CN108596892A - A kind of identification of Weld Defects based on improvement LeNet-5 models - Google Patents
A kind of identification of Weld Defects based on improvement LeNet-5 models Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving 5 models of LeNet, first against weld seam gray level image, improvement is made to the input in the 5 model tradition convolution kernel channels LeNet, gray level image is converted into coloured image by virtual color display technology, and using obtained coloured image as the input of neural network;Then improvement is made to 5 model convolution kernels of LeNet, adds the convolution kernel channel with Gabor filter;In neural network layer 6, the feature that multiple channels obtain is merged, obtains characteristic set T;Finally, SoftMax graders are used in neural network layer 7 (output layer), obtains the defect type of weld seam and its belongs to probability of all categories, for comment piece personnel to judge that egative film type and the formulation of live reworking plan provide reference.The present invention improves neural network characteristics extractability, to improve the accuracy of defect recognition;The probability that recognition result belongs to certain classification with defect provides, to comment piece personnel to provide more from the reference information divided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Welding Line Flaw Detection technical fields, and in particular to a kind of based on the weld seam for improving LeNet-5 models
Defect identification method.
Background technology
In weld defect automatic identification field, conventional method will inevitably undergo the process of artificial selected characteristic, should
Process time and effort consuming, and whether the selection of feature rationally has prodigious subjectivity, has larger impact for recognition correct rate.
Weld image is gray level image, and gray level image is directly inputted in neural network, and there are primitive character characterizations not
Enough abundant problems.
The convolution kernel that existing convolutional neural networks often rely on single type carries out convolution process, is easy to cause feature extraction
Insufficient problem, to influence the accuracy of defect recognition.
Meanwhile at present due to relevant policies specification, defect type must be by commenting piece personnel to judge, the knot of defect inspection
Fruit is only as the reference for commenting piece personnel.Automatic identification algorithm is mostly only to provide a kind of final recognition result at present, lacks result
The quantificational description of probability comments the value that piece personnel can refer to limited, and is unfavorable for formulating reworking plan.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of based on improvement
The identification of Weld Defects of LeNet-5 models avoids the process of the artificial selected characteristic of conventional method;And pass through pseudo-colours
Converter technique has expanded the information content of neural network input, by adding the convolutional channel of Gabor filter, makes nerve after improvement
Network had not only had traditional convolution kernel channel, but also had Gabor filter channel, neural network characteristics extractability was improved, to carry
The accuracy of high defect recognition;The probability that recognition result belongs to certain classification with defect provides, for comment piece personnel provide more from
The reference information divided.
The present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of identification of Weld Defects based on improvement LeNet-5 models is right first against weld seam gray level image
Improvement is made in the input in LeNet-5 model tradition convolution kernels channel, and weld seam gray level image is converted by virtual color display technology
For coloured image, and using obtained coloured image as the input of neural network tradition convolutional channel;Then to LeNet-5 models
Convolution kernel makes improvement, adds the convolutional channel with Gabor filter;In neural network layer 6, two channels are obtained
Feature merged to obtain characteristic set T;Finally, SoftMax graders are used in neural network output layer, obtains weld seam
Defect type and its belong to probability of all categories, for comment piece personnel to judge that egative film type and live reworking plan formulation provide
With reference to.
Specifically, by gray level image by virtual color display technology, RGB color transformation is carried out to original-gray image, and
Obtained coloured image is specific as follows as the input of neural network:
S101, it obtains comprising crackle, does not merge, is lack of penetration, elongated or circular flaw type weld seam detection gray scale image;
S102, weld seam detection gray level image is subjected to RGB color space transformation, then is input to LeNet-5 model conventional rolls
Product core channel.
Further, gray level image pseudocolor transformation, the three-component change of red, green, blue are realized using pixel itself converter technique
Exchange the letters number is as follows:
Wherein, f (x, y) is the gray value at gray-scale map picture point (x, y).
Specifically, on the basis of LeNet-5 models, the Gabor filter convolutional channel with different directions is built, i.e.,
Convolution is carried out to input picture using Gabor filter in the channel first layer, the characteristics of for weld defect edge blurry, is adopted
Feature extraction is carried out to imaginary part with Gabor filter.
Further, specific as follows to imaginary part progress feature extraction using Gabor filter:
Wherein, x '=xcos θ+sin θ;Y '=- xsin θ+cos θ;λ, θ, ψ, σ, γ are respectively wavelength, direction, and phase is inclined
It moves, the standard deviation and length-width ratio of Gaussian function.
