CN108768175B - Multiphase staggered parallel DC-DC converter device - Google Patents

Multiphase staggered parallel DC-DC converter device Download PDF

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CN108768175B
CN108768175B CN201810622996.8A CN201810622996A CN108768175B CN 108768175 B CN108768175 B CN 108768175B CN 201810622996 A CN201810622996 A CN 201810622996A CN 108768175 B CN108768175 B CN 108768175B
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converter
current
controller
branch
parallel
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CN108768175A (en
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刘彦呈
庄绪州
张勤进
刘厶源
郭昊昊
林叶锦
张博
孙小童
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Dalian Maritime University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter device, which comprises a multiphase interleaving parallel converter main circuit and a control circuit which are mutually connected, wherein the control circuit comprises a voltage controller, a plurality of full load range regulators arranged in parallel, a plurality of current sharing controllers arranged in parallel and a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit, the output end of the voltage controller is connected with the input end of the full load range regulators, the output end of the full load range regulators is connected with the input end of the current sharing controller, and the current sharing controller is connected with each branch circuit in the multiphase interleaving parallel converter main circuit through the PWM circuit. The device expands the application range of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter, and is still suitable for the condition that the parameters of each phase device are different. In a full load range, stable operation of the converter in an inductive current continuous mode is realized, and the problems of oscillation and instability caused by switching of the converter in the continuous mode and the discontinuous mode are solved.

Description

Multiphase staggered parallel DC-DC converter device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter device.
Background
With the development of new energy sources such as wind power generation, solar power generation, fuel cells and the like, the DC-DC converter is more and more widely applied, and new requirements, namely, higher power, higher reliability and higher switching frequency, are put forward for the converter.
The capacity of the single-phase DC-DC converter is improved, so that the high-power switch is expensive, and the design of an inductor and a transformer is complex; the parallel operation of a plurality of DC-DC converters needs to consider the current sharing problem among the converters, the reliability of the system is reduced, the auxiliary material of the product is increased, and the cost is increased. The parallel technology of the DC-DC converter can be roughly divided into two modes of parallel connection of power electronic devices and parallel connection of a plurality of converters, the parallel connection of the plurality of converters needs the coordination control of each converter, the algorithm is complex and is not easy to be popularized, fault points are increased, and the problem of circulation can also exist. Therefore, the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter becomes an ideal scheme for improving the power of the converter at present, the complexity of parallel connection of a plurality of converters is reduced, and the reliability is improved. However, the existing multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter requires that the parameters of each phase branch are strictly consistent, and the current equalization of each phase cannot be realized when the parameters are inconsistent. Meanwhile, Buck and Boost have two modes of continuous inductive current and discontinuous inductive current, mathematical models are a second-order system and a first-order system respectively, control algorithms are different, and current regulation in a full load range cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the problems existing in the prior art, the invention discloses a multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter device, which comprises a multiphase interleaving parallel converter main circuit and a control circuit, wherein the multiphase interleaving parallel converter main circuit and the control circuit are mutually connected;
the voltage controller is used for receiving an output voltage feedback signal of the main circuit of the multiphase interleaving parallel converter to regulate output voltage; the current-sharing controller is used for receiving current feedback signals of all branches in the main circuit of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter to distribute currents in proportion.
An output of the voltage controllerThe value is processed by a full load range regulator to be used as a given value of each branch current sharing controller; the proportion of each branch current of the main circuit of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is determined by each branch current feedback coefficient K1、K2……KnDetermination, i.e. coefficient K1:K2:……Kn=I1max:I2max:……Inmax
The full load range regulator switches value I according to currentr1、Ir2……IrnControlling the number of working branches, wherein the current switching value of the full load range regulator
Figure BDA0001698485670000021
IiminIs the critical inductor current of the ith branch. When the actual current value is smaller than the switching value, the hysteresis loop and the sign function output-1, so that the given value of the current of the branch is a negative number, and the branch is out of operation; otherwise the branch is operated in parallel with the other branches.
When the critical current of the inductance of each branch circuit is 10% of the maximum current of each branch circuit, the minimum current of the main circuit of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is the maximum current of the converter
Figure BDA0001698485670000022
The phase difference of the driving waveform of each branch in the PWM modulation circuit is 360 DEG/n in sequence.
The control circuit in the main circuit of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is a Buck converter, a Boost converter or a flyback converter.
The parameters of active power switch tubes, diodes, inductors or transformers in each branch of the Buck converter, the Boost converter or the flyback converter are the same or different.
