CN108666983B - Circuit breaker, circuit breaking system, power system and operation method - Google Patents
Circuit breaker, circuit breaking system, power system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108666983B CN108666983B CN201710207392.2A CN201710207392A CN108666983B CN 108666983 B CN108666983 B CN 108666983B CN 201710207392 A CN201710207392 A CN 201710207392A CN 108666983 B CN108666983 B CN 108666983B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a circuit breaker, a circuit breaking system, a power system and an operation method. The present disclosure relates to circuit breakers and circuit breaking systems including circuit breakers. The present disclosure discloses a circuit breaker, which includes: a turn-off circuit comprising a first branch capable of turning on and off in a first direction and a second branch capable of turning on and off in a second direction opposite the first direction, the first and second branches comprising a common power switch device and respectively comprising a rectifying power diode coupled with the power switch device, wherein the turn-off circuit comprises a first terminal and a second terminal; a snubber circuit coupled to the turn-off circuit for dampening the electrical energy during turn-off of the circuit breaker.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to circuit breakers, circuit breaking systems including circuit breakers, power systems including circuit breaking systems, and methods for operating circuit breakers.
Background
In the face of rapid development of economic society, users have requirements on power systems such as environmental friendliness, safety, reliability, cost economy and the like. Direct current power systems show significant advantages in terms of large capacity power transmission, distributed energy access, providing reactive compensation, etc., and thus direct current power systems are becoming the main development trend of power grids in the present stage, and circuit breakers and circuit breaking systems used for power systems, particularly for direct current power systems, are key components of power systems.
Disclosure of Invention
With the continuous development of semiconductor technology, a dc circuit breaker technology for performing switching on and off by using a power electronic power switching device in a dc power system is receiving wide attention. Since power electronics need to withstand high voltages and high currents, they are expensive, resulting in extremely high circuit breaker costs. The prior art also has the problems that power electronic devices (including switching devices and other devices such as diodes) are easy to damage and the like. On the other hand, for power systems, it is often desirable for a circuit breaker to be able to achieve bidirectional breaking of current.
Diodes used in the power electronics field and related fields can be generally classified into two categories: a fast recovery diode; and a common power diode (also referred to herein as a rectifying power diode). In the case of reverse oscillation and reverse recovery in the power system, the ordinary power diode is not usually adopted by those skilled in the art, mainly due to the different specifications of the reverse recovery time, and the reverse recovery time of the fast recovery diode is much shorter than that of the ordinary power diode, in other words, the rated operating frequency of the fast recovery diode is much higher than that of the ordinary power diode; longer reverse recovery times may result in an undesirable decrease in reliability. However, the fast recovery diode structure and manufacturing process is more complex and much more expensive than the rectifying power diode. In the current market, fast recovery diodes cost nearly five times or even more than ordinary power diodes. Power switches are more expensive, for example, a conventional IGBT as a power switch may cost approximately 25 times or more as much as a conventional power diode.
In addition, since circuit breakers are often used for power transmission of a power backbone network, such applications place extremely high demands on the reliability of the circuit breakers and their internal devices. Therefore, those skilled in the art are often faced with such extreme demands at the cost of, for example, using more expensive high performance devices rather than relatively low cost common devices, or using multiple, more expensive power switching devices to meet reliability requirements and/or to provide design flexibility or redundancy (which may also be viewed as a means of improving reliability).
To alleviate or eliminate some or all of the above-mentioned problems and others, the inventors of the present application have long assiduously studied circuit breakers, proposing novel circuit breakers, circuit breaking systems, power systems, and methods for operating circuit breakers as claimed in this disclosure. Which has a novel structure and is cost-effective to achieve high reliability at an economical cost.
According to one embodiment, there is provided a circuit breaker including: a turn-off circuit comprising a first branch capable of turning on and off in a first direction and a second branch capable of turning on and off in a second direction opposite the first direction, the first and second branches comprising a common power switch device and respectively comprising a rectifying power diode coupled with the power switch device, wherein the turn-off circuit comprises a first terminal and a second terminal; and a buffer circuit coupled to the turn-off circuit for buffering electrical energy during turn-off of the turn-off circuit.
According to one embodiment, the first branch comprises the power switch and a rectifying power diode configured to conduct in the first direction coupled upstream and downstream of the power switch, respectively, and the second branch comprises the power switch and a rectifying power diode configured to conduct in the second direction coupled upstream and downstream of the power switch, respectively.
According to one embodiment, the first branch comprises first and second rectifying power diodes, the second branch comprises third and fourth rectifying power diodes, an anode of the first rectifying power diode is coupled to the first terminal of the turn-off capable circuit, and a cathode of the first rectifying power diode is coupled to the first current carrying terminal of the power switching device; an anode of the second rectifying power diode is coupled to a second current carrying terminal of the power switching device and a cathode of the second rectifying power diode is coupled to a second terminal of the turn-off capable circuit.
According to one embodiment, the second branch comprises a third rectifying power diode and a fourth rectifying power diode, an anode of the third rectifying power diode is coupled to the second terminal of the turn-off circuit, and a cathode of the third rectifying power diode is coupled to the first current carrying terminal of the power switching device; an anode of the fourth rectifying power diode is coupled to the second current carrying terminal of the power switching device and a cathode of the fourth rectifying power diode is coupled to the first terminal of the turn-off circuit.
According to one embodiment, the buffer circuit is coupled in parallel to the first and second terminals of the turn-off circuit.
According to one embodiment, the snubber circuit comprises a snubber branch for receiving and damping the electrical energy, the two ends of the snubber branch being coupled with the first and second terminals of the turn-off circuit, respectively.
According to an embodiment, the snubber circuit comprises a snubber branch for receiving and damping the electrical energy, the snubber branch being arranged in parallel connection with the power switching device.
