CN108750694B - General arrangement and loading and unloading process of three-dimensional automatic container terminal and system thereof - Google Patents
General arrangement and loading and unloading process of three-dimensional automatic container terminal and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108750694B CN108750694B CN201810585432.1A CN201810585432A CN108750694B CN 108750694 B CN108750694 B CN 108750694B CN 201810585432 A CN201810585432 A CN 201810585432A CN 108750694 B CN108750694 B CN 108750694B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G63/00—Transferring or trans-shipping at storage areas, railway yards or harbours or in opening mining cuts; Marshalling yard installations
- B65G63/002—Transferring or trans-shipping at storage areas, railway yards or harbours or in opening mining cuts; Marshalling yard installations for articles
- B65G63/004—Transferring or trans-shipping at storage areas, railway yards or harbours or in opening mining cuts; Marshalling yard installations for articles for containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G67/00—Loading or unloading vehicles
- B65G67/60—Loading or unloading ships
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a general arrangement and loading and unloading process of a three-dimensional automatic container terminal and a system thereof, wherein the container terminal comprises six parts, namely a sea-going vessel terminal, a barge terminal, a sea-going vessel terminal front operation zone, a barge terminal front operation zone, a container yard and a land side interaction zone; the loading and unloading system consists of a shore bridge, a barge loading and unloading ship crown block, a sea-going vessel wharf front-edge three-dimensional track horizontal transport system, a barge wharf front-edge three-dimensional track horizontal transport system and a three-dimensional automatic yard loading and unloading system; the loading and unloading process steps are completed after unloading ship, loading and unloading ship on barge wharf, loading and unloading container, and unloading container in container yard. The arrangement of all the functional areas of the overall arrangement is compact, the land utilization rate is high, the horizontal distance of transportation is short, and the interference-free energy consumption is low. The whole loading and unloading system and the process technology are mature and reliable, the control system is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of container terminals, in particular to an overall arrangement and loading and unloading process and system of a three-dimensional automatic container terminal.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, the current domestic and foreign automatic container wharfs are all arranged in a large linear quay mode of front shorelines. It is composed of the following contents: dock front loading and unloading ship operation area, horizontal transportation operation area, container sea side interaction area, container yard and container land side interaction area. The overall arrangement of the automatic wharf is characterized in that the wharf is arranged on a front shoreline, and a wharf or a no-side shoreline is arranged on a side shoreline; the container sea side interaction area is arranged close to the dock front loading and unloading ship operation area, the container yard box area and the track are arranged perpendicular to the dock front shoreline, and the container yard box area and the track form a closed area for running; the container land-side interaction zone is disposed at an opposite end of the container yard sea-side interaction zone. The loading and unloading system is mainly characterized in that a container shoreside loading and unloading bridge, an Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) or a straddle carrier and an automatic track type gantry crane (ARMG) are adopted. An Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) or a straddle carrier operates in a sea-side interaction area, and a port outer collector card operates in a container land-side interaction area. The overall arrangement and loading and unloading system in the form that the AGVs or the straddle carriers are driven in the enclosed area and the outside trailer is driven in the gate-to-land side interaction area is reasonable in that the planned route of the AGVs or the straddle carriers is simple, the driving distance is short and the energy consumption is low. However, the main container terminal in the estuary area of the water network has higher water channel dredging proportion of river steamer barge terminals, and has larger demand on the barge terminals, and the following problems exist when the plane arrangement and loading and unloading system is adopted: 1. the fact that no independent barge wharf is arranged, river steamer and the sea-going vessel share the front shoreline to share the loading bridge results in high energy consumption for loading bridge operation and reduces the loading and unloading ship efficiency of the sea-going vessel wharf. 2. When a barge terminal (see fig. 2) is arranged on the side of a container sea-going vessel terminal and the loading and unloading system is adopted, the number of AGVs or straddle carriers is increased significantly, the horizontal transport distance is increased significantly, the mutual interference between the horizontal transport and the sea-side interaction of the container is large, and the overall loading and unloading efficiency of the terminal is further reduced. 3. The AGV or the straddle carrier has high technical requirements, complex navigation and route planning algorithms and high initial investment of wharfs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and designs a general arrangement and loading and unloading process and a system thereof of a three-dimensional automatic container terminal.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
a general arrangement for a stereoscopic automated container terminal, comprising:
the sea-going vessel wharf is arranged on the front shoreline and is linear quay;
The barge wharf is arranged on the side shoreline and has an included angle of more than or equal to 90 degrees with the front shoreline of the sea-going vessel wharf; the barge dock is formed by a jetty and a dock at intervals to form a plurality of comb-shaped dock structures, each comb-shaped dock is composed of two jettys and a dock, the jetty is shared by adjacent comb-shaped dock, the jetty and the dock of each comb-shaped dock are parallel to the sea-going dock shoreline or the container yard case zone line, and the width of the jetty and the container yard case zone line are the same as the width of the container yard case zone line;
The sea-going vessel wharf front operation zone is between the sea-going vessel wharf and the container yard and comprises a wharf front loading and unloading ship operation zone, a horizontal transportation zone and a sea-side interaction zone;
the barge dock front working zone is between the barge dock and the container yard and comprises a dock front loading and unloading ship working zone, a horizontal transportation zone and a sea side interaction zone;
The container yard is arranged in the middle of the wharf and is between the sea-side interaction area and the land-side interaction area, and consists of a plurality of box areas which are arranged parallel to the shoreline of the seagoing vessel wharf, an overhead crane which is arranged on the box areas, a working channel which shuttles to the loading platform, and a plurality of low-frame crane working channels which are perpendicular to the box areas and penetrate through the storage yard between the sea-side interaction area and the land-side interaction area of the seagoing vessel;
the land side interaction area is arranged behind the container yard.
