CN108687056B - A kind of laser cleaning equipment and method - Google Patents
A kind of laser cleaning equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108687056B CN108687056B CN201710218974.0A CN201710218974A CN108687056B CN 108687056 B CN108687056 B CN 108687056B CN 201710218974 A CN201710218974 A CN 201710218974A CN 108687056 B CN108687056 B CN 108687056B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
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Abstract
本发明涉及激光加工技术领域，公开了一种激光清洗设备及方法。所述设备包括：振镜系统、振镜支架、光学聚焦镜、旋转工作台和操作台；所述旋转工作台倾斜设置于所述操作台上，用于安装待清洗工件；所述振镜支架设于所述操作台上，并位于旋转工作台的一侧；所述振镜系统安装于振镜支架上，所述聚焦镜安装在所述振镜系统的下方，并位于所述旋转工作台的上方；本发明实施例所提供的激光清洗设备及方法能够全面清洗具有不规则曲面、高低断差的平面和通孔的工件，降低了工件清洗成本，提升了工件清洗效率，并在工件激光清洗领域具有普遍的适应性。
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a laser cleaning device and method. The equipment includes: a galvanometer system, a galvanometer bracket, an optical focusing mirror, a rotary table and an operating table; the rotary table is tilted on the operating table for installing the workpiece to be cleaned; the galvanometer bracket It is arranged on the operating table and is located on one side of the rotary table; the galvanometer system is installed on the galvanometer bracket, and the focusing mirror is installed under the galvanometer system and is located on the rotary table The laser cleaning equipment and method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can comprehensively clean workpieces with irregular curved surfaces, planes with high and low discontinuities, and through holes, reduce workpiece cleaning costs, improve workpiece cleaning efficiency, and perform laser cleaning on workpieces. The field of cleaning has universal adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to laser cleaning equipment and a method.
Background
After the workpiece is subjected to hot processing and cold processing forming, the surface of the workpiece can be oxidized and rusted, the subsequent paint spraying process is easy to prevent paint from being sprayed or paint is dropped in the using process to cause further oxidation and rusting, and the using performance of the workpiece is reduced; therefore, the workpiece needs to be cleaned before painting to remove the oxide layer or rust on the surface.
The current common workpiece cleaning process comprises a sand blasting mode and a laser cleaning mode, wherein the sand blasting mode utilizes high-speed sand flow to impact a workpiece to achieve the purpose of removing an oxide layer on the surface of the workpiece; the process consumes a large amount of quartz sand and high-pressure gas, and generates a large amount of noise and dust in the operation process, which is contrary to the energy-saving and environment-friendly requirements put forward by the state; due to the linear propagation characteristic and focal length sensitivity of laser, the existing laser cleaning method is only suitable for cleaning plane workpieces, and cannot clean planes in the vertical direction and planes with high-low offset, and most workpieces have irregular curved surfaces and planes with high-low offset and often have irregular vertical through holes, so that the existing laser cleaning method cannot clean the irregular workpieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides laser cleaning equipment and a laser cleaning method, which aim to solve the problem that the existing cleaning technology is not suitable for cleaning irregular workpieces.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser cleaning apparatus, including: the device comprises a galvanometer system, a galvanometer bracket, a focusing mirror, a rotary workbench and an operation table;
the rotary worktable is obliquely arranged on the operating platform and is used for installing a workpiece to be cleaned;
the galvanometer bracket is arranged on the operating table and is positioned on one side of the rotary worktable;
the galvanometer system is arranged on the galvanometer bracket and used for controlling the deflection of the laser beam; the focusing mirror is arranged below the vibrating mirror system, is positioned above the rotary worktable and is used for focusing the laser beam.
Further, the rotary worktable comprises a motor, a base and a motor bracket;
the base is fixed on the operating table, the motor support is fixed on the base, and the motor is obliquely arranged on the motor support; and is positioned below the focusing mirror.
Furthermore, the motor also comprises a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a fixing part, and the workpiece to be cleaned is arranged on the fixing part.
As an alternative to the embodiment of the invention, the angle of inclination of the motor on the motor support is 45 °.
Further, the laser cleaning equipment also comprises an electric control box; the operating platform is fixed on the electrical control box; the electric control box is connected with the rotary worktable in a circuit mode.