The voltage controller and the current-sharing controller are a proportional controller, a PI controller, a PD controller, a PID controller, a fuzzy controller, a robust controller, a sliding mode controller or an adaptive controller.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter device provided by the invention expands the application range of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter, and is still applicable to the condition that parameters of each phase device are different. In a full-load range, stable operation of the converter in an inductive current continuous mode is realized, and the problems of oscillation and instability caused by switching of the converter in the continuous mode and the discontinuous mode are solved; according to the load size, the number of the working branches is seamlessly switched, and only a single branch works during no-load, so that the no-load efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a multiphase interleaved Buck converter arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multiphase interleaved Buck converter arrangement of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multiphase interleaved parallel Boost converter arrangement of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multiphase interleaved flyback converter device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1, the multiphase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter apparatus specifically includes: the multiphase interleaved parallel converter comprises a multiphase interleaved parallel converter main circuit 1 and a control circuit 2 which are mutually connected, wherein the control circuit 2 comprises a voltage controller 21, a plurality of full load range regulators 4 arranged in parallel, a plurality of current sharing controllers 3 arranged in parallel and a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit 5. The output end of the voltage controller 21 is connected with the input end of a full load range regulator 4, the output end of the full load range regulator 4 is connected with the input end of a current-sharing controller 3, and the current-sharing controller 3 is connected with each branch in the main circuit 1 of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter through a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit 5. The voltage controller 21 is used for receiving an output voltage feedback signal of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter main circuit 1 to regulate an output voltage; and the current-sharing controller 3 is used for receiving current feedback signals of all branches in the main circuit 1 of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter to distribute currents in proportion.
Further, the current sharing controller 3 comprises a current controller which is divided into a plurality of branches and arranged in parallel. The current of each branch can be distributed in proportion regardless of whether the parameters and the capacities of the branches of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter are the same or not. The output of the voltage controller 21 is used as the given value of each branch current controller, and the proportion of each branch current is determined by each branch current feedback coefficient K1、K2……KnDetermination of the coefficient K1:K2:……Kn=I1max:I2max:……Inmax. Switching the value I according to the current by means of a full-load-range regulatorr1、Ir2……IrnThe number of working branches is controlled, so that the multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter realizes the continuous mode operation of the inductor current in the full load range, and the current switching value of the regulator in the full load range
Figure BDA0001698485670000031
Wherein IiminIs the critical inductor current of the ith branch. The critical current of each branch inductor is designed to be 10% of the maximum current of each branch, so that the minimum current of the multiphase interleaving parallel DC-DC converter is only the maximum current of the converter
Figure BDA0001698485670000032
When the actual current value is smaller than the switching value, the hysteresis loop and the sign function output-1, and the given value of the branch current is a negative number, so that the branch is out of operation; otherwise the branch is operated in parallel with the other branches.
Further, the phase of the driving waveform of each branch in the PWM modulation circuit 5 is sequentially different by 360 °/n.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the control circuit in the main circuit 1 of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is a Buck converter, a Boost converter or a flyback converter.
Furthermore, parameters of active power switch tubes, diodes, inductors or transformers in each branch of the Buck converter, the Boost converter or the flyback converter are set to be the same or different. When the converter is designed to require that the currents of all branches are equal, only the active power switch tube, the diode and the inductor with the same parameters are used for all branches. When the capacity of each branch is increased in sequence, the minimum current of the whole converter depends on the branch with the minimum capacity, a small dummy load is added to the converter, the converter realizes the adjustment in the full load range, and the no-load efficiency of the converter is greatly improved.
Further, the voltage controller 21 and the current-sharing controller 3 are a proportional controller, a PI controller, a PD controller, a PID controller, a fuzzy controller, a robust controller, a sliding mode controller, or an adaptive controller.
Example (b):
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Buck converter device including an input power source U according to an embodiment of the present inventioninAn input capacitor CinAn output capacitor COAnd n branches; each branch consists of an active switching tube S, an inductor L and a diode, and each branch is of Buck topology. The drive of the switch tubes of the n branches of the converter has a difference of 360 degrees/n in sequence, so that the inductive current of each branch also has a difference of 360 degrees/n. Because the inductive currents of all phases are mutually staggered, the total inductive current ripple is reduced.
In fig. 2, the output voltage of the converter is used as feedback, compared with a given voltage value, and the difference between the two is used as an input signal of the voltage controller 21, and the output voltage is controlled to be stabilized at the given value by methods such as PI. Output I of voltage controller 21refThe given values of the current loops of the branches are equal; changing current feedback coefficient K of each branch circuit1、K2……KnThe current distribution proportion of each branch can be determined.For the ith branch, the current IiMultiplying by a feedback factor KiRear and current set value IrefAnd comparing, and controlling the duty ratio of the branch circuit to adjust the magnitude of the inductive current through the current controller.
The current of the ith branch is as follows:
Ii=Iref/Ki
the current distribution proportion of each branch is as follows:
I1:I2:…In=1/K1:1/K2:…1/Kn
i.e. adjusting the feedback coefficient KiThe current distribution ratio of the ith branch can be changed.