Further, the direction of Gabor filter convolutional channel is 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree.
Specifically, structure has 7 layers of structure and includes the binary channels god in traditional convolution kernel channel and Gabor filter channel
Through network model, the feature that each channel obtains is merged in neural network layer 6, obtains twin-channel characteristic set
T。
Specifically, using SoftMax multi classifiers, the probability of the corresponding output result Yi of i-th kind of defect of image is obtained
Information P (Y=Yi), the result type based on Probability Forms is obtained, to comment piece personnel to judge egative film type, live reworking plan system
It is fixed that reference is provided.
Further, probabilistic information P (Y=Yi) mathematic(al) representation it is as follows:
Wherein, YiThe corresponding output of i-th kind of defect of image is indicated as a result, i=1,2,3,4,5,6, K be classification number.
Compared with prior art, the present invention at least has the advantages that:
The present invention is a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, first against weld seam gray level image,
Improvement is made to the input in LeNet-5 model tradition convolution kernels channel, gray level image is converted to by virtual color display technology
Coloured image, and using obtained coloured image as the input of neural network;Then LeNet-5 model convolution kernels are made and changes
Into convolutional channel of the addition with Gabor filter;In neural network layer 6, the feature that multiple channels obtain is melted
It closes;Finally the feature after fusion is input in SoftMax multi classifiers, obtain the defect type of weld seam and its belongs to all kinds of
Other probability, for comment piece personnel to judge that egative film type and the formulation of live reworking plan provide reference, weld seam egative film is defeated
Enter to before neural network, it is pre-processed, i.e., is the cromogram of RGB triple channels by single pass greyscale image transitions
Picture has expanded the information content of input picture;It is added to the convolutional channel with Gabor cores, enhances neural network characteristics extraction
Ability, avoid the process of artificial selected characteristic, for comment piece personnel judge defect type more sufficient information is provided, be alternative
The formulation of reworking plan provides reference.
Further, coloured image has more abundant information than gray level image, will especially in terms of details characterization
Input of the coloured image as neural network enhances ability to express of the image to weld seam internal flaw.
It further, can be to avoid artificial in conventional method when weld defect being identified using convolutional neural networks
Extraction characteristic procedure;Since original weld image is gray level image, directly it is entered into neural network, there are original welderings
The insufficient problem of seam defect information representation has higher requirement to the ability in feature extraction of neural network.
Further, in order to obtain feature of the image along different directions, and also to which set direction is avoided excessively to be led
The problem of feature redundancy of cause, choice direction are that the filter in 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree direction carries out feature extraction.
Further, it by traditional convolution kernel and different from Gabor filter convolution nuclear structure, can extract accordingly not
Same feature enhances the ability in feature extraction of model using binary channels neural network model;The feature that each channel is obtained
It is merged, obtains twin-channel characteristic set T so that the characteristics of image extracted is more fully.
Further, using SoftMax multi classifiers, defect type and its probability are obtained, to comment piece personnel to provide
More from point reference information.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is neural network model figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is original weld image recognition correct rate figure under different iterations on LeNet-5 models;
Fig. 4 is image recognition correct rate figure under different iterations on LeNet-5 models after virtual color display;
Fig. 5 is image recognition correct rate figure under different iterations on LeNet-5 models after improvement after virtual color display.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, for weld seam gray-scale map
Picture makes improvement to the input in LeNet-5 model tradition convolution kernels channel, i.e., by gray level image by virtual color display technology,
Coloured image is converted to, and using obtained coloured image as the input of neural network;LeNet-5 model convolution kernels are made and are changed
Into, convolutional channel of the addition with Gabor filter, and in neural network layer 6, the feature that multiple channels are obtained carries out
Fusion;SoftMax multi classifiers, the defect for obtaining weld seam is used to belong to probability of all categories in output layer.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, including following step
Suddenly:
S1, it is directed to weld seam gray level image, improvement is made to the input in traditional convolution kernel channel of LeNet-5 models, i.e., will
Gray level image carries out RGB color transformation by virtual color display technology, to original-gray image, and obtained coloured image is made
For the input of neural network tradition convolutional channel;
S101, it obtains and is examined comprising defect type (such as crackle does not merge, is lack of penetration, elongated defect, circular flaw) weld seam
Survey gray scale image;
S102, it proposes weld seam gray level image carrying out RGB color space transformation so that image has than original-gray image
More information, then it is input to LeNet-5 model tradition convolution kernels channel.