Furthermore, the laser cleaning equipment also comprises an industrial personal computer;
the industrial personal computer is arranged in the electric control box and is respectively connected with the electric control box and the galvanometer system in a circuit mode.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a laser cleaning method, which comprises the following steps:
installing a workpiece to be cleaned on a rotary workbench; wherein the rotary worktable is arranged obliquely;
emitting a laser beam, focusing the laser beam on a horizontal plane where the center of a workpiece to be cleaned is located after the laser beam is deflected, and extracting graphic information of the intersection part of the workpiece to be cleaned and the horizontal plane;
and analyzing the graphic information to obtain scanning path parameters, controlling the laser beam to scan the workpiece to be cleaned according to the scanning path parameters, and simultaneously controlling the rotary worktable to drive the workpiece to be cleaned to rotate so as to complete the cleaning of the workpiece to be cleaned.
Furthermore, the rotating speed of the rotating workbench is matched with the laser scanning speed and the scanning line length of the laser beam, so that the maximum distance between adjacent laser scanning lines formed on the workpiece to be cleaned by the laser beam is 0.045mm to 0.055 mm.
The laser cleaning equipment and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:
the motor is inclined by a certain angle, so that a laser beam can irradiate into a through hole of a workpiece to be cleaned and a plane with a high-low offset, the laser beam sequentially deflects through the vibrating mirror system and is focused by the optical focusing mirror, then the intersection part of the workpiece to be cleaned and a focal plane on which the laser beam is focused is continuously scanned and cleaned, and then the motor is controlled by the electric control box to drive the workpiece to be cleaned to rotate, so that the cleaning of the whole workpiece to be cleaned is realized;
according to the laser cleaning equipment and the laser cleaning method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the rotary worktable is obliquely arranged, so that the laser beam can comprehensively clean the workpiece to be cleaned with the plane and the through hole with irregular curved surfaces and high-low offset, and the cleaning process has no high decibel noise, less dust and no consumable material, so that the cost for cleaning the workpiece to be cleaned is reduced while the cleaning process is energy-saving and environment-friendly, the cleaning efficiency is improved, the workpiece to be cleaned with various structures can be cleaned, and the laser cleaning equipment and the laser cleaning method have universal adaptability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a laser cleaning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser scanning line on a brake disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a laser cleaning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-galvanometer system, 2-focusing mirror, 21-focal plane, 3-rotary worktable, 31-motor, 32-base, 33-motor support, 4-electric control box, 5-industrial personal computer, 6-operation table, 7-galvanometer support, 8-workpiece to be cleaned and 81-intersecting line.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, a full description of the invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a structural diagram of a laser cleaning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in an embodiment of the present invention, the laser cleaning apparatus includes: the device comprises a galvanometer system 1, a focusing mirror 2, a rotary worktable 3, an electrical control box 4, an industrial personal computer 5, an operation table 6 and a galvanometer bracket 7; operation panel 6 is fixed in the upper surface of electrical control box 4, industrial computer 5 installs in electrical control box 4, swivel work head 3, mirror support 7 that shakes all are fixed in on the operation panel 6, mirror support 7 that shakes is located one side of swivel work head 3, mirror system 1 and focusing mirror 2 combination mount that shake one side on mirror support 7 top, focusing mirror 2 is located mirror system 1's laser scanning port department that shakes to be located swivel work head 3 directly over. The industrial personal computer 5 is used for setting rotation parameters of the rotary worktable 3 and scanning path parameters of the galvanometer system 1 and respectively transmitting the rotation parameters and the scanning path parameters to the electric control box 4 and the galvanometer system 1; the electric control box 4 is used for outputting laser beams and controlling the rotary worktable 3 to rotate according to set rotation parameters; the galvanometer system 1 is used for deflecting the laser beam output by the electrical control box 4, and after the deflected laser beam is focused on the workpiece 8 to be cleaned through the focusing mirror 2, the galvanometer system 1 controls the laser beam to clean the workpiece 8 to be cleaned on the rotating workbench 3 according to the set scanning path parameters. The vertical height of the galvanometer support 7 is higher than that of the rotary workbench 3, and the height of the galvanometer system 1 and the height of the focusing mirror 2 can be adjusted through the galvanometer support 7 according to the size of a workpiece 8 to be cleaned.