Further, the tank area of the yard is consistent with the width of the comb-shaped harbor pool dock of the barge dock; the width of the box area of the storage yard is designed according to 8-12 rows of box spans of the overhead travelling crane.
The general arrangement of the invention can very conveniently form two independent closed areas by closing the purse seine in the horizontal transportation area and the sea side interaction area of the front operation area of the sea-going vessel wharf, the sea side interaction area and the container yard of the barge wharf and the horizontal transportation area of the front operation area of the barge wharf, thereby being beneficial to unmanned operation of the automated wharf; advantageously, the formation of the overrun specialty case transport path through the non-enclosed area transports overrun specialty containers and hazardous materials containers that are not conducive to automated loading and unloading of the stockpiled containers from conventional truck trailers out of the enclosed area. The emergency fire-fighting access system has the advantages that a certain number of channels and emergency outlets arranged at corresponding positions of the channels in the closed purse net of the automatic operation area are conveniently formed in the closed container yard, so that the emergency fire-fighting access system is formed in a surrounding arrangement, when emergency situations such as fire disaster and the like occur, normal production, loading and unloading can be stopped, effective evacuation can be carried out, and fire-fighting vehicles can arrive and can be saved quickly. The arrangement of each functional area is compact, the land utilization rate is high, the horizontal distance is short, and the energy consumption is low.
Besides being suitable for the common trunk container wharf, the method is also particularly suitable for water network estuary areas with larger water transfer throughput of the river and sea transportation water. The sea-going vessel wharf is arranged on the front side in linear quay mode, the barge wharf is arranged on the side, the included angle between the two shores is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the barge wharf adopts a comb-shaped harbor pool arrangement scheme parallel to the sea-going vessel wharf. The system solves the problem that a barge wharf and an sea-going vessel wharf share a shoreline and share a loading and unloading bridge, and has an independent loading and unloading ship system, low energy consumption and high wharf loading and unloading ship capability.
Further, the present invention provides a handling system comprising:
the shore bridges are respectively arranged at the front edge of the sea-going vessel wharf, and the tracks of the shore bridges are parallel to the shore line of the sea-going vessel wharf;
The barge loading and unloading ship crown block spans over the comb-shaped harbor basin by a foundation and a track beam which are arranged on the comb-shaped harbor basin wharf jetty, and the track beam of the barge loading and unloading ship crown block extends to a container yard and shares a rail with an overhead crown block of the container yard, and the rail gauge and the rail top elevation of the barge loading and unloading ship crown block are the same;
the sea-going vessel wharf front three-dimensional track horizontal transport system is arranged behind a sea-going vessel wharf front quay along a quay Liu Cegui, and consists of two layers of longitudinal tracks, two layers of transverse tracks, a primary-secondary track car and a container shift, wherein the two layers of longitudinal tracks are closely adjacent to and parallel to land side tracks of the quay, the two layers of transverse tracks are perpendicular to the two layers of longitudinal tracks and are respectively and seamlessly connected in a flat manner, the primary-secondary track car runs on the longitudinal tracks, and the container transfer stack is arranged at the tail end of the transverse tracks;
The barge dock front three-dimensional horizontal transportation system is arranged in a barge dock front operation zone and consists of a barge dock front longitudinal rail respectively arranged on jettys at two sides of a comb-shaped dock, a barge dock front longitudinal rail car respectively running on the barge dock front longitudinal rail and a container middle stack arranged at the tail end of the longitudinal rail at the root of the jettys;
The loading and unloading system of the three-dimensional container yard is erected on a foundation and a track beam which are arranged between box areas at intervals and consists of a high-frame crown block, a shuttle transfer platform and a low-frame crown block which are arranged parallel to the quay line of the sea-going vessel, each box area is provided with two layers of tracks of a high-level and medium-level and extends to the position above a barge stacking head, the highest layer of tracks operate the high-frame crown block, the middle layer of tracks operate the shuttle transfer platform, and the tracks of the high-frame crown block and the transfer platform extend to the position above the comb-shaped barge stacking head on the side; the low-frame crown block is erected on a low-frame crown block foundation and a rail beam of a low-frame crown block operation channel, is arranged in a vertical container yard box area, corresponds to a transverse moving rail of a sea side interaction area of the sea wheel wharf and shift in a container one by one, penetrates through the sea side interaction area of the sea wheel wharf to a land side interaction area, and is arranged at the lowest layer.
Further, the two layers of longitudinal rails consist of a layer of high-layer longitudinal rails and a layer of low-layer longitudinal rails, the horizontal distance between the centers of the high-layer longitudinal rails and the low-layer longitudinal rails is 0.5m of the box width plus margin width, and the clear height between the high-layer longitudinal rails and the low-layer longitudinal rails is 0.5m of the sum of the box height and the car height of the primary-secondary rail car.
Further, the two layers of transverse moving tracks consist of a high layer of transverse moving track and a low layer of transverse moving track, and the top elevation of the transverse moving track is equal to the elevation of a corresponding longitudinal track top Cheng Jia longitudinal track bus.
