CN108703002B

CN108703002B - Planting method of idesia polycarpa

Info

Publication number: CN108703002B
Application number: CN201810584781.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗荣祥
Original assignee: Leshan City Shawan District Lyuye Forest Professional Cooperative
Current assignee: Leshan City Shawan District Lyuye Forest Professional Cooperative
Priority date: 2018-06-08
Filing date: 2018-06-08
Publication date: 2021-02-26
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-08
Also published as: CN108703002A

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method of idesia polycarpa, which comprises the following steps: s1, after the fruits are sufficiently soft, rubbing the fruits in water, and removing the pulp and the peel to obtain clean seeds; s2, adding clear water into the soaked seeds for kneading and washing, wherein the kneading and washing degree is that wax layers on the surfaces of the seeds are damaged, and then putting the treated seeds into a seedbed for seedling cultivation; s3, placing the treated seeds into a culture medium on a seedbed, wherein the culture medium is covered with a water-permeable cloth; controlling the temperature of the seedbed at 10-30 ℃, and supplementing the water in the culture medium in time until the seeds germinate; s4, carrying out rooting culture on the germinated seedlings, and then transplanting the seedlings with the whole roots into a matrix until the seedlings contain at least two true leaves; s5, transplanting the seedlings into planting pits; until the seedlings are stable and alive; and S6, collecting the fruits after the seedlings grow into mature wood fruits. The propagation coefficient is high, and a large amount of high-quality seedlings can be provided in a short period; provides a quick and effective way for large-scale breeding.

Description

Planting method of idesia polycarpa

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of idesia polycarpa planting, in particular to a method for planting idesia polycarpa.

Background

Idesia polycarpa Maxim var. vestita Diels is a variant of Idesia in the aeolian family, and is a local tree species in China. Is deciduous tree, has the characteristics of fast growth, good water and soil conservation, high fruit yield, high oil content, good oil quality, edible property and the like, and is a better ecological economic forest.

The idesia polycarpa has the height of 10-15 m, smooth bark, intergrowth of leaves, wide oval shape to oval heart shape, sharp end, length of 8-20 cm, width of 6-20 cm, sparse sawteeth on the edge, large crown width, and is a good barrier for middle and low-level vegetation in natural ecology. The tree species belongs to shallow-rooted tree species, the main roots are not obvious, but the lateral roots are developed and distributed horizontally, the root system dense layer is 20-60 cm, and the root ends are densely formed into nets, so that the tree species has extremely strong capability of keeping water and soil on the surface layer of the land. Meanwhile, the yield of idesia polycarpa is high, the yield of a single plant can reach 200-300 Kg, and the fruit production duration can reach 70-100 years. The idesia polycarpa fruit has high oil content, the dry fruit reaches 36-38%, the oil quality is good, wherein the content of unsaturated fatty acid is up to more than 82%, the content of linoleic acid is up to more than 68%, the content of vitamin E is up to more than 1 per mill, and the idesia polycarpa fruit is a good raw material of edible oil, health-care oil and industrial oil.

Maoyeshan tung element has the reputation of protecting summer in green shade and enjoying autumn in red fruit, can be used as a street tree and an ornamental tree species, and has travel development value in a large planting area. In addition, the idesia polycarpa has the characteristics of drought resistance and barren resistance, and has low requirements on planting soil. Due to the outstanding advantages of the idesia polycarpa, the development of the idesia polycarpa has very important significance for ecological construction, solving the problem of 'three farmers' and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.

In China, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and other places, the idesia polycarpa has been distributed, but due to various reasons, the natural fertility of the wild idesia polycarpa is very low, and the number of the wild idesia polycarpa is reduced rapidly. Because the seeds of idesia polycarpa are extremely small and difficult to germinate, the traditional seedling culture method causes uneven seedling culture conditions and seriously weakens the quality of seedlings, and is not beneficial to industrialized popularization. The idesia polycarpa is also a fast-growing deciduous tree of a male and female alien plant, and the traditional seed seedling raising cannot ensure a female tree species, so that the popularization of the idesia polycarpa of an oil tree is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a planting method of idesia polycarpa, which is used for solving the problems that the seedling conditions of the seedlings are uneven, the quality of the seedlings is seriously weakened and the industrialization popularization is not facilitated due to the traditional seedling culture method in the prior art.

