixed lower minimum temperature of the waste heat recovery according to the fixed acid dew point, which is certainly unsuitable and unreasonable. The recalculation of the acid dew point and the lower utilization limit of the flue gas temperature for each new coal type is obviously troublesome, and brings about a lot of repeatability and unnecessary work. How to intelligently obtain the acid dew point of the current flue gas on line in real time is a subject worthy of research.
On the one hand, if the original waste heat recovery mode is to further increase the waste heat recovery amount, the waste heat recovery mode cannot be realized due to the limitation of design parameters such as the heat load of the heat exchanger which cannot be changed any more. On the other hand, the materials of the originally designed heat exchanger tube and shell are not considered to be frequently operated near the acid dew point, and are not designed to resist deep acid dew corrosion for a long time, so that the deep flue gas waste heat recovery by the original heat exchange equipment is obviously unsuitable.
On the other hand, in some occasions of the application of the flue gas waste heat recovery device, the working environment is very bad, the selection of the material and the wall thickness of the heat exchanger tube is unreasonable, and the like, once the flue gas is flushed to cause the leakage of the heat exchanger tube, the leakage of low-temperature side liquid to the periphery is caused, and unexpected damage can be caused to peripheral equipment and auxiliary machines, so that larger economic loss is caused, which is not allowed by users. Through research and investigation of the operational stability of some flue gas waste heat recovery devices, it was found that such internal damage occurs mainly within the heat exchanger. Leaks that occur on the circulation line are easily found, while leaks that occur inside the heat exchanger are not easily found. The low-temperature side circulating water pump, the pipeline and the heat exchanger system are well sealed, leakage is prevented during operation, or the leakage can be immediately alarmed, so that the low-temperature side circulating water pump, the pipeline and the heat exchanger system are very serious matters. The flue gas waste heat is recovered, and the safe operation of the equipment is ensured, so that the flue gas waste heat recovery device is a necessary condition to be observed by any technical transformation.
By integrating the above, the waste heat recovery potential is excavated, the deep waste heat recovery device with the waste heat recovery capacity of more than 20-30% can be added on the basis of the existing device and equipment, the amount of the recovered waste heat resources can be accurately measured, meanwhile, the safety of the equipment in operation is ensured, and the problems of urgent consideration and important research and solution are solved when the waste heat recovery energy-saving work is carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, thereby providing a deep flue gas waste heat recovery system which can recover more than about 20-30% of flue gas waste heat resources than a common flue gas waste heat recovery device, can recover the flue gas waste heat to the maximum extent, improves the economical efficiency of projects and the comprehensive heat efficiency of waste heat recovery, and finally achieves the purposes of remarkable energy conservation and synergy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a deep flue gas waste heat recovery system comprising:
the flue gas pipeline is sequentially provided with a main waste heat exchange device and a deep waste heat exchange device along the gas discharge direction;
the circulating pipeline comprises a water inlet pipe communicated with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated and a water outlet pipe communicated with the water outlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated, wherein two branches are respectively arranged at the other ends of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe and are respectively communicated with the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device;
the control system comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device, a mass flowmeter, a water temperature sensor, a flue gas acid dew point meter, a flue gas electric regulating valve group, an electric circulating water pump, a human-computer interface interaction device and a PLC control unit which are connected through signals;
the thermocouple temperature measuring device is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the inlet and outlet of the main waste heat exchange device and the temperature of the outlet wall of the deep waste heat exchange device;
the mass flowmeter is used for detecting fluid flow entering and exiting the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device;
the water temperature sensor is used for detecting the fluid temperature entering and exiting the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device;
the flue gas acid dew point meter is arranged on a flue gas pipeline at the rear side of the deep waste heat exchange device, calculates an acid dew point in real time by on-line acquisition of signals sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device, the mass flowmeter and the water temperature sensor, dynamically adjusts the heat absorption capacity of the deep waste heat exchange device according to the acid dew point, and transmits the signals to the human-computer interface interaction device;
the human-computer interface interaction device is used for receiving signals sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device, the mass flowmeter, the water temperature sensor and the flue gas acid dew point meter, carrying out heat metering according to the signals, transmitting metering results to the PLC control unit, and dynamically regulating and controlling the operation of the flue gas electric regulating valve group and the electric circulating water pump according to the metering results by the PLC control unit so as to carry out deep flue gas waste heat recovery.