Further, the primary-secondary track car consists of a longitudinal track primary car and a transverse moving secondary car carried on the longitudinal track primary car.
Further, the space relation of the high-frame crown block, the shuttle transfer platform and the low-frame crown block should satisfy: when the overhead travelling crane is positioned on the lowest layer of track, the height of the stacking box of the overhead travelling crane meets the capacity requirement of temporary stacking of the loading and unloading ship of the sea-going vessel wharf; when the overhead travelling crane is positioned on an overhead track and the shuttle transfer platform is positioned on a middle track, the overhead travelling crane and the shuttle transfer platform can pass through each other in a working state, and the lowest point of the structure of the overhead travelling crane and the highest point of the structure of the overhead travelling crane have enough safety distance; and simultaneously, the capacity requirement of stacking containers in each box area is met.
Further, the number of overhead trolleys and shuttle transfer platforms configured in the box areas in the container yard should be determined according to the length of the yard.
Furthermore, the number of overhead travelling cranes arranged in each box area is not less than 2, and the number of shuttle transfer platforms arranged in each box area is not less than 1.
Further, the number of the low overhead cranes configured for each low overhead crane operation channel is determined according to the width of the yard.
Further, the number of overhead travelling cranes is not less than 2.
The invention also provides a loading and unloading process, which comprises the following steps:
S1, unloading, loading and unloading, wherein when unloading, a main trolley of a quay of a sea-going vessel unloads a container from a container ship to a sub-trolley platform in a quay rail, and a locking pin is released manually; then the secondary trolley of the quay crane unloads the container to the primary and secondary rail cars with the longitudinal rails in place; the primary-secondary rail car runs to be in butt joint with a corresponding transverse rail (meanwhile, the other primary-secondary rail car corresponding to the shore bridge starts running in place, the shore bridge correspondingly enters the next working cycle), the transverse secondary car carried on the primary-secondary rail car runs in a sea side interaction area, and the transverse secondary car can interact with a low-frame crown block on a container yard or interact with the low-frame crown block after interacting with a container transfer stack according to conditions; the low-frame crown block runs to the corresponding box area to drop boxes; then the overhead travelling crane is transported to a specified box position of a storage yard, and the system enters the next working cycle; shipping is the reverse of the above process;
s2, loading and unloading the ship on and off the barge wharf,
S21, unloading containers from a container ship to a longitudinal rail by a barge wharf loading and unloading ship crown block, running the longitudinal rail vehicle to the end part of the comb-shaped wharf, and alternately giving the longitudinal rail vehicle to a yard overhead crown block;
s22, or the longitudinal rail cars are interacted with shift in the container and then are interacted with overhead travelling cranes in the storage yard through a container transfer stack;
S23, unloading the container from the container ship to a shuttle transfer platform of a storage yard by a barge wharf loading and unloading ship crown block, and then exchanging the container to the storage yard overhead crown block by the transfer platform;
s24, finally, transporting the overhead travelling crane to a storage yard designated box position;
S25, loading and unloading the ship are opposite;
s3, container port collecting, port dredging, loading and unloading
S31, port collection and delivery channels are formed in the port outer collection and delivery boxes, the port outer collection and delivery boxes enter a storage yard land interaction area, containers are lifted by a low-frame overhead crane of a storage yard and run to a storage yard target box stacking area, and then the containers are lifted to specified boxes by an overhead crane. After the port outer collection card is unloaded from the box, the port outer collection card leaves the port area from the rear collection and distribution channel;
s32, the port dredging method is the reverse process of the set port enterprise method;
s4, loading and unloading of inverted boxes in container yard
S41, two overhead travelling cranes in the same box area are completed in a relay mode, namely, after one overhead travelling crane lifting box is conveyed to a certain temporary position, the other overhead travelling crane is lifted and conveyed to a designated box position;
S41, or the operation is completed by matching an overhead crane and a shuttle transfer platform in the same box area, namely after the transfer platform is operated to a proper position by a transfer platform, the box is lifted by the overhead crane and placed in a designated box position; the container inversion method of different container areas is completed by the overhead crane and the low overhead crane of the storage yard.