The invention provides a planting method of idesia polycarpa, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a female plant of 15-30 years old as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting when the fruit becomes scarlet; shearing ears, stroking off berries, stacking in a room for 1-2 days, rubbing in water after the fruits are sufficiently soft, and washing out pulp and pericarp to obtain clean seeds; s2, soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 1-2 hours, then soaking in 1-10% sodium bicarbonate water solution for 1-2 hours, then adding the soaked seeds into the clear water for kneading and washing to the extent that wax layers on the surfaces of the seeds are damaged, and then putting the treated seeds into a seedbed for seedling cultivation; s3, sowing the seeds in a quantity of 1-3 g/square meter, putting the treated seeds into a culture medium on a seedbed, and covering the culture medium with a water-permeable cloth; controlling the temperature of the seedbed at 10-30 ℃, and supplementing the water in the culture medium in time until the seeds germinate; s4, performing rooting culture on the germinated seedlings for 5-7 days, then transplanting the seedlings with complete roots into a idesia polycarpa seedling culture device, wherein the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box, a matrix containing turf, straw powder and peanut shell powder is arranged in the planting box, the matrix is watered thoroughly, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity is above 70%, and the transplanting is performed after the matrix is irradiated for 30-45 days by adopting a method for gradually enhancing the light intensity until the seedlings grow to contain at least two true leaves; s5, leveling the land to ensure smooth drainage, using 150 kg of humic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and applying 10 kg of ferrous sulfate and 3 kg of 90% crystal dipterex for soil disinfection and killing soil pests; digging planting pits in an array distribution on the land after 15 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits; loosening soil, topdressing, watering, killing insects and disinfecting every 10-30 days until the seedlings stably survive; s6, collecting the fruits of idesia polycarpa by adopting a sub-tree fruit-collecting device of idesia polycarpa after the seedlings grow into mature trees.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the culture medium is 6-8; and after the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted, the culture medium is sterilized at high temperature and high pressure and then is injected into the culture medium for cooling and solidification.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the water permeable cloth is 1-10 mm.

In an embodiment of the invention, in the matrix, the grass carbon, the straw powder and the peanut shell powder are in a mass part ratio of 6:1: 3.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between the planting pits is 100-500mm, and the depth is 50-200 mm.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the under-tree fruit-setting device of idesia polycarpa includes a receiving body, a supporting body and a collecting assembly; the receiving body comprises an outer wall and an inner core; the outer wall is a sheet body and forms a conical structure after being extended; the outer wall is provided with a movable connector, and the accommodating body is matched with or separated from the idesia polycarpa tree by opening and closing the movable connector; a through hole is formed in the side wall of the outer wall; the inner core extends downwards in a spiral shape, and the bottom of the inner core is communicated with the through hole; the supporting bodies are more than three and are uniformly distributed at the edge of the accommodating body, each supporting body comprises a fixing component and a supporting rod, the fixing components are hinged with the supporting rods, the supporting rods are connected with the outer wall of the accommodating body, and the accommodating body is extended by the inclination of the supporting rods; the collecting assembly comprises a fruit receiving hose, a fruit receiving box and a buffer structure; the two ends of the fruit receiving hose are respectively communicated with the through hole and the fruit receiving box, and the buffer structure is arranged at the bottom of the fruit receiving box.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the fixing component of the supporting body includes a pedal and a pin; the pin is fixed on the lower part of the pedal.