Preferably: the flue gas pipeline comprises an original flue gas pipeline and a flue gas bypass which is arranged on the original flue gas pipeline in parallel; the main waste heat exchange device, the deep waste heat exchange device and the flue gas acid dew point meter are sequentially arranged on the flue gas bypass along the exhaust direction, a flue gas electric regulating valve is arranged on the original flue gas pipeline, and the flue gas electric regulating valve is in signal connection with the PLC control unit.
Preferably: the flue gas electric regulating valve group comprises two flue gas electric regulating valves, and the two flue gas electric regulating valves are respectively arranged on the flue gas pipeline at the front side of the main waste heat exchange device and the rear side of the flue gas acid dew point meter.
Preferably: the three thermocouple temperature measuring devices are respectively arranged on the flue gas pipelines at two sides of the main waste heat exchanging device and the rear side wall of the deep waste heat exchanging device.
Preferably: the mass flowmeter is four and is respectively arranged on the two branches of the water inlet pipe and the two branches of the water outlet pipe.
Further: the mass flow meters on the two branches of the water inlet pipe are ultrasonic flow meters, and the mass flow meters on the two branches of the water outlet pipe are pore plate flow meters.
Preferably: the water temperature sensors are respectively arranged between the water inlet pipe branch and the fluid pipeline to be heated and between the water outlet pipe branch and the fluid pipeline to be heated.
Preferably: the electric circulating water pumps are two, are respectively arranged on two branches of the water inlet pipe, each electric circulating water pump comprises a motor, a speed regulating device and a water pump body which are connected through signals, the motor and the speed regulating device are respectively connected with the PLC control device through signals, one end of the water pump body is connected with the main waste heat exchange device or the deep waste heat exchange device, and the other end of the water pump body is connected with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated.
Preferably: the speed regulation mode of the electric circulating water pump is permanent magnet speed regulation, hydraulic coupling speed regulation or variable frequency speed regulation.
Preferably: the outlet of the circulating water pump is provided with a pressure gauge, and the pressure gauge indicates whether leakage occurs by displaying whether the pressure of fluid in the circulating pipeline suddenly drops.
Preferably: the deep waste heat exchange device is made of high-grade corrosion-resistant materials.
Preferably: the two fluid pipelines to be heated are arranged in parallel and are respectively communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the circulating pipeline.
Further: and switching valves are arranged at the communication positions of the two fluid pipelines to be heated and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the circulating pipeline, and are in signal connection with the PLC control device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing flue gas waste heat recovery system, the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system provided by the invention is provided with the deep waste heat recovery heat exchange device and the flue gas acid dew point meter, wherein the flue gas acid dew point meter can perform on-line acquisition and analysis on the acid dew point, and dynamically adjust the heat absorption capacity of the deep waste heat exchanger body, so that the lower limit of flue gas recovery and utilization is reduced, and more flue gas waste heat resource quantity is obtained;
in addition, compared with the existing flue gas waste heat recovery system, the system has the advantages that the heat is calculated more accurately, the accurate measurement of the heat is realized jointly by arranging the thermocouple temperature measuring device, the mass flowmeter, the water temperature sensor, the man-machine interface interaction device and the PLC control device in a closed-loop control mode, rather than only adopting the traditional heat meter to measure the heat, and the reason and the advantage of the arrangement are as follows:
firstly, detecting fluid flow on a circulating pipeline, which passes in and out of a main waste heat exchange device and a deep waste heat exchange device, using a mass flowmeter, detecting fluid temperature on the circulating pipeline, which passes in and out of the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device, using a thermocouple temperature measuring device, and detecting inlet and outlet fluid temperature on a flue gas pipeline of the main waste heat exchange device and outlet wall temperature of the deep waste heat exchange device;