According to one embodiment, the snubber circuit further comprises an energy absorbing branch for absorbing the electrical energy, the two ends of the energy absorbing branch being coupled to the first and second terminals of the turn-off circuit, respectively.
According to an embodiment, the snubber circuit further comprises an energy absorbing branch for absorbing the electrical energy, the energy absorbing branch being arranged in parallel connection with the power switching device.
According to one embodiment, the snubber circuit is arranged to be coupled in parallel with the power switch device.
According to an embodiment, the snubber circuit comprises a capacitor, or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor. Wherein the resistors may comprise piezoresistors and/or non-piezoresistors.
According to an embodiment, the snubber branch comprises a capacitor, or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor.
According to one embodiment, the energy absorbing branch comprises a varistor or a lightning arrester.
According to one embodiment, the energy absorbing branch further comprises a combination of at least one of a capacitor, a resistor and an inductor coupled in series with the piezoresistor or arrester.
According to one embodiment, the snubber circuit comprises a snubber branch comprising a capacitor or a series connection of a capacitor and a non-varistor and an energy absorption branch comprising a varistor or a surge arrester.
According to one embodiment, the circuit breaker further comprises a sub-snubber circuit for buffering electrical energy in parallel with the rectified power diode, the sub-snubber circuit comprising a capacitor or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor, wherein the resistor comprises a varistor.
According to one embodiment, the rectifying power diode is configured to be able to withstand reverse oscillations in the circuit breaker.
According to one embodiment, said buffering electrical energy comprises buffering overvoltage or overcurrent generated during the turn-off of said turn-off circuit.
According to one embodiment, the rated operating frequency of the rectifying power diode may be less than 100 Hz.
According to one embodiment, the power switching device comprises one or more of: the gate-turn-off thyristor comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, an integrated gate-turn-off thyristor IGCT, a gate turn-off thyristor GTO, a super gate turn-off thyristor SGTO and an injection enhancement gate transistor IEGT.
According to one embodiment, there is provided a circuit interrupting system comprising: a power main switching branch comprising at least one circuit breaker as described above.
According to one embodiment, the at least one circuit breaker is coupled in series.
According to one embodiment, the circuit interrupting system further comprises a secondary snubber circuit coupled in parallel with at least one of the at least one circuit breakers. The secondary buffer circuit comprises a secondary buffer branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch. The secondary energy absorbing branch may comprise a varistor or a lightning arrester.
According to one embodiment, the circuit breaking system further comprises a secondary snubber circuit comprising a secondary snubber branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch, wherein the power main switch branch further comprises a coupled negative voltage circuit in series with the at least one circuit breaker, wherein the secondary snubber circuit is coupled in parallel with the power main switch branch.
According to one embodiment, the circuit breaking system further comprises a secondary snubber circuit comprising a secondary snubber branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch, wherein the power main switching branch further comprises an auxiliary current transfer circuit in series with the at least one circuit breaker, wherein the secondary snubber circuit is coupled in parallel with the power main switching branch.
According to one embodiment, the circuit interrupting system further includes a mechanical circuit interrupting device coupled to the main power switch leg.
According to one embodiment, there is provided a power system comprising the circuit breaking system described above and a power line coupled to the circuit breaking system.
According to one embodiment, the power system is for direct current power transmission.
According to one embodiment, there is provided a method of operating a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being a circuit breaker according to the above, the method comprising: enabling current to flow in the first branch or the second branch through the power switch device; opening the power switch device to divert current to the snubber circuit such that the snubber circuit absorbs electrical energy; and damping, by at least the snubber circuit, the electrical energy absorbed by the snubber circuit.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker according to one embodiment of the present application;
figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the present application;
figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the present application;
figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 shows a diagram of the currents flowing in the branches of the circuit breaker shown in fig. 1 in an ideal state and the voltages across the circuit breaker during the switching off of the circuit breaker;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit interrupting system including a circuit breaker according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating the circuit breaker described herein, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the description of various embodiments is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the claimed invention in any way. Unless specifically stated otherwise or the context or principles thereof indicate or imply, the relative arrangement of components and steps, expressions and values, etc. in the exemplary embodiments are not to be considered as limiting the invention as claimed in this application.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. In addition, "coupled" as referred to herein includes both direct and indirect coupling; in other words, "a is coupled to B" or "a and B are coupled" includes that a and B are directly coupled, as well as that a and B are indirectly coupled and that other intervening elements may be present between a and B.
Referring now to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The circuit breaker 1 may include an openable circuit 10 and a snubber circuit 12 coupled to the openable circuit 10. The turn-off circuit 10 may include a power switching device and a rectifying power diode. Preferably, the turn-off circuit 10 is configured to be turned on or off bidirectionally. The buffer circuit 12 may be used for buffering electrical energy during the turn-off of the turn-off circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the turn-off circuit 10 may have two terminals, a first terminal 1a and a second terminal 1b, which may receive or output a current. The buffer circuit 12 may be coupled to the first terminal 1a and the second terminal 1b of the turn-off capable circuit 10, as shown in fig. 1. The first terminal 1a and the second terminal 1b may also be respectively coupled to other components in the system, such as another circuit breaker, an auxiliary current transfer circuit or a power line (e.g., a bus bar or a main line, etc.), etc. Here, as can be easily understood from the drawings, the terminals 1a and 1b may also serve as or be connected to terminals of a circuit breaker.