In an embodiment of the invention, the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box, a planting mechanism, a culture mechanism and a liquid collecting mechanism; the planting box is cylindrical; the culture mechanism and the liquid collecting mechanism are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the planting box; the planting mechanism is arranged between the culture mechanism and the liquid collecting mechanism; the culture mechanism comprises a plurality of circles of illuminating assemblies and a plurality of circles of spraying assemblies, and the illuminating assemblies and the spraying assemblies are arranged at intervals from inside to outside; the planting mechanism comprises a support, a rotating assembly and a planting assembly, the support is fixed on the inner wall of the planting box, the rotating assembly is arranged on the support, the rotating assembly comprises a rotating table, and the planting assembly comprises a plurality of planting grids distributed on the rotating table in an array manner; planting boxes are correspondingly placed in the planting grids; two fixing assemblies for fixing the planting box are symmetrically arranged in the planting lattices, corresponding through holes are formed in the planting box, the planting lattices and the rotating platform, and the culture mechanism is communicated with the liquid collecting mechanism through the through holes; the fixing assembly comprises a jacking cylinder and a clamping piece, and the clamping piece is fixed at the output end of the jacking cylinder; the shape of the clamping piece is fitted with the shape of the outer wall of the planting box.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid collecting mechanism includes a liquid collecting plate, a liquid storage bin and a liquid discharging pipe; the liquid collecting plate is arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage bin, the outer wall of the liquid collecting plate is attached to the inner wall of the liquid storage bin, and the height of the liquid collecting plate is uniformly reduced towards the liquid discharging pipe; a liquid discharging valve is arranged on the liquid discharging pipe; the lighting assembly comprises a first fixing support and a plurality of lighting lamps, the first fixing support is in a circular ring shape, and the lighting lamps are uniformly fixed on the first fixing support; the spraying assembly comprises a second fixing support, a water inlet pipe and a plurality of spraying pipes, the second fixing support is annular, and the plurality of spraying pipes are uniformly fixed on the second fixing support and communicated with the water inlet pipe; the rotating assembly further comprises a drive motor; the outer circumference of revolving stage is equipped with driven gear, the cover is equipped with drive gear in driving motor's the drive shaft, driven gear with drive gear meshes mutually.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the rotating assembly further includes a driving motor; the outer circumference of the rotating platform is provided with a driven gear, a driving shaft of the driving motor is sleeved with a driving gear, and the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear; the bottom of the rotating table is provided with a plurality of guide wheels, and the bracket is provided with an annular guide groove; the guide wheels are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the rotating table along the circumference and are arranged in the guide grooves.

As described above, the planting method of idesia polycarpa of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

the propagation coefficient is high, a large number of high-quality seedlings can be provided in a short period, and the popularization and application speed of the idesia polycarpa tree is increased. Provides a quick and effective approach for large-scale breeding of idesia polycarpa. The survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is high; can support the requirement of realizing the industrialized production and seedling culture of idesia polycarpa.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart diagram of the planting method of idesia polycarpa of the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the under-tree fruit-setting device of the middle Maoyeshan idesia tree of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the support body in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the buffer structure in fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the buffer structure in fig. 2.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device of the utility model.

Fig. 8 is a top view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the planting assembly in fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the fixing assembly of fig. 9.

Element number description:

10 receiving body

20 support body

30 collecting assembly

101 outer wall

102 inner core

103 connection port

104 through hole

201 fixed component

202 support rod

301 fruit receiving hose

302 fruit receiving box

303 buffer structure

2011 foot pedal

2012 pin

3031 limiting groove

3032 buffer spring

3033 buffer rod

3034 restoring spring

1 planting box

2 planting mechanism

3 culturing mechanism

4 liquid collecting mechanism

21 support

22 rotating assembly

23 planting assembly

31 illumination assembly

32 spray assembly

41 liquid collecting plate

42 liquid storage bin

43 liquid discharging tube

44 liquid discharging valve

221 rotating platform

222 driving motor

231 planting grid

232 fixed assembly

311 first fixing support

312 lighting lamp

321 second fixing support

322 shower

2321 jacking cylinder

2322 clamping member

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in the present specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the embodiment of the invention, the under-tree fruit setting device of idesia polycarpa adopted comprises a receiving body 10, a supporting body 20 and a collecting component 30; the receptacle 10 includes an outer wall 101 and an inner core 102; the outer wall 101 is a sheet body and forms a conical structure after being extended; a movable connecting port 103 is formed in the outer wall 101, and the accommodating body 10 is matched with or separated from the idesia polycarpa tree through the opening and closing of the movable connecting port 103; a through hole 104 is formed in the side wall of the outer wall 101; the inner core 102 extends downwards in a spiral shape, and the bottom of the inner core is communicated with the through hole 104; the number of the support bodies 20 is more than three, the support bodies 20 are uniformly distributed on the edge of the receiving body 10, each support body 20 comprises a fixing component 201 and a support rod 202, the fixing components are hinged with the support rods 202, the support rods 202 are connected with the outer wall 101 of the receiving body 10, and the receiving body 10 is extended through the inclination of the support rods 202; the collection assembly 30 comprises a fruit receiving hose 301, a fruit receiving box 302 and a buffer structure 303; the two ends of the fruit receiving hose 301 are respectively communicated with the through hole 104 and the fruit receiving box 302, and the buffer structure 303 is arranged at the bottom of the fruit receiving box 302. When in use, the accommodating body 1 is connected with the trunk of idesia polycarpa, and the trunk is usually connected by a rope; then the receiving body 1 is opened by the supporting body 2; when fruits are collected, the fruits fall into the containing body 1, the inverted cone-shaped containing body 1 is used for containing the fruits, and the spiral inner core 12 extending downwards is used for guiding the fruits to prevent the fruits from being broken when falling; the fruit is guided by the inner core 12 and then enters the fruit receiving hose 31 through the through hole 14, and then enters the fruit receiving box 32 through the fruit receiving hose 31, and the integrity of the fruit is ensured under the buffer of the buffer structure 33 arranged below the fruit receiving box 32. Generally, the movable connecting port 103 is any one of a snap fastener, a zipper, or a rope. The container 10 is made of a foldable soft material. The soft and light storage body 1 does not occupy space when not in use, and only needs to be folded for storage. In an embodiment of the present invention, the fixing assembly 201 of the supporting body 20 includes a foot pedal 2011 and a pin 2012; the pin 2012 is fixed to the lower portion of the foot board 2011. In addition, in an embodiment, the buffer structure 303 includes a limiting groove 3031 and a plurality of buffer springs 3032, the bottom of the fruit receiving box 302 is disposed in the limiting groove 3031, and two ends of the plurality of buffer springs 3032 are respectively abutted against the limiting groove 3031 and the fruit receiving box 302. In another embodiment, the buffering structure 303 comprises buffering members symmetrically arranged at two sides of the fruit receiving box 302, and the buffering members comprise buffering rods 3033 and return springs 3034; one end of the buffer rod 3033 is hinged with the fruit receiving box 302; the other end is supported on the ground; one end of a return spring 3034 is fixed on the fruit receiving box 302, and the other end is fixed in the middle of the buffer rod 3033. The two buffering modes can realize the buffering when the fruits enter the fruit receiving box 302, and the completeness of the fruits is further ensured.