secondly, the man-machine interface interaction device is used for accurately calculating the heat obtained by the heated fluid by receiving the flow signal of the mass flowmeter, the inlet and outlet temperature signal sent by the water temperature sensor and the thermocouple temperature measuring device and matching with the thermodynamic property of water, so that the installation program of the heat meter is saved;
in addition, after the calculation of the man-machine interface interaction device is finished, signals are transmitted to the PLC control device, the man-machine interface interaction device realizes an enhancement function, and the man-machine interface interaction device performs customization (such as customizing the function of recycling heat and turning the coal quantity according to the price of the coal, settling the income according to the price of the coal, settling the energy quantity and the energy-saving benefit function according to time, and the like) according to the characteristics of projects (such as checking the energy-saving benefits of both sides and checking the energy-saving quantity), so that the deep recycling of the waste heat of the flue gas is realized, and the traditional heat meter has a single function and cannot realize the purposes;
in conclusion, the invention can recycle more waste heat than the conventional waste heat recycling device, thereby remarkably saving energy consumption and increasing economic benefits of enterprises.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electric circulating water pump according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric circulating water pump according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a flue gas duct; 11. a main waste heat exchange device; 12. a deep waste heat exchange device; 2. a circulation pipe; 21. a switching valve; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 22. A fluid line to be heated; 3. a thermocouple temperature measuring device; 4. a mass flowmeter; 5. a water temperature sensor; 6. flue gas acid dew point meter; 7. flue gas electric regulating valve group; 8. an electric circulating water pump; 9. a human-computer interface interaction device; 10. and a PLC control unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a deep flue gas waste heat recovery system, which comprises a flue gas pipeline 1, a circulating pipeline 2 and a control system, wherein a main waste heat exchange device 11 and a deep waste heat exchange device 12 are sequentially arranged on the flue gas pipeline 1 along the discharge direction of gas; the circulating pipeline 2 comprises a water inlet pipe communicated with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline 22 to be heated and a water outlet pipe communicated with the water outlet end of the fluid pipeline 22 to be heated, wherein the other ends of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively provided with two branches and are respectively communicated with the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12; the control system comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device 3, a mass flowmeter 4, a water temperature sensor 5, a flue gas acid dew point meter 6, a flue gas electric regulating valve group 7, an electric circulating water pump 8, a human-computer interface interaction device 9 and a PLC control unit 10 which are connected through signals; the thermocouple temperature measuring device 3 is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the inlet and outlet of the main waste heat exchanging device 11 and the temperature of the outlet wall of the deep waste heat exchanging device 12; the mass flowmeter 4 is used for detecting fluid flow entering and exiting the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12; the water temperature sensor 5 is used for detecting the fluid temperature of the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12; the flue gas acid dew point meter 6 is arranged on the flue gas pipeline 1 at the rear side of the deep waste heat exchange device 11, calculates an acid dew point in real time by collecting signals sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device 3, the mass flowmeter 4 and the water temperature sensor 5 on line, dynamically adjusts the heat absorption capacity of the deep waste heat exchange device 12 according to the acid dew point, and transmits the signals to the human-computer interface interaction device 9; the human-computer interface interaction device 9 is used for receiving signals sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device 3, the mass flowmeter 4, the water temperature sensor 5 and the flue gas acid dew point meter 6, measuring heat according to the signals, transmitting the measuring result to the PLC control unit 10, and dynamically regulating and controlling the operation of the flue gas electric regulating valve group 7 and the electric circulating water pump 8 by the PLC control unit 10 according to the measuring result so as to perform deep flue gas waste heat recovery.