The Buck converter has two modes of continuous and discontinuous inductive current, so-called continuous inductive current (CCM) means that the current in an inductor L is kept continuous, and the minimum value is larger than zero; inductor current interruption (DCM) refers to the time when the current in the inductor L exists equal to zero, and the current is interrupted within one cycle. In the inductance continuous mode, a mathematical model of the Buck converter is a second-order model; in the inductive discontinuous mode, the mathematical model of the Buck converter is a first order model. Because the mathematical models in the two modes are different, the controller difference is large, and a uniform control strategy is difficult to realize in the whole load range.
The traditional design mode is that the converter is designed to be in a single working mode, and the current-continuous Buck converter takes the critical current as 10% of a rated value; meanwhile, in order to prevent the converter from entering the discontinuous mode, a fixed dummy load is added when the inductive current is lower than the critical current. Since the converter current needs to be maintained continuously and a dummy load must be taken into account when no load is applied, the no-load efficiency is lower than 90%, and in fact the equivalent rate tends to be lower due to switching losses.
According to the invention, n-level different current switching values are set according to the magnitude of the inductive current so as to control the number of working branches. Current switching value of each branch:
Figure BDA0001698485670000051
given value of current loop of ith branch:
Iri=Iref·sgn(Ici-IL)
when the inductive current IL>0.1ILmaxWhen the given value of each branch current loop is IrefN branches in proportion of 1/K1:1/K2:…1/KnThe current is distributed evenly. When the current of the inductor flows
Figure BDA0001698485670000061
The switching value I of the nth branchcnIs greater than ILThe difference value is output to-1 after passing through sign function sgn (x), and the current loop given value I of the nth branchrn<0, the nth branch stops working, and the rest branches still work in the continuous mode. To prevent frequent switching, hysteresis is added in front of the sign function to adjust.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A multiphase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter device, characterized in that: the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter comprises a multi-phase interleaved parallel converter main circuit (1) and a control circuit (2) which are connected with each other, wherein the control circuit (2) comprises a voltage controller (21), a plurality of full load range regulators (4) arranged in parallel, a plurality of current sharing controllers (3) arranged in parallel and a PWM (pulse width modulation) circuit (5), the output end of the voltage controller (21) is connected with the input end of the full load range regulator (4), the output end of the full load range regulator (4) is connected with the input end of the current sharing controller (3), and the current sharing controller (3) is connected with each branch in the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter main circuit (1) through the PWM circuit (5);
the voltage controller (21) is used for receiving an output voltage feedback signal of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter main circuit (1) to regulate output voltage; the current-sharing controller (3) is used for receiving current feedback signals of all branches in the main circuit (1) of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter to distribute currents in proportion;
the output value of the voltage controller (21) is processed by a full-load range regulator (4) to be used as the given value of each branch current-sharing controller (3); the proportion of each branch current of the main circuit (1) of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is determined by each branch current feedback coefficient K1、K2……KnDetermination, i.e. coefficient K1:K2:……Kn=I1max:I2max:……Inmax
The full-load-range regulator (4) switches the value I according to the currentr1、Ir2……IrnControlling the number of working branches, wherein the current switching value of the full load range regulator (4)
Figure FDA0002392054360000011
IiminWhen the actual current value is smaller than the switching value, the hysteresis loop and the sign function output-1, so that the given value of the current of the branch is a negative number, and the branch is withdrawn from working; otherwise the branch is operated in parallel with the other branches,
when the critical current of the inductance of each branch circuit is 10% of the maximum current of each branch circuit, the minimum current of the main circuit (1) of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is the maximum current of the converter
Figure FDA0002392054360000012
2. A multiphase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter arrangement according to claim 1 further characterized by: the phase of the driving waveform of each branch in the PWM modulation circuit (5) is different by 360 degrees/n in sequence.
3. A multiphase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter arrangement according to any of claims 1-2 further characterized in that: the control circuit in the main circuit (1) of the multiphase interleaved parallel converter is a Buck converter, a Boost converter or a flyback converter.
4. A multiphase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter arrangement according to claim 3 further characterized by: the parameters of active power switch tubes, diodes, inductors or transformers in each branch of the Buck converter, the Boost converter or the flyback converter are the same or different.
5. A multiphase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter arrangement according to claim 4 further characterized by: the voltage controller (21) and the current-sharing controller (3) are a proportional controller, a PI controller, a PD controller, a PID controller, a fuzzy controller, a robust controller, a sliding mode controller or a self-adaptive controller.
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CN113872438B (en) * 2021-09-02 2024-07-05 联合汽车电子有限公司 Method and system for detecting open circuit of multiphase staggered parallel DCDC converter
CN114679058B (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-09-23 浙江大学 Multiphase interleaved parallel direct current converter and control method thereof
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