CN108623239B - Special mortar for aerated concrete - Google Patents

Special mortar for aerated concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108623239B
CN108623239B CN201810659011.9A CN201810659011A CN108623239B CN 108623239 B CN108623239 B CN 108623239B CN 201810659011 A CN201810659011 A CN 201810659011A CN 108623239 B CN108623239 B CN 108623239B
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parts
mortar
aerated concrete
fly ash
mass ratio
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CN108623239A (en
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张炜
黄宁宁
胡一智
阮家铭
卢军宇
邓金宝
林震
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Guangdong Fute New Materials Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

Abstract

The invention discloses mortar special for aerated concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: cement 160-; 100 portions of fly ash and 140 portions of fly ash; 600 portions and 800 portions of medium sand; 5-10 parts of redispersible latex powder; 1-10 parts of starch ether; 1-10 parts of cellulose ether; 1-10 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; 1-6 parts of fiber; 1-3 parts of retarder; 1-2 parts of a defoaming agent; the mass ratio of the cement to the fly ash to the medium sand is 4-6:3: 18-20; the mass ratio of the starch ether to the cellulose ether to the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is 2-5:3: 3-10; the fibers are formed by mixing polypropylene fibers and wood fibers in a mass ratio of 1: 2-4. The special mortar for aerated concrete comprehensively utilizes the excellent performances of the components through the selection and the weight ratio of the components, makes up for the deficiencies of the components, and obtains the mortar with excellent performances. The invention can effectively solve the problems of cracking, leakage, hollowing and peeling of a plastering layer and the like of the aerated concrete wall, and is beneficial to popularization and use of the aerated concrete.

Description

Special mortar for aerated concrete
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and mainly relates to mortar special for aerated concrete and a using method thereof.
Background
The aerated concrete is a novel building material, has excellent functions of heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, light weight, fire prevention, processability, permeability resistance, good durability and the like, is a very ideal novel green environment-friendly wall material integrating heat preservation and enclosure functions, and is the only single self-insulation wall capable of meeting the energy saving rate of 65 percent at present. Therefore, the aerated concrete block is widely applied to bearing walls and self-bearing walls of various buildings, is an ideal wall material for replacing the traditional solid clay brick, is greatly supported by national wall improvement policy, tax policy and environmental protection policy for many years, and has wide market development prospect.
The aerated concrete block is a silicate material with a porous structure because a plurality of air holes are formed in the aerated concrete block. The air holes can be divided into bubble holes and micropores. The bubble holes are formed by the gas generation of aluminum powder and are mostly in the shape of an ink bottle; "micropores" include "gel pores" and "capillaries," mostly present in the walls of the pores between the bubbles, formed by the evaporation of water. The porosity is as high as 70% to 80% due to the pores, wherein the pores occupy most of the volume. As the pore diameter of the pore wall is less and a plurality of pores are separated and disconnected by the bubble pores, the siphonage of the pores is weaker, so that the water absorption is slow, and the characteristics of the porosity and the slow water absorption of the aerated concrete enable the building block to have the characteristic of 'impermeable pouring'. The 'secondary watering' of the aerated concrete block is required in the 'masonry engineering construction quality acceptance standard' (GB 50203-2002): namely, water is poured once 1 to 2 days before the masonry, and water is poured once again about one hour before the masonry. In actual operation, more water is difficult to absorb by the aerated concrete blocks, under the condition that the aerated concrete blocks are built and plastered by cement mortar with poor water retention and workability, water can be continuously absorbed by the aerated concrete blocks, the mortar cannot be fully hydrated to form a cementitious hydration product, the compressive strength and the bonding property of the mortar of a connection interface of the blocks and the mortar cannot meet the requirements, and the phenomena of wall cracking, leakage, plastering layer hollowing, peeling and the like generally occur in the use process of the block and the mortar. The aerated concrete block has the objective factors of large drying shrinkage, poor moisture conductivity, long moisture desorption time, smaller elastic modulus than common masonry mortar and plastering mortar and the like, and is easy to generate wall cracks. Therefore, the mortar special for aerated concrete needs to have good water retention, cohesiveness and deformation resistance.