In one embodiment, the turn-off capable circuit 10 may include a first branch capable of turning on and off in a first direction and a second branch capable of turning on and off in a second direction opposite to the first direction. Specifically, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the first branch may include a power switch T1And with T1Coupled first and second rectifying power diodes D1And D2I.e. branch D1-T1-D2. The second branch may comprise a power switch T in common with the first branch1And with T1Coupled third and fourth rectifying power diodes D3And D4I.e. branch D3-T1-D4。
As shown in fig. 1, when the direction of the current is, for example, from the left side of fig. 1 (terminal 1a) to the right side of fig. 1 (terminal 1b), the power switching device T is controlled1Make it conductive so that the first branch is at D1To T1To D2(i.e., conducting in a first direction from left (terminal 1a) to right (terminal 1 b)); in this case, let T1The first branch circuit D is turned off1-T1-D2In the first direction. When the direction of the current is, for example, from the right side (terminal 1b) to the left side (terminal 1a) of fig. 1, the power switch device T is controlled1Make it conductive, the second branch is at D3To T1To D4Conduction in a second direction (from right (terminal 1b) to left (terminal 1 a)); in this case, if T is set1The second branch D is turned off3-T1-D4In the second direction. That is, the first direction is opposite to the second direction.
For purposes of clarity of illustration and not limitation, fig. 1 shows two rectifying power diodes included in the first branch or the second branch, respectively. For example, as shown in fig. 1, in the first branch, power switches T are respectively coupled1Two-sided (i.e. upstream and downstream) rectifying power diodes D capable of conducting in said first direction1And D2. In the second branch, power switches T are respectively coupled1Two-sided (i.e. upstream and downstream) rectifying power diodes D capable of conducting in said second direction3And D4. It should be understood that it is not limited to having two diodes in the first branch or the second branch, for example, each branch may also have a respective coupling to the power switch T1At least one rectifying power diode upstream and downstream.
It should also be understood that although fig. 1 shows the common power switch in the first branch and the second branch as one power switch T1But as will be explained below, the power switches may also be implemented as more than one power switch coupled in series or in parallel, or in some embodiments the power switches may also be implemented as a combination of one or more power switches and auxiliary devices (e.g., diodes, etc.) coupled in various ways with the one or more power switches.
In one embodiment, the power switch device T1May include, but is not limited to, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), integratedGate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs), gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs), super gate turn-off thyristors (SGTOs), Injection Enhanced Gate Transistors (IEGTs), etc., and may also include combinations of one or more of these devices with rectifying power diodes. Although in the embodiment shown in the drawings, it is shown that an IGBT is employed as the power switching device T1Other power switching devices or combinations may be readily applied by those skilled in the art in light of the present disclosure. For example, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, a combination of an Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) and a diode connected in anti-parallel therewith may be employed as the power switching device T1。
In one embodiment, the rectifying power diode may be a commonly used commercially available rectifying power diode (which is not a fast recovery diode). By way of non-limiting example, the rectified power diode described above may be rated to operate at a frequency of less than 100Hz, for example. In one non-limiting possible embodiment, the rectifying power diode may withstand a reverse voltage of, for example, 4.5kV or higher, and may withstand a forward surge current of, for example, 40kA or higher. As a non-limiting example, ABB rectifying power diode 5SDD33L5500 or other rectifying power diode with parameters similar thereto may be used.
Although some non-limiting examples of rectifying power diodes are given above, it should be understood that these examples or parameter values are merely for the purpose of facilitating the understanding and enabling the skilled person of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. One skilled in the art can select an appropriate rectifying power diode according to the practical needs based on the teachings or principles of the present invention.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, in the first branch D1-T1-D2In, the first rectifying power diode D1May be coupled to the first terminal 1a of the turn-off circuit 10. First rectifying power diode D1May be coupled to a common power switch device T1May be a sink for an IGBT, for exampleCollector terminal). Second rectifying power diode D2May be coupled to the power switch device T1Is connected to the second current carrying terminal (terminal e, which may be an emitter terminal, for example, for IGBTs). Second rectifying power diode D2May be coupled to the second terminal 1b of the turn-off circuit 10.
In the second branch D3-T1-D4In (1), as shown in fig. 1, a third rectifying power diode D3May be coupled to the second terminal 1b, D of the turn-off circuit 103May be coupled to a common power switch device T1Is connected to the first current carrying terminal (terminal c). And a fourth rectifying power diode D4May be coupled to the power switch device T1Of (D) a second current-carrying terminal (terminal e), D4May be coupled to the first terminal 1a of the turn-off circuit 10.
On the other hand, as previously described, the buffer circuit 12 may be configured to buffer the electrical energy during the process of turning off the turn-off circuit 10. For example, the snubber circuit 12 may be configured to buffer an overvoltage or overcurrent during shutdown of the turn-off circuit. In one embodiment, the snubber circuit may comprise a separate capacitor, or may comprise a suitable combination of a capacitor and one or more of an inductor and a resistor, including a piezoresistor and/or a non-piezoresistor (also referred to as a common resistor). For example, in one embodiment, the snubber circuit may include a suitable combination of both a capacitor and an inductor, or a suitable combination of both a capacitor and a resistor, or a suitable combination of three of a capacitor, a resistor, and an inductor.
The manner in which the buffer circuit 12 is coupled to the turn-off circuit 10 may vary in accordance with the present disclosure. As will be further explained below, the snubber circuit 12 may include several branch circuits that may be respectively coupled at the same location or at different locations in the circuit breaker, in accordance with different embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2-4 to be described later, in some embodiments, a part or all of the buffer circuit 12 may be connected with the turn-off circuit 10 is coupled in parallel to the first terminal 1a and the second terminal 1b of the turn-off circuit 10; in other embodiments, a portion or all of the snubber circuit 12 may be replaced with the power switch device T1Are coupled in parallel.
