CN108587766A - 一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108587766A CN108587766A CN201810572888.4A CN201810572888A CN108587766A CN 108587766 A CN108587766 A CN 108587766A CN 201810572888 A CN201810572888 A CN 201810572888A CN 108587766 A CN108587766 A CN 108587766A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- lubricating oil
- propane
- waste lubricating
- refined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0016—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
- C10M175/0033—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes using distillation processes; devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
- C10M175/0041—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes by hydrogenation processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/005—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning using extraction processes; apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0083—Lubricating greases
Abstract
本发明提出了一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其过程包括化学反应脱氯、临氢热处理、常压闪蒸、丙烷精制和减压蒸馏。化学反应脱氯能解决再生时有机氯对后续装置造成的腐蚀、管道堵塞和催化剂中毒等问题。临氢热处理能破坏废润滑油中的添加剂，成灰物质转化为可以过滤除去的残渣，解决了丙烷精制时界面不清、分离困难及减压蒸馏时分馏塔塔板积垢的问题。通过常压闪蒸拔出轻油后，再经丙烷精制脱除废润滑油中的添加剂、金属盐、氧化缩合物、胶质、沥青质，最后进入减压蒸馏有效地将轻组分和基础油分开。该工艺可以有效地脱除废润滑油中的非理想成分，为后续的加氢精制提供了优质原料，保证了后续加氢装置长周期运行。
Description
一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于危险废物回收、环境保护、石油化工领域，涉及到一种无污染的废润滑 油连续再生预处理工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 润滑油在机械传动及润滑过程中，受到高温催化氧化的作用，会产生氧化缩合物、 胶质、沥青质、有机酸腐蚀金属产生的金属盐，同时还会混入外界环境和机械磨损带来的金 属粉末、水分、灰尘、油品等杂质污染润滑油，使其降低乃至失去润滑、辅助冷却、防锈、清 洁、密封和缓冲等作用。由于废润滑油中大量的、很有价值的润滑油基础油并没有老化变 质，因此废润滑油回收再生利用，既有利于节约资源，变废为宝，使石油资源得到充分利用， 还可以防止环境污染，有很可观的经济效益和社会效益。
