CN108605645A - A kind of Turfan grape trellis inlays photovoltaic panel cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Turfan grape trellis inlays photovoltaic panel cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims description 4
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 206010042496 Sunburn Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 2
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，该方法采用光伏板发电和葡萄栽培相结合，所涉及的葡萄棚架是由框架、葡萄架立柱、钢丝、横梁和桩基组成，通过本发明所述方法表明：葡萄成熟期最热天和普通棚架相比较平均温度降低了5.7摄氏度，土壤水分增加了9.6%，空气湿度增加了11.3%，光照强度降低2.7万勒克斯，葡萄产量达到1820公斤/亩，可溶性固形物在22‑25%之间，平均果穗重475克。该方法操作简单，管理方便，增加架面通风透光利于病虫害防治，有利于葡萄产业发展，克服吐鲁番葡萄栽培小棚架架面低矮，管理和采收困难，光照太强，葡萄果实日灼现象严重等问题。降低了栽培管理成本，还可以利用太阳能进行发电。
The invention relates to a cultivation method for Turpan grape trellises inlaid with photovoltaic panels. The method adopts the combination of photovoltaic panels to generate electricity and viticulture. The involved grape trellises are composed of frames, grape trellis columns, steel wires, beams and pile foundations. The method of the present invention shows that the average temperature in the hottest day of the grape ripening period is reduced by 5.7 degrees centigrade compared with that of ordinary trellises, the soil moisture is increased by 9.6%, the air humidity is increased by 11.3%, the light intensity is reduced by 27,000 lux, and the grape yield reaches 1820 kg/mu, the soluble solid content is between 22‑25%, and the average ear weight is 475 grams. The method is simple to operate and easy to manage. Increasing the ventilation and light transmission of the shelf surface is beneficial to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and the development of the grape industry. serious problems. The cost of cultivation and management is reduced, and solar energy can also be used to generate electricity.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法。The invention relates to a method for cultivating Turpan grape scaffolds embedded with photovoltaic panels.
背景技术Background technique
随着全球经济的高速发展，环境问题日益突出，其中能源的消耗对环境的影响尤为巨大，减少对传统化学能源的依赖，改善能源消费结构，提高光伏、风电等新能源在能源消耗中的比重，已引起全球各国的重视。光伏发电是一种零排放、无污染的理想发电技术。我国是农业大国，光伏发电应用在农业领域，将会带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益，由此光伏农业应运而生。光伏农业是一种新的土地空间综合利用形式，在棚外架设太阳能组件，发展农业的“上发电下养殖”的新格局，实现了农业作物经济和能源发电效益的“双赢”，达到“1+1＞2”的效果，更有效更合理地利用了有限的土地资源。但是目前农光互补仅仅和设施结合，主要应用在食用菌栽培中。关于光伏板和葡萄栽培结合通过科技查新发现国内外没有任何的相关报道。With the rapid development of the global economy, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, among which energy consumption has a particularly large impact on the environment. Reduce dependence on traditional chemical energy, improve energy consumption structure, and increase the proportion of new energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power in energy consumption. , has attracted the attention of countries all over the world. Photovoltaic power generation is an ideal power generation technology with zero emissions and no pollution. my country is a big agricultural country, and the application of photovoltaic power generation in the agricultural field will bring huge economic and social benefits, so photovoltaic agriculture came into being. Photovoltaic agriculture is a new form of comprehensive utilization of land space. Solar modules are installed outside the shed to develop a new pattern of "upper power generation and lower farming" in agriculture, achieving a "win-win" of agricultural crop economy and energy power generation benefits, reaching "1 The effect of +1>2” makes more effective and reasonable use of limited land resources. However, at present, agriculture and light complementarity are only combined with facilities, and are mainly used in the cultivation of edible fungi. Regarding the combination of photovoltaic panels and viticulture, there are no relevant reports at home and abroad through scientific and technological novelty checks.