For example, in some embodiments, the buffer circuit 12 may include or only include the buffer branch 14 as shown in fig. 1. The snubber branch 14 may be coupled to the turn-off circuit 10 for receiving electrical energy during turn-off of the turn-off circuit 10 and damping or dissipating the electrical energy. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the two ends of the buffer branch 14 are coupled to the first terminal 1a and the second terminal 1b of the turn-off circuit 10, respectively.
The snubber branch 14 may comprise a separate capacitor or the snubber branch 14 may comprise a suitable combination of a capacitor and one or more of an inductor and a resistor, preferably a non-varistor resistor. As an example, the buffer branch 14 may comprise series-connected non-voltage dependent resistors RsAnd a capacitor CsAs shown in fig. 1.
In one embodiment, the snubber circuit 12 may also include an energy absorbing branch 16. The energy absorbing branch 16 may be used to absorb the electrical energy. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, two ends of the energy absorbing branch 16 may be coupled to the first terminal 1a and the second terminal 1b of the turn-off circuit 10, respectively. That is, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the buffer branch 14 is connected in parallel with the energy absorbing branch 16, while the whole buffer circuit 12 and the buffer branch 14 and the energy absorbing branch 16 are coupled with the first terminal 1a and the second terminal 1b of the turn-off capable circuit 10, respectively, i.e. in parallel with the turn-off capable circuit 10.
The energy absorbing branch 16 may comprise a varistor or surge arrester and optionally may also comprise a suitable combination of at least one of a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor in series with the varistor or surge arrester. It will therefore be appreciated that although in the embodiment shown in figure 1 the energy absorption limb 16 is shown as comprising an arrester MOV, the energy absorption limb 16 may have other components. Indeed, in some cases, the surge arrester may be modeled (or equivalently) as a series connection of a varistor and an inductor. The arrester MOV may be a zinc oxide arrester or other type of arrester.
It should be noted that for a branch comprising a varistor or a series connection of an arrester and a capacitor, when the varistor or the arrester is active (for example, a charging current to the capacitor flows) so that the branch is active, the branch can function as both a buffer branch and an energy absorption branch.
In some embodiments, the snubber circuit may include a snubber branch, which may include a capacitor or a series connection of a capacitor and a resistor that is a non-varistor, and an energy absorption branch, which may include a varistor or an arrester MOV. .
It should also be understood that although only one buffer branch 14 (R) is exemplarily shown in fig. 1s、Cs) And one energy absorbing limb (MOV), although in other examples there may be two or more buffering limbs, or there may or may not be an energy absorbing limb, or there may be two or more energy absorbing limbs.
To this end, various embodiments of a novel circuit breaker having a novel structure according to one aspect of the present application are provided. Which may be used for dc power transmission. Which realizes bidirectional on-off of current. It is cost effective, greatly reducing circuit breaker cost.
Further, according to the circuit breaker of fig. 1 of the present disclosure, the diode D may be made1To D4Hardly affected by the back-oscillations. In particular, during the reverse oscillation, when the power switch device T is in use1Substantially off, with electrical energy received in the tank circuit (e.g. including C as shown in FIG. 1)sOr an oscillating circuit (e.g. such as C) comprising the buffer branchs(and additionally Rs) An oscillating circuit formed with a bus equivalent inductance (not shown), etc.). Due to the power switch device T1Is turned off to include a diode D1And D3The whole branch of (2) is connected with the buffer circuit in parallel, but because of the diodeD1And D3Oppositely open-circuited diode D1And D3Is substantially unaffected by the back-oscillations. Similarly, a diode D is included4And D2The whole branch of (2) is also connected in parallel with the buffer circuit, but because of the diode D4And D2Back to back also forming an open circuit, diode D4And D2Is substantially unaffected by the back-oscillations. Thus diode D1To D4Is substantially unaffected by the back-oscillations.
As such, even if a common rectifying power diode is used as in the embodiments of the present application, high reliability can be achieved. Also, compared to prior art circuit breakers that often employ multiple expensive power switching devices and expensive fast recovery diodes, the circuit breaker according to the present disclosure can provide bi-directional switching through the combination of one common power switching device and a common rectifying power diode, greatly reducing cost without loss of reliability.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Similarly, the circuit breaker 2 may include a interruptible circuit 20 and a snubber circuit. The structure of the turn-off capable circuit 20 is substantially similar to that of the turn-off capable circuit 10 shown in fig. 1, and may include a similarly configured power switch device T1And a rectifying power diode D1-D4. Likewise, the turn-off circuit may have a first terminal 2a and a second terminal 2 b. Since the structure of the turn-off capable circuit in fig. 2 is substantially the same as the structure of the turn-off capable circuit 10 in fig. 1, the detailed description thereof is omitted. The description of the turn-off capable circuit 10 in fig. 1 can be easily applied to this.
The embodiment shown in fig. 2 differs from that of fig. 1 mainly in its buffer circuit. In this embodiment, the snubber circuit may include the snubber branch 24 and the energy absorbing branch 26, but both are configured separately from each other in the circuitry, rather than being coupled in parallel to each other across the turn-off circuit 10 as in the snubber branch 14 and the energy absorbing branch 16 of fig. 1.
Here, the buffer branch 24 may be configured to cooperate with work in the turn-off circuit 20Rate switching device T1Connected in parallel as shown in fig. 2. Both ends of the energy absorbing branch 26 may be configured to be coupled with the first terminal 2a and the second terminal 2b of the turn-off circuit 20, respectively. The buffer branch 24 and the energy absorption branch 26 may have similar structures and functions as the buffer branch 14 and the energy absorption branch 16 in fig. 1, and are not described in detail herein.
What has been described in the previous embodiments with respect to the components may equally or adaptively be applied to the corresponding components in the embodiment shown in fig. 2. For example, the embodiment shown in fig. 2 also has a first branch and a second branch. Also for example, the snubber circuit of the embodiment shown in fig. 2 may also have two or more snubber legs, may or may not have an energy absorbing leg, or may have two or more energy absorbing legs.
