Multistage sewage filtering system and multistage sewage filtering method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stone processing equipment, and particularly relates to a multistage sewage filtering system and a multistage sewage filtering method.
Background
With the development and development of stone processing industry, waste water generated by stone processing is increased, and sewage discharged in traditional production is generally not treated and directly discharged to pollute natural water, so that fish, shrimp, algae and microorganisms in the natural water are dead, food chains are damaged, and ecological imbalance is caused. The traditional method not only brings great influence to the living environment of people, but also can cause serious pollution and damage and serious waste of resources.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the requirements of environmental laws and regulations, the environmental protection is becoming a consensus, and the wastewater generated by stone processing must be treated before being discharged. At present, no mature and reliable standard process flow exists at home and abroad for the treatment of production and discharge sewage, the existing multistage sewage filtering method is generally discharged outwards only by simple precipitation, or is treated by adopting a mode of one-by-one precipitation in a plurality of iron tanks, the treatment method has poor water outlet effect, can not realize the reclamation of sewage, has poor precipitation effect and can not meet the production capacity of the existing stone. On one hand, the water produced by precipitation still contains a large amount of acidic substances, and if the acidic substances permeate underground, the acidic substances pollute the environment, and if the acidic substances are directly used in water utilization equipment, the acidic substances corrode the surface of the equipment and damage the water utilization equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-stage sewage filtering system and a multi-stage sewage filtering method;
the invention is realized by the following technical scheme;
the invention provides a multistage sewage filtering system which mainly comprises a coarse filter, a filtering grid, a multistage fine filter and a plurality of filter screens, wherein a feeding bin is arranged above the coarse filter, the filtering grid is horizontally arranged in the coarse filter to divide the upper part of the inner space of the coarse filter into a filter residue chamber, the lower part of the inner space of the coarse filter is divided into a water filtering chamber, the plurality of filter screens are vertically arranged in the multistage fine filter to divide the inner space of the multistage fine filter into an adjusting chamber and a plurality of fine filter chambers, driving motors are respectively arranged above the adjusting chamber and each fine filter chamber, corresponding stirring devices are respectively arranged in the adjusting chamber and each fine filter chamber, the stirring devices are fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, the adjusting chamber is communicated with the water filtering chamber through a booster pump, and the outer wall of the last fine filter chamber is provided with a water outlet pipe.
The multistage sewage filtering system further comprises a plurality of dosing pipes, and each dosing pipe is arranged above the fine filtering chamber or the adjusting chamber and extends towards the fine filtering chamber or the adjusting chamber.
Agitating unit includes (mixing) shaft and stirring vane, the (mixing) shaft with driving motor output shaft fixed connection extends along vertical decurrent direction, and stirring vane fixed connection extends on the (mixing) shaft and along the (mixing) shaft radial direction.
Multistage sewage filtration system still includes belt conveyor, the outdoor wall of filter residue is provided with coarse sediment door, the essence filter chamber bottom is provided with smart sediment door, and belt conveyor arranges coarse sediment door and smart sediment door bottom in.
The distance between the grid bars of the filtering grid is 20 mm.
Along the direction that first fine filtration room to last fine filtration room were arranged, the mesh diameter of filter screen is the arithmetic progression and reduces gradually, and wherein first filter screen mesh diameter is 15 mm.
Further, the present invention provides a multistage sewage filtration method comprising using the multistage sewage filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: feeding the production discharge sewage into a coarse filter through a feeding bin, filtering most of stone slag, obtaining coarse stone slag in a filter residue chamber, and obtaining coarse filter water in a filter chamber;
step two: sequentially feeding the coarse filtered water obtained in the step one into a regulating chamber through a booster pump, adding a proper amount of NaOH into the regulating chamber, stirring to fully and uniformly mix the NaOH and the coarse filtered water, and obtaining coarse filtered and regulated water in the regulating chamber;
step three: feeding the coarse filtration and conditioning water obtained in the step two into one of the fine filtration chambers, adding a proper amount of flocculant and coagulant aid into the fine filtration chamber, stirring, fully and uniformly mixing the flocculant, the coagulant aid and the coarse filtration and conditioning water to form larger particles, precipitating the larger particles to the bottom of the fine filtration chamber, obtaining fine stone residues at the bottom of the fine filtration chamber, and obtaining primary fine filtration water on the upper layer of the fine filtration chamber;
step four: repeating the third step, and sequentially sending the primary fine filtered water in the third step into N fine filtering chambers for filtering and precipitating, respectively obtaining fine stone residues at the bottoms of the N fine filtering chambers, obtaining N times of fine filtered water on the upper layer of the last fine filtering chamber, and sending the N times of fine filtered water as clear water out of a water outlet pipe;
step five: and (4) collecting the coarse stone ballast in the step one and the fine stone ballast in the step three, and conveying the coarse stone ballast and the fine stone ballast to a preset collection field for storage through a belt conveyor.
