CN108691219B - 一种纺织印染工艺 - Google Patents

一种纺织印染工艺 Download PDF

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CN108691219B
CN108691219B CN201710221358.0A CN201710221358A CN108691219B CN 108691219 B CN108691219 B CN 108691219B CN 201710221358 A CN201710221358 A CN 201710221358A CN 108691219 B CN108691219 B CN 108691219B
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李钧
章利海
张马裕
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Zhejiang Jiahua Printing And Dyeing Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种纺织印染工艺，属于纺织印染技术领域，采用退卷—前处理退煮漂一浴法—染色—脱水—固色—拉宽定型—印花—整理的工艺流程，通过在印染过程中的染料内添加了阻燃剂和香料树脂，并采用特定配比配制成布匹染料，使最终印染完成的产品具有阻燃性能和香味，提高产品的多样性，而且在固色过程中选用无醛固色剂KS，绿色环保，能降低甲醛等的含量，也提高棉织物多次水洗的色牢度，使染色后的纯棉织物染色效果好，视觉效果提升。

Description

一种纺织印染工艺
技术领域
本发明公开一种纺织印染工艺，属于纺织印染技术领域。
背景技术
纺织工业是我国传统的支柱产业，包括纺织、印染、化纤、服装和纺织专用设备制造等五个部分。随着国民经济的快速发展，我国的印染业也进入了高速发展期，设备和技术水平明显提升，生产工艺和设备不断更新。印染工艺是指在生产过程中对各类纺织材料进行物理和化学处理的总称，包括对纺织材料的前处理、染色、印花和后整理的过程，统称为印染工艺。染色是使染料与纤维之间发生化学或物理化学的结合，或用化学方法在纤维上生成颜料，使整个纺织品具有一定坚牢色泽的加工过程。印染工艺在纺织工业占据着举足轻重的地位，直接关系到织物的综合质量。随着人物物质生活的提高，人们对绚丽的颜色越加喜爱，特别是是追求时尚的年轻人喜欢穿着颜色多彩或层次鲜明的服饰，特别是多次洗涤后还需要保持较鲜艳的色彩。由于现在布料底层都为白色，布料染色效果比较单一，颜色层次感较差，并且染色后的布料可能会出现褪色现象，不能满足人们的需要。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是为了提供一种纺织印染工艺，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案来实现的：
一种纺织印染工艺，其特征在于，该工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)退卷：利用退卷机的高频率振荡完成对织物的切边；
(2)前处理退煮漂一浴法：首先配制前处理液，将双氧水、氢氧化钠、双氧水稳定剂、分散剂和水按照一定的配方制成前处理液，双氧水用量为10-12g/L，氢氧化钠用量为10-15g/L，双氧水稳定剂用量为2-3g/L，分散剂用量为3g/L；将织物浸入前处理液中，调整浴比1:20，调节pH值为10.3，升温至130-150℃处理60min，最后用100℃热水充分洗净；前处理退煮漂一浴法的升温工艺如下：室温下采用1.5℃/min的速率升温至85℃，在温度升温至85℃以后，采用0.8℃/min升温速率，升温至100℃保温5分钟，再以0.5℃/min升温速率升至130-150℃保温60min；
(3)染色：首先配制染液，将双活性基团的活性染料、氯化钠、软柔剂、金属螯合剂、碳酸钠、发泡剂、渗透剂、阻燃剂、香料树脂进行混合后发泡，活性染料用量为35-55g/L，氯化钠用量为15g/L，软柔剂用量为3-5g/L，金属螯合剂用量为5-6g/L，碳酸钠用量为20g/L，发泡剂用量为8g/L，渗透剂用量为5g/L，阻燃剂用量为1g/L，香料树脂用量为1g/L；将织物浸入发泡后的染液中，浴比为1:15，60℃处理10min后用水漂洗两次；
(4)脱水：将漂洗后的织物进行轧压工艺，轧车为多浸二轧，车速为30m/min，完成后投入预处理液中反应10分钟，再次脱水，将染色后的布料送入烘干装置中进行烘干处理；预处理液内含有纳米氧化锌分散液；
(5)固色：将烘干后的织物重新放入染缸，浴比为1:10-1:15，加入盐类溶剂和无醛固色剂KS，其中盐类溶剂加入量为5-8g/L，无醛固色剂KS加入量为2.5-3.5g/L，升温至60℃保温30min，取出水洗；所述盐类溶剂为元明粉或碳酸钠；