Here, it should be noted that, in the structure shown in fig. 2, during the reverse oscillation, the rectifying power diode may experience the reverse oscillation. For example, although during reverse oscillation, the switching device T1Has been switched off, however, branch D is due to the oscillation process3-Rs-Cs-D4Or branch D1-Rs-Cs-D2May experience a reverse oscillatory current. Therefore, preferably, the rectifying power diode is configured to be able to withstand reverse oscillations in the circuit breaker. Alternatively, the rectifying power diode may be configured as a rectifying power diode that withstands reverse oscillations for a predetermined time range, such that although the rectifying power diode experiences reverse oscillations for a certain time (e.g., several oscillation cycles), no damage or irreversible damage to the rectifying power diode results because the oscillations are damped and damped rapidly.
The reverse oscillation can be reduced or inhibited by configuring the parameters of each component, so that the requirements on the parameters or the performance of the rectifying power diode are reduced, and the cost can be further reduced.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 3 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The circuit breaker 3 may comprise a closable circuit 30 and a snubber circuit. The turn-off powerThe structure of the circuit 30 is substantially similar to that of the turn-off circuit 10 shown in fig. 1, which may include a similarly configured power switch device T1And a rectifying power diode D1-D4. Likewise, the turn-off circuit 30 may have a first terminal 3a and a second terminal 3 b. Since the structure of the turn-off capable circuit in fig. 3 is the same as the basic structure of the turn-off capable circuit 10 in fig. 1, the detailed description thereof is omitted. The description of the turn-off capable circuit 10 in fig. 1 can be easily applied to this.
The embodiment shown in fig. 3 differs from that of fig. 1 mainly in its buffer circuit. In this embodiment, the snubber circuit may include the snubber branch 34 and the energy absorbing branch 36, but both are configured separately from each other in the circuitry.
Here, both ends of the buffering branch 34 may be configured to be coupled with the first terminal 3a and the second terminal 3b of the turn-off circuit 30, respectively, as shown in fig. 3. The energy absorbing branch 36 may be configured to communicate with the power switch T in the turn-off circuit 301Are connected in parallel. The buffer branch 34 and the energy absorption branch 36 may have similar structures and functions as the buffer branch 14 and the energy absorption branch 16 in fig. 1, and are not described in detail herein.
What has been described in the previous embodiments with respect to the components may equally or adaptively be applied to the corresponding components in the embodiment shown in fig. 3. For example, the embodiment shown in fig. 3 also has a first branch and a second branch. Also for example, the snubber circuit of the embodiment shown in fig. 3 may also have two or more snubber legs, may or may not have an energy absorbing leg, or may have two or more energy absorbing legs.
According to the circuit breaker of fig. 3 of the present disclosure, the diode D may be made1To D4Hardly affected by the back-oscillation, the back-oscillation process is similar to that of the circuit breaker in fig. 1, and the description is omitted here.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 4 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Similarly, the circuit breaker 4 may include a interruptible circuit 40 and a snubber circuit. The structure of the turn-off circuit and that shown in FIG. 1The illustrated turn-off circuit 10 is substantially similar in structure and may include similarly configured power switches T1And a rectifying power diode D1-D4. Likewise, the turn-off circuit 40 may have a first terminal 4a and a second terminal 4 b. Since the structure of the turn-off capable circuit in fig. 4 is the same as the basic structure of the turn-off capable circuit 10 in fig. 1, the description thereof is omitted. The description of the turn-off capable circuit 10 in fig. 1 can be easily applied to this.
The embodiment shown in fig. 4 differs from that of fig. 1 mainly in its buffer circuit. In this embodiment, the snubber circuit may include a snubber branch 44 and an energy absorption branch 46, but both are coupled in parallel with each other at the power switch device T1Rather than being coupled to both ends of the turn-off circuit 10 in parallel with each other as in the buffering branch 14 and the energy absorbing branch 16 of fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 4, the snubber branch 44 and the energy absorption branch 46 may be configured to communicate with the power switch T in the turn-off circuit 401Are connected in parallel. That is, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the entire snubber circuit including the energy absorption branch 46 and the snubber branch 44 may be coupled in parallel to the power switch device T1At both ends of the same. The buffer branch 44 and the energy absorption branch 46 may have similar structures and functions as the buffer branch 14 and the energy absorption branch 16 in fig. 1, and are not described in detail herein.
What has been described in the previous embodiments with respect to the components may equally or adaptively be applied to the corresponding components in the embodiment shown in fig. 4. For example, the embodiment shown in fig. 4 also has a first branch and a second branch. As another example, the snubber circuit of the embodiment shown in fig. 4 may also have two or more snubber legs, may or may not have an energy absorbing leg, or may have two or more energy absorbing legs.
In the configuration shown in fig. 4, the rectifying power diode may experience reverse oscillation during the reverse oscillation. The reverse oscillation process of the circuit breaker in fig. 4 is similar to the reverse oscillation process of the circuit breaker in fig. 2, and is not described again here. The rectifying power diode herein may also be configured to withstand reverse oscillations in the circuit breaker. Alternatively, the rectifying power diode may be configured as a rectifying power diode that withstands reverse oscillations for a predetermined time range, such that although the rectifying power diode experiences reverse oscillations for a certain time (e.g., several oscillation cycles), no damage or irreversible damage to the rectifying power diode results because the oscillations are damped and damped rapidly.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuit breaker may further include one or more sub-snubber circuits, indicated at 48 in fig. 4. Each sub-snubber circuit may be coupled in parallel with a corresponding rectifying power diode of a plurality of rectifying power diodes (4 in fig. 1-4) of the turn-off circuit. The sub-snubber circuit may be used to assist in buffering electrical energy during turn-off of the turn-off circuit and may further protect the rectifying power diode. Similar to the previously described snubber circuits, the sub-snubber circuits may include a single capacitor (48 in FIG. 4), or may include an appropriate combination of a capacitor and one or more of an inductor, a resistor (including a piezoresistor or a non-piezoresistor common resistor).