吐鲁番是欧亚大陆腹地的内陆盆地之一，由于地形低且闭塞，因此具有显著的大陆性盆地气候特点：极端干旱，夏季酷热，历年最高气温在48摄氏度左右，日最高气温大于40摄氏度的时间每年都在一个月左右。昼夜温差较大，日照充足，年日照时数达3000小时以上，阳光热辐射量139.5卡/平方厘米，丰富的光热资源成为大力发展光伏农业的先天优势。葡萄是吐鲁番地区的主要经济树种，长期以来吐鲁番葡萄栽培以小棚架为主，小棚架具有防风效果好、用材较少等特点，但架面低矮，不便于管理和采收，此外小棚架容易架面郁闭，不利于通风透光病虫害严重，吐鲁番夏季日照辐射过剩，葡萄果实日灼严重，叶片“光合午休”现象时间长。如何能够减轻劳动强度，适合机械管理、开展省力化栽培，同时又能保证产量和品质是葡萄生产上亟待解决的问题。利用葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板进行架面改革将对吐鲁番葡萄产业的省力化栽培、社会稳定与长治久安和扶贫攻坚改善各族人民生活都具有重要的现实意义。Turpan is one of the inland basins in the hinterland of Eurasia. Due to its low terrain and occlusion, it has obvious continental basin climate characteristics: extreme drought, hot summer, the highest temperature over the years is about 48 degrees Celsius, and the highest daily temperature is greater than 40 degrees Celsius. The time is about one month every year. The temperature difference between day and night is large, the sunshine is sufficient, the annual sunshine hours are more than 3000 hours, and the solar thermal radiation is 139.5 cal/cm2. Abundant light and heat resources have become the inherent advantages of vigorously developing photovoltaic agriculture. Grape is the main economic tree species in Turpan area. For a long time, grape cultivation in Turpan has been dominated by small trellises. Small trellises have the characteristics of good windproof effect and less materials. The scaffolding is easy to close the surface, which is not conducive to ventilation and light transmission. There are serious diseases and insect pests. In Turpan, there is excess solar radiation in summer, the grapes are severely sunburned, and the "photosynthetic lunch break" of the leaves lasts for a long time. How to reduce the labor intensity, be suitable for mechanical management, carry out labor-saving cultivation, and at the same time ensure the yield and quality is an urgent problem to be solved in grape production. Using grape trellises embedded with photovoltaic panels to carry out trellis surface reform will have important practical significance for the labor-saving cultivation of the grape industry in Turpan, social stability and long-term stability, and poverty alleviation and improvement of the lives of people of all ethnic groups.
常规吐鲁番葡萄栽培采用低矮的小棚架，根柱高度100厘米，前柱高度120厘米，架面下人无法直立行走，很不利于人为栽培管理，更不利于机械化，此外吐鲁番地区光热资源超饱和，在葡萄上常常出现叶片“光合午休”和果实日灼现象；常规光伏板的架设通常选择在戈壁，远离城乡，产生的电能输送成本大，损耗高，而且很难销纳。Conventional grape cultivation in Turpan adopts low and small trellises with a root height of 100 cm and a front height of 120 cm. People under the trellis cannot walk upright, which is not conducive to human cultivation and management, let alone mechanization. In addition, the light and heat resources in Turpan area Super saturated, the phenomenon of "photosynthetic lunch break" of leaves and sunburn of fruits often occurs on grapes; conventional photovoltaic panels are usually erected in the Gobi, far away from urban and rural areas, and the power transmission costs and losses generated are high, and it is difficult to sell.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于，提供一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板的栽培方法，该方法将光伏板发电和葡萄栽培结合起来，所涉及的葡萄棚架是由框架、葡萄架立柱、钢丝、横梁和桩基组成，在葡萄架立柱的顶端固定有框架，光伏板镶嵌在框架上，该方法不仅增高了葡萄架面，便于人为操作管理，机械化埋土出土，增加架面通风透光利于病虫害防治，减少了葡萄果实日灼现象，降低了栽培管理成本，还可以利用太阳能进行发电，通过本发明所述方法葡萄成熟期最热天和普通棚架相比较平均温度降低了5.7摄氏度，土壤水分增加了9.6％，空气湿度增加了11.3％，光照强度降低2.7万勒克斯，五年生无核白葡萄产量达到1820公斤/亩，可溶性固形物在22-25％之间，平均果穗重475克。该方法操作简单，管理方便，有利于葡萄产业发展，克服吐鲁番葡萄栽培中小棚架架面低矮，管理和采收困难，光照太强，葡萄果实日灼现象严重等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for Turpan grape trellis inlaid with photovoltaic panels, which combines photovoltaic panel power generation and viticulture. The frame is fixed on the top of the column of the grape trellis, and the photovoltaic panels are embedded on the frame. This method not only increases the surface of the grape trellis, but also facilitates human operation and management. The sunburn phenomenon of grape fruit is reduced, the cost of cultivation and management is reduced, and solar energy can also be used to generate electricity. Compared with ordinary trellises, the average temperature of the hottest day in the ripening period of grapes by the method of the present invention is reduced by 5.7 degrees Celsius, and the soil moisture is increased by 9.6%. , the air humidity increased by 11.3%, the light intensity decreased by 27,000 lux, the five-year-old seedless white grape yield reached 1820 kg/mu, the soluble solids were between 22-25%, and the average ear weight was 475 grams. The method is simple in operation and convenient in management, is beneficial to the development of the grape industry, and overcomes the problems of low surface of small and medium-sized scaffolds for grape cultivation in Turpan, difficulties in management and harvesting, too strong sunlight, and serious sunburn of grape fruits.
