CN108615102B - Method for evaluating capability of forming network cracks by tight oil gas fracturing - Google Patents

Method for evaluating capability of forming network cracks by tight oil gas fracturing Download PDF

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CN108615102B
CN108615102B CN201611137237.XA CN201611137237A CN108615102B CN 108615102 B CN108615102 B CN 108615102B CN 201611137237 A CN201611137237 A CN 201611137237A CN 108615102 B CN108615102 B CN 108615102B
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target well
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张胜传
王娟
单桂栋
陈紫薇
付大其
郭建春
赵志红
张然
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the capability of forming network cracks by tight oil-gas fracturing, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing modification processes of tight oil-gas reservoirs. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a normalized Young's modulus E of the target well fracture layernShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnAnd calculating the brittleness index B based thereonI(ii) a The natural fracture factor F is then calculatednAnd ground stress factor SIAnd calculating the fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layer on the basis of the expansion factor Fnf(ii) a According to the brittleness index BIAnd the stitch net expansion factor FnfCalculating the seam index FI(ii) a Finally according to the sewing net index FIAnd pre-established evaluation criteria for evaluating the ability of the fractured layer to form network fractures. The invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the complex fracture forming capability of a compact oil and gas reservoir in hydraulic fracturing, which can accurately evaluate the complex fracture forming capability of the compact reservoir, guide fracturing optimization design, improve the complex degree of the compact oil and gas reservoir fracturing fracture and achieve better yield increasing effect.

Description

Method for evaluating capability of forming network cracks by tight oil gas fracturing
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for hydraulic fracturing transformation of a compact oil-gas reservoir, in particular to a method for evaluating the capability of forming network fractures by compact oil-gas fracturing.
Background
The compact oil is short for compact reservoir oil, and the main occurrence space is unconventional reservoir such as compact sandstone, marl, dolomite and the like. In recent years, with the increasing global energy demand and oil and gas production pressure, as an unconventional oil resource, dense oil has become a new focus of global unconventional oil and gas exploration and development following shale gas, and is praised as "black money" by the oil industry.
With the deep exploration and development of oil and gas resources, the compact oil and gas reservoir becomes an important succedaneum of the oil and gas resources, however, the compact oil and gas reservoir has extremely low permeability and porosity, and must be developed by large-scale reservoir transformation to form complex fractures. The ability of complex cracks formed during fracturing of a compact oil and gas reservoir is influenced by factors such as rock brittleness, natural crack development degree, occurrence and ground stress state, the prior art carries out qualitative judgment on the ability of network cracks generated by the compact oil and gas fracturing mainly according to the three factors, however, the implementation of the method adopting the qualitative judgment is difficult in site, the optimal design of the fracturing is difficult to effectively guide, and if the method capable of quantitatively evaluating the ability of the network cracks generated by the compact oil and gas fracturing by integrating the three factors can be provided, the method is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the capacity of forming complex fractures in hydraulic fracturing of a compact oil and gas reservoir. On the basis of respectively analyzing the influence of rock brittleness, natural fracture occurrence and ground stress state on complex fractures, the invention integrates three factors to establish an evaluation method, thereby providing a quantitative evaluation method for the network fracture forming capability of a compact oil and gas reservoir.
Specifically, the method comprises the following technical scheme:
a method of evaluating the ability of tight oil and gas fracturing to form network fractures, the method comprising:
a method for evaluating the ability of tight oil and gas fracturing to form network fractures, the method comprising:
(1) acquiring basic parameters of a compact oil block to be evaluated and basic parameters of a target well fracturing layer;
(2) calculating the target well pressure according to the basic parametersNormalized Young's modulus E of the split layernShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpn(ii) a According to said normalized Young's modulus EnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnCalculating the brittleness index B of the target well fracturing layerI；
(3) Respectively calculating natural fracture factors F according to the basic parametersnAnd ground stress factor SIAccording to the natural fracture factor FnAnd the ground stress factor SICalculating a fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layernf；
(4) According to the brittleness index BIAnd the stitch net expansion factor FnfCalculating the fracture network index F of the target well fracturing layerI；
(5) According to the sewing net index FIAnd a pre-established seam index FIAnd evaluating the capability of the target well fracturing layer to form the network fracture according to the corresponding relation between the value of (a) and the capability of forming the network fracture.