The operation of the circuit breaker will be briefly described below by way of example by taking the circuit breaker 1 shown in fig. 1 as an example. Fig. 5 shows the current flowing in the branches and the change in voltage across the circuit breaker during the breaking process of the circuit breaker 1 in an ideal state. In FIG. 5, iTShowing the power switch device T of figure 11Current of (1)RCRepresenting the current in the buffer branch 14, iMOVRepresents the current in the energy absorbing branch 16, and uCRepresenting the voltage across the circuit breaker 1.
At time t1Power switch device T in fig. 11Begins to turn off, at this time T1The current above is gradually transferred to the buffer branch 14 (the buffer branch receives energy), so T1Current i inTFrom t1Begins to taper and buffers the current i on branch 14RCAnd gradually increases. During this process, the voltage u across the circuit breaker 1 is due to the charging of the buffer branch 14CAnd (4) increasing.
At time t2A (c) is1All of the current above is diverted to the buffer branch 14, T1Current i inTReduced to zero, iRCA stable value is reached. The buffer branch 14 receives electrical energy during the turn-off of the turn-off circuit. At time t2To time t3During this period, the voltage of the buffer branch is continuously increased.
At time t3At this point, the voltage is so high that the energy absorbing branch starts to operate, and the current on the snubber branch 14 is gradually transferred to the energy absorbing branch 16. That is, the snubber branch (e.g., RC circuit) discharges through the energy absorbing branch. Thus buffering the current i in the branch 14RCFrom t3Starting to decrease, the current i in the energy absorbing branch 16 (for example, a varistor or a lightning arrester)MOVAnd gradually increases. The current continues to strike the MOV legs. At time t3To time t4During this time, the voltage of the energy absorbing branch continues to rise and drops after reaching the high point due to the increasing conduction of the MOV, forming a voltage spike.
At time t4The current in the buffer branch 14 is entirely diverted to the energy absorption branch 16, the current i in the buffer branch 14 beingRCReduced to zero, iMOVA stable value is reached. That is, the energy absorbing branch 16 may absorb electrical energy during the turn-off of the turn-off circuit. During the transfer of current to the energy absorption branch 16, the energy absorption circuit 16 is present for a period of time (e.g., t) under the influence of the current3-t5Period) of overvoltage conditions, e.g. voltage uCAs shown.
At time t5The overvoltage is gradually reduced as energy is absorbed and damped, iMOVBegins to gradually decrease to zero (at time t)6)。
However, due to the capacitance of the circuit breaker (e.g., capacitor C in the snubber branch 14)sThe capacitance of the bus to which the circuit breaker is coupled, the capacitance of the power system equivalent inductance, etc., may oscillate, possibly causing a voltage u across the circuit breaker 1CA back-oscillation (not shown) will occur up to the voltage across the circuit breaker 1Stabilizing to equal the bus voltage. The turn-off process of the circuit breaker 1 ends.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the parameters of the various components in the circuit breaker, such as the capacitance of a capacitor in the snubber circuit or the resistance of a resistor, etc., can be configured as desired to limit the reverse oscillations that occur during the turn-off of the circuit breaker so that they do not damage the various rectifying power diodes in the circuit breaker.
Referring now to fig. 6, fig. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of a circuit interrupting system 6, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The circuit breaking system 6 is used to limit a current (overcurrent) in an electric system in which it is located or to perform a circuit breaking operation to cut off the current when a short circuit or other fault occurs in the electric system. In one embodiment, the circuit interrupting system 6 may include a main power switching leg 60 for switching operations. The power main switching branch 60 may include one or more of the previously described circuit breakers 60-1, 60-2 … … 60-N. In one embodiment, multiple circuit breakers 60-1, 60-2 … … 60-N may be coupled in series to accommodate different voltage levels of the power grid. Since each of the circuit breakers can independently maintain its own dynamic or static voltage grading, the overall dynamic or static voltage grading effect of the main switching branch 60 including the plurality of circuit breakers connected in series is not affected by the number of circuit breakers. In addition, when one of the circuit breakers connected in series breaks down during operation, because both the diode and the IGBT used in the sub-module can be packaged in a crimping mode and have the property of failure and short circuit, the broken circuit breaker can be in a short circuit state, and therefore the normal operation of other circuit breakers which are not broken down can be prevented from being influenced. Thus, compared with the circuit breaking system in the prior art, the circuit breaking system in the disclosure enables the whole circuit breaking system to be more stable and reliable by connecting a plurality of independent circuit breakers which do not affect each other in series.
In one embodiment, the power main switching branch 60 may also include a coupled negative voltage circuit or auxiliary current transfer circuit 62 connected in series with one or more of the circuit breakers 60-1, 60-2 … … 60-N described above. Here, since the coupled negative voltage circuit or the auxiliary current transfer circuit 62 is not the object of the present application, it is not described in more detail here. Those skilled in the art may suitably employ coupled negative voltage circuits or auxiliary current transfer circuits known in the art or developed in the future. In a further embodiment, the auxiliary current transfer branch may also be arranged in series with the mechanical breaking device, not included in the main power switching branch.
In addition, the circuit interrupting system 6 may also include a mechanical circuit interrupting device 66 coupled to the power main switching leg 60. The mechanical disconnect device 66 may mechanically pull the two electrical contacts coupled apart, thereby acting to open the circuit. In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, a mechanical disconnect device 66 is coupled in parallel with the power main switching leg 60.