Patent publication No. CN103723970B discloses plastering mortar using bentonite and polyacrylamide as water-retaining thickening materials, which is characterized by consisting of ordinary portland cement, river sand, fly ash, slag powder, bentonite, polyacrylamide, sepiolite powder, defoaming agent and water reducing agent. The plastering mortar prepared by the method has good water-retaining property, but has over-high viscosity and poor deformation resistance, and the performance of the plastering mortar after being combined with a wall body is influenced. The patent application of publication No. CN102344273A discloses a preparation method of novel dry powder mortar special for anti-shrinkage autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, which comprises the following components of 15-20% of anhydrous gypsum, 25-35% of Portland cement, 5-16% of lime powder, 33-54% of dry sand (20-40 meshes), 0.6-0.8% of redispersible latex powder, 0.3-0.5% of cellulose ether and 0.4-0.6% of calcium formate. The dry powder mortar is prepared by adding cement and gypsum to adjust the dry shrinkage value of the mortar to be close to that of the autoclaved aerated concrete block, so that the material quality of the adhesive mortar is close to that of the autoclaved aerated concrete block, and the shrinkage and expansion of the adhesive mortar are synchronous to overcome the phenomena of hollowing, dry cracking and the like of a masonry and plastering layer caused by too fast water loss of a wall body, but the adhesive property of the mortar and the aerated concrete block is reduced.
The development of the mortar special for aerated concrete at present is still very incomplete, and the mortar cannot have good water retention, good wall adhesion and good deformation resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the special mortar for aerated concrete, which has good water retention property, good wall adhesion property and good deformation resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the mortar special for the aerated concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
cement 160-;
100 portions of fly ash and 140 portions of fly ash;
600 portions and 800 portions of medium sand;
5-10 parts of redispersible latex powder;
1-10 parts of starch ether;
1-10 parts of cellulose ether;
1-10 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
1-6 parts of fiber;
1-3 parts of retarder;
1-2 parts of a defoaming agent;
the mass ratio of the cement to the fly ash to the medium sand is 4-6:3: 18-20;
the mass ratio of the starch ether to the cellulose ether to the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is 2-5:3: 3-10;
the fibers are formed by mixing polypropylene fibers and wood fibers in a mass ratio of 1: 2-4.
The fly ash is directly used in the mortar as a blending material, can improve the workability and other properties of the mortar, saves raw materials, reduces the cost of the mortar and reduces the environmental pollution. If the content of the fly ash exceeds 20%, the tensile strength and the bonding strength of the mortar can be greatly reduced, so that the adding amount of the fly ash is controlled to be 10-20%. The re-dispersible latex powder is a thermoplastic material, and forms an ideal bonding system with inorganic cementing materials such as cement and medium sand, so that the bonding force and the cohesion can be improved, the elastic modulus can be reduced, the breaking strength can be enhanced, and the flexibility can be increased. The fiber can effectively prevent the initial plastic cracking of the mortar, plays a role of secondary reinforcement in the mortar, forms a three-dimensional disorientation structure in the mortar, and can lock the moisture in the mortar, so that the fiber can prevent and reduce microcracks generated by a tip effect in the mortar, reduce the generation of early stress of the mortar and prevent cracks caused by early evaporation of the moisture, thereby hindering the formation of large-area cracks. The starch ether is mainly applied to building mortar, can influence the consistency of the mortar taking cement as a base material, can reduce the vertical flow degree of fresh mortar, and changes the construction property and the sag resistance of the mortar. Starch ethers are usually used in combination with non-modified and modified cellulose ethers, are suitable for both neutral and alkaline systems, and are compatible with most additives in cementitious products. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the mixing water consumption under the condition of maintaining the concrete slump constant.
The invention controls the weight ratio of the main components of the mortar, namely cement, medium sand and fly ash, and adds a plurality of chemical additives, wherein the addition of the defoaming agent can reduce the gas content of the freshly mixed mortar, and the retarder reduces the hydration speed and the hydration heat of the cement and prolongs the setting time. The added starch ether, cellulose ether and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent mainly contain hydroxyl and carboxylate radical, and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are utilized to reduce the surface tension, so that the solution has fine and uniform bubbles, is rich in elasticity and is difficult to break, and the fresh mortar is ensured to have higher initial volume weight and water retention capacity; the hydroxyl can be combined with the hydration product, so that the hydration rate is reduced, the consistency loss is reduced, and the coagulation time is prolonged; the invention effectively relieves the contradiction among consistency maintenance, volume weight and water retention rate by regulating and controlling the proportion of the starch ether, the cellulose ether and the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent. And then, the fibers play a role of secondary reinforcement in the mortar, a compact reticular structure is formed in the mortar, and the moisture in the mortar can be locked, so that microcracks generated by a tip effect can be prevented and reduced in the mortar. According to the invention, through the selection and the weight ratio of the components, the components bring the performances of the components into the mortar, and mutually make up for the deficiencies and act together, and the obtained mortar has good water retention property, good wall body caking property and good deformation resistance.
Preferably, the special mortar for aerated concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight:
180 parts of cement;
120 parts of fly ash;
700 parts of medium sand;
5 parts of redispersible latex powder;
2 parts of starch ether;
3 parts of cellulose ether;
5 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
1 part of fiber;
2 parts of retarder;
and 2 parts of a defoaming agent.
Preferably, the cellulose ether is one or more of methylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose.
Preferably, the retarder is sodium gluconate or sodium citrate.