Further, the rotating table 3 comprises a motor 31 and a base 32, the base 32 is fixed on the operating table 6, a motor support 33 is further fixed on the base 32, the motor support 33 is located on one side of the galvanometer support 7, and the vertical height of the motor support 33 is lower than that of the galvanometer support 7; the motor 31 is mounted on the motor bracket 33 and located below the focusing mirror 2, and a rotating shaft (not shown) of the motor 31 forms a certain inclination angle with the operating platform 6, and a fixing component (not shown) for fixing the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is mounted on the rotating shaft. In the embodiment of the present invention, the fixing component includes, but is not limited to, a workpiece fixture, a workpiece tray, etc., and if the center of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is provided with a through hole, the fixing component may also be a snap, and the shape or size of the fixing component may be selected according to the type of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned.
The embodiment of the invention takes an irregular brake disc as an example of a workpiece to be cleaned, and the cleaning process of the laser cleaning equipment in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: because the surface of the irregular brake disc often has a cross section and a through hole which are vertical to the disc surface of the irregular brake disc, the inclination angle between the rotating shaft of the motor 31 and the operating platform 6 is set to be 45 degrees, and the irregular brake disc is installed on the rotating shaft of the motor 31, and at the moment, the inclination angle between the disc surface of the irregular brake disc and the operating platform 6 is 45 degrees; the electric control box 4 controls a laser transmitter (not shown) to emit laser beams (not shown), the laser beams sequentially pass through deflection adjustment of the vibration mirror system 1 and optical focusing of the focusing mirror 2 and are finally focused on the center position of the irregular brake disc, at the moment, the laser beams are perpendicular to the operating table 6, the incident angle of the laser beams on the disc surface of the irregular brake disc is 45 degrees, and the included angles between the laser beams and the vertical section on the irregular brake disc and the inner wall of the through hole are 45 degrees; the laser beam is focused to a point on the horizontal plane of the center of the irregular brake disc through the focusing mirror 2, and the laser spot characteristics are consistent, namely the horizontal plane of the center of the irregular brake disc is also the focal plane 21 for focusing the laser beam; the industrial personal computer 5 acquires image information of an intersecting line 81 of the irregular brake disc surface and the focal plane 21, analyzes the image information to obtain a scanning path parameter, transmits the scanning path parameter to the galvanometer system 1, and controls the laser beam to continuously scan the intersecting line 81 (namely a laser scanning path) at a high speed by the galvanometer system 1 according to the scanning path parameter; simultaneously, through the rotating parameter control that electrical control box 4 set for according to industrial computer 5 the motor 31 drives irregular brake disc rotation to make laser beam can compromise the washing simultaneously irregular brake disc quotation, vertical section and through-hole inner wall realize irregular brake disc's comprehensive washing. And after the cleaning is finished, the irregular brake disc is turned over, and the operation is executed again to clean the other surface of the irregular brake disc. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning process of the laser cleaning apparatus is described only by taking the cleaning of the irregular brake disc as an example, but in a specific embodiment, the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is not limited to the irregular brake disc, and may also be a gear, a flywheel, etc., and at this time, the purpose of overall cleaning can be achieved only by correspondingly adjusting an included angle between the motor 31 and the operation table 6, for example, 30 °, 60 °, etc., according to the shape and the position of the upper section and the through hole of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned.