(6)拉宽定型：采用拉幅热定型机对织物进行拉幅和热定型工艺；热定型升温工艺为先按照1.5-2℃/min的速度升温至100-110℃保持5-8min，然后按照1-1.5℃/min的速度升温至160-180℃保持2-3min；
(7)印花：将金银色泽的金属粉末、涂料、原糊和化学助剂调成色浆通过筛网制版印在织物上，再轧碱短蒸，使染料与纤维反应，再经水洗、皂洗，完成印花过程，使织物呈现出光彩夺目的印花图案，所述金属粉末为铜锌合金或铝粉；
(8)整理：进行轧光、起毛、防水、防油、吸湿排汗或涂层的功能性加工。
作为优选：所述织物为棉织物。
作为优选：所述双氧水稳定剂为硅酸钠和乙二胺四醋酸钠盐。
作为优选：所述金属螯合剂为亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠，所述软柔剂为棉用软滑型硅油C070。
作为优选：步骤(3)的升温工艺为将经过前处理的织物置于染液中，先将染液开始以2℃/min的速率升温至40℃，保温20～40min；然后加入氯化钠以0.8℃/min的速率升温至50℃～55℃，保温20～40min；再加入纯碱以0.5℃/min的速率升温至60℃，保持20～40min；最后以2.5℃/min的速率降温，染色过程完成。
本发明的有益效果：
1.对棉织物采用前处理退煮漂一浴法，缩短了工艺流程，提高了生产效率，也降低了对水电等资源的消耗，节约成本。
2.纳米氧化锌是一种新型的纺织助剂,添加到纺织浆料里面,是完全的纳米结合,不是简单的吸附,对棉织物具有良好的抗紫外性和抗菌性，其耐水洗提高几十倍。
3.在固色的步骤中加碱能引起染料和纤维发生键合反应，破坏上染吸附平衡，从而能够二次上染，达到固色效果，提高布料的色牢度，同时选用无醛固色剂KS，绿色环保，能降低甲醛等的含量，提高产品质量，也保护了环境。
4.通过在前处理和染色过程中对温度的分段控制，保证了染色前杂质的去除，使其具有良好的上染效果，从而使织物染色均匀度好、色牢度高。
5.印花过程中，在色浆内添加金银色泽的金属粉末，能使织物呈现出光彩夺目的印花图案，提高布料的美观性。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种纺织印染工艺的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1对本发明一种纺织印染工艺做进一步说明。
一种纺织印染工艺，其特征在于，该工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)退卷：利用退卷机的高频率振荡完成对织物的切边；
(2)前处理退煮漂一浴法：首先配制前处理液，将双氧水、氢氧化钠、双氧水稳定剂、分散剂和水按照一定的配方制成前处理液，双氧水用量为10-12g/L，氢氧化钠用量为10-15g/L，双氧水稳定剂用量为2-3g/L，分散剂用量为3g/L；将织物浸入前处理液中，调整浴比1:20，调节pH值为10.3，升温至130-150℃处理60min，最后用100℃热水充分洗净；前处理退煮漂一浴法的升温工艺如下：室温下采用1.5℃/min的速率升温至85℃，在温度升温至85℃以后，采用0.8℃/min升温速率，升温至100℃保温5分钟，再以0.5℃/min升温速率升至130-150℃保温60min；
(3)染色：首先配制染液，将双活性基团的活性染料、氯化钠、软柔剂、金属螯合剂、碳酸钠、发泡剂、渗透剂、阻燃剂、香料树脂进行混合后发泡，活性染料用量为35-55g/L，氯化钠用量为15g/L，软柔剂用量为3-5g/L，金属螯合剂用量为5-6g/L，碳酸钠用量为20g/L，发泡剂用量为8g/L，渗透剂用量为5g/L，阻燃剂用量为1g/L，香料树脂用量为1g/L；将织物浸入发泡后的染液中，浴比为1:15，60℃处理10min后用水漂洗两次；
(4)脱水：将漂洗后的织物进行轧压工艺，轧车为多浸二轧，车速为30m/min，完成后投入预处理液中反应10分钟，再次脱水，将染色后的布料送入烘干装置中进行烘干处理；预处理液内含有纳米氧化锌分散液；
(5)固色：将烘干后的织物重新放入染缸，浴比为1:10-1:15，加入盐类溶剂和无醛固色剂KS，其中盐类溶剂加入量为5-8g/L，无醛固色剂KS加入量为2.5-3.5g/L，升温至60℃保温30min，取出水洗；所述盐类溶剂为元明粉或碳酸钠；
(6)拉宽定型：采用拉幅热定型机对织物进行拉幅和热定型工艺；热定型升温工艺为先按照1.5-2℃/min的速度升温至100-110℃保持5-8min，然后按照1-1.5℃/min的速度升温至160-180℃保持2-3min；
(7)印花：将金银色泽的金属粉末、涂料、原糊和化学助剂调成色浆通过筛网制版印在织物上，再轧碱短蒸，使染料与纤维反应，再经水洗、皂洗，完成印花过程，使织物呈现出光彩夺目的印花图案，所述金属粉末为铜锌合金或铝粉；
(8)整理：进行轧光、起毛、防水、防油、吸湿排汗或涂层的功能性加工。