The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can be applied to the recovery of various industrial boilers such as the recovery of natural gas boiler flue gas waste heat, coal-fired boiler flue gas waste heat, oil-fired boiler flue gas waste heat, incinerator flue gas waste heat and the like. The temperature and the flue gas quantity of the flue gas before entering the waste heat recovery system generally fluctuate within a certain range, although the flue gas quantity of the automobile coating industry is relatively stable; however, for the power industry, the smoke amount is proportional to the load, and the smoke amount is changed frequently when the load is regulated; according to the invention, the automatic control is performed according to the data of the flue gas quantity, the flue gas temperature and the like acquired by the PLC control unit 10, and the dynamic heat absorption adjustment is performed by adjusting the flue gas quantity of the flue gas entering the deep waste heat recovery system and the circulating water flow in the fluid pipeline 22 to be heated, so that the flue gas temperature and the wall surface temperature at the tail end of the equipment are ensured, the waste heat is absorbed to the maximum extent in a safety range above the acid dew point of the flue gas, the acid dew corrosion condition is reduced, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
Compared with the existing flue gas waste heat recovery system, the flue gas acid dew point meter 6 and the deep waste heat recovery heat exchange device 12 are arranged, wherein the flue gas acid dew point meter 6 can perform on-line acquisition and analysis on an acid dew point, and dynamically adjust the heat absorption capacity of the deep waste heat exchanger 12, so that the lower limit of flue gas recycling is reduced, and more flue gas waste heat resource quantity is obtained; in addition, compared with the existing flue gas waste heat recovery system, the invention has more accurate calculation of heat, realizes accurate measurement of heat together by setting the thermocouple temperature measuring device 3, the mass flowmeter 4, the water temperature sensor 5, the flue gas acid dew point meter 6, the man-machine interface interaction device 9 and the PLC control device 10 in a closed loop control mode, and does not only adopt the traditional heat meter to measure heat, and the reason and the advantages of the setting are as follows: firstly, detecting fluid flow on a circulating pipeline 2, which passes in and out of a main waste heat exchange device 11 and a deep waste heat exchange device 12, by using a mass flow 4, detecting fluid temperature on the circulating pipeline 2, which passes in and out of the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12, by using a water temperature sensor 5, and detecting inlet and outlet fluid temperature on a flue gas pipeline 2 of the main waste heat exchange device 11 and outlet wall temperature of the deep waste heat exchange device 12 by using a thermocouple temperature measuring device 3; secondly, the man-machine interface interaction device 9 is used for accurately calculating the heat obtained by the heated fluid by receiving the flow signal of the mass flowmeter 4, the water temperature sensor 5 and the inlet and outlet temperature signal sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device 3 and matching the thermodynamic property of water, so that the installation program of the heat meter is also saved; furthermore, after the calculation of the man-machine interface interaction device 9 is finished, signals are transmitted to the PLC control device 10, the man-machine interface interaction device 9 realizes an enhancement function, and the energy-saving scheme is set according to the characteristics of projects (such as energy-saving benefits of two parties for accounting and energy-saving quantity checking), such as the function of customizing and recovering heat quantity of the heat quantity, the function of settling the income according to the price of the standard coal, the function of settling the energy-saving quantity and the energy-saving benefit on schedule and the like, so that the deep recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas is realized, and the traditional heat meter has single function and cannot realize the purposes; therefore, the invention can recycle more waste heat than the conventional waste heat recycling device, obviously saves energy cost and increases economic benefit of enterprises.
The flue gas pipeline 2 of the invention can be an original flue gas pipeline, and also can be composed of the original flue gas pipeline and a flue gas bypass which is arranged on the original flue gas pipeline in parallel, if the original flue gas pipeline 2 is used, unnecessary elbow pipelines can be reduced, the running resistance of the system is reduced, and the kinetic energy consumption of the original fan system is reduced; if a flue gas bypass is arranged, the original flue gas can be smoothly discharged through the flue gas regulating valve when the system fails.
When being equipped with the flue gas bypass, main waste heat transfer device 11, degree of depth waste heat transfer device 12 and flue gas acid dew point meter 6 set gradually along the exhaust direction on the flue gas bypass, set up the flue gas electric control valve on the former flue gas pipeline 2 alone, flue gas electric control valve group 7 includes two flue gas electric control valves in addition, these two flue gas electric control valves locate respectively on the flue gas pipeline 1 of main waste heat transfer device 11 front side and flue gas acid dew point meter 6 rear side, three flue gas electric control valves are energy-saving low resistance flue gas control valve to with PLC control unit 10 signal connection.