本发明所述的一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，该方法采用光伏板发电和葡萄栽培相结合，所涉及的葡萄棚架是由框架、葡萄架立柱、钢丝、横梁和桩基组成，在葡萄架立柱(4)的顶端固定有框架(2)，葡萄架立柱(4)的底部与桩基(5)连接，光伏板(1)镶嵌在框架(2)上，具体操作按下列步骤进行：A method for cultivating Turpan grape trellises inlaid with photovoltaic panels according to the present invention, the method adopts the combination of photovoltaic panels to generate electricity and viticulture, and the involved grape trellises are composed of frames, grape trellis columns, steel wires, beams and pile foundations , the frame (2) is fixed on the top of the grape trellis column (4), the bottom of the grape trellis column (4) is connected with the pile foundation (5), and the photovoltaic panel (1) is embedded on the frame (2), the specific operation is as follows Steps to proceed:
a、选择地势平坦，光照充足，土壤地下水位深不易积水的地域，进行葡萄棚架的架设；a. Choose an area with flat terrain, sufficient light, and deep groundwater level that is not easy to accumulate water to erect the grape trellis;
b、葡萄棚架的架设选择东西行向作为栽植行，栽植沟采用滴灌，沟灌区域的栽植沟深度40cm，宽度50cm，葡萄架立柱(4)距离栽植沟30cm，葡萄架立柱(4)与葡萄架立柱(4)之间间隔400cm；B, the erection of the grape trellise selects the east-west direction as the planting row, the planting ditch adopts drip irrigation, the depth of the planting ditch in the furrow irrigation area is 40cm, and the width is 50cm. 400cm interval between frame columns (4);
c、选择葡萄架立柱(4)高度为300cm，将葡萄架立柱(4)底部连接的桩基(5)埋入地下200cm，桩基(5)露出地面部分为30cm，桩基(5)露出地面部分随地形调整长度，葡萄架立柱(4)沿地面由下而上在170cm处架设横梁(3)，横梁(3)跨度500cm，横梁(3)的另一端与纵向和横向葡萄架立柱(4)连接，横梁(3)与地面水平夹角为5°，在横梁(3)上每间隔50cm铺设一道钢丝(6)；c. Select the height of the grape trellis column (4) to be 300cm, bury the pile foundation (5) connected to the bottom of the grape trellis pillar (4) 200cm underground, the pile foundation (5) is 30cm above the ground, and the pile foundation (5) is exposed The ground part adjusts the length with the topography, and the grape trellis column (4) erects a crossbeam (3) at 170cm from bottom to top along the ground, and the crossbeam (3) spans 500cm, and the other end of the crossbeam (3) is connected to the vertical and horizontal grape trellis pillars ( 4) connection, the horizontal angle between the beam (3) and the ground is 5°, and a steel wire (6) is laid every 50cm on the beam (3);
d、葡萄架立柱(4)的顶端通过框架(2)镶嵌光伏板(1)，光伏板(1)的长度164cm，宽度81cm，光伏板(1)的板面朝南，光伏板(1)与葡萄架立柱(4)之间夹角为36°，光伏板(1)与光伏板(1)之间的距离为100cm；d. The top of the grape trellis column (4) is inlaid with a photovoltaic panel (1) through the frame (2). The length of the photovoltaic panel (1) is 164cm and the width is 81cm. The surface of the photovoltaic panel (1) faces south, and the photovoltaic panel (1) The angle between it and the grape trellis column (4) is 36°, and the distance between the photovoltaic panel (1) and the photovoltaic panel (1) is 100cm;
e、葡萄采用独龙干整形方式，株距50cm进行栽植，在横梁(3)上每间隔50cm留一个龙爪(7)，龙爪(7)在横梁(3)上呈扇形排布，通过抹芽、摘心、打卷须、定梢和及时绑蔓进行田间管理，防止卷须和枝叶遮挡光伏板(1)，并同时进行葡萄栽培和光伏发电。e. Grapes are planted with Dulong dry shaping method, planting at a distance of 50cm, leaving a dragon claw (7) at an interval of 50cm on the beam (3), and the dragon claws (7) are arranged in a fan shape on the beam (3). , topping, making tendrils, fixing shoots and tying tendrils in time for field management, preventing tendrils and branches and leaves from covering the photovoltaic panel (1), and simultaneously carrying out viticulture and photovoltaic power generation.