[0003] 废润滑油中添加剂以及水分、灰尘、金属粉末、氧化缩合物、胶质、沥青质等非理想 组分会严重影响废润滑油再生的各个环节。如废润滑油中一些低沸点的小分子氯代烷烃或 烯烃，在蒸馏过程中，部分有机氯化物会发生水解反应生成氯化氢，对蒸馏装置的低温部位 造成腐蚀，未水解的有机氯进入后续的加氢装置，有机氯化物将转化为氯化氢，氯化氢与水 和氨分别形成盐酸和氯化铵，对设备造成腐蚀并阻塞管道，严重时会导致装置被迫停工检 修;用溶剂精制废润滑油，由于清净分散剂的存在，导致废润滑油在溶剂精制时界面不清， 分离困难，蒸馏时易在分馏塔塔板上积垢，影响其正常操作；由于清净分散剂的存在，废润 滑油中许多固体粒子以胶体状态分散在油中，高温条件下清净分散剂发生热分解反应，这 些胶体状态的固体粒子就凝聚沉降下来，造成炉管堵塞、换热器堵塞和塔板结焦。因此，预 处理单元是整个废润滑油再生基础油的关键环节。
[0004] CN104099171B公开了一种用于废润滑油再生的连续蒸馏工艺，其过程包括废油与 蒸馏的切割馏分的换热过程、减粘热处理单元和闪蒸-减压蒸馏单元。通过减粘热处理可以 有效的破除废油中的清净分散添加剂，使废油中得金属等悬浮杂质能够更容易沉积下来， 同时也使一部分金属盐添加剂和腐蚀性有机酸分解或变质，使用闪蒸-减压蒸馏，可以有效 的将轻组分和基础油馏分拔出。
[0005] CN105907452A公开了一种通过热处理使废润滑油再生的组合工艺方法，包括以下 步骤，热处理:废润滑油原料进入热处理反应器，进行浅度热裂化反应，热处理反应器底部 物料进入油剂混合单元;油剂混合:与120#溶剂油混合;离心;汽提;膜分离;常压分馏:塔顶 回收120#溶剂油，侧线得到<300°C馏分，可作为船用柴油产品，塔底得到润滑油粗油，进入 减压分馏塔;减压分馏:塔测线和塔底共切割成4个馏分，分别进入白土混合器进行白土精 制，分别得到减一精制油、减^•精制油、减二精制油和减底精制油4个润滑油广品。
[0006] CN107325839A阐述了一种废润滑油再生工艺，包括以下步骤：临氢催化热反应单 元、分离单位、薄膜蒸发单元、加氢单元、常减压分馏单元。废润滑油原料与反应促进剂混合 后进行临氢催化热反应，解决了热处理过程中反应器底部沉积物多，润滑油收率不高的问 题。
[0007] 目前国内废润滑油再生工艺仍处于相对落后状态，传统的工艺技术路线还占据着 主导地位。虽然分子短程蒸馏、薄膜蒸发技术、溶剂精制等预处理技术有一定的工业化效 果，但是这些技术都是单一化技术，对废润滑油的预处理没有形成一套完善的综合再利用 工艺方案，废润滑油综合再利用效率较低。加氢精制是废润滑油无污染再生工艺流程中广 为采用的精制手段，所得基础油粘度指数高，芳烃含量低，光安定性和氧化安定性好，是优 质的润滑油基础油。为了保证废润滑油预处理装置和加氢装置的长周期运行，废润滑油在 预处理工序中如何有效的破坏废油中的添加剂，脱除废油的中有机氯、机械杂质、胶质、沥 青质和金属变得极为重要。
发明内容
[0008] 本发明的目的在于提供一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，不仅可以有 效地解决废润滑油再生过程中有机氯对后续装置造成的腐蚀、管道堵塞和催化剂中毒等问 题，还可以解决丙烷精制时界面不清，分离困难，减压蒸馏时易在分馏塔塔板上积垢的问 题，提高了精制油的收率，并为后续的加氢装置提供了优质原料。
[0009] 为了解决上述问题，本发明采用的技术方案包括化学反应脱氯、临氢热处理、常压 闪蒸、丙烷精制和减压蒸馏步骤： ⑴化学反应脱氯:含有机氯的废润滑油进行脱水除杂后，经过换热后进入带有搅拌装 置的脱氯反应器，化学反应脱氯是在促进剂的存在下，脱氯剂在一定温度和压力下与废润 滑油中的有机氯发生反应，化学反应脱氯的操作条件为:反应温度为260-370°C，反应压力 为常压。
[00Ί0] ⑵临氢热处理:化学反应脱氯后的废润滑油经过热交换系统换热后进入临氢热处 理反应器，临氢热处理反应器的操作条件为：反应温度为270-380°C，反应时间为30-120min，反应压力为 0-0 · 6MPa。
[0011] ⑶、常压闪蒸:临氢热处理后的废润滑油进入常压闪蒸塔脱水及拔出轻油，常压闪 蒸的操作条件为:常压闪蒸塔入口温度为170-270°C。