The main difference between the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12 is that the working temperature ranges are different, and the acid and dew corrosion resistance of the materials are different. Wherein the main waste heat exchange device 11 is responsible for recycling the exhaust gas temperature from 140-160 ℃ to about 120 ℃; the deep waste heat exchange device 12 is responsible for recovering the exhaust gas temperature from 120 ℃ to above an acid dew point (the acid dew point is related to sulfur content and smoke components), and the material of the deep waste heat exchange device 12 is required to have relatively high acid dew corrosion resistance. In addition, the problem of reducing the total resistance should be fully considered when designing the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12, as a preferred embodiment, the flow area can be uniformly enlarged, and fluid simulation is adopted to optimize, so that when the waste gas passes through the main waste heat exchange device 11 and the deep waste heat exchange device 12, the flow area can be firstly enlarged, and then the original state is restored, and thus, even if the system adopts two heat exchanger bodies, the total resistance can be equal to the resistance of a common flue gas heat exchanger. Wherein the main waste heat exchange device 11 can be made of common materials; advanced corrosion resistant materials such as general purpose stainless steel, steel for acid exposure corrosion resistance, steel for newly added ceramic corrosion and wear resistant coatings, etc. are used for the deep heat waste heat exchange device 12 to increase the economy of the system.
The number of the thermocouple temperature measuring devices 3 is three, and the thermocouple temperature measuring devices are respectively arranged on the flue gas pipelines 1 at two sides of the main waste heat exchanging device 11 and on the rear side wall of the deep waste heat exchanging device 12. The water temperature sensors 5 are respectively arranged between the water inlet pipe branch and the fluid pipeline 22 to be heated and between the water outlet pipe branch and the fluid pipeline 22 to be heated. The mass flowmeter 4 is four and is respectively arranged on two branches of the water inlet pipe and two branches of the water outlet pipe. The mass flow meters 4 on the two branches of the water inlet pipe can be ultrasonic flow meters, the mass flow meters 4 on the two branches of the water outlet pipe can be orifice plate flow meters, the mass flow meters 4 participate in heat metering, and two sets of heat metering devices can be saved. In addition, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively provided with two flow meters, the two flow meters can be used for auxiliary monitoring of the leakage of the water pipeline of the heat exchanger system, if the heat exchanger pipe leaks, the initial stage can be represented by the reduction and the reduction of the power of the recovered waste heat, and if the later stage is serious, once the water leakage occurs, the water leakage can be found from the numerical value change relation of the two flow meters; the problem of safe operation is solved, and the method is suitable for occasions with high requirements on process environment.
The two electric circulating water pumps 8 are respectively arranged on two branches of the water inlet pipe, each electric circulating water pump 8 comprises a motor 81, a speed regulating device 82 and a water pump body 83 which are connected through signals, the motor 81 and the speed regulating device 82 are respectively connected with the PLC control device through signals 10, the speed regulating mode of the electric circulating water pumps 8 can be permanent magnet speed regulation, hydraulic coupling speed regulation or variable frequency speed regulation, one end of the water pump body 83 is connected with the main waste heat exchange device 11 or the deep waste heat exchange device 12, and the other end of the water pump body 83 is connected with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline 22 to be heated.
The following describes an electric circulating water pump set 8 with reference to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the electric circulating water pump set 8 is composed of a motor 81, a speed regulating device 82, and a water pump body 83, and the speed regulating device 82 is a permanent magnet speed regulating mode; one end of the motor 81 is connected with the PLC control device 10, the other end is connected with the speed regulating device 82, one end of the speed regulating device 82 is connected with the motor 81, one end of the speed regulating device 82 is connected with the water pump body 83, and the speed regulating device 82 is also connected with the PLC control device 10; the following describes the electric circulating water pump unit 8 with reference to fig. 3, and in another embodiment, the electric circulating water pump unit 8 is composed of a speed regulating device 82, a motor 81, and a water pump body 83; the speed regulating device 82 is in a frequency converter speed regulating mode, one end of the speed regulating device 82 is connected with the motor 81, and the other end is connected with the PLC control device 10 and a power supply; the motor 81 and the water pump body 83 are directly connected. In both embodiments, a pressure gauge (not shown in the figures) may be provided at the outlet of the electric circulating water pump unit 8, which may further characterize whether leakage problems occur, i.e. by observing whether the pressure gauge suddenly drops.