Further, the ship for loading and unloading containers on the sea-going vessel wharf is carried out by adopting a three-dimensional loading and unloading (namely loading and unloading simultaneously), all or most of the containers required to be loaded are arranged in a yard of a working channel of a low overhead crane by the overhead crane before the container ship arrives, the ship is unloaded by the low overhead crane firstly, and when the ship is unloaded to meet certain conditions, the three-dimensional loading and unloading operation is carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the sea-going vessel wharf and the barge wharf are reasonably arranged on different adjacent shorelines, and the wharf and the loading and unloading equipment matched with the sea-going vessel wharf and the barge wharf are utilized for loading and unloading ships, so that the sea-going vessel wharf and the barge wharf have no interference and low energy consumption; the three-dimensional track horizontal transportation system and the interaction area which are independently configured for the sea-going vessel wharf and the barge wharf skillfully utilize the space above the container yard to arrange a three-dimensional overhead crane system, the land area utilization rate is high, and the automatic operation of linkage of loading and unloading ships, dredging ports and storage yard pouring boxes of front berths (sea-going vessel wharf) and side berths (barge wharf) can be simultaneously carried out, so that the non-interference loading and unloading efficiency is high; the whole loading and unloading system has mature and reliable technology, simple control system and low manufacturing cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a large linear quay arrangement of a front shoreline;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an ocean going vessel and river steamer separated on the front and side shorelines;
FIG. 3 is a general layout of a stereoscopic automated container terminal of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the general layout of a stereoscopic automated container terminal of the present invention;
FIG. 5-1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sea-going vessel terminal of FIG. 3 in the direction A-A;
FIG. 5-2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sea-going vessel terminal of FIG. 3 in the direction A '-A';
FIG. 6 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the barge terminal (B-B) of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the barge terminal direction (C-C) of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of the marine vessel terminal leading edge working zone of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of the barge terminal edge working area of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of a container yard of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the land-side interaction zone of the present invention;
Reference numerals: 1. seagoing vessel, 2, barge, 3, seagoing vessel quay, 4, side shoreline, 5, barge quay, 6, jetty, 7, harbor basin, 8, seagoing vessel quay front working zone, 9, barge quay front working zone, 10, container yard, 11, land side interaction zone, 12, tank zone, 13, overhead travelling channel, 14, low overhead travelling channel, 15, closed purse net, 16, overrun special case transportation channel, 17, emergency exit, 18, emergency fire channel, 19, shore bridge, 20, barge handling vessel crown block, 21, seagoing vessel quay front stereo rail horizontal transport system, 22, barge front stereo rail horizontal transport system, 23, stereo container yard system, 25, overhead crown block foundation and rail beam, 26, low overhead crown block foundation and rail beam, 27, high-level longitudinal rails, 28, low-level traversing rail, 29, high-level rails, 30, low-level traversing rails, 31, parent rail vehicles, 32, longitudinal rail vehicles, 33, 5736, barge, 5736, container dollies, 37, 34, forward of the like, and shuttle quay front stereo rails, and shuttle quay front stereo rail horizontal transport systems.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc., which are apparent to those skilled in the art without the benefit of this disclosure, are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.
Referring to fig. 3-11, the overall arrangement of the stereoscopic automated container terminal of the present invention generally comprises six major parts: an seagoing vessel terminal 3 for docking with an seagoing vessel 1, said seagoing vessel terminal 3 being arranged at a front shoreline linear quay; the barge wharf 5 is arranged on the side shoreline 4, an included angle between the barge wharf 5 and the front shoreline of the sea-going vessel wharf is more than or equal to 90 degrees, the barge wharf 5 forms a comb-shaped wharf on the side shoreline 4 by a jetty 6 and a harbor pool 7, each comb-shaped wharf consists of two jetties 6 and one harbor pool 7, the jetty 6 is shared by adjacent wharfs, the jetty 6 and the harbor pool 7 of the comb-shaped wharf are parallel to the sea-going vessel wharf shoreline and the box area 12, and the width of the jetty 6 and the box area 12 of the container yard are the same as the width of the box area 12; the sea-going vessel dock-front working zone 8 comprises a dock-front loading and unloading ship working area, a horizontal transportation area and a sea-side interaction area, and is between the sea-going vessel dock 3 and the container yard 10; the barge terminal front working zone 9 comprises a terminal front loading and unloading ship working zone, a horizontal transportation zone and a sea side interaction zone, and is between the barge terminal 5 and the container yard 10; the container yard 10 is arranged in the middle of the wharf and is between a sea side interaction area and a land side interaction area, and consists of a plurality of box areas 12 which are arranged parallel to the coastline of the sea wheel wharf, a plurality of overhead travelling cranes which are arranged on the box areas, a working channel 13 which shuttles to a loading platform, a plurality of low overhead travelling crane working channels 14 which are perpendicular to the box areas and penetrate through the sea side interaction area to the land side interaction area of the sea wheel of the yard, wherein the width of the box areas 12 is consistent with that of the comb-shaped wharf of the barge wharf 5; a land-side interaction zone 11, said land-side interaction zone 11 being arranged behind the container yard 10.
According to the general arrangement of the implementation of the invention, the horizontal transport area and the sea-side interaction area of the sea-going vessel terminal leading edge working zone 8, the barge terminal sea-side interaction area and the container yard 10, and the horizontal transport area of the barge terminal 5 and the leading edge working zone thereof can be very conveniently formed into two independent closed areas by closing the purse seine 15, so as to facilitate unmanned operation of the automated terminal; advantageously, the formation of the overrun specialty case transport tunnel 16 through the non-enclosed area will facilitate the transport of overrun specialty containers and hazardous materials containers that are not amenable to automated loading and unloading and stacking from conventional truck trailers out of the enclosed area. According to the general arrangement of the invention, a certain number of channels and emergency outlets 17 arranged at corresponding positions of the channels in the closed purse net of the automatic operation area are conveniently formed in the closed container yard, so that the emergency fire-fighting channels 18 which are arranged in a surrounding manner are formed, and when emergency situations such as fire disaster and the like occur, normal production, loading and unloading are stopped, effective evacuation can be carried out, and fire-fighting vehicles can be quickly reached and extinguished conveniently. Advantageously, the overall arrangement implemented according to the invention, said functional areas being arranged compactly, with high land utilization, short horizontal distance of transportation and low energy consumption.