[0012] ⑷、丙烷精制:废润滑油经过常压闪蒸塔脱除水和轻油后进入丙烷精制单元，超临 界丙烷与废润滑油混合后，就能将废润滑油中添加剂以及高温氧化产生的缩合物、胶质、沥 青质、有机酸腐蚀金属产生的金属盐，以及其他的机械杂质沉淀出来，而将基础油保留在超 临界丙烷中，将丙烷蒸去就可以得到丙烷精制油，丙烷精制操作条件为:温度为70-95Γ，压 力为 4-6MPa。
[0013] ⑸、减压蒸馏:丙烷精制油进入减压分馏塔，将丙烷精制油切割为轻质油馏分、基 础油馏分、减底油，轻质油为>200°C的馏分，基础油为200-540 °C的馏分。轻质油和基础油 馏分混合后进入后续的加氢装置，减底油可以作为齿轮油调和组分。
[0014] 所述步骤⑴中化学反应脱氯的条件为:反应温度优选为260-320°C，反应压力为常 压。
[0015] 所述步骤⑵中临氢热处理的条件为:反应温度优选为330-380°C，反应时间优选为 60-120min，反应压力为 0-0 · 6MPa。
[0016] 所述步骤⑶中常压闪蒸的条件为:常压闪蒸塔入口温度优选为180-230°C。
[0017] 所述步骤⑷中丙烷精制的条件为:温度优选为70-90 °C，压力优选为4.5-5.5MPa。
[0018]所述步骤⑸中减底油的物化性质如果不能满足齿轮油的要求，可以返回丙烷精制 单元进行二次萃取精制。
[0019]本发明的优点： ⑴通过化学反应脱氯能够有效的脱除废润滑油中的氯代烃，解决废润滑油再生过程中 由于有机氯的分解对后续装置造成的腐蚀、管道堵塞和催化剂中毒等问题。
[0020] ⑵临氢热处理能以比较简单的方法破坏废润滑油中的添加剂，成灰物质大量转化 为可以过滤除去的残渣，解决了丙烷精制时界面不清，分离困难，减压蒸馏时易在分馏塔塔 上积垢的问题。
[0021] ⑶现有的热处理-蒸馏工艺蒸出的馏分中仍含有一些添加剂或其分解物，而废润 滑油经过临氢热处理后进入丙烷精制单元进行丙烷抽提，可以进一步脱除废润滑油中的添 加剂、金属盐、氧化缩合物、胶质和沥青质。
[0022] ⑷减压蒸馏可以将丙烷精制油有效的分为轻质油馏分、基础油馏分和减底油，为 后续的加氢装置提供了优质的原料，保证加氢装置能够长周期运行。
附图说明
[0023] 图1为废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺流程图； 图中：a为原料罐、b为脱水塔、c为化学脱氯反应器、d为临氢热处理反应器、e为常压闪 蒸塔、f为丙烷精制单元、g为减压蒸馏塔。
具体实施方式
[0024] 本发明公开了一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，下面将结合本发明的 附图，对本发明的工艺流程进行清楚、完整的描述。
[0025] 实施例1. 如图1所示，从原料罐a来的废润滑油原料经过换热后温度达到130°C，进入脱水塔b，脱 水除杂后，原料经过换热至260°C进入带有搅拌装置的化学脱氯反应器c，进行脱氯反应;废 润滑油经过化学反应脱氯后然进入加热炉，被加热至370°C后进入临氢热处理反应器d，在 370°C停留120min;然后进入换热器被换热至200°C，进入常压闪蒸塔e，脱除轻油;脱除轻油 后的原料换热至70°C，然后经过栗升压至4.SMPa进入丙烷精制单元f，废润滑油中添加剂以 及高温氧化产生的缩合物、胶质、沥青质、有机酸腐蚀金属产生的金属盐，以及其他的机械 杂质从萃取塔底部排出，保留在超临界丙烷溶液中基础油从塔顶流出，将丙烷蒸去就可得 到丙烷精制油;丙烷精制油经加热炉加热后进入减压蒸馏塔g，将丙烷精制油切割为轻质油 馏分、基础油馏分、减底油，轻质油馏分和基础油馏分混合后就可以进入后续的加氢装置。
[0026] 实施例2. 如图1所示，从原料罐a来的废润滑油原料经过换热后温度达到130°C，进入脱水塔b，脱 水除杂后，原料经过换热至305 °C进入带有搅拌装置的化学脱氯反应器c，进行脱氯反应;废 润滑油经过化学反应脱氯后然进入加热炉，被加热至330°C后进入临氢热处理反应器d，在 330°C停留60min;然后进入换热器被换热至180°C，进入常压闪蒸塔e，脱除轻油;脱除水和 轻油后的原料换热至90°C，然后经过栗升压至4.5MPa进入丙烷精制单元f，废润滑油中添加 剂以及高温氧化产生的缩合物、胶质、沥青质、有机酸腐蚀金属产生的金属盐，以及其他的 机械杂质从萃取塔底部排出，保留在超临界丙烷溶液中基础油从塔顶流出，将丙烷蒸去就 可得到丙烷精制油;丙烷精制油经加热炉加热后进入减压蒸馏塔g，将丙烷精制油切割为轻 质油馏分、基础油馏分、减底油，轻质油馏分和基础油馏分混合后就可以进入后续的加氢装 置。