The adopted idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box 1, a planting mechanism 2, a culture mechanism 3 and a liquid collecting mechanism 4; the planting box 1 is cylindrical; the culture mechanism 3 and the liquid collecting mechanism 4 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the planting box 1; the planting mechanism 2 is arranged between the culture mechanism 3 and the liquid collecting mechanism 4; the culture mechanism 3 comprises a plurality of circles of illuminating assemblies 31 and a plurality of circles of spraying assemblies 32, and the illuminating assemblies 31 and the spraying assemblies 32 are arranged at intervals from inside to outside; the planting mechanism 2 comprises a support 21, a rotating assembly 22 and a planting assembly 23, the support 21 is fixed on the inner wall of the planting box 1, the rotating assembly 22 is arranged on the support 21, the rotating assembly 22 comprises a rotating platform 221, and the planting assembly 23 comprises a plurality of planting grids 231 distributed on the rotating platform 221 in an array manner; planting boxes are correspondingly placed in the planting grids 231; two fixing assemblies 232 for fixing the planting boxes are symmetrically arranged in the planting lattices 231, the planting boxes, the planting lattices 231 and the rotating platform 221 are all provided with corresponding through holes, and the culture mechanism 3 is communicated with the liquid collecting mechanism 4 through the through holes; the fixing component 232 comprises a jacking cylinder 2321 and a clamping piece 2322, and the clamping piece 2322 is fixed at the output end of the jacking cylinder 2321; the shape of the clamping member 2322 is matched with the shape of the outer wall of the planting box. During the use, prevent the seedling of maoyesheng mountain tung in planting the box, then will plant the box and put in planting check 231, fix through fixed subassembly 232, then lighting component 31 and spray component 32 illuminate and spray the seedling respectively. Wherein, the illumination can adopt long-term intense light irradiation, and the spraying can spray water and can also spray nutrient solution according to the needs. During cultivation, the rotation of the planting assembly 23 can be controlled by the rotating assembly 22, and the uniformity of moisture and illumination intensity is ensured. Through setting up the through-hole, guaranteed that the moisture in the planting box when overflowing, can get into album liquid mechanism 4 through the through-hole, then by album liquid mechanism 4 discharge. In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid collecting mechanism 4 comprises a liquid collecting plate 41, a liquid storage chamber 42 and a liquid discharging pipe 43; the liquid collecting plate 41 is arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage bin 42, the outer wall of the liquid collecting plate 41 is attached to the inner wall of the liquid storage bin 42, and the height of the liquid collecting plate 41 is uniformly reduced towards the liquid discharging pipe 43; a liquid discharging valve 44 is arranged on the liquid discharging pipe 43; the lighting assembly 31 comprises a first fixing bracket 311 and a plurality of lighting lamps 312, wherein the first fixing bracket 311 is annular, and the plurality of lighting lamps 312 are uniformly fixed on the first fixing bracket 311; the spraying assembly 32 comprises a second fixing bracket 321, a water inlet pipe and a plurality of spraying pipes 322, the second fixing bracket 321 is annular, and the plurality of spraying pipes 322 are uniformly fixed on the second fixing bracket 321 and communicated with the water inlet pipe; the rotating assembly 22 further includes a drive motor 222; the outer circumference of the rotation stage 221 is provided with a driven gear, and a driving shaft of the driving motor 222 is sleeved with a driving gear, and the driven gear is engaged with the driving gear. The water inlet pipe can be communicated with tap water or communicated with a reservoir through a water pump. Through the annular illumination and the arrangement of spraying, the uniformity of illumination and moisture spraying can be further ensured. Preferably, a temperature sensor can also be arranged in the planting box 1 to ensure that the temperature in the planting box 1 is in an optimal temperature range, when the temperature sensor senses that the temperature is insufficient, the lighting assembly 31 is turned on to illuminate, and when the temperature reaches a warning line, the lighting assembly 31 is turned off. In a similar way, a humidity sensor can be arranged in the planting box 1, the spraying component 32 is opened to spray when the humidity sensor senses that the humidity is insufficient, and the spraying component 32 is closed when the humidity reaches the warning line. Further, the rotating assembly 22 further includes a driving motor 222; the outer circumference of the rotating platform 221 is provided with a driven gear, a driving shaft of the driving motor 222 is sleeved with a driving gear, and the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear; the bottom of the rotating platform 221 is provided with a plurality of guide wheels, and the bracket 21 is provided with a circular guide groove; the plurality of guide wheels are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the rotating table 221 along the circumference and are disposed in the guide grooves.

Example 1

A planting method of idesia polycarpa is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting a 15-year-old female plant as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting when the fruit becomes scarlet; shearing ears, stroking off berries, stacking in a room for 1-2 days, rubbing in water after the fruits are sufficiently soft, and washing out pulp and pericarp to obtain clean seeds;

s2, soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 1 hour, then soaking the clean seeds in a 1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 2 hours, then adding the clear water into the soaked seeds for kneading and washing, wherein the kneading and washing degree is that wax layers on the surfaces of the seeds are damaged, and then putting the treated seeds into a seedbed for seedling cultivation;

s3, sowing seeds in a quantity of 1g per square meter based on dry seeds, putting the treated seeds into a culture medium on a seedbed, and covering the culture medium with a water-permeable cloth; controlling the temperature of the seedbed at 10 ℃, and supplementing the moisture in the culture medium in time until the seeds germinate; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pH of the culture medium is 6; and after the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted, the culture medium is sterilized at high temperature and high pressure and then is injected into the culture medium for cooling and solidification. Meanwhile, the thickness of the water permeable cloth is 1 mm.

S4, performing rooting culture on the germinated seedlings for 7 days, then transplanting the seedlings with complete roots into a idesia polycarpa seedling culture device, wherein the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box, a matrix containing turf, straw powder and peanut shell powder is arranged in the planting box, the matrix is watered thoroughly, the temperature is kept at 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, and the transplanting is performed after the matrix is irradiated for 30 days by adopting a method for gradually enhancing the light intensity until the seedlings grow to contain at least two true leaves; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the grass carbon, the straw powder and the peanut shell powder in parts by mass is 6:1:3, and by adopting the ratio, sufficient nutrition in the matrix can be ensured, so that seedlings can grow fully.

S5, leveling the land to ensure smooth drainage, using 150 kg of humic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and applying 10 kg of ferrous sulfate and 3 kg of 90% crystal dipterex for soil disinfection and killing soil pests; digging planting pits in an array distribution on the land after 15 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits; loosening soil, topdressing, watering, killing insects and disinfecting every 10 days until the seedlings stably survive. Furthermore, the spacing of the planting pits is 100mm, and the depth is 50 mm.