The human-computer interface interaction device 9 is in signal connection with the PLC control device 10, can complete setting of parameters of the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system, and can make proper adjustment according to requirements; and the operation of the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system can be monitored by parameters, and hierarchical management authority is set. Wherein the human-machine interface interaction device 10 comprises a heat calculation algorithm module (not shown in the figure) and a display screen (not shown in the figure), wherein the heat calculation algorithm module is used for performing statistics and calculation functions of recovered heat according to the received signals. The display screen can be a resistive touch screen or a capacitive touch screen, and is used for displaying various parameters to a user, so that the parameters can be monitored and set conveniently. All monitoring and control operation parameters and operation records of the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system are stored in the human-computer interface interaction device 9, so that the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system can be stored for a long time, and is convenient for subsequent research and analysis and fault tracing.
The communication interface of the PLC control device 10 can be in various forms, such as RS-232, RS-485, RJ45 and the like, the other end of the PLC control device 10 can be connected with the communication interface of the original centralized control center, taking an automobile coating workshop as an example, the original measuring points of the coating workshop comprise the frequency conversion frequency of an exhaust fan, the temperature of exhaust gas of the exhaust fan, the temperature of the purified exhaust gas outlet of the incinerator, the temperature of each heat exchange box, the temperature of high-temperature exhaust gas after the tail air preheater and the like, and when the PLC control device 10 is connected with the communication interface of the original centralized control center, the original data acquisition measuring points of the heat recovery type thermal incineration system and auxiliary machines thereof by the original centralized control center can be fully utilized. And the acquisition equipment is not required to be repeatedly arranged, so that the investment in measurement and control aspects is reduced. Namely, the two communication protocols can be connected in a seamless way as long as the original centralized control center opens the communication protocol. The existing control panel of the original centralized control center of the painting workshop can be used by multiple terminals, and the monitoring and control interfaces of each drying furnace and the subordinate equipment thereof are integrated. From the consideration of not influencing the control safety of the original centralized control center, the core control program of the deep waste heat recovery system can be embedded into the PLC control logic to be independently controlled, and the centralized control center only performs part of the demonstration interface; for unified management, the system can be integrated into the control logic of the original centralized control center, and both the system and the method can be used. Of course, the control program built in the PLC control device 10 may not be connected to the original centralized control center, and the automatic system adjustment and control functions may be independently completed.
In addition, two fluid pipelines 22 to be heated according to the present invention may be provided, one of which is provided with heating circulating water to be heated and the other of which is provided with high-temperature circulating water to be heated, and the two fluid pipelines to be heated are arranged in parallel and are respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the circulating pipeline 2. The communication parts of the two fluid pipelines 22 to be heated and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the circulating pipeline 2 are respectively provided with a switching valve 21, and the switching valves 21 are in signal connection with the PLC control device 10. That is, the number of the switching valves 21 is four, and the four switching valves 21 may be manual valves or electric valves, and may be switched to heating circulating water in winter, and to heating process high-temperature circulating water in other times, etc. In other embodiments of the present invention, when the object to be heated is one, the fluid line 22 to be heated includes one line, and the number of the switching valves 21 is two.
As a preferred embodiment, the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system can be further provided with a UPS (uninterrupted Power supply), and the UPS is in signal connection with the PLC control device 10 so as to ensure that the deep flue gas waste heat recovery device system and auxiliary machines thereof can be controlled and regulated after the mains supply is suddenly powered off. Before the UPS uninterrupted power supply is exhausted, the PLC control device 10 enters a power-down exit program, the regulating valve of the flue gas pipeline 1 enters a fully-opened state, and after power supply is recovered, self-control regulation is restarted.
