CN108684416A - A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple - Google Patents
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple Download PDFInfo
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- CN108684416A CN108684416A CN201810403411.3A CN201810403411A CN108684416A CN 108684416 A CN108684416 A CN 108684416A CN 201810403411 A CN201810403411 A CN 201810403411A CN 108684416 A CN108684416 A CN 108684416A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the tree-like pruning technique field of apple, the happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of specially a kind of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple includes the following steps:1)Apple tree is colonized with every 666.7 square metres 80-90 plants of density;2)Age of tree 1-5 green apples garden, apple tree use slender spindle like or free spindle shape pruning, full tree to retain 10-13 skeleton branch;3)When 6-10 is raw, first time promotion carried out, fall head, set full when raw within 10 years and retain 6-8 major branch, fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm;4)It when age of tree 11-30 is raw, is promoted for the second time, fall head, reduce major branch quantity year by year, tree retains 4-5 major branch, long axis fruitful branch length 100-140cm full when raw to 20-25.This method tree crown leaf curtain illumination is reasonable, fruit quality is excellent, the economic life in orchard significantly extends.
Description
Technical field
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple of the present invention, belongs to the tree-like trimming of apple
Technical field.
Background technology
China's apple Qiaoization cultivated area accounts for 85% or more of the national apple gross area, it is tree-like mostly use coronule dredge layer shape,
Evacuation layering shape, free spindle etc. are tree-like.The orchard firstfruits stage rate of above-mentioned tree-like pruning is higher, but enters and contain
Generally occur canopy and orchard closing problem after fruiting period, cause fruit tree quality decline, economic benefit glide, thus need into
Row tree structure wavelet.
Dwarfing apple tree tree body is small, is convenient for management, is suitable for dense planting and update, is conducive to the yield and quality of raising fruit.But
Compared with Qiao Huashu, growth potential dies down quickly after treelet result, the normal growth of tree crown is influenced if excessive if result, too early, very
To formation " stunted tree ";Easily there is strong up and weak down phenomenon in the tree body of High Density Planting Orchard;If extensive management, it is easy to keep tree body weak and is formed
Biennial bearing, it is difficult to which rejuvenating shortens the result service life.
Invention content
It is to provide a kind of tree crown leaf curtain illumination that the present invention, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, technical problem to be solved,
Rationally, fruit quality is excellent, economic life significantly half bush type culture 4-5 major branches happily tree-like shaping of extended apple of orchard
Pruning method.
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple of the present invention, includes the following steps:
1), with every 666.7 square metres 80-90 plants of density apple tree is colonized, apple nursery stock is using apple dwarf-half when field planting
Dwarfing rootstock is from root anvil or intermediate stock seedling;
2), upright tree-like culture and pruning stage:
Age of tree 1-5 green apples garden, apple tree use slender spindle like or free spindle pruning, full tree to retain 10-13
A skeleton branch;Skeleton branch extending head is cut in carrying out, and non-skeleton branch as possible more to be stayed, and light pruning delays gesture, increases setting fruit position;
3), transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage:
When 6-10 is raw, using transition happily tree-like pruning, during which carries out first time promotion, falls head, set full when raw within 10 years
Retain 6-8 major branch;Fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 0.7-0.8m, and high drop will be set by falling head
Low 50-80cm;
4), happy tree-like culture and trimming stage:
When age of tree 11-30 is raw, using happy tree-like pruning, is during which promoted for the second time, falls head, reduce major branch year by year
Quantity, tree retains 4-5 major branch, long axis fruitful branch length 100-140cm full when raw to 20-25, and passes through culture back knot
Long axis fruitful branch is cultivated and updated to fruit branch repeatedly, and the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.4-1.6m, and falling head makes tree up to arrive
2.5-3.0m;
The 4-5 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 70-90 degree, are 70-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum and highest master
The spacing of branch is 1.2-1.5m, straggly up and down, not stratified;Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 3~4
Micro side gives birth to fruitful branch, and selects and remain long axis fruitful branch on side life fruitful branch.
When the time that the first time promotes is age of tree 6-9, when the time that the first time falls head is age of tree 7-10.
When described second time promoted is age of tree 15-25, the time for falling head for the second time is age of tree 15-20
When.
The long axis fruitful branch uses to get rid of and puts, draws branch, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching;Long axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by carrying on the back
Upper tiltedly raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch, which continuously gets rid of to put, to be cultivated, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years it is sagging
As a result process " is trained fruitful branch;After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is small stay it is big, dredge transient stay is long, dredge it is weak stay it is strong " shaping repair
The growing way that technology maintains long axis fruitful branch, and continuously result 7~10 years are cut, update are removed thereafter, by new back branch fruitful branch
Instead of.
It is finally tree-like to reach following parameter after happy tree-like stabilization:Trunk height 1.4-1.6m sets high 3.0-3.5m, forever
Long property major branch quantity 4-5,70~85 degree of major branch spreading angle, branch opens up 5-6m, and major branch horizontal extension, fruitful branch naturally droop.