S6, collecting the fruits of idesia polycarpa by adopting a sub-tree fruit-collecting device of idesia polycarpa after the seedlings grow into mature trees.

In this example, 19526 seedlings with 4 leaves or more were obtained, and the seedling rate was 97.6%. Transplanting the seedlings to planting pits according to the distance of 100mm multiplied by 100mm for 7 months to obtain 19169 stably-survived seedlings with the diameter of 1.2-1.5m, and the total seedling rate is 95.8%.

Example 2

s1, selecting a 30-year-old female plant as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting when the fruit becomes scarlet; shearing ears, stroking off berries, stacking for 2 days indoors, rubbing in water after the fruits are sufficiently soft, and washing out pulp and pericarp to obtain clean seeds;

s2, soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 2 hours, then soaking the clean seeds in a 10% sodium bicarbonate water solution for 1 hour, then adding the clear water into the soaked seeds for kneading and washing, wherein the kneading and washing degree is that wax layers on the surfaces of the seeds are damaged, and then putting the treated seeds into a seedbed for seedling cultivation;

s3, sowing the seeds in a dry seed meter of 3 g/square meter, putting the treated seeds into a culture medium on a seedbed, and covering the culture medium with a water-permeable cloth; controlling the temperature of the seedbed at 30 ℃, and supplementing the moisture in the culture medium in time until the seeds germinate; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pH of the culture medium is 8; and after the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted, the culture medium is sterilized at high temperature and high pressure and then is injected into the culture medium for cooling and solidification. Meanwhile, the thickness of the water permeable cloth is 10 mm.

S4, performing rooting culture on the germinated seedlings for 7 days, then transplanting the seedlings with complete roots into a idesia polycarpa seedling culture device, wherein the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box, a matrix containing turf, straw powder and peanut shell powder is arranged in the planting box, the matrix is watered thoroughly, the temperature is kept at 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the transplanting is performed after the matrix is irradiated for 45 days by adopting a method for gradually enhancing the light intensity until the seedlings grow to contain at least two true leaves; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the grass carbon, the straw powder and the peanut shell powder in parts by mass is 6:1:3, and by adopting the ratio, sufficient nutrition in the matrix can be ensured, so that seedlings can grow fully.

S5, leveling the land to ensure smooth drainage, using 150 kg of humic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and applying 10 kg of ferrous sulfate and 3 kg of 90% crystal dipterex for soil disinfection and killing soil pests; digging planting pits in an array distribution on the land after 15 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits; loosening soil, topdressing, watering, killing insects and disinfecting every 30 days until the seedlings stably survive. Further, the spacing of the planting pits is 500mm, and the depth is 200 mm.

In this example, 19421 seedlings with 4 leaves or more were obtained, and the seedling rate was 97.1%. Transplanting the plants into planting pits according to the plant spacing of 500mm multiplied by 500mm for 7 months to obtain 1.2-1.5m stably-alive seedling 18735 plants with the total seedling rate of 93.7 percent.

Example 3

s1, selecting a female plant of 25 years old as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting when the fruit becomes scarlet; shearing ears, stroking off berries, stacking for 1.5 days indoors, rubbing in water after the fruits are sufficiently soft, and washing out pulp and pericarp to obtain clean seeds;

s2, soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 1.5 hours, then soaking the seeds in a 5% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 1.5 hours, then adding the soaked seeds into the clear water for kneading and washing to the extent that the wax layer on the surfaces of the seeds is damaged, and then putting the treated seeds into a seedbed for seedling cultivation;

s3, sowing the seeds in a quantity of 2 g/square meter, putting the treated seeds into a culture medium on a seedbed, and covering the culture medium with a water-permeable cloth; controlling the temperature of the seedbed at 20 ℃, and supplementing the moisture in the culture medium in time until the seeds germinate; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pH of the culture medium is 7; and after the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted, the culture medium is sterilized at high temperature and high pressure and then is injected into the culture medium for cooling and solidification. Meanwhile, the thickness of the water permeable cloth is 5 mm.