Further, the basic parameters of the compact oil block to be evaluated include: maximum value E of Young's modulus of the dense oil blockmaxAnd minimum value EminMaximum value psi of shear expansion anglemaxAnd minimum value psiminMaximum value of peak strainpmaxAnd minimum valuepminMaximum value of horizontal principal stress σHmaxAnd minimum value σhmaxMaximum angle θ between hydraulic fracture surface and natural fracture surfacemax(ii) a The basic parameters of the target well fracture layer include: young's modulus E, shear angle psi, peak strain of target wellpAngle theta between hydraulic fracture surface and natural fracture surface, maximum horizontal ground stress sigmaHAnd minimum horizontal ground stress σh。
Preferably, the brittleness index B of the target well fracture layerIThe specific calculation method is as follows: b isI＝W1En+W2ψn+W3 pnWherein W is1，W2，W3Is normalized Young's modulus EnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnAnd W is a weight coefficient of1+W2+W3＝1。
Preferably, said normalized Young's modulus EnThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000021
the normalized shear expansion angle psinThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000022
the normalized peak strainpnThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000023
preferably, the fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layernfThe calculation method is as follows: fnf＝W4Fn+W5SIWherein W is4，W5Is the natural fracture factor FnAnd the ground stress factor SIAnd W is a weight coefficient of4+W5＝1。
Preferably, the ground stress factor SIThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000031
the natural fracture factor FnThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000032
wherein σnmIs the maximum natural fracture opening stress value, σ, of the compact oil blocknm＝(σHmax-σhmin)sin2θmax。
Further, the fracture network index F of the target well fracture layerIThe calculation method is as follows: fI＝BI·Fnf。
Further, the index F according to the sewing netIAnd a pre-established seam index FIValue of (D) and ability to form network fracturesThe evaluation of the capability of the target well fracture layer to form network fractures comprises the following steps: when the sewing net index FIAt less than or equal to 0.25, the target well fracture zone is unable to form network fractures; when 0.25<FIAt the time of less than or equal to 0.4, the capability of the target well fracturing layer for forming network fractures is general; when F is presentIAnd when the fracture surface is more than 0.4, the target well fracture layer has stronger capability of forming network fractures.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: provides a method for quantitatively evaluating the capability of forming complex cracks in hydraulic fracturing of a compact oil-gas reservoir. The method can more accurately evaluate the complexity of the compact reservoir fracturing fracture. Specifically, the method comprehensively considers factors such as rock brittleness, natural fracture occurrence and ground stress state, combines the Young modulus, the shear expansion angle and the peak strain of the rock with high brittleness correlation of the compact oil and gas reservoir, and the natural fracture opening and ground stress difference determining the fracture expansion mode to quantitatively evaluate the capacity of forming complex fractures during reservoir fracturing, guide fracturing optimization design, improve the complexity of the fracturing fractures of the compact oil and gas reservoir, and achieve good yield increasing effect.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a method for evaluating the ability of a tight oil and gas fracture to form network fractures provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will describe embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the examples of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The inventionThe invention provides a method for evaluating the capability of forming network cracks by tight oil-gas fracturing, which is used for constructing a crack network index FIPreviously, through a large number of theoretical researches and field practices, it is found that the Young modulus, the shear expansion angle and the peak strain of the rock are factors with high correlation with the brittleness of the rock, and the natural fracture opening and the earth stress difference are main factors for determining the fracture propagation mode. On the basis, a brittleness index B reflecting the brittleness of the rock is constructedIFunction (Young's modulus E)nShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnAs a variable) and a fracture network expansion factor F reflecting the degree of natural fracture development and the state of production and ground stressnfFunction (taking into account the opening of the natural fracture, combined with the difference in ground stress) and further establishing the brittleness index BIGap net expansion factor FnfMesh-sewing index FIThe functional relation between the two, and finally according to the sewing index FIThe ability of the target well fracture layer to form network fractures is evaluated. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the steps of:
the first step is as follows: and acquiring basic parameters of the compact oil zone block to be evaluated and basic parameters of a target well fracturing layer.
The basic parameters of the compact oil block to be evaluated include: maximum value E of Young's modulus of the dense oil blockmaxAnd minimum value EminMaximum value psi of shear expansion anglemaxAnd minimum value psiminMaximum value of peak strainpmaxAnd minimum valuepminMaximum value of horizontal principal stress σHmaxAnd minimum value σhmaxMaximum angle θ between hydraulic fracture surface and natural fracture surfacemaxAnd the like;
the basic parameters of the target well fracture layer include: young's modulus E, shear angle psi, peak strain of target wellpAngle theta between hydraulic fracture surface and natural fracture surface, maximum horizontal ground stress sigmaHAnd minimum horizontal ground stress σhAnd so on.