Further, please refer to fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram of laser scanning lines on a brake disc according to an embodiment of the present invention, where a circle surface shown in fig. 2 is an irregular brake disc surface, and a virtual straight line is a scanning line formed by a laser beam on the irregular brake disc (actual scanning lines are very close to each other, and the virtual straight lines are relatively dispersed when drawing for explanation purpose); in the embodiment of the invention, the virtual straight line where the point a is located can be regarded as the scanning line of the laser beam on the brake disc, the laser beam reciprocally scans back and forth along the virtual straight line where the point a is located (the scanning speed is about 10000mm/s generally), the irregular brake disc rotates under the driving of the motor 31 while the laser beam scans, so that N scanning lines (namely the dotted line type circle diameter shown in fig. 2) shown by the virtual straight line are formed on the irregular brake disc, and the brake disc is cleaned when the scanning lines completely cover the brake disc; the imaginary straight line where the point b is located can be regarded as the scan line adjacent to the imaginary straight line where the point a is located, and the maximum distance between the two scan lines refers to the length of the connection line between the point a and the point b shown in fig. 2, that is, the length value of L (the length value of L has general representativeness, and can be regarded as the maximum distance between any adjacent scan lines, and is only described separately as an embodiment of the present invention); preferably, the length value of the L is 0.045mm to 0.055mm, and if the length value of the L is too large, cleaning residues can be left on irregular brake discs; if the length value of the L is too small, the cleaning time is increased, and the cleaning efficiency is influenced, and if the length value of the L is 0.045mm to 0.055mm, the irregular brake disc can be cleaned comprehensively, and the cleaning efficiency of the brake disc is ensured; in the embodiment of the invention, only the brake disc cleaning is taken as an example to illustrate the implementation requirement of the laser cleaning equipment for cleaning the workpiece, but in the specific embodiment, the rotating speed of the motor 31 during working is adjusted to match the rotating speed with the laser scanning speed and the scanning line length of the galvanometer system 1, so that the maximum distance between adjacent laser scanning lines formed by the laser beam on the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is about 0.05mm, and the workpiece can be cleaned comprehensively and efficiently.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 together, fig. 3 is a flowchart of a laser cleaning method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the laser cleaning method includes the following steps:
s1, material loading and contraposition: installing a workpiece 8 to be cleaned on a motor 31 of a rotary workbench 3, and adjusting the inclination angle of the motor 31 to enable a laser beam focused by a focusing mirror 2 to be incident into a through hole on the workpiece 8 to be cleaned, wherein preferably, an included angle between the laser beam and the inner wall and the cross section of the through hole on the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is 45 degrees, and at the moment, the laser beam can simultaneously clean the inner wall and the cross section of the through hole on the workpiece 8 to be cleaned, so that the laser cleaning effect is good; adjusting the laser beam to focus at the center of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned, specifically, adjusting the laser beam through a laser head lifting body (not shown) to focus at the center of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned through a vibrating mirror system 1 and a focusing mirror 2; optionally, the laser beam is emitted from an infrared fiber laser (not shown), and has a pulse wavelength of 1055nm to 1075nm and a pulse width of 200 ns;
s2, acquiring the graphic information and the scanning path parameters, specifically including the following steps 1 and 2:
1. acquiring graphic information: focusing a laser beam on a horizontal plane where the center of a workpiece 8 to be cleaned is located through a focusing mirror 2, wherein the horizontal plane is a focal plane 21 (shown in fig. 1) for focusing the laser beam, specifically, the characteristics of laser spots, which are focused to a point on the plane where the center of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is located, of the laser beam are consistent through the focusing mirror 2, so that the center of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is ensured to be aligned with the center of the focusing mirror 2, optionally, different focusing mirrors, such as an optical focusing mirror (the focal length of a common optical focusing lens is 300mm), can be adopted, and the vertical height between the focusing mirror 2 and the workpiece 8 to be cleaned can be adjusted by adjusting the height of a vibrating mirror support 7, so as to achieve a better focusing effect; at this time, the laser beam is in a focusing state at each position of the intersection part of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned and the focal plane 21, and when the intersection part is taken as a laser scanning path by the laser beam, the intersection part can be completely cleaned by the laser beam; finally, extracting the graphic information of the intersection part of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned and the focal plane 21 and guiding the graphic information into the industrial personal computer 5; in the embodiment of the present invention, the intersecting portion is an irregular curve, i.e. the intersecting line 81 shown in the enlarged view of fig. 1, because the shapes of the workpieces 8 to be cleaned are different in the practical embodiment, the shapes of the intersecting lines 81 of the workpieces 8 to be cleaned and the focal plane 21 are also different;
2. acquiring scanning path parameters: analyzing the graphic information through an industrial personal computer 5 to obtain scanning path parameters of the laser beam, and transmitting the scanning path parameters to the galvanometer system 1 through a circuit; it should be noted that the dashed lines and connecting lines shown in fig. 1 for illustration and indication are for better explaining the present invention and are not within the scope of the present invention;
s3, laser cleaning, wherein the galvanometer system 1 controls the laser beam to scan the workpiece 8 to be cleaned according to the scanning path parameters transmitted by the industrial personal computer 5, meanwhile, the electric control box 4 controls the motor 31 to drive the workpiece 8 to be cleaned to rotate, cleaning of the upper surface of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is completed in a matching mode, then the lower surface of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is upwards installed on the motor 31, and the lower surface of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned is cleaned.