During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to reduce orchard density, reached most by intermediate cutting twice
Whole density:
First phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 7-10 is raw, using the 1-2 before strain Tending techniques progress intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, recommends seeding row spacing for 2m-2.5m × 5m by first phase orchard intermediate cutting orchard, every 666.7
Square metre retain 45-60 plants;
Second phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 15-18 is raw, carries out intermediate cutting using interlacing Tending techniques, 1-2 before intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is 4m × 5m-7m, every 666.7
Square metre retain 30 plants or less.
Fruitful branch culture should continuously delay and put in the pruning method, dredge few section more, coordinate Growing season pruning when necessary.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art:
(1)The method of the present invention makes full use of the strong prosperous feature of dwarfed fruit tree sapling up-growth, is promoted with flower is promoted by tree body coronary dilatation early
Fruit pruning makes full use of auxiliary support branch as a result, increasing the early stage production in orchard under the premise of ensureing skeleton branch growth vigor
Amount.
(2)The present invention is by the tree-like and happy tree-like application of transition, and tree crown leaf curtain is gradually by multilayer after the best fruiting period
Leaf curtain becomes mono-layer level leaf curtain, and leaf curtain photosynthetically active radiation increases 15% or more;Simultaneously because the culture of long axis fruitful branch is answered
With the continuous bearing capacity of branch group is strong, and fruit type is rectified, and uniform coloring, fruit integrated quality significantly improves, and orchard economic benefit increases
Add.
(3)By the method for the present invention pruning, organic battalion of the nutrient growth organ such as tree body skeleton branch, major branch between the best fruiting period
Support this consumption ratio reduction 10-15% more tree-like than spindle of the same age, therefore trunk infusion balance, robust growth, orchard economic consequence service life
Than existing dwarfing orchard prolonged for another ten years or so.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not
Be limited to these embodiments, it is every without departing substantially from the change of present inventive concept or equivalent substitute be included in protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
A kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple of the present invention, includes the following steps:
1), with every 666.7 square metres 80-90 plants of density apple tree is colonized, apple nursery stock is using apple dwarf-half when field planting
Dwarfing rootstock is from root anvil or intermediate stock seedling;
2), upright tree-like culture and pruning stage:
Age of tree 1-5 green apples garden, apple tree use slender spindle like or free spindle pruning, full tree to retain 10-13
A skeleton branch;Skeleton branch extending head is cut in carrying out, and non-skeleton branch as possible more to be stayed, and light pruning delays gesture, increases setting fruit position;
3), transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage:
When 6-10 is raw, using transition happily tree-like pruning, during which carries out first time promotion, falls head, set full when raw within 10 years
Retain 6-8 major branch;Fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 0.7-0.8m, and high drop will be set by falling head
Low 50-80cm;
4), happy tree-like culture and trimming stage:
When age of tree 11-30 is raw, using happy tree-like pruning, is during which promoted for the second time, falls head, reduce major branch year by year
Quantity, tree retains 4-5 major branch, long axis fruitful branch length 100-140cm full when raw to 20-25, and passes through culture back knot
Long axis fruitful branch is cultivated and updated to fruit branch repeatedly, and the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.4-1.6m, and falling head makes tree up to arrive
2.5-3.0m;
The 4-5 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 70-90 degree, are 70-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum and highest master
The spacing of branch is 1.2-1.5m, straggly up and down, not stratified;Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 3~4
Micro side gives birth to fruitful branch, and selects and remain long axis fruitful branch on side life fruitful branch.
When the time that the first time promotes is age of tree 6-9, when the time that the first time falls head is age of tree 7-10.
When described second time promoted is age of tree 15-25, the time for falling head for the second time is age of tree 15-20
When.
The long axis fruitful branch uses to get rid of and puts, draws branch, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching;Long axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by carrying on the back
Upper tiltedly raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch, which continuously gets rid of to put, to be cultivated, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years it is sagging
As a result process " is trained fruitful branch;After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is small stay it is big, dredge transient stay is long, dredge it is weak stay it is strong " shaping repair
The growing way that technology maintains long axis fruitful branch, and continuously result 7~10 years are cut, update are removed thereafter, by new back branch fruitful branch
Instead of.
It is finally tree-like to reach following parameter after happy tree-like stabilization:Trunk height 1.4-1.6m sets high 3.0-3.5m, forever
Long property major branch quantity 4-5,70~85 degree of major branch spreading angle, branch opens up 5-6m, and major branch horizontal extension, fruitful branch naturally droop.
During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to reduce orchard density, reached most by intermediate cutting twice
Whole density:
First phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 7-10 is raw, using the 1-2 before strain Tending techniques progress intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, recommends seeding row spacing for 2m-2.5m × 5m by first phase orchard intermediate cutting orchard, every 666.7
Square metre retain 45-60 plants;
Second phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 15-18 is raw, carries out intermediate cutting using interlacing Tending techniques, 1-2 before intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is 4m × 5m-7m, every 666.7
Square metre retain 30 plants or less.