S4, performing rooting culture on the germinated seedlings for 6 days, then transplanting the seedlings with complete roots into a idesia polycarpa seedling culture device, wherein the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box, a matrix containing turf, straw powder and peanut shell powder is arranged in the planting box, the matrix is watered thoroughly, the temperature is kept at 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 80%, and the transplanting is performed after the matrix is irradiated for 40 days by adopting a method for gradually enhancing the light intensity until the seedlings grow to contain at least two true leaves; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the grass carbon, the straw powder and the peanut shell powder in parts by mass is 6:1:3, and by adopting the ratio, sufficient nutrition in the matrix can be ensured, so that seedlings can grow fully.

S5, leveling the land to ensure smooth drainage, using 150 kg of humic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and applying 10 kg of ferrous sulfate and 3 kg of 90% crystal dipterex for soil disinfection and killing soil pests; digging planting pits in an array distribution on the land after 15 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits; loosening soil, topdressing, watering, killing insects and disinfecting every 20 days until the seedlings stably survive. Furthermore, the spacing of the planting pits is 300mm, and the depth is 100 mm.

In this example, 19738 seedlings with more than 4 true leaves were obtained, and the seedling rate was 98.7%. And transplanting the plants to planting pits according to the plant spacing of 300mm multiplied by 300mm for 7 months to obtain 19462 stably-survived seedlings with the survival rate of 1.2-1.5m and the total seedling rate of 97.3 percent.

In conclusion, the planting method of idesia polycarpa has high propagation coefficient, can provide a large number of high-quality seedlings in a short period, and accelerates the popularization and application speed of idesia polycarpa trees. Provides a quick and effective approach for large-scale breeding of idesia polycarpa. The survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is high; can support the requirement of realizing the industrialized production and seedling culture of idesia polycarpa. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method of idesia polycarpa is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting a female plant of 15-30 years old as a seed collecting mother tree, and collecting when the fruit becomes scarlet; shearing ears, stroking off berries, stacking in a room for 1-2 days, rubbing in water after the fruits are sufficiently soft, and washing out pulp and pericarp to obtain clean seeds;

s2, soaking the clean seeds in clear water for 1-2 hours, then soaking in 1-10% sodium bicarbonate water solution for 1-2 hours, then adding the soaked seeds into the clear water for kneading and washing to the extent that wax layers on the surfaces of the seeds are damaged, and then putting the treated seeds into a seedbed for seedling cultivation;

s3, sowing the seeds in a quantity of 1-3 g/square meter, putting the treated seeds into a culture medium on a seedbed, and covering the culture medium with a water-permeable cloth; controlling the temperature of the seedbed at 10-30 ℃, and supplementing the water in the culture medium in time until the seeds germinate;

s4, performing rooting culture on the germinated seedlings for 5-7 days, then transplanting the seedlings with complete roots into a idesia polycarpa seedling culture device, wherein the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box, a matrix containing turf, straw powder and peanut shell powder is arranged in the planting box, the matrix is watered thoroughly, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃, the relative humidity is above 70%, and the transplanting is performed after the matrix is irradiated for 30-45 days by adopting a method for gradually enhancing the light intensity until the seedlings grow to contain at least two true leaves;

the idesia polycarpa seedling culture device comprises a planting box (1), a planting mechanism (2), a culture mechanism (3) and a liquid collecting mechanism (4); the planting box (1) is cylindrical; the culture mechanism (3) and the liquid collecting mechanism (4) are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the planting box (1); the planting mechanism (2) is arranged between the culture mechanism (3) and the liquid collecting mechanism (4);

the culture mechanism (3) comprises a plurality of circles of illuminating assemblies (31) and a plurality of circles of spraying assemblies (32), wherein the illuminating assemblies (31) and the spraying assemblies (32) are arranged at intervals from inside to outside;

the planting mechanism (2) comprises a support (21), a rotating assembly (22) and a planting assembly (23), the support (21) is fixed on the inner wall of the planting box (1), the rotating assembly (22) is arranged on the support (21), the rotating assembly (22) comprises a rotating table (221), and the planting assembly (23) comprises a plurality of planting grids (231) distributed on the rotating table (221) in an array manner; planting boxes are correspondingly placed in the planting grids (231); two fixing assemblies (232) for fixing the planting box are symmetrically arranged in the planting grid (231), the planting box, the planting grid (231) and the rotating platform (221) are provided with corresponding through holes, and the culture mechanism (3) is communicated with the liquid collecting mechanism (4) through the through holes; the fixing component (232) comprises a jacking cylinder (2321) and a clamping piece (2322), and the clamping piece (2322) is fixed at the output end of the jacking cylinder (2321); the shape of the clamping piece (2322) is fitted with the shape of the outer wall of the planting box;