The laser cleaning equipment and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that the motor 31 is inclined by a certain angle, so that the laser beam can irradiate into the through hole of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned arranged on the motor 31 and the plane with the height difference, the electric appliance control box 4 is used for controlling the laser beam to sequentially deflect through the vibrating mirror system 1 and focus through the optical focusing lens 2, then the intersecting line 81 of the workpiece 8 to be cleaned and the focal plane 21 focused by the laser beam is continuously scanned and cleaned, and the motor 31 is controlled by the electric control box 4 to drive the workpiece 8 to be cleaned to rotate, so that the cleaning of the whole workpiece 8 to be cleaned is realized;
the laser cleaning equipment and the laser cleaning method provided by the embodiment of the invention can comprehensively clean the workpiece to be cleaned with the plane and the through hole with irregular curved surfaces and high-low offset; the laser cleaning equipment and the laser cleaning method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages of no high decibel noise, little dust, no consumable material, energy conservation, environmental protection, reduced cost for cleaning the workpiece to be cleaned, improved cleaning efficiency, capability of cleaning the workpieces to be cleaned with various structures, and universal adaptability.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be equivalent replacements within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A laser cleaning apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a galvanometer system, a galvanometer bracket, a focusing mirror, a rotary workbench and an operation table;
the rotary worktable is obliquely arranged on the operating platform and is used for installing a workpiece to be cleaned;
the galvanometer bracket is arranged on the operating table and is positioned on one side of the rotary worktable;
the galvanometer system is arranged on the galvanometer bracket and used for controlling the deflection of the laser beam; the focusing mirror is arranged below the galvanometer system and above the rotary worktable and used for focusing the laser beam, the galvanometer system controls the laser beam to continuously scan the intersection line of the plane of the workpiece to be cleaned and the focal plane according to the scanning path parameters, and the focal plane is the horizontal plane where the center of the workpiece to be cleaned is located;
the rotary workbench comprises a motor, a base and a motor bracket;
the base is fixed in on the operation panel, the motor support is fixed on the base, the motor slope is installed on the motor support, and be located the below of focusing mirror, the motor still includes the rotation axis, the rotation axis with the operation panel is preset inclination, the one end of rotation axis is equipped with fixed part, treat that the washing work piece is installed on fixed part.
2. The laser cleaning apparatus of claim 1, wherein the motor is inclined at an angle of 45 ° to the motor mount.
3. The laser cleaning apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electrical control box;
the operating platform is fixed on the electric control box, and the electric control box is connected with the rotary working platform in a circuit mode.
4. The laser cleaning apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an industrial personal computer;
the industrial personal computer is arranged in the electric control box and is respectively connected with the electric control box and the galvanometer system in a circuit mode.
5. A laser cleaning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
installing a workpiece to be cleaned on a rotary workbench; the rotary worktable is arranged obliquely, and the cleaning angle of a workpiece to be cleaned is changed by adjusting the inclination angle of a motor on the rotary worktable;
emitting a laser beam, focusing the laser beam on a horizontal plane where the center of a workpiece to be cleaned is located after the laser beam is deflected, and extracting graphic information of the intersection part of the workpiece to be cleaned and the horizontal plane;
and analyzing the graphic information to obtain scanning path parameters, controlling the laser beam to scan the intersection line of the plane of the workpiece to be cleaned and the horizontal plane of the center of the workpiece to be cleaned according to the scanning path parameters, and controlling the rotary worktable to drive the workpiece to be cleaned to rotate so as to complete the cleaning of the workpiece to be cleaned.
6. The laser cleaning method of claim 5, wherein the rotation speed of the rotary table is matched with the laser scanning speed and the scanning line length of the laser beam, so that the maximum distance between adjacent laser scanning lines formed on the workpiece to be cleaned by the laser beam is 0.045mm to 0.055 mm.
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| CN106271054A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Improve the auxiliary device of scanning galvanometer system working ability and improve method |
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| CN205787361U (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉市杰都易光电科技有限公司 | The high-speed scanning device that high power laser cleans |
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