Stirring the adjusting chamber in the second step, wherein the stirring speed is 1500r/min to 2200r/min, and the stirring duration is 1.75h to 2.25 h; and in the third step, stirring is carried out in the fine filtering chamber, the stirring speed is 1500r/min to 2200r/min, and the stirring duration is 1.75h to 2.25 h.
In the third step, the mass ratio of the flocculating agent to the coagulant aid added into the fine filtration chamber is as follows: 250-350: 1.
In the second step, the ratio of the mass of NaOH added into the adjusting chamber to the volume of the adjusting chamber is as follows: 140 g/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical scheme of the invention is that firstly, the production discharge sewage is primarily filtered by a strainer to filter most of the stone slag, then the production discharge sewage after primary filtration is sequentially sent into a regulating chamber to carry out pH value conditioning, then is sequentially filtered by a plurality of fine filtration chambers, a proper amount of flocculating agent and coagulant aid are added during each filtration, the flocculating agent and the coagulant aid act together, most of fine stone sand soil in the production discharge sewage is fully condensed into larger particles and precipitated to the bottom of the fine filtration chambers during the rotation process under the stirring effect in the fine filtration chambers, the cleanliness of clear water at a water outlet is improved after multiple filtration, the reuse requirement is met, in addition, various stone slag generated after the production discharge sewage is treated only needs to open a coarse slag bin door and a fine slag bin door to fall onto a belt conveyor belt, the multistage sewage filtering system can be conveyed to a preset collecting field to be stacked, is convenient to treat, avoids pollution to the environment, is compact in structure and small in occupied area, and saves the input cost of stone processing enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage sewage filtration system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the multi-stage wastewater filtration process of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-coarse filter, 2-filter grid, 3-multistage fine filter, 4-filter screen, 5-driving motor, 6-mixing pipe, 7-booster pump, 8-stirring shaft, 9-stirring blade, 10-belt conveyor, 101-feeding bin, 102-filter residue chamber, 103-water filter chamber, 104-coarse residue bin gate, 301-fine filter chamber, 302-water outlet pipe and 303-fine residue bin gate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited thereto;
the invention provides a multistage sewage filtering system, as shown in figure 1, comprising a coarse filter 1, a filtering grid 2, a multistage fine filter 3 and a plurality of filtering nets 4, wherein a feeding bin 101 is arranged above the coarse filter 1, the filtering grid 2 is horizontally arranged in the coarse filter 1 to divide the upper part of the inner space of the coarse filter 1 into a slag chamber 102, the lower part of the inner space of the coarse filter 1 into a water filtering chamber 103, the plurality of filtering nets 4 are vertically arranged in the multistage fine filter 3 to divide the inner space of the multistage fine filter 3 into an adjusting chamber 304 and a plurality of fine filtering chambers 301, a driving motor 5 is arranged above the adjusting chamber 304 and each fine filtering chamber 301, corresponding stirring devices are respectively arranged in the adjusting chamber 304 and each fine filtering chamber 301, and the stirring devices are fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor 5, the adjusting chamber 304 is communicated with the water filtering chamber 103 through a booster pump 7, and the outer wall of the last fine filtering chamber 301 is provided with a water outlet pipe 302.
The technical scheme of the invention is that firstly, the production discharge sewage is primarily filtered by a strainer to filter most of the stone slag, then the production discharge sewage after primary filtration is sequentially sent into a regulating chamber to carry out pH value conditioning, then is sequentially filtered by a plurality of fine filtration chambers, a proper amount of flocculating agent and coagulant aid are added during each filtration, the flocculating agent and the coagulant aid act together, most of fine stone sand soil in the production discharge sewage is fully condensed into larger particles and precipitated to the bottom of the fine filtration chambers during the rotation process under the stirring effect in the fine filtration chambers, the cleanliness of clear water at a water outlet is improved after multiple filtration, the reuse requirement is met, in addition, various stone slag generated after the production discharge sewage is treated only needs to open a coarse slag bin door and a fine slag bin door to fall onto a belt conveyor belt, the multistage sewage filtering system can be conveyed to a preset collecting field to be stacked, is convenient to treat, avoids pollution to the environment, is compact in structure and small in occupied area, and saves the input cost of stone processing enterprises.
Furthermore, the number of the fine filtering chambers 301 is at least 4, and the multi-stage sewage filtering system further comprises a plurality of agent pipes 6, wherein each agent pipe 6 is arranged above the fine filtering chamber 301 or the adjusting chamber 304 and extends into the fine filtering chamber 301 or the adjusting chamber 304. The upper end of the dosing pipe 6 is in a reverse taper shape, the dosing pipe 6 can extend into one fifth to one fourth of the total height of the fine filtering chamber 301, and the volume of the fine filtering chamber 301 is 10 cubic meters to 20 cubic meters.