Wherein pixel itself converter technique is used to realize gray level image pseudocolor transformation, the three-component transforming function transformation function of red, green, blue
As follows:
Wherein, f (x, y) is the gray value at gray-scale map picture point (x, y).
S2, improvement is made to LeNet-5 model convolution kernels, add the convolutional channel with Gabor filter, make nerve net
The existing traditional convolution kernel channel of network, and there is Gabor filter convolutional channel, to enhance the ability in feature extraction of model;
It is proposed on the basis of LeNet-5 models, input layer with output interlayer structure size be 5 × 5 and with 4 kinds not
The convolutional channel of equidirectional (0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree of directions) Gabor filter, and determine each layer Gabor filter ginseng
Number, each layer filter construction are as shown in Figure 2;The characteristics of for weld defect edge blurry, is carried out using Gabor filter imaginary part
Feature extraction, shown in mathematic(al) representation such as formula (2):
Wherein, x '=xcos θ+sin θ;Y '=- xsin θ+cos θ;λ, θ, ψ, σ, γ are respectively wavelength, direction, and phase is inclined
It moves, the standard deviation and length-width ratio of Gaussian function.
S3, on the basis of LeNet-5 models, build the binary channels neural network model with 7 layers of structure, i.e. model includes
Traditional convolution kernel channel and Gabor cores channel, realize feature extraction;Wherein, multiple channels are obtained in neural network layer 6
Feature merged, obtain two channels characteristic set T;
S301, structure binary channels convolutional neural networks model (had not only had traditional convolution kernel channel, but also with Gabor filtering
The model of the convolutional channel of device) it is 6 layers first;
S302, the feature for extracting each channel carry out Fusion Features at the 6th layer, obtain characteristic set T.
S4, it is to obtain weld defect classification results and its probabilistic information, using SoftMax multi classifiers, in network the 7th
Layer is classified, and be can get the defect type of weld seam and its is belonged to probability of all categories, to comment piece personnel to judge egative film type, showing
Field reworking plan, which is formulated, provides reference.
To obtain each defect classification results Yi(YiIndicate image theiThe corresponding output of kind of defect is as a result, wherein i=1, and 2,3,
4,5,6) probabilistic information P (Y=Yi), using SoftMax multi classifiers, obtain output YiProbability, probabilistic information P (Y=
Yi) mathematic(al) representation it is as follows:
Wherein, K is classification number.
The result type based on Probability Forms is obtained, to comment piece personnel to judge that egative film type, live reworking plan formulation carry
For reference.
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being described and shown in usually here in attached drawing is real
Applying the component of example can be arranged and be designed by a variety of different configurations.Therefore, the present invention to providing in the accompanying drawings below
The detailed description of embodiment be not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but be merely representative of the selected of the present invention
Embodiment.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts
The every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
First, it is coloured image by greyscale image transitions by the pixel Self-variation method based on rgb space, and will
Input of the coloured image arrived as neural network.
Later, on the basis of LeNet-5 models, addition contains four direction (0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree)
The convolutional channel of Gabor filter carries out image using Gabor filter in Gabor filter convolutional channel first layer
Convolution, and merge the feature that multiple channels are extracted in layer 6, obtain improved convolutional neural networks.
Feature after fusion is input in SoftMax multi classifiers, the defect for obtaining weld seam belongs to of all categories general
Rate.
It is illustrated below with specific example, it is 32x32 weld images to choose 626 small greatly, wherein being split comprising 153
Print image, 87 non-blending images, 180 lack of penetration images, 64 elongated defect maps, 94 circular flaw figures.It is wherein all kinds of
80% is not accounted for by training set, test set accounts for 20% pro rate.Finally, training set totally 488, test set are schemed for 138 totally
Picture.
Training set picture is input in LeNet-5, the accuracy that observing and nursing identifies on test set, in different iteration
Recognition correct rate shown in Fig. 2 can be obtained under number.
As seen from Figure 2, directly original weld image is input in neural network, in 180 times to 200 times iteration mistakes
The accuracy of Cheng Zhong, defect recognition maintain 71% or so, and the correct recognition rata of defect classification is relatively low.
For weld seam original image, [0,1] section is normalized to according to formula (1) using pixel transformation into itself's method
R, the value of G, B all, and the value of R, G, B all is multiplied by obtain behind 255 and rounding and is used as coloured image RGB triple channel values, i.e., it will weldering
Seam original-gray image is changed into the coloured image with RGB triple channels, then obtained coloured image training set collection is input to
In LeNet-5 models, under different iterations, the recognition correct rate on test set is observed, can be obtained as shown in Figure 3
As a result.