When a short circuit or other faults occur in the dc power system, if the breaking operation is performed only by using the mechanical breaking device 60, since the voltage in the dc power system does not have a natural zero-crossing point, a dc arc that is difficult to extinguish occurs when the mechanical breaking device 60 performs the breaking operation. With the circuit interrupting system 6 of the above embodiment, the current in the dc arc generated when the mechanical circuit interrupting device 60 performs the circuit interrupting operation can be diverted to the electronic main switch circuit 60 for further circuit interrupting operation.
In some embodiments, the circuit interrupting system 6 may also include a secondary snubber circuit 64. The secondary buffer circuit may comprise a secondary buffer branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch. The configuration of the secondary buffer branch and the secondary energy absorbing branch may be substantially the same as the aforementioned buffer branch and energy absorbing branch. Thus, many of the previous descriptions of the buffer and energy absorbing branches in the various figures may be equally applicable or may be suitably modified for use in the secondary buffer branch and the secondary energy absorbing branch. For example, a secondary buffer branch may be used to buffer electrical energy. The secondary buffer branch may comprise a separate capacitor or may comprise a suitable combination of a capacitor and one or more of an inductor and a resistor (preferably a non-varistor resistor). A secondary energy absorbing branch may be used to absorb the electrical energy. The secondary energy absorbing branch may comprise a varistor or surge arrester and optionally may further comprise a suitable combination of at least one of a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor in series with the varistor or surge arrester.
In one embodiment, the secondary snubber circuit 64 may be coupled in parallel with at least one of the one or more circuit breakers 60-1, 60-2 … … 60-N described above. In another embodiment, a secondary snubber circuit 64 included in the circuit interrupting system 6 may be coupled in parallel with the power main switching leg 60, wherein the main switching leg 60 may include one or more circuit breakers 60-1, 60-2 … … 60-N and a coupled buck circuit or auxiliary current transfer circuit 62 in series therewith, as shown in FIG. 6.
The present disclosure also contemplates an electrical power system that includes the above-described circuit interrupting system and an electrical power line coupled thereto. In one embodiment, the power system may be used for dc power transmission, such as dc high voltage power transmission, dc ultra high voltage power transmission, and the like.
A method of operating a circuit breaker according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is described below in conjunction with fig. 1 and 7. Fig. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method for operating a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In one embodiment, after a short circuit or other fault occurs in the power system, the mechanical circuit interrupting device first performs a circuit interrupting operation (e.g., pulling apart the two electrical contacts that are coupled), which may result in the generation of a dc arc. The current of the direct current arc in the mechanical breaking device can then be diverted into the circuit breaker, which then starts the breaking operation. In other embodiments, circuit breakers or circuit breaking systems according to the present disclosure may also operate independently.
The method steps of operating the circuit breaker according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below.
In step 702, a current is caused to flow in either the first branch or the second branch through the power switch device. For example, as shown in fig. 1, in the case where the current in the circuit breaker 1 flows, for example, from the left side to the right side of fig. 1, the current may pass through the power switching device T1In the first branch D1-T1-D2Medium flow; alternatively, in case the current in the circuit breaker 1 flows e.g. from the right to the left in fig. 1, the current may pass through the power switch device T1In the second branch D3-T1-D4And (3) medium flow.
The power switch is then opened in step 704 to divert current to the snubber circuit so that the snubber circuit absorbs electrical energy. For example, a power switch device T1Is switched off, so that the current in the circuit breaker 1 is transferred to the snubber circuit 12, so that the snubber circuit 12 absorbs electrical energy. This includes, but is not limited to: the voltage/overvoltage on the circuit breaker 1 or the current in the circuit breaker 1 is buffered by the buffer circuit 12.
In step 706, the amount of electrical energy absorbed by the snubber circuit may be damped (or dissipated) by at least the snubber circuit (e.g., 12). Damping (or dissipating) the electrical energy by the snubber circuit further comprises absorbing the electrical energy by an energy absorption branch as described above.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, but the above description is only exemplary and not exhaustive, and the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed various embodiments. The various embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Many modifications and variations of this invention may be suggested to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings herein, and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this invention.
Claims (29)
1. A circuit breaker, comprising:
a turn-off circuit comprising a first branch capable of turning on and off in a first direction and a second branch capable of turning on and off in a second direction opposite the first direction, the first and second branches comprising a common power switch device and respectively comprising a rectifying power diode coupled with the power switch device, wherein the turn-off circuit comprises a first terminal and a second terminal, the first and second branches each being connected between the first and second terminals;
a snubber circuit coupled to the turn-off circuit for buffering electrical energy during turn-off of the turn-off circuit,
wherein for a switching device, the first branch comprises only the power switching device and the second branch comprises only the power switching device.
2. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
the first branch includes the power switch device and a rectifying power diode configured to conduct in the first direction coupled upstream and downstream of the power switch device, respectively, an
The second branch includes the power switch device and rectifying power diodes coupled respectively upstream and downstream of the power switch device and configured to conduct in the second direction.
3. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
the first branch comprising first and second rectifying power diodes, the second branch comprising third and fourth rectifying power diodes,
an anode of the first rectifying power diode is coupled to a first terminal of the turn-off circuit, and a cathode of the first rectifying power diode is coupled to a first current-carrying terminal of the power switching device;
an anode of the second rectifying power diode is coupled to a second current carrying terminal of the power switching device and a cathode of the second rectifying power diode is coupled to a second terminal of the turn-off capable circuit.