s5, leveling the land to ensure smooth drainage, using 150 kg of humic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and applying 10 kg of ferrous sulfate and 3 kg of 90% crystal dipterex for soil disinfection and killing soil pests; digging planting pits in an array distribution on the land after 15 days, and transplanting the seedlings into the planting pits; loosening soil, topdressing, watering, killing insects and disinfecting every 10-30 days until the seedlings stably survive;

2. The method for planting idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PH of the culture medium is 6-8; and after the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted, the culture medium is sterilized at high temperature and high pressure and then is injected into the culture medium for cooling and solidification.

3. The planting method of idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the water permeable cloth is 1-10 mm.

4. The planting method of idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of turf, straw powder and peanut shell powder in the matrix is 6:1:3 by weight.

5. The planting method of idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spacing between the planting pits is 100-500mm and the depth is 50-200 mm.

6. The method for planting idesia polycarpa according to claim 1, wherein the under-tree fruit setting device of idesia polycarpa comprises a receiving body (10), a supporting body (20) and a collecting assembly (30); the receptacle (10) comprises an outer wall (101) and an inner core (102); the outer wall (101) is a sheet body and forms a conical structure after being extended; a movable connecting port (103) is formed in the outer wall (101), and the accommodating body (10) is matched with or separated from the idesia polycarpa tree through opening and closing of the movable connecting port (103); a through hole (104) is formed in the side wall of the outer wall (101); the inner core (102) extends downwards in a spiral shape, and the bottom of the inner core is communicated with the through hole (104);

the number of the support bodies (20) is more than three, the support bodies (20) are uniformly distributed on the edge of the accommodating body (10), each support body (20) comprises a fixing component (201) and a supporting rod (202), the fixing components (201) are hinged to the supporting rods (202), the supporting rods (202) are connected with the outer wall (101) of the accommodating body (10), and the accommodating body (10) is stretched through the inclination of the supporting rods (202);

the collecting assembly (30) comprises a fruit receiving hose (301), a fruit receiving box (302) and a buffer structure (303); the two ends of the fruit receiving hose (301) are respectively communicated with the through hole (104) and the fruit receiving box (302), and the buffer structure (303) is arranged at the bottom of the fruit receiving box (302).

7. The planting method of idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fixing assembly (201) of the support body (20) comprises a foot pedal (2011) and a pin (2012); the pin (2012) is fixed at the lower part of the pedal (2011).

8. The planting method of idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid collecting mechanism (4) comprises a liquid collecting plate (41), a liquid storage bin (42) and a liquid discharging pipe (43); the liquid collecting plate (41) is arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage bin (42), the outer wall of the liquid collecting plate (41) is attached to the inner wall of the liquid storage bin (42), and the height of the liquid collecting plate (41) is uniformly reduced towards the liquid discharging pipe (43); a liquid discharging valve (44) is arranged on the liquid discharging pipe (43);

the lighting assembly (31) comprises a first fixing support (311) and a plurality of lighting lamps (312), the first fixing support (311) is annular, and the lighting lamps (312) are uniformly fixed on the first fixing support (311);

the spraying assembly (32) comprises a second fixing support (321), a water inlet pipe and a plurality of spraying pipes (322), the second fixing support (321) is annular, and the plurality of spraying pipes (322) are uniformly fixed on the second fixing support (321) and communicated with the water inlet pipe;

the rotating assembly (22) further comprises a drive motor (222); the outer circumference of revolving stage (221) is equipped with driven gear, the cover is equipped with drive gear on the drive shaft of driving motor (222), driven gear with drive gear meshes mutually.

9. The method of planting idesia polycarpa as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rotating assembly (22) further comprises a drive motor (222); the outer circumference of the rotating platform (221) is provided with a driven gear, a driving shaft of the driving motor (222) is sleeved with a driving gear, and the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear; the bottom of the rotating platform (221) is provided with a plurality of guide wheels, and the bracket (21) is provided with a circular guide groove; the guide wheels are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the rotating platform (221) along the circumference and are arranged in the guide grooves.