The invention also provides a loading and unloading system of the container terminal, which comprises six parts: the system comprises a shore bridge 19, a barge loading and unloading ship crown block 20, a sea-going vessel wharf front-edge stereoscopic rail horizontal transport system 21, a barge wharf front-edge stereoscopic rail horizontal transport system 22 and a stereoscopic container yard loading and unloading system 23; the quay 19 is arranged at the sea-going vessel terminal 3 and its leading loading and unloading area, respectively, with its track parallel to the sea-going vessel terminal shoreline. The shore bridge is used for loading and unloading the container between the ship and the shore;
See in particular figures 5-1, 5-2, 6, 7 and 9. The barge loading and unloading ship crown block 20 spans over the harbor pool 7 of the comb-shaped wharf through a foundation and a track beam arranged on the jetty 6 of the comb-shaped wharf 5, at least one loading and unloading ship crown block is arranged at each berth, the crown block track extends to a storage yard and is shared with an overhead crown block 37 of the container storage yard 10, the track gauge and the track top elevation are the same, and a sufficient safety distance is ensured between the highest point of a full loading box of the barge under a crown block lifting appliance, so that the barge 2 under the crown block lifting appliance can safely enter the harbor pool of the comb-shaped wharf and has a sufficient lifting height, and the local design high water level of the height Cheng You, the barge design ship shape and the crane lifting height requirement are determined; the overhead travelling crane and the overhead travelling crane of the container yard can be matched and used, so that the overhead travelling crane and the sea-going vessel wharf front three-dimensional rail horizontal transport system 21 are arranged behind the sea-going vessel wharf front coastal bridge Liu Cegui and consist of two layers of longitudinal rails (a layer of high-layer longitudinal rails 27 and a layer of low-layer longitudinal rails 28), two layers of transverse rails (a layer of high-layer transverse rails 29 and a layer of low-layer transverse rails 30), a primary-secondary rail car 31 (a longitudinal rail primary car 32 and a transverse sub-car 33 carried on the primary-rail car) and shift (corresponding to the high-layer and low-layer rails) in the container. The two layers of longitudinal rails are arranged in parallel close to land side rails of the shore bridge, namely a low-layer longitudinal rail 28 and a high-layer longitudinal rail 27 in sequence, the horizontal distance between the centers of the two layers of rails is about 0.5m of the box width plus the margin width, and the clear height between the two layers of rails is about 0.5m of the sum of the box height and the car height of the primary-secondary rail car; the transverse moving track is vertical to the two layers of longitudinal tracks and is overlapped on plane projection, and is respectively in seamless flat connection with the two layers of longitudinal tracks, and the top elevation of the transverse moving track is equal to the elevation of the corresponding longitudinal track top Cheng Jia longitudinal railcar parent car 32; the primary-secondary railcar 31 runs on a longitudinal rail, and when running to interface with a traversing rail, the traversing railcar 33 carried thereon can run onto the traversing rail through its upper rail; the end of the traversing rail is provided with a container shift, and the traversing sub-trolley 33 can interact with the container shift through a hydraulic jacking device on the traversing sub-trolley, and can also interact with a low-frame overhead crane of a low-frame overhead crane operation channel in the container yard 10. See in particular figures 5-1, 5-2, 6 and 8.
The barge quay front solid rail horizontal transport system 22 is disposed in a barge quay front working zone and is composed of a barge quay front longitudinal rail 35, a barge quay front longitudinal rail car 36 and a container shift. Each comb-shaped wharf is provided with a longitudinal rail 35 along the front edge of the barge on each jetty 6 on both sides, a longitudinal rail end of a longitudinal rail 36 along the front edge of the barge on each rail and the root of the jetty are correspondingly provided with a container shift, namely, each comb-shaped wharf is provided with two longitudinal rails 35 along the front edge of the barge, a longitudinal rail 36 along the front edge of the barge and shift in the container. The interaction of the barge quay fronts is performed as follows: firstly, the ship crown block 20 is assembled and disassembled through a barge, and is interacted with a longitudinal rail car 36 (shift in a combined container) along the wharf of the barge, and then the longitudinal rail car is moved to a yard overhead crown block 37; and secondly, the barge loading and unloading ship crown blocks 20 are interacted with the yard overhead crown blocks 37 through a shuttle transfer platform 38 in the container yard. See in particular figures 6 and 9.
The three-dimensional container yard loading and unloading system 23 is arranged on the container yard 10 and consists of a high-frame crown block 37, a shuttle transfer platform 38 and a low-frame crown block 39. The container yard cells 12 are arranged parallel to the sea-going vessel quay line 3, several cells being arranged according to the design throughput capacity of the quay. The loading and unloading system is erected on a foundation and a track beam which are arranged between the box areas at intervals, and adopts a reinforced concrete structure or a steel structure. Each box area is provided with two layers of high and medium level tracks and extends to the upper part of the barge stacking head to form an overhead crane foundation and track beams 25, the overhead crane is operated by the highest level track, the shuttle transfer platform is operated by the middle level track, and the tracks of the overhead crane and the transfer platform extend to the upper part of the comb-shaped barge stacking head on the side surface, so that the functions of the overhead crane and the transfer platform are the sea side interaction of the barge wharf and the normal loading, unloading and stacking operation of a storage yard. The low-frame crown block is erected on a low-frame crown block foundation and a track beam 26 of a low-frame crown block operation channel, is arranged in a vertical container yard box area (namely, is vertical to the operation track of the high-frame crown block and a shuttle transfer platform), corresponds to the traversing track and the transfer stack 34 of the sea side interaction area of the sea wheel wharf one by one, penetrates through the sea side interaction area of the sea wheel wharf to the land side interaction area 11, and is arranged at the lowest layer, and has the functions of sea side interaction and land side interaction of the sea wheel wharf and transfer operation in each box area of the container yard. See in particular figures 5-1, 5-2, 6 and 10.