After the deep flue gas waste heat recovery system is adopted, the waste heat in the flue gas can be deeply recovered, the flue gas acid dew point of the end wall surface of the device is tracked, the flue gas waste heat is recovered to the maximum extent, and the flue gas waste heat recovery system can recover more than about 20-30% of the flue gas waste heat resource amount compared with a common flue gas waste heat recovery device, so that the project economy is improved, the comprehensive heat efficiency of waste heat recovery is improved, and the purposes of remarkable energy conservation and synergy are finally realized.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a degree of depth flue gas waste heat recovery system which characterized in that includes:
the flue gas pipeline is sequentially provided with a main waste heat exchange device and a deep waste heat exchange device along the gas discharge direction, wherein the deep waste heat exchange device is made of advanced corrosion-resistant materials, and comprises an original flue gas pipeline and a flue gas bypass which is arranged on the original flue gas pipeline in parallel; the main waste heat exchange device, the deep waste heat exchange device and the flue gas acid dew point meter are sequentially arranged on the flue gas bypass along the exhaust direction, a flue gas electric regulating valve is arranged on the original flue gas pipeline, and the flue gas electric regulating valve is in signal connection with the PLC control unit;
the circulating pipeline comprises a water inlet pipe communicated with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated and a water outlet pipe communicated with the water outlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated, wherein the other ends of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively provided with two branches and are respectively communicated with the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device;
the control system comprises a thermocouple temperature measuring device, a mass flowmeter, a water temperature sensor, a flue gas acid dew point meter, a flue gas electric regulating valve group, an electric circulating water pump, a human-computer interface interaction device and a PLC control unit which are connected through signals;
the thermocouple temperature measuring device is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid at the inlet and outlet of the main waste heat exchange device and the temperature of the outlet wall of the deep waste heat exchange device;
the mass flowmeter is used for detecting fluid flow entering and exiting the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device;
the water temperature sensor is used for detecting the fluid temperature entering and exiting the main waste heat exchange device and the deep waste heat exchange device;
the flue gas acid dew point meter is arranged on a flue gas pipeline at the rear side of the deep waste heat exchange device, calculates an acid dew point in real time by on-line acquisition of signals sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device, the mass flowmeter and the water temperature sensor, dynamically adjusts the heat absorption capacity of the deep waste heat exchange device according to the acid dew point, and transmits the signals to the human-computer interface interaction device;
the human-computer interface interaction device is used for receiving signals sent by the thermocouple temperature measuring device, the mass flowmeter, the water temperature sensor and the flue gas acid dew point meter, carrying out heat metering according to the signals, transmitting metering results to the PLC control unit, and dynamically regulating and controlling the operation of the flue gas electric regulating valve group and the electric circulating water pump according to the metering results by the PLC control unit so as to carry out deep flue gas waste heat recovery;
and switching valves are arranged at the communication positions of the two fluid pipelines to be heated and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the circulating pipeline, and are in signal connection with the PLC control unit.
2. The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas electric regulating valve group comprises two flue gas electric regulating valves, and the two flue gas electric regulating valves are respectively arranged on a flue gas pipeline at the front side of the main waste heat exchange device and the rear side of the flue gas acid dew point meter.
3. The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the thermocouple temperature measuring devices is three, and the thermocouples are respectively arranged on flue gas pipelines on two sides of the main waste heat exchange device and on the rear side wall of the deep waste heat exchange device.
4. The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the water temperature sensors is two, and the water temperature sensors are respectively arranged between the water inlet pipe branch and the fluid pipeline to be heated and between the water outlet pipe branch and the fluid pipeline to be heated; the mass flowmeter is four and is respectively arranged on the two branches of the water inlet pipe and the two branches of the water outlet pipe.
5. The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein two electric circulating water pumps are respectively arranged on two branches of the water inlet pipe, each electric circulating water pump comprises a motor, a speed regulating device and a water pump body which are connected through signals, the motors and the speed regulating devices are respectively connected with the PLC control unit through signals, one end of the water pump body is connected with the main waste heat exchange device or the deep waste heat exchange device, and the other end of the water pump body is connected with the water inlet end of the fluid pipeline to be heated.
6. The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein the speed regulation mode of the electric circulating water pump is one of permanent magnet speed regulation, fluid coupling speed regulation or variable frequency speed regulation.
7. The deep flue gas waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, wherein two fluid pipelines to be heated are arranged, one fluid pipeline is internally provided with heating circulating water to be heated, the other fluid pipeline is internally provided with high-temperature circulating water to be heated, and the two fluid pipelines to be heated are arranged in parallel and are respectively communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the circulating pipeline.
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| KR19980038994U (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-09-15 | 김종진 | Circulating water device for heat recovery system |
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