By the result of Fig. 3 it is found that when original image is after pseudocolor transformation, then it is input in LeNet-5 models and carries out
Identification, accuracy reaches 80% or more after 200 iteration, and under 160 times to 200 times iterations, and accuracy maintains
80% or so.It can be seen that after being input to again in LeNet-5 models after original weld image diameter pseudocolor transformation, weld seam lacks
Sunken recognition correct rate, which has, to be obviously improved, but the accuracy compared with conventional method also has a certain distance.
Improvement is made to LeNet-5 models, convolutional channel of the addition with Gabor filter between input and output, and
Coloured image training set after virtual color display is input in improved LeNet-5 models, it is corresponding with most probable value
Defect type is output type, and observation test set obtains recognition correct rate as shown in Figure 4 in different iteration.
As shown in Figure 4, defect recognition accuracy further rises, and reaches 90% or more.
It is the recognition result for randomly selecting 3 images in table 1
Obtain the output valve Y of neural networki, and the probability that a certain image belongs to i-th kind of defect has been obtained according to formula (3)
P (Y=Yi), to comment piece personnel to provide more detailed reference information.
The problem of needing artificial selected characteristic the invention avoids traditional shortcoming identification;Convolutional neural networks input figure is expanded
The information content of picture has been extracted compared with the more sufficient features of LeNet-5.It is demonstrated experimentally that the present invention defect recognition rate compared with
LeNet-5 models, which have, to be obviously improved.
The above content is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited with this, every to press
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical solution each falls within claims of the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, which is characterized in that first against weld seam gray-scale map
Picture makes improvement to the input in LeNet-5 model tradition convolution kernels channel, weld seam gray level image is passed through virtual color display technology
Coloured image is converted to, and using obtained coloured image as the input of neural network tradition convolutional channel;Then to LeNet-5
Model convolution kernel makes improvement, adds the convolutional channel with Gabor filter;In neural network layer 6, by two channels
Obtained feature is merged to obtain characteristic set T;Finally, SoftMax graders are used in neural network output layer, is welded
The defect type of seam and its belong to probability of all categories, for comment piece personnel to judge that egative film type and live reworking plan are formulated
Reference is provided.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In by gray level image by virtual color display technology, RGB color transformation, and the colour that will be obtained are carried out to original-gray image
Input of the image as neural network tradition convolutional channel, it is specific as follows:
S101, it obtains comprising crackle, does not merge, is lack of penetration, elongated or circular flaw type weld seam detection gray scale image;
S102, weld seam detection gray level image is subjected to RGB color space transformation, then is input to LeNet-5 model tradition convolution kernels
Channel.
3. according to claim 2 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In using pixel itself converter technique realization gray level image pseudocolor transformation, the three-component transforming function transformation function of red, green, blue is as follows:
Wherein, f (x, y) is the gray value at gray-scale map picture point (x, y).
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In on the basis of LeNet-5 models, building the convolutional channel of the Gabor filter with different directions, i.e., in the channel the
One layer carries out convolution using Gabor filter to input picture, the characteristics of for weld defect edge blurry, is filtered using Gabor
Wave device carries out feature extraction to imaginary part.
5. according to claim 4 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In specific as follows to imaginary part progress feature extraction using Gabor filter:
Wherein, x '=xcos θ+sin θ;Y '=- xsin θ+cos θ;λ, θ, ψ, σ, γ are respectively wavelength, direction, phase offset, height
The standard deviation and length-width ratio of this function.
6. according to claim 5 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In the direction of Gabor filter convolutional channel is 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree.
7. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In, the binary channels neural network model that there are 7 layers of structure and include traditional convolution kernel channel and Gabor filter channel is built,
The feature that each channel obtains is merged in neural network layer 6, obtains twin-channel characteristic set T.
8. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In using SoftMax multi classifiers, the corresponding output result Y of acquisition i-th kind of defect of imageiProbabilistic information P (Y=Yi),
The result type based on Probability Forms is obtained, to comment piece personnel to judge that egative film type, live reworking plan formulation provide reference.
9. according to claim 8 a kind of based on the identification of Weld Defects for improving LeNet-5 models, feature exists
In probabilistic information P (Y=Yi) mathematic(al) representation it is as follows:
Wherein, YiThe corresponding output of i-th kind of defect of image is indicated as a result, i=1,2,3,4,5,6, K be classification number.
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