Further, to facilitate the engagement of the barge terminal with the three-dimensional container yard, the comb-shaped dock terminal should be as wide as the yard tank area: generally, the width of the box area is designed according to 8-12 rows of box spans of the overhead travelling crane; the barge harbor basin is preferably considered according to 1000-5000 DWT according to the ship shape of the local river steamer; the barge jetty width is preferably considered by arranging two longitudinal rails.
Further, the space relation among the high-frame crown block, the shuttle transfer platform and the low-frame crown block of the loading and unloading system of the three-dimensional container yard should meet the following requirements: the low overhead travelling crane is positioned on the lowest layer track, and the stacking box height of the low overhead travelling crane meets the capacity requirement of temporary stack transfer of a sea-going vessel loading and unloading ship (the low overhead travelling crane operation channel is recommended to meet the height of stacking three layers of containers and passing four layers of containers); the overhead travelling crane is positioned on an upper-layer track, the shuttle transfer platform is positioned on a middle-layer track, the overhead travelling crane and the shuttle transfer platform can pass through each other in a working state, and the structural lowest point of the overhead travelling crane and the structural highest point of the overhead travelling crane are provided with enough safety distances (about 0.5 m), so that the capacity requirement of container stacking in each container area is simultaneously met (the container area is recommended to meet the height of six layers of containers and seven layers of containers).
Further, the number of overhead trolleys and shuttle transfer platforms configured in the container areas in the container yard should be determined according to the length of the container yard, generally, the number of overhead trolleys configured in each container area should not be less than 2, and the number of shuttle transfer platforms configured should not be less than 1.
Further, the number of configurations of the sea-going vessel terminal and the front loading and unloading area thereof, the sea-going vessel terminal horizontal transport system and the low-frame overhead travelling crane operation channel are shown in the following table; the number of crown blocks arranged in each overhead travelling crane working channel is determined according to the width of the storage yard, and generally, the number of crown blocks is not less than 2. Sea-going vessel dock and its front edge, horizontal transport system and equipment configuration number of low overhead travelling crane operation channel
Based on the general arrangement and loading and unloading system of the three-dimensional automatic container terminal, the loading and unloading method comprises the following steps:
1. the method for loading and unloading the ship at the sea-going vessel wharf comprises the following steps:
1) Ship for unloading
The main trolley of the coastal bridge of the sea-going vessel wharf unloads the container from the container ship to a secondary trolley platform in a coastal bridge rail, and the locking pin is released manually; then the secondary trolley of the quay crane unloads the container to the primary and secondary rail cars with the longitudinal rails in place; the primary-secondary rail car runs to be in butt joint with a corresponding transverse rail (meanwhile, the other primary-secondary rail car corresponding to the shore bridge starts running in place, the shore bridge correspondingly enters the next working cycle), the transverse secondary car carried on the primary-secondary rail car runs in a sea side interaction area, and the transverse secondary car can interact with a low-frame crown block on a container yard or interact with the low-frame crown block after interacting with a container transfer stack according to conditions; the low-frame crown block runs to the corresponding box area to drop boxes; then the overhead travelling crane is transported to a specified box position of a storage yard, and the system enters the next working cycle. Wherein, except that the vice dolly platform release pin in coastal bridge rail is manual operation, other are the automation.
2) Ship loading
The shipping method is the reverse of the ship unloading method.
2. The method for loading and unloading the ship at the wharf of the barge comprises the following steps:
1) Ship for unloading
There are three modes of barge terminal ship unloading: first, the container is collected by the crane of the loading and unloading ship at the wharf of the barge
Unloading the container ship to a longitudinal rail, running the longitudinal rail vehicle to the end part of the comb-shaped wharf, and alternately feeding the longitudinal rail vehicle to an overhead crane of a storage yard; secondly, the longitudinal rail cars are interacted with shift in the container and then are interacted with overhead travelling cranes of the storage yard through a container transfer stack; thirdly, the container is unloaded from the container ship to a shuttle transfer platform of a storage yard by a ship crane of a barge wharf, and then the container is interacted to the overhead crane of the storage yard by the transfer platform. Finally, the overhead travelling crane is transported to a storage yard designated box position.
2) The shipping method is the reverse process of the ship unloading method.
3. The container port collecting and dredging loading and unloading method comprises the following steps:
1) Port collection
The port outer collection and transportation box enters the storage yard land interaction area from the rear collection and transportation channel, the container is lifted by the low-frame overhead crane of the storage yard and moves to the storage yard target storage box area, and then is lifted to the appointed box position by the high-frame overhead crane. And after the port outer collection card is unloaded from the box, the port outer collection card leaves the port area from the rear collection and distribution channel.
2) Dredging port
The harbor method is the reverse of the set port enterprise method.