本发明所述的一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，该方法采用结合一定的倾斜角度增高葡萄架面，架面上镶嵌100厘米/个的光伏板，然后进行正常的葡萄田间管理，包括葡萄出土去覆盖、抹芽、定梢、摘心、疏花序、疏果、副梢管理、土肥水管理、病虫害防治、中耕除草，其结果：母枝萌芽率在61％，叶片生长速率4.6毫米/天，叶片发育完全需要30天，叶绿素(SPAD值)38.38，净光合速率32.29μmol/(m2﹒s)，蒸腾速率6.09mmol/(m2﹒s)，葡萄成熟期最热天和普通棚架相比较平均温度降低了5.7摄氏度，土壤水分增加了9.6％，空气湿度增加了11.3％，光照强度降低2.7万勒克斯，五年生无核白葡萄产量达到1820公斤/亩，可溶性固形物在22-25％之间，平均果穗重475克。该方法很好的结合了吐鲁番支柱产业和光热气候资源，很适合进行西北干旱区葡萄架面改革实施省力化栽培和利用光伏板进行太阳能发电。A kind of cultivation method of Turpan grape trellis inlaid with photovoltaic panels according to the present invention, the method adopts a certain inclination angle to increase the surface of the grape trellis, inlaid with 100 cm/piece of photovoltaic panels on the trellis surface, and then carries out normal grape field management, Including grape unearthed and mulched, bud smearing, shoot fixing, topping, inflorescence thinning, fruit thinning, auxiliary shoot management, soil fertilizer and water management, disease and insect pest control, intertillage and weeding, the results: the germination rate of mother branches is 61%, and the leaf growth rate is 4.6 mm /day, it takes 30 days for the leaves to fully develop, chlorophyll (SPAD value) is 38.38, net photosynthetic rate is 32.29μmol/(m 2 .s), transpiration rate is 6.09mmol/(m 2 .s), the hottest day and ordinary shed Compared with the shelf, the average temperature decreased by 5.7 degrees Celsius, the soil moisture increased by 9.6%, the air humidity increased by 11.3%, and the light intensity decreased by 27,000 lux. Between 25%, the average ear weight is 475 grams. This method is a good combination of Turpan's pillar industries and light and heat climate resources, and it is very suitable for the reform of the grape trellis surface in the arid area of Northwest China, the implementation of labor-saving cultivation and the use of photovoltaic panels for solar power generation.