The second step is that: calculating the normalized Young modulus E of the target well fracturing layer according to the basic parametersnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpn。
First selected by the Young's modulus E of the target fracture layernShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnAnd (3) carrying out normalization operation, unifying the numerical values of the data to be between 0 and 1, unifying the data from different sources to be under a reference system, and specifically calculating the following way:
normalized Young's modulus EnThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000041
normalized shear expansion angle psinThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000042
and normalized peak strainpnThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure BDA0001177141700000043
the third step: young's modulus E according to the above normalizationnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnCalculating the brittleness index B of the target well fracturing layerI；
Brittleness index B of target well fracturing layerIThe specific calculation method of (2) may be: b isI＝W1En+W2ψn+W3 pnWherein W is1，W2，W3Is normalized Young's modulus EnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnAnd W is a weight coefficient of1+W2+W31. In one possible embodiment (e.g., for tight sandstone in a large port field), W may be obtained1＝0.262，W2＝0.353，W3＝0.385。
The fourth step: respectively calculating natural fracture factors F according to the basic parametersnAnd ground stress factor SI；
The ground stress factor SIThe calculation method of (d) may be:
Figure BDA0001177141700000051
the natural fracture factor FnThe calculation formula of (c) may be:
Figure BDA0001177141700000052
wherein σnmIs the maximum natural fracture opening stress value, σ, of the compact oil blocknm＝(σHmax-σhmin)sin2θmax。
The fifth step: according to the natural fracture factor FnAnd ground stress factor SICalculating the fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layernf；
Fracture network expansion factor F of target well fracture layernfThe calculation method is as follows: fnf＝W4Fn+W5SIWherein W is4，W5Is a natural fracture factor FnAnd ground stress factor SIAnd W is a weight coefficient of4+W5In one possible embodiment (e.g., for tight sandstone in large port fields), W may be obtained as 14＝0.52，W5When the value is 0.48, W can be generally used4＝0.5，W5＝0.5。
And a sixth step: according to the above brittleness index BIHemian expansion factor FnfCalculating the fracture network index F of the target well fracturing layerI；
Based on theoretical studies and field practice, F can be usedI＝BI·FnfTo calculate the seam index FI，FIIs between 0 and 1.
The seventh step: according to the seam index FIAnd a pre-established seam index FIThe value of (a) and the capability of forming network fractures, and evaluating the capability of forming network fractures of the target well fracturing layer.
Pre-established seam index FIThe corresponding relation between the value of (A) and the capability of forming the network fracture is established on the basis of researching a large amount of experimental data of a compact oil block to be evaluated and a plurality of fracturing layers and can be used for evaluating the fracturing layers of other target wells in the compact oil block to form the network fractureModel of seam Capacity, seam index FIIs an index for evaluating the network crack forming capability of a target well fracture layer, and is a crack network index FIThe larger the size, the greater the ability of the target well fracture layer to form complex network fractures.
In one possible embodiment, the seam index FIThe correspondence between the value of (d) and the ability to form network fractures may be: when sewing net index FIWhen the fracture surface is less than or equal to 0.25, the target well fracture layer can not form network fractures; when 0.25<FIWhen the fracture surface is less than or equal to 0.4, the capability of the target well fracture layer for forming network fractures is general; when F is presentIAnd when the fracture surface is more than 0.4, the target well fracture layer has stronger capability of forming network fractures.
The following describes the seam-web index embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples:
the basic parameters of a compact oil block in a Hongkong oil field are as follows: the maximum value of the Young modulus is 29038MPa, and the minimum value is 9482 MPa; the maximum value of the shear expansion angle is 6.6 degrees, and the minimum value is 2.2 degrees; the maximum value of the peak value strain is 2.7 percent, the minimum value is 0.5 percent, the maximum value of the horizontal main stress is 70MPa, the minimum value is 50MPa, and the maximum included angle between the hydraulic fracture surface and the natural fracture surface is 90 DEG
The basic parameters of a fracturing layer of a certain fracturing well in the block are as follows: the Young modulus is 23535MPa, the shear expansion angle is 4.2 degrees, the peak strain is 1.43 percent, the included angle between the hydraulic crack surface and the natural crack surface is 45 degrees, the maximum horizontal principal stress is 64MPa, and the minimum horizontal principal stress is 56 MPa.
The normalized Young's modulus E can be calculated respectively according to the above calculation methodnNormalized shear expansion angle psi of 0.719nNormalized peak strain of 0.455pn0.577;
further, a weight coefficient W is taken1＝0.262，W2＝0.353，W3Calculating to obtain a brittleness index B of the reservoir fracturing intervalIIs 0.571;
determining the maximum natural fracture opening stress value sigma of the blocknm20MPa and calculating to obtain a natural fracture factor Fn0.8 and the ground stress factor SIWhen the value is 0.6, then take W4＝0.5，W5Calculating a fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layer as 0.5nf＝0.7；
According to the calculated brittleness index BIHemian expansion factor FnfCalculating the fracture network index F of the target well fracturing layerI＝0.4；
According to a pre-established stitching index F suitable for the compact blockIAnd judging that the capability of the target well fracturing layer for forming the network fracture is stronger according to the corresponding relation between the value of (A) and the capability of forming the network fracture.