4. The container yard inverted box loading and unloading method comprises the following steps:
The container pouring method in the same container area comprises two methods: the method is characterized in that the method is completed by two overhead travelling cranes in the same box area in a relay mode, namely, after one overhead travelling crane lifts a box to a certain temporary position, the other overhead travelling crane lifts the box and conveys the box to a designated box position; and secondly, the operation is completed by matching an overhead crane and a shuttle transfer platform in the same box area, namely, after the transfer platform is operated to a proper position, the box is lifted by the overhead crane and placed in a designated box position. The container inversion method of different container areas is completed by the overhead crane and the low overhead crane of the storage yard. Further, according to the planar arrangement and loading and unloading process system adopted by the application, the loading and unloading ship of the sea-going vessel wharf container can be carried out by adopting a three-dimensional loading and unloading (namely loading and unloading at the same time), and the steps are as follows: before the container ship arrives at the port, all or most containers to be loaded are arranged in a yard of a low-frame overhead travelling crane operation channel by an overhead travelling crane, the low-frame overhead travelling crane is used for unloading the ship at first, and when the ship is unloaded to meet certain conditions, three-dimensional loading and unloading operation is carried out. While the application has been described in detail in connection with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the application is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, alternatives, combinations, and simplifications within the scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. A system for a container terminal comprising a container terminal and a loading and unloading system, characterized in that: the container terminal includes:
the sea-going vessel wharf is arranged on the front shoreline and is linear quay;
The barge wharf is arranged on the side shoreline and has an included angle of more than or equal to 90 degrees with the front shoreline of the sea-going vessel wharf; the barge dock is formed by a jetty and a dock at intervals to form a plurality of comb-shaped dock structures, each comb-shaped dock is composed of two jettys and a dock, the jetty is shared by adjacent comb-shaped dock, the jetty and the dock of each comb-shaped dock are parallel to the sea-going dock shoreline or the container yard case zone line, and the width of the jetty and the container yard case zone line are the same as the width of the container yard case zone line;
The sea-going vessel wharf front operation zone is between the sea-going vessel wharf and the container yard and comprises a wharf front loading and unloading ship operation zone, a horizontal transportation zone and a sea-side interaction zone;
the barge dock front working zone is between the barge dock and the container yard and comprises a dock front loading and unloading ship working zone, a horizontal transportation zone and a sea side interaction zone;
The container yard is between the sea side interaction area and the land side interaction area, and consists of a plurality of box areas which are arranged parallel to the coastline of the sea-going vessel wharf, an overhead crown block and a shuttle transfer platform which are arranged on the box areas, and a plurality of low-frame crown block operation channels which are perpendicular to the box areas and penetrate through the storage yard sea-going vessel sea side interaction area to the land side interaction area;
The land side interaction area is arranged behind the container yard;
the handling system includes:
the shore bridges are respectively arranged at the front edge of the sea-going vessel wharf, and the tracks of the shore bridges are parallel to the shore line of the sea-going vessel wharf;
The barge loading and unloading ship crown block spans over the comb-shaped harbor basin by a foundation and a track beam which are arranged on the comb-shaped harbor basin wharf jetty, and the track beam of the barge loading and unloading ship crown block extends to a container yard and shares a rail with an overhead crown block of the container yard, and the rail gauge and the rail top elevation of the barge loading and unloading ship crown block are the same;
The sea-going vessel wharf front three-dimensional track horizontal transport system is arranged behind a sea-going vessel wharf front coastal bridge Liu Cegui, and consists of two layers of longitudinal tracks, two layers of transverse tracks, a primary-secondary track car and shift, wherein the two layers of transverse tracks are arranged close to and in parallel with land side tracks of the coastal bridge, the primary-secondary track car and the container are connected with each other in a seamless and flat mode, the primary-secondary track car runs on the two layers of longitudinal tracks, a container transfer stack is arranged at the tail end of the two layers of transverse tracks, and the transverse sub car interacts with the container transfer stack and then interacts with a low-frame overhead crane;
The barge dock front three-dimensional horizontal transportation system is arranged in the barge dock front operation zone and consists of a barge dock front longitudinal rail which is respectively arranged on jettys at two sides of the comb-shaped dock, a barge dock front longitudinal rail car which is respectively operated on the barge dock front longitudinal rail, and a container shift which is arranged at the tail end of the longitudinal rail at the root of the jetty, wherein the barge loading and unloading ship crown block is interacted with the barge dock front longitudinal rail car and the combined container shift through a barge loading and unloading ship crown block, or the barge loading and unloading ship crown block is interacted with the yard overhead crown block through a shuttle transfer platform in a container yard;
The system comprises a three-dimensional container yard loading and unloading system, a plurality of overhead travelling cranes and shuttle transfer platforms, and a plurality of overhead travelling crane operation channels, wherein the overhead travelling cranes and the shuttle transfer platforms are arranged in parallel with the sea-going wharfs of sea-going ships and are arranged on the box areas at intervals, the overhead travelling cranes are perpendicular to the box areas and penetrate through the space between sea-side interaction areas and land-side interaction areas of the sea-going ships, each box area is provided with two layers of high-middle-level tracks and extend to the position above a barge stacking head, the overhead travelling cranes are operated on the highest-level tracks, the shuttle transfer platforms are operated on the middle-level tracks, and the tracks of the overhead travelling cranes and the transfer platforms extend to the position above the comb-shaped barge stacking heads on the side; the low-frame crown block is erected on a low-frame crown block foundation and a rail beam of a low-frame crown block operation channel, is arranged in a vertical container yard box area, corresponds to a transverse moving rail of a sea side interaction area of the sea wheel wharf and shift in a container one by one, penetrates through the sea side interaction area of the sea wheel wharf to a land side interaction area, and is arranged at the lowest layer.