本发明所述的一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，该方法不仅增高了葡萄架面，便于人为操作管理，机械化埋土出土，增加架面通风透光利于病虫害防治，减少了葡萄果实日灼现象，降低了栽培管理成本，还可以利用太阳能进行发电，光伏板间距100cm铺设，在吐鲁番发电约2.91万度/亩·年；可为农民每亩补贴约100元/亩·年。本方法操作简单管理方便，一方面有利于葡萄产业发展，契合了架面改革，增高葡萄架面，使得产业省力化栽培得以实现；另一方面响应国家号召建设生态农业，将分布式光伏发电与农户扶贫、新农村建设、边疆稳定促进农村各族居民生活改善和农业农村发展结合。很适合于“政府+企业+农户”进行大规模产业调整。A kind of cultivation method of Turpan grape trellis inlaid with photovoltaic panels according to the present invention, the method not only increases the surface of the grape trellis, is convenient for human operation and management, but also can be mechanized to bury the soil and unearthed. The sunburn phenomenon reduces the cost of cultivation and management, and can also use solar energy to generate electricity. The photovoltaic panels are laid at a distance of 100cm, and the power generation in Turpan is about 29,100 kWh/mu per year; it can subsidize farmers about 100 yuan per mu per mu per year. This method is easy to operate and manage. On the one hand, it is beneficial to the development of the grape industry, and it is in line with the reform of the shelf surface, increasing the height of the grape shelf, so that the industrial labor-saving cultivation can be realized; on the other hand, it responds to the national call for the construction of ecological agriculture. Poverty alleviation for farmers, construction of new countryside, and border stability promote the improvement of the lives of residents of all ethnic groups in rural areas and the integration of agricultural and rural development. It is very suitable for "government + enterprise + farmers" to carry out large-scale industrial adjustment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所在推广示范区域葡光互补栽培架面俯视图片；Fig. 1 is the top view picture of the grape light complementary cultivation frame surface in the popularization demonstration area where the present invention is located;
图2为本发明葡光互补栽培架面结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of the grape light complementary cultivation rack of the present invention;
图3本发明葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板侧面示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a grape trellis inlaid with a photovoltaic panel of the present invention;
图4为本发明葡萄架立柱与横梁连接示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the column of the grape trellis and the beam of the present invention;
图5为本发明桩基示意图；Fig. 5 is the pile foundation schematic diagram of the present invention;
图6为本发明桩基柱脚地下部分示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the underground part of the pile foot of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例Example
本发明所述的一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，该方法采用光伏板发电和葡萄栽培相结合，所涉及的葡萄棚架是由框架、葡萄架立柱、钢丝、横梁和桩基组成，在葡萄架立柱4的顶端固定有框架2，葡萄架立柱4的底部与桩基5连接，光伏板1镶嵌在框架2上，具体操作按下列步骤进行：A method for cultivating Turpan grape trellises inlaid with photovoltaic panels according to the present invention, the method adopts the combination of photovoltaic panels to generate electricity and viticulture, and the involved grape trellises are composed of frames, grape trellis columns, steel wires, beams and pile foundations , a frame 2 is fixed on the top of the grape trellis column 4, the bottom of the grape trellis column 4 is connected with the pile foundation 5, and the photovoltaic panel 1 is embedded on the frame 2, and the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a、选择地势平坦，光照充足，土壤地下水位深不易积水的地域，进行葡萄棚架的架设；a. Choose an area with flat terrain, sufficient light, and deep groundwater level that is not easy to accumulate water to erect the grape trellis;
b、葡萄棚架的架设选择东西行向作为栽植行，栽植沟采用滴灌，沟灌区域的栽植沟深度40cm，宽度50cm，葡萄架立柱4距离栽植沟30cm，葡萄架立柱4与葡萄架立柱4之间间隔400cm；b. The erection of the grape trellis chooses the east-west direction as the planting row, the planting ditch adopts drip irrigation, the depth of the planting ditch in the furrow irrigation area is 40cm, the width is 50cm, the distance between the grape trellis column 4 and the planting ditch is 30cm, between the grape trellis column 4 and the grape trellis column 4 Interval 400cm;