Preferably, the fibers are polypropylene fibers and wood fibers mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 3. The invention adopts wood fiber and polypropylene fiber to compound, wherein the length of the wood fiber is micrometer unit, which has various specifications of 200 micrometers and 300 micrometers, and can form pulling force between particles to prevent fracture, while the length of the polypropylene fiber is generally 6mm to 12mm, which can form pulling force between a plurality of particles to prevent fracture, so that the length and the length are combined to form the integral transverse and vertical pulling force, thereby strengthening the firmness of the mortar and reducing the fracture.
Preferably, the polycarboxylate water reducer is a polycarboxylate water reducer containing phosphate functional groups.
Preferably, the defoamer is a silicone defoamer or a polyether defoamer.
Preferably, the modulus of fineness of the medium sand is 2.3-3.0, and the bulk density is 1450-1650kg/m3
The use method of the special mortar for aerated concrete comprises the following specific steps: weighing cement, fly ash, medium sand, redispersible latex powder, starch ether, cellulose ether, polycarboxylic acid water reducer, fiber, retarder and defoamer according to the weight parts, putting into a mortar mixer, dry-mixing for 1-5min to obtain dry powder, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 1-10min, and then carrying out manual smearing or mechanical spraying construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the special mortar for aerated concrete comprehensively utilizes the excellent performances of the components through the selection and the weight ratio of the components, makes up for the deficiencies of the components, and has good water retention property, good wall body caking property and good deformation resistance. The mortar has good cohesiveness with aerated concrete, can effectively solve the problems of cracking, leakage, hollowing and peeling of a plastering layer and the like of an aerated concrete wall, and is favorable for popularization and application of the aerated concrete.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
The following examples and comparative examples used medium sand having a fineness modulus of 2.3 to 3.0 and a bulk density of 1450 to 1650kg/m3
Use examples
Example 1 was used:
weighing 180Kg of cement, 120Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of middlings, 5Kg of redispersible latex powder, 2Kg of starch ether, 3Kg of cellulose ether, 5Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1Kg of fiber (polypropylene fiber and wood fiber in a mass ratio of 1:3), 2Kg of sodium gluconate, and 2Kg of organic silicon defoamer. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 1min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 2min, and manually smearing.
Example 2 was used:
160Kg of cement, 100Kg of fly ash, 600Kg of middlings, 5Kg of redispersible latex powder, 1Kg of starch ether, 1Kg of cellulose ether, 1Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 3Kg of fiber (polypropylene fiber and wood fiber, mass ratio is 1:2), 1Kg of sodium citrate and 1Kg of polyether defoamer are weighed. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 5min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 10min, and manually smearing.
Example 3 was used:
weighing 200Kg of cement, 140Kg of fly ash, 800Kg of middlings, 10Kg of redispersible latex powder, 10Kg of starch ether, 10Kg of cellulose ether, 10Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 6Kg of fibers (polypropylene fibers and wood fibers in a mass ratio of 1:4), 3Kg of sodium gluconate, and 2Kg of organic silicon defoamer. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 3min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 7min, and manually smearing.
Example 4 was used:
160Kg of cement, 120Kg of fly ash, 720Kg of medium sand, 6Kg of redispersible latex powder, 2Kg of starch ether, 3Kg of cellulose ether, 3Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 2Kg of polypropylene fiber, 2Kg of sodium gluconate and 2Kg of organic silicon defoamer are weighed. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 1min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 2min, and manually smearing.
Example 5 was used:
160Kg of cement, 120Kg of fly ash, 800Kg of middlings, 8Kg of redispersible latex powder, 2Kg of starch ether, 3Kg of cellulose ether, 10Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1Kg of fiber (polypropylene fiber and wood fiber in a mass ratio of 1:3), 2Kg of sodium gluconate, and 2Kg of organic silicon defoamer are weighed. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 1min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 2min, and manually smearing.
Example 6 was used:
200Kg of cement, 100Kg of fly ash, 666.7Kg of middlings, 8Kg of redispersible latex powder, 5Kg of starch ether, 3Kg of cellulose ether, 3Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1Kg of fiber (polypropylene fiber and wood fiber, mass ratio is 1:3), 2Kg of sodium gluconate, and 2Kg of organic silicon defoamer are weighed. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 1min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 2min, and manually smearing.
Example 7 was used:
200Kg of cement, 100Kg of fly ash, 600Kg of middlings, 8Kg of redispersible latex powder, 5Kg of starch ether, 3Kg of cellulose ether, 10Kg of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 1Kg of fiber (polypropylene fiber and wood fiber in a mass ratio of 1:3), 2Kg of sodium gluconate, and 2Kg of organic silicon defoamer are weighed. Putting into a mortar stirrer, dry-mixing for 1min, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 2min, and manually smearing.