On the basis of respectively analyzing the influence of rock brittleness, natural fracture occurrence and ground stress state on complex fractures, the embodiment of the invention integrates three factors to establish a method for quantitatively evaluating the network fracture forming capability of a compact oil and gas reservoir. Specifically, the method comprehensively considers factors such as rock brittleness, natural fracture occurrence and ground stress state, combines the Young modulus, the shear expansion angle and the peak strain of the rock with high brittleness correlation of the compact oil and gas reservoir, and the natural fracture opening and ground stress difference determining the fracture expansion mode to quantitatively evaluate the capacity of forming complex fractures during reservoir fracturing, and provides guidance for fracturing optimization design, so that the complexity of the fracturing fractures of the compact oil and gas reservoir is improved, and a good yield increasing effect is achieved.
The above description is only for facilitating the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for evaluating the ability of tight oil and gas fracturing to form network fractures, the method comprising:
(1) acquiring basic parameters of a compact oil block to be evaluated and basic parameters of a target well fracturing layer;
(2) calculating the normalized Young modulus E of the target well fracturing layer according to the basic parameters of the compact oil zone block and the basic parameters of the target well fracturing layernShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpn(ii) a According to said normalized Young's modulus EnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnCalculating the brittleness index B of the target well fracturing layerI；
(3) Respectively calculating a natural fracture factor F according to the basic parameters of the compact oil zone block and the basic parameters of the target well fracturing layernAnd ground stress factor SIAccording to the natural fracture factor FnAnd the ground stress factor SICalculating a fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layernf；
(4) According to the brittleness index BIAnd the stitch net expansion factor FnfCalculating the fracture network index F of the target well fracturing layerI；
(5) According to the sewing net index FIAnd a pre-established seam index FIThe value of the target well fracture layer and the capability of forming the network fracture are evaluated according to the corresponding relation between the value of the target well fracture layer and the capability of forming the network fracture;
wherein the basic parameters of the compact oil block to be evaluated comprise: maximum value E of Young's modulus of the dense oil blockmaxAnd minimum value EminMaximum value psi of shear expansion anglemaxAnd minimum value psiminMaximum value of peak strainp maxAnd minimum valuep minMaximum value of horizontal principal stress σH maxAnd minimum value σh maxMaximum angle θ between hydraulic fracture surface and natural fracture surfacemax；
The basic parameters of the target well fracture layer include: young's modulus E, shear angle psi, peak strain of target wellpAngle theta between hydraulic fracture surface and natural fracture surface, maximum horizontal ground stress sigmaHAnd minimum horizontal ground stress σh。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the brittleness index B of the target well fracture layerIThe specific calculation method is as follows: b isI＝W1En+W2ψn+W3 pnWherein, in the step (A),W1，W2，W3is normalized Young's modulus EnShear expansion angle psinAnd peak strainpnAnd W is a weight coefficient of1+W2+W3＝1。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the normalized young's modulus EnThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure FDA0002615950360000021
the normalized shear expansion angle psinThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure FDA0002615950360000022
the normalized peak strainpnThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure FDA0002615950360000023
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the fracture network expansion factor F of the target well fracture layernfThe calculation method is as follows: fnf＝W4Fn+W5SIWherein W is4，W5Is the natural fracture factor FnAnd the ground stress factor SIAnd W is a weight coefficient of4+W5＝1。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the ground stress factor SIThe calculation method is as follows:
Figure FDA0002615950360000024
the natural fracture factor FnThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002615950360000025
wherein σnmIs the day with the largest dense oil blockOpening stress value of crack, sigmanm＝(σHmax-σhmin)sin2θmax。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fracture network index F of the target well fracture layerIThe calculation method is as follows: fI＝BI·Fnf。
7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said net according to seam index FIAnd a pre-established seam index FIAnd the ability to form network fractures of the target well fracture layer, the evaluating the ability to form network fractures of the target well fracture layer comprising: when the sewing net index FIAt less than or equal to 0.25, the target well fracture zone is unable to form network fractures; when 0.25<FIAt the time of less than or equal to 0.4, the capability of the target well fracturing layer for forming network fractures is general; when F is presentIAnd when the fracture surface is more than 0.4, the target well fracture layer has stronger capability of forming network fractures.
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