Further, the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft 8 and stirring blades 9, wherein the stirring shaft 8 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the driving motor 5 and extends along the vertical downward direction, and the stirring blades 9 are fixedly connected on the stirring shaft 8 and extend along the radial direction of the stirring shaft 8. Under the stirring effect of the stirring device, various fine sandy soils and heavy metals in the production and discharge sewage continuously collide with each other, on the other hand, because the coarse filter is communicated with the multistage fine filter through the additional pump, the internal pressure of the production and discharge sewage is increased, the movement of various fine sandy soils, heavy metals and other impurities in the production and discharge sewage is aggravated, the probability of mutual collision is increased, and therefore the fine sandy soils, heavy metals and other impurities are fully condensed into larger bulk particles under the action of the flocculating agent and the coagulant aid and are precipitated to the bottom of the fine filter chamber 301.
Further, the multistage sewage filtration system further comprises a belt conveyor 10, a coarse slag bin door 104 is arranged on the outer wall of the residue filtering chamber 102, a fine slag bin door 303 is arranged at the bottom of the fine filtering chamber 301, and the belt conveyor 10 is arranged at the bottoms of the coarse slag bin door 104 and the fine slag bin door 303.
Further, the distance between the grid bars of the filter grid 2 is 20 mm. Along the direction that first fine filter chamber 301 to last fine filter chamber 301 were arranged, filter screen 4 mesh diameter is the arithmetic progression and is reduced gradually, and wherein first filter screen 4 mesh diameter is 15 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention also provides a multi-stage sewage filtering method, including using the above multi-stage sewage filtering system, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: feeding the production discharge sewage into a coarse filter 1 through a feeding bin 101, filtering most of stone slag, obtaining coarse stone slag in a filter residue chamber 102, and obtaining coarse filter water in a water filtering chamber 103;
step two: sequentially feeding the coarse filtered water in the first step into a regulating chamber 304 through a booster pump 7, adding a proper amount of NaOH into the regulating chamber 304, stirring to fully and uniformly mix the NaOH and the coarse filtered water, and obtaining coarse filtered and regulated water in the regulating chamber 304; stirring the interior of the adjusting chamber 304 in the second step, wherein the stirring speed is 1500r/min to 2200r/min, and the stirring duration is 1.75h to 2.25 h;
step three: feeding the coarse filtration and conditioning water obtained in the second step into one of the fine filtration chambers 301, adding a proper amount of flocculant and coagulant aid into the fine filtration chamber 301, stirring, fully and uniformly mixing the flocculant, the coagulant aid and the coarse filtration and conditioning water to form larger particles, precipitating the larger particles to the bottom of the fine filtration chamber 301, obtaining fine stone residues at the bottom of the fine filtration chamber 301, and obtaining primary fine filtration water on the upper layer of the fine filtration chamber 301; further, in the third step, the fine filter chamber 301 is stirred, the stirring speed is 1500r/min to 2200r/min, and the stirring duration is 1.75h to 2.25 h. Adding a flocculating agent and a coagulant aid into the fine filtration chamber 301 according to the mass ratio of: 250-350: 1; the ratio of the mass of NaOH added to the conditioning chamber 304 to the volume of the conditioning chamber 304 is: 140 g/L.
Further, the flocculating agent is prepared by uniformly mixing polyacrylamide, polyaluminium chloride and water, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide to the polyaluminium chloride to the water is as follows: 4:1:25. The coagulant aid is chitosan/polyacrylamide gel, the chitosan/polyacrylamide gel is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.5% HCl aqueous solution, 22% polyacrylamide aqueous solution, 35-45 ten thousand molecular weight chitosan and a proper amount of diallyl phthalate at the temperature of 90-100 ℃, and the mass ratio of the HCl aqueous solution to the polyacrylamide aqueous solution to the chitosan to the diallyl phthalate is 160: 20: 1:20.
Step four: repeating the third step, sequentially sending the primary fine filtered water in the third step into N fine filtering chambers 301 for filtering and precipitating, respectively obtaining fine stone residues at the bottoms of the N fine filtering chambers 301, obtaining N times of fine filtered water on the upper layer of the last fine filtering chamber 301, and sending the N times of fine filtered water as clear water out of a water outlet pipe 302;
step five: and (4) collecting the coarse stone slag in the first step and the fine stone slag in the third step, and conveying the coarse stone slag and the fine stone slag to a preset collection field for storage through a belt conveyor 10.
Table 1 shows the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater discharged during production
As can be seen from the table, when the method disclosed by the invention is used for treating the production discharge sewage, the removal rate of heavy metal ions reaches more than 40%, and when chitosan/polyacrylamide gel is used as a coagulant aid, the treatment effect is better when a flocculant and the coagulant aid are added according to the mass ratio of 450-550: 250-350, which shows that the treatment effect of polyacrylamide is enhanced by adding chitosan when the chitosan and polyacrylamide form gel.