Comparative examples 1 to 10:
compared with the use example 1, in comparative examples 1 to 9, cement, fly ash, medium sand, re-dispersible latex powder, starch ether, cellulose ether, polycarboxylic acid water reducer, fiber (polypropylene fiber and wood fiber, mass ratio is 1:3), sodium gluconate and organic silicon defoamer are weighed according to the weight parts shown in table 1. In comparison with use example 1, comparative example 10 employed polypropylene fibers and wood fibers in a mass ratio of 1:6, and the rest was the same as use example 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001706239270000061
The application example is as follows:
1. base layer treatment:
the surface of the wall body should be clean and firm, and the construction can be directly carried out after all loose objects which influence the bonding performance, such as dust, grease, particles and the like on the surface of the wall body are removed.
2. Filling ribs: the straightness of the wall body is measured by using a 2-meter ruler plate and a line weight and a pull line, hard straight steel bars with the diameter of 8-12 mm are used for filling the steel bars on the wall surface at intervals of 1.3m (the width of the steel bars is controlled to be smaller than the length of the scraping rod), and the steel bars are firmly adhered by using general plastering mortar. The punched ribs should be flat, straight and firm.
3. Stirring the mortar: mixing with a stirrer. The mixing water must meet the requirements of building water; the mortar is used and mixed at any time, and the dry-mixed mortar material is not required to be soaked in water; adding water in an amount of 15-25% of the dry-mixed mortar; the stirring time should be uniform.
4. And (5) plastering construction.
5. And (3) performance testing:
relevant performance tests using the mortars prepared in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 10 were carried out according to the masonry and plastering mortar for autoclaved aerated concrete (JC 890-. The test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001706239270000071
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001706239270000081
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the mortar special for aerated concrete has good bonding property with aerated concrete walls and excellent mechanical property. Compared with the mortar of the invention, the comparative examples 1 to 7 reduce any additive component in the components of the invention, and the performance of the prepared mortar is obviously reduced. The mass ratio of the cement, the fly ash and the medium sand in the comparative example 8 is not in the ratio range of the mortar, and the performance of the prepared mortar is obviously lower than that of the mortar; the mass ratio of the starch ether to the cellulose ether to the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent in the comparative example 9 is not within the ratio range of the mortar of the invention, and the performance of the prepared mortar is obviously lower than that of the mortar of the invention; the mass ratio of the fiber components of comparative example 10 is not within the range of the ratio of the mortar of the present invention, and the performance of the prepared mortar is also significantly lower than that of the mortar of the present invention. In conclusion, the special mortar for aerated concrete comprehensively utilizes the excellent performances of the components through the selection and the weight ratio of the components, makes up for the deficiencies of the components, and obtains excellent mortar performances.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (7)

1. The mortar special for aerated concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
cement 160-;
100 portions of fly ash and 140 portions of fly ash;
600 portions and 800 portions of medium sand;
5-10 parts of redispersible latex powder;
1-10 parts of starch ether;
1-10 parts of cellulose ether;
1-10 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
1-6 parts of fiber;
1-3 parts of retarder;
1-2 parts of a defoaming agent;
the mass ratio of the cement to the fly ash to the medium sand is 4-6:3: 18-20;
the mass ratio of the starch ether to the cellulose ether to the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is 2-5:3: 3-10;
the fibers are formed by mixing polypropylene fibers and wood fibers in a mass ratio of 1: 2-4;
the polycarboxylic acidThe water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent containing phosphoric acid functional groups, the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent or a polyether defoaming agent, the fineness modulus of the medium sand is 2.3-3.0, and the bulk density is 1450-1650kg/m3
2. The special mortar for aerated concrete according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
180 parts of cement;
120 parts of fly ash;
720 parts of medium sand;
5 parts of redispersible latex powder;
2 parts of starch ether;
3 parts of cellulose ether;
5 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
1 part of fiber;
2 parts of retarder;
and 2 parts of a defoaming agent.
3. The mortar special for aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose ether is one or more of methyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
4. The mortar special for aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the retarder is sodium gluconate or sodium citrate.
5. The mortar special for aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the starch ether to the cellulose ether to the polycarboxylic acid water reducer is 2:3: 5.
6. The mortar special for aerated concrete according to claim 1, wherein the fibers are a mixture of polypropylene fibers and wood fibers in a mass ratio of 1: 3.
7. The use method of the special mortar for aerated concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: weighing cement, fly ash, medium sand, redispersible latex powder, starch ether, cellulose ether, polycarboxylic acid water reducer, fiber, retarder and defoamer according to the parts by weight, putting the materials into a mortar mixer, dry-mixing for 1-5min to obtain dry powder, adding tap water accounting for 15-25% of the weight of the dry powder, stirring for 1-10min, and then carrying out manual smearing or mechanical spraying construction.
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