2. The system of the container terminal of claim 1, wherein: the container area of the container yard is consistent with the width of the comb-shaped harbor pool dock of the barge dock; the width of the container area of the container yard is designed according to 8-12 rows of container spans of the overhead travelling crane.
3. The system of the container terminal of claim 2, wherein: the two layers of longitudinal rails consist of a layer of high-layer longitudinal rails and a layer of low-layer longitudinal rails, the horizontal distance between the centers of the high-layer longitudinal rails and the low-layer longitudinal rails is 0.5m of the box width plus margin width, and the clear height between the high-layer longitudinal rails and the low-layer longitudinal rails is 0.5m of the sum of the box height and the car height of the primary-secondary rail car.
4. A system for a container terminal according to claim 3, wherein: the two layers of transverse moving tracks consist of a high-layer transverse moving track and a low-layer transverse moving track, and the top height of the transverse moving tracks is equal to the height of a corresponding longitudinal track top Cheng Jia longitudinal track bus.
5. The system of the container terminal of claim 4, wherein: the primary-secondary track car consists of a longitudinal track primary car and a transverse moving secondary car carried on the longitudinal track primary car.
6. The system of the container terminal of claim 5, wherein: space relation among high-frame crown block, shuttle transfer platform and low-frame crown block should satisfy: when the overhead travelling crane is positioned on the lowest layer of track, the height of the stacking box of the overhead travelling crane meets the capacity requirement of temporary stacking of the loading and unloading ship of the sea-going vessel wharf; when the overhead travelling crane is positioned on an overhead track and the shuttle transfer platform is positioned on a middle track, the overhead travelling crane and the shuttle transfer platform can pass through each other in a working state, and the lowest point of the structure of the overhead travelling crane and the highest point of the structure of the overhead travelling crane have enough safety distance; and simultaneously, the capacity requirement of stacking containers in each box area is met.
7. The system of the container terminal of claim 6, wherein: the number of overhead trolleys and shuttle transfer platforms configured in the box areas in the container yard is determined according to the length of the yard.
8. The system of the container terminal of claim 7, wherein: the number of overhead travelling cranes in each box area is not less than 2, and the number of shuttle transfer platforms is not less than 1; the number of the low overhead cranes configured in each low overhead crane operation channel is determined according to the width of the storage yard; the number of the overhead travelling crane is not less than 2.
9. A process for loading and unloading a system of a container terminal according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps:
S1, unloading, loading and unloading, wherein when unloading, a main trolley of a quay of a sea-going vessel unloads a container from a container ship to a sub-trolley platform in a quay rail, and a locking pin is released manually; then the secondary trolley of the quay crane unloads the container to the primary and secondary rail cars with the longitudinal rails in place; the primary-secondary rail car runs to be in butt joint with the corresponding transverse moving rail, the transverse moving sub car carried on the primary-secondary rail car runs in a sea side interaction area, and the transverse moving sub car can interact with a low-frame overhead crane on a container yard according to conditions or interact with a container transfer stack and then interact with the low-frame overhead crane; the low-frame crown block runs to the corresponding box area to drop boxes; then the overhead travelling crane is transported to a specified box position of a storage yard, and the system enters the next working cycle; shipping is the reverse of the above process;
s2, loading and unloading the ship on the barge wharf,
S21, unloading containers from a container ship to a longitudinal rail by a barge wharf loading and unloading ship crown block, running the longitudinal rail vehicle to the end part of the comb-shaped wharf, and alternately giving the longitudinal rail vehicle to a yard overhead crown block;
s22, or the longitudinal rail cars are interacted with shift in the container and then are interacted with overhead travelling cranes in the storage yard through a container transfer stack;
S23, unloading the container from the container ship to a shuttle transfer platform of a storage yard by a barge wharf loading and unloading ship crown block, and then exchanging the container to the storage yard overhead crown block by the transfer platform;
s24, finally, transporting the overhead travelling crane to a storage yard designated box position;
S25, loading and unloading the ship are opposite;
s3, container port collecting, port dredging, loading and unloading
S31, port collection and delivery channels are formed in the back of port collection and delivery boxes, the port collection and delivery boxes enter a storage yard land interaction area, containers are lifted by a low-frame overhead crane of a storage yard and are moved to a storage yard target box stacking area, then the containers are lifted to a designated box position by an overhead crane, and the port collection and delivery boxes leave the port area from the back of the port collection and delivery channels after the port collection and delivery boxes are unloaded;
s32, the port dredging method is the reverse process of the set port enterprise method;
s4, loading and unloading of inverted boxes in container yard
S41, two overhead travelling cranes in the same box area are completed in a relay mode, namely, after one overhead travelling crane lifting box is conveyed to a certain temporary position, the other overhead travelling crane is lifted and conveyed to a designated box position;
S41, or the operation is completed by matching an overhead crane and a shuttle transfer platform in the same box area, namely after the transfer platform is operated to a proper position by a transfer platform, the box is lifted by the overhead crane and placed in a designated box position; the container inversion method of different container areas is completed by the overhead crane and the low overhead crane of the storage yard.
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| CN111674948B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-28 | 中交第四航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Automatic container terminal loading and unloading system and method with three types of collecting and distributing modes coexisting |
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