c、选择葡萄架立柱4高度为300cm，将葡萄架立柱4底部连接的桩基5埋入地下200cm，桩基5用C25钢筋混凝土浇筑，HPB300和HRB335级钢筋，桩基5露出地面部分为30cm，桩基5露出地面部分随地形调整长度，葡萄架立柱4沿地面由下而上在170cm处架设横梁3，横梁3跨度500cm，横梁3的另一端与纵向和横向葡萄架立柱4连接，横梁3与地面水平夹角为5°，在横梁3上每间隔50cm铺设一道钢丝6；c. Select the height of the grape trellis column 4 as 300cm, bury the pile foundation 5 connected to the bottom of the grape trellis column 4 200cm underground, pour the pile foundation 5 with C25 reinforced concrete, HPB300 and HRB335 steel bars, and the exposed part of the pile foundation 5 is 30cm , the pile foundation 5 is exposed to the ground and the length is adjusted according to the terrain. The grape trellis column 4 is erected at 170cm along the ground from bottom to top. The beam 3 has a span of 500cm. 3. The horizontal angle with the ground is 5°, and a steel wire 6 is laid every 50cm on the beam 3;
d、葡萄架立柱4的顶端通过框架2镶嵌光伏板1，光伏板1的长度164cm，宽度81cm，光伏板1的板面朝南，光伏板1与葡萄架立柱4之间夹角为36°，光伏板1与光伏板1之间的距离为100cm；d. The top of the grape trellis column 4 is inlaid with a photovoltaic panel 1 through the frame 2. The length of the photovoltaic panel 1 is 164cm and the width is 81cm. The surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 faces south, and the angle between the photovoltaic panel 1 and the grape trellis column 4 is 36° , the distance between photovoltaic panel 1 and photovoltaic panel 1 is 100cm;
e、葡萄采用独龙干整形方式，株距50cm进行栽植，在横梁3上每间隔50cm留一个龙爪7，龙爪7在横梁3上呈扇形排布，通过抹芽、摘心、打卷须、定梢和及时绑蔓田间管理，防止卷须和枝叶遮挡光伏板1，并同时进行葡萄栽培和光伏发电。e. Grapes are planted with Dulong dry plastic method, planting at a distance of 50cm, leaving a dragon claw 7 at an interval of 50cm on the beam 3, and the dragon claws 7 are arranged in a fan shape on the beam 3, through bud smearing, topping, tendrils, and shoots And timely tie vine field management to prevent tendrils and branches from covering the photovoltaic panel 1, and carry out viticulture and photovoltaic power generation at the same time.
本发明所述的一种吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，该方法的特点为：A method for cultivating Turpan grape trellises inlaid with photovoltaic panels according to the present invention is characterized by:
本发明采用吐鲁番葡萄棚架镶嵌光伏板栽培方法，有效的将葡萄种植和光伏板发电结合起来，还根据葡萄在吐鲁番对光的需求，确定PHC管桩(葡萄架面架跟、架梢)高度以及光伏板组件阵列距离。通过不同光伏板阵列距离组合的选择，葡萄出土后结果母枝萌芽率在61％，叶片生长速率4.6毫米/天，叶片发育完全需要30天，叶绿素(SPAD值)38.38，净光合速率32.29μmol/(m2﹒s)，蒸腾速率6.09mmol/(m2﹒s)，葡萄成熟期最热天和普通棚架相比较平均温度降低了5.7摄氏度，土壤水分增加了9.6％，空气湿度增加了11.3％，光照强度降低2.7万勒克斯，葡萄产量达到1820公斤/亩，可溶性固形物在22-25％之间，平均果穗重475克。葡萄产量和果实品质与未架设光伏板葡萄园保持一致。The present invention adopts the cultivation method of the Turpan grape trellis inlaid with photovoltaic panels, effectively combines grape planting and photovoltaic panel power generation, and also determines the height of the PHC pipe pile (grape trellis surface frame heel, frame tip) according to the light demand of the grapes in Turpan And the array distance of photovoltaic panel components. Through the selection of different combinations of photovoltaic panel array distances, the germination rate of the mother branch of the grapes after unearthed is 61%, the leaf growth rate is 4.6 mm/day, it takes 30 days for the leaves to fully develop, the chlorophyll (SPAD value) is 38.38, and the net photosynthetic rate is 32.29 μmol/day (m 2 .s), the transpiration rate is 6.09mmol/(m 2 .s), the average temperature of the hottest day during the grape ripening period is 5.7 degrees Celsius lower than that of ordinary trellises, the soil moisture is increased by 9.6%, and the air humidity is increased by 11.3% , the light intensity was reduced by 27,000 lux, the grape yield reached 1820 kg/mu, the soluble solids were between 22-25%, and the average ear weight was 475 grams. Grape yield and fruit quality are consistent with those of vineyards without photovoltaic panels.
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