所述织物为棉织物；所述双氧水稳定剂为硅酸钠和乙二胺四醋酸钠盐；所述金属螯合剂为亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠，所述软柔剂为棉用软滑型硅油C070；步骤(3)的升温工艺为将经过前处理的织物置于染液中，先将染液开始以2℃/min的速率升温至40℃，保温20～40min；然后加入氯化钠以0.8℃/min的速率升温至50℃～55℃，保温20～40min；再加入纯碱以0.5℃/min的速率升温至60℃，保持20～40min；最后以2.5℃/min的速率降温，染色过程完成。
对棉织物采用前处理退煮漂一浴法，缩短了工艺流程，提高了生产效率，也降低了对水电等资源的消耗，节约成本。
纳米氧化锌是一种新型的纺织助剂,添加到纺织浆料里面,是完全的纳米结合,不是简单的吸附,对棉织物具有良好的抗紫外性和抗菌性，其耐水洗提高几十倍。
在固色的步骤中加碱能引起染料和纤维发生键合反应，破坏上染吸附平衡，从而能够二次上染，达到固色效果，提高布料的色牢度，同时选用无醛固色剂KS，绿色环保，能降低甲醛等的含量，提高产品质量，也保护了环境。
通过在前处理和染色过程中对温度的分段控制，保证了染色前杂质的去除，使其具有良好的上染效果，从而使织物染色均匀度好、色牢度高。
印花过程中，在色浆内添加金银色泽的金属粉末，能使织物呈现出光彩夺目的印花图案，提高布料的美观性。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种纺织印染工艺，其特征在于，该工艺包括以下步骤：
(1)退卷：利用退卷机的高频率振荡完成对织物的切边，所述织物为棉织物；
(2)前处理退煮漂一浴法：首先配制前处理液，将双氧水、氢氧化钠、双氧水稳定剂、分散剂和水按照一定的配方制成前处理液，双氧水用量为10-12g/L，氢氧化钠用量为10-15g/L，双氧水稳定剂用量为2-3g/L，分散剂用量为3g/L；将织物浸入前处理液中，调整浴比1:20，调节pH值为10.3，升温至130-150℃处理60min，最后用100℃热水充分洗净；前处理退煮漂一浴法的升温工艺如下：室温下采用1.5℃/min的速率升温至85℃，在温度升温至85℃以后，采用0.8℃/min升温速率，升温至100℃保温5分钟，再以0.5℃/min升温速率升至130-150℃保温60min；
(3)染色：首先配制染液，将双活性基团的活性染料、氯化钠、软柔剂、金属螯合剂、碳酸钠、发泡剂、渗透剂、阻燃剂、香料树脂进行混合后发泡，活性染料用量为35-55g/L，氯化钠用量为15g/L，软柔剂用量为3-5g/L，金属螯合剂用量为5-6g/L，碳酸钠用量为20g/L，发泡剂用量为8g/L，渗透剂用量为5g/L，阻燃剂用量为1g/L，香料树脂用量为1g/L；将织物浸入发泡后的染液中，浴比为1:15，60℃处理10min后用水漂洗两次，染色时的升温工艺为将经过前处理的织物置于染液中，先将染液开始以2℃/min的速率升温至40℃，保温20～40min；然后加入氯化钠以0.8℃/min的速率升温至50℃～55℃，保温20～40min；再加入纯碱以0.5℃/min的速率升温至60℃，保持20～40min；最后以2.5℃/min的速率降温，染色过程完成；
(4)脱水：将漂洗后的织物进行轧压工艺，轧车为多浸二轧，车速为30m/min，完成后投入预处理液中反应10分钟，再次脱水，将染色后的布料送入烘干装置中进行烘干处理；预处理液内含有纳米氧化锌分散液；
(5)固色：将烘干后的织物重新放入染缸，浴比为1:10-1:15，加入盐类溶剂和无醛固色剂KS，其中盐类溶剂加入量为5-8g/L，无醛固色剂KS加入量为2.5-3.5g/L，升温至60℃保温30min，取出水洗；所述盐类溶剂为元明粉或碳酸钠；
(6)拉宽定型：采用拉幅热定型机对织物进行拉幅和热定型工艺；热定型升温工艺为先按照1.5-2℃/min的速度升温至100-110℃保持5-8min，然后按照1-1.5℃/min的速度升温至160-180℃保持2-3min；
(7)印花：将金银色泽的金属粉末、涂料、原糊和化学助剂调成色浆通过筛网制版印在织物上，再轧碱短蒸，使染料与纤维反应，再经水洗、皂洗，完成印花过程，使织物呈现出光彩夺目的印花图案，所述金属粉末为铜锌合金或铝粉；
(8)整理：进行轧光、起毛、防水、防油、吸湿排汗或涂层的功能性加工。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纺织印染工艺，其特征在于：所述双氧水稳定剂为硅酸钠和乙二胺四醋酸钠盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纺织印染工艺，其特征在于：所述金属螯合剂为亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠，所述软柔剂为棉用软滑型硅油C070。
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