4. The circuit breaker of claim 3, wherein:
the second branch comprises a third rectifying power diode and a fourth rectifying power diode,
an anode of the third rectifying power diode is coupled to the second terminal of the turn-off circuit, and a cathode of the third rectifying power diode is coupled to the first current carrying terminal of the power switching device;
an anode of the fourth rectifying power diode is coupled to the second current carrying terminal of the power switching device and a cathode of the fourth rectifying power diode is coupled to the first terminal of the turn-off circuit.
5. The circuit breaker of any of claims 1-4, wherein:
the snubber circuit is coupled in parallel to the first and second terminals of the turn-off circuit,
the snubber circuit includes a capacitor or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor.
6. The circuit breaker of any of claims 1-4, wherein:
the snubber circuit includes a snubber branch for receiving and damping the electrical energy,
the snubber branch comprises a capacitor, or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor,
two ends of the buffer branch are respectively coupled with the first terminal and the second terminal of the turn-off circuit.
7. The circuit breaker of any of claims 1-4, wherein:
the snubber circuit includes a snubber branch for receiving and damping the electrical energy,
the snubber branch comprises a capacitor, or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor,
the snubber branch is arranged to be connected in parallel with the power switch device.
8. The circuit breaker of claim 6, wherein:
the snubber circuit further includes an energy absorbing branch for absorbing the electrical energy, the energy absorbing branch having two ends coupled to the first and second terminals of the turn-off circuit, respectively.
9. The circuit breaker of claim 7, wherein:
the snubber circuit further includes an energy absorption branch for absorbing the electrical energy, the energy absorption branch having two ends coupled to the first and second terminals of the turn-off circuit, respectively.
10. The circuit breaker of claim 6, wherein:
the snubber circuit further includes an energy absorption branch for absorbing the electrical energy, the energy absorption branch being arranged in parallel connection with the power switching device.
11. The circuit breaker of claim 7, wherein:
the snubber circuit further includes an energy absorption branch for absorbing the electrical energy, the energy absorption branch being arranged in parallel connection with the power switching device.
12. The circuit breaker of any of claims 1-4, wherein:
the snubber circuit is arranged to be coupled in parallel with the power switch device.
13. The circuit breaker of any one of claims 8-11, wherein:
the energy absorption branch comprises a piezoresistor or an arrester.
14. The circuit breaker of claim 13, wherein:
the energy absorbing branch further comprises a combination of at least one of a capacitor, a resistor and an inductor coupled in series with the piezoresistor or arrester.
15. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
the buffer circuit comprises a buffer branch and an energy absorption branch, the buffer branch comprises a capacitor or a capacitor and a non-piezoresistor which are connected in series, and the energy absorption branch comprises a piezoresistor or an arrester.
16. The circuit breaker of claim 1, further comprising:
a sub-snubber circuit for buffering electrical energy in parallel with the rectified power diode, the sub-snubber circuit comprising a capacitor or a combination of a capacitor and at least one of a resistor and an inductor, wherein the resistor comprises a piezoresistor.
17. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
the rectified power diode is configured to withstand reverse oscillations in the circuit breaker.
18. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
buffering the electrical energy includes buffering an overvoltage or overcurrent generated during a turn-off of the turn-off circuit.
19. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
the rated working frequency of the rectifying power diode is less than 100 Hz.
20. The circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein:
the power switching device includes one or more of: the gate-turn-off thyristor comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, an integrated gate-turn-off thyristor IGCT, a gate turn-off thyristor GTO, a super gate turn-off thyristor SGTO and an injection enhancement gate transistor IEGT.
21. A circuit interrupting system comprising:
power main switching branch comprising at least one circuit breaker according to any of claims 1-20.
22. The circuit interrupting system of claim 21 wherein:
the at least one circuit breaker is coupled in series.
23. The circuit interrupting system of claim 21 further comprising:
a secondary snubber circuit coupled in parallel with at least one of the at least one circuit breaker, the secondary snubber circuit including a secondary snubber branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch.
24. The circuit interrupting system of claim 21 further comprising:
a secondary buffer circuit comprising a secondary buffer branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch,
wherein the power main switching branch further comprises a coupled negative voltage circuit in series with the at least one circuit breaker,
wherein the secondary snubber circuit is coupled in parallel with the power main switch leg.
25. The circuit interrupting system of claim 21 further comprising:
a secondary buffer circuit comprising a secondary buffer branch and/or a secondary energy absorption branch,
wherein the power main switching branch further comprises an auxiliary current transfer circuit in series with the at least one circuit breaker,
wherein the secondary snubber circuit is coupled in parallel with the power main switch leg.
26. The circuit interrupting system of any one of claims 21-25 further comprising:
a mechanical disconnect device coupled to the power main switch leg.
27. An electrical power system comprising:
the circuit interrupting system of any one of claims 21-26;
a power line coupled to the circuit interrupting system.
28. The power system of claim 27, used for direct current power transmission.
29. A method of operating a circuit breaker, the circuit breaker being according to any one of claims 1-20, the method comprising:
enabling current to flow in the first branch or the second branch through the power switch device;
opening the power switch device to divert current to the snubber circuit such that the snubber circuit absorbs electrical energy; and
the electrical energy absorbed by the snubber circuit is damped by at least the snubber circuit.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103337851A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-02 | 国家电网公司 | Semi-controlled active injection current high voltage direct current breaker and realization method thereof |
| CN106207991A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of bidirectional high-pressure DC hybrid chopper |
| CN106300291A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-01-04 | 天津大学 | Hybrid high voltage DC breaker based on IGBT |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103337851A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-02 | 国家电网公司 | Semi-controlled active injection current high voltage direct current breaker and realization method thereof |
| CN106207991A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of bidirectional high-pressure DC hybrid chopper |
| CN106300291A (en) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-01-04 | 天津大学 | Hybrid high voltage DC breaker based on IGBT |
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