Fruitful branch culture should continuously delay and put in the pruning method, dredge few section more, coordinate Growing season pruning when necessary.
The present invention is higher for tree-like firstfruits stage rate is commonly used, but canopy and orchard occurs after entering the best fruiting period
Closing, cause fruit tree quality decline, economic benefit glide the problem of, it is proposed that apple dwarf orchard changes tree mode stage by stage
With the technical method of pruning, finally establishes a kind of apple half and downgrade under the suitable high level cadre in orchard, 4-5 major branches, long axis branch
The specular removal for result of hanging down is happily tree-like, then coordinates intermediate cutting twice, so that apple tree is continued High-quality high-yield, extends the warp in orchard
It helps the service life.
The present invention is not limited by embodiment illustrated herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent widest range of feature.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1), with every 666.7 square metres 80-90 plants of density apple tree is colonized, apple nursery stock is using apple dwarf-half when field planting
Dwarfing rootstock is from root anvil or intermediate stock seedling;
2), upright tree-like culture and pruning stage:
Age of tree 1-5 green apples garden, apple tree use slender spindle like or free spindle pruning, full tree to retain 10-13
A skeleton branch;Skeleton branch extending head is cut in carrying out, and non-skeleton branch as possible more to be stayed, and light pruning delays gesture, increases setting fruit position;
3), transition it is tree-like culture and the pruning stage:
When 6-10 is raw, using transition happily tree-like pruning, during which carries out first time promotion, falls head, set full when raw within 10 years
Retain 6-8 major branch;Fruit-bearing shoot cluster length 50-80cm, the promotion make trunk height reach 0.7-0.8m, and high drop will be set by falling head
Low 50-80cm;
4), happy tree-like culture and trimming stage:
When age of tree 11-30 is raw, using happy tree-like pruning, is during which promoted for the second time, falls head, reduce major branch year by year
Quantity, tree retains 4-5 major branch, long axis fruitful branch length 100-140cm full when raw to 20-25, and passes through culture back knot
Long axis fruitful branch is cultivated and updated to fruit branch repeatedly, and the promotion makes trunk height reach 1.4-1.6m, and falling head makes tree up to arrive
2.5-3.0m;
The 4-5 permanent major branch horizontal direction angles are 70-90 degree, are 70-85 degree with trunk angle, minimum and highest master
The spacing of branch is 1.2-1.5m, straggly up and down, not stratified;Each permanent major branch is sector structure, retains 3~4
Micro side gives birth to fruitful branch, and selects and remain long axis fruitful branch on side life fruitful branch.
2. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple according to claim 1, feature
It is:When the time that the first time promotes is age of tree 6-9, when the time that the first time falls head is age of tree 7-10.
3. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple according to claim 1, feature
It is:When described second time promoted is age of tree 15-25, when the time for falling head for the second time is age of tree 15-20.
4. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple according to claim 1, feature
It is:The long axis fruitful branch uses to get rid of and puts, draws branch, by the pruning method culture of branch and sparse branching;Long axis fruit-bearing shoot cluster is by back
Tiltedly raw, healthy and strong nutrition branch, which continuously gets rid of to put, to be cultivated, according to " year's harvest branch, two year's harvest flower, three annual bearings, 4 years sagging knots
The process of fruit " is trained fruitful branch;After fruitful branch is sagging using " dredge it is small stay it is big, dredge transient stay is long, dredge it is weak stay it is strong " pruning
Technology maintains the growing way of long axis fruitful branch, and continuously result 7~10 years, update is removed thereafter, by new back branch fruitful branch generation
It replaces.
5. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple according to claim 1, feature
It is:It is finally tree-like to reach following parameter after happy tree-like stabilization:Trunk height 1.4-1.6m sets high 3.0-3.5m, permanently
Major branch quantity 4-5,70~85 degree of major branch spreading angle, branch opens up 5-6m, and major branch horizontal extension, fruitful branch naturally droop.
6. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple according to claim 1, feature
It is:During the pruning method, as age of tree increase needs to reduce orchard density, reach final close by intermediate cutting twice
Degree:
First phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 7-10 is raw, using the 1-2 before strain Tending techniques progress intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, recommends seeding row spacing for 2m-2.5m × 5m by first phase orchard intermediate cutting orchard, every 666.7
Square metre retain 45-60 plants;
Second phase intermediate cutting:Implement during age of tree 15-18 is raw, carries out intermediate cutting using interlacing Tending techniques, 1-2 before intermediate cutting
It needs to distinguish permanent strain and interim strain, by second phase orchard intermediate cutting, the final seeding row spacing in orchard is 4m × 5m-7m, every 666.7
Square metre retain 30 plants or less.
7. a kind of happy tree-like shaping and trimming method of half bush type culture 4-5 major branches of apple according to claim 1, feature
It is:Fruitful branch culture should continuously delay and put in the pruning method, dredge few section more, coordinate Growing season pruning when necessary.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109328831A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-15 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | A kind of cultivation of fruit tree method of tree mode and the double variations of planting density |
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