[0027] 实施例3. 如图1所示，从原料罐a来的废润滑油原料经过换热后温度达到130°C，进入脱水塔b，脱 水除杂后，原料经过换热至320°C进入带有搅拌装置的化学脱氯反应器c，进行脱氯反应;废 润滑油经过化学反应脱氯后然进入加热炉，被加热至380°C后进入临氢热处理反应器d，在 380°C停留90min;然后进入换热器被换热至230°C，进入常压闪蒸塔e，脱除轻油;脱除轻油 后的原料换热至95°C，然后经过栗升压至5.5MPa进入丙烷精制单元f，废润滑油中添加剂以 及高温氧化产生的缩合物、胶质、沥青质、有机酸腐蚀金属产生的金属盐，以及其他的机械 杂质从萃取塔底部排出，保留在超临界丙烷溶液中基础油从塔顶流出，将丙烷蒸去就可得 到丙烷精制油;丙烷精制油经加热炉加热后进入减压蒸馏塔g，将丙烷精制油切割为轻质油 馏分、基础油馏分、减底油，轻质油馏分和基础油馏分混合后就可以进入后续的加氢装置。
[0028] 实施例1、2、3润滑油原料及其典型产品性质分别如表1、表2和表3所示。
[0029] 表1.实施例1中润滑油原料及其典型产品性质
表2.实施例2中润滑油原料及其典型产品性质
表3.实施例3中润滑油原料及其典型产品性质
Claims (6)
1. 一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其特征在于，包括化学反应脱氯、临氢 热处理、常压闪蒸、丙烷精制和减压蒸馏步骤，具体如下： ⑴化学反应脱氯:含有机氯的废润滑油进行脱水除杂后，经过热交换后进入带有搅拌 装置的脱氯反应器，化学反应脱氯是在促进剂的存在下，脱氯剂在一定的温度下与废润滑 油中的有机氯发生反应，化学反应脱氯的操作条件为:反应温度为260-370°C，反应压力为 常压； ⑵临氢热处理:化学反应脱氯后的废润滑油经过热交换系统换热后进入临氢热处理反 应器，临氢热处理反应器的操作条件为：反应温度为270-380°C，反应时间为30-120min，反 应压力为〇-〇.6MPa; (3)常压闪蒸：临氢热处理后的废润滑油进入常压闪蒸塔拔出轻油，常压闪蒸的操作条 件为:常压闪蒸塔入口温度为170-270 °C; ⑷丙烷精制：废润滑油经过常压闪蒸塔脱除轻油后进入丙烷精制单元，超临界丙烷与 废润滑油混合后，就能将废润滑油中添加剂以及高温氧化产生的缩合物、胶质、沥青质、有 机酸腐蚀金属产生的金属盐，以及其他的机械杂质沉淀出来，而将基础油保留在丙烷溶液 中，将丙烷蒸去就可以得到丙烷精制油，丙烷精制操作条件为:温度为70-95Γ，压力为4-6MPa; ⑸减压蒸馏:丙烷精制油进入减压分馏塔，将丙烷精制油切割为轻质油馏分、基础油馏 分、减底油，轻质油为>200°C的馏分，基础油为200-540 °C的馏分;轻质油和基础油馏分混 合后进入后续的加氢装置，减底油可以作为齿轮油调和组分。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其特征在于，所 述步骤⑴中化学反应脱氯的条件为:反应温度为260-320°C，反应压力为常压。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其特征在于，所 述步骤⑵中临氢热处理的条件为:反应温度为330-380°C，反应时间为60-120min，反应压力 为0-0.6MPa。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其特征在于，所 述步骤⑶中常压闪蒸的条件为:常压闪蒸塔入口温度为180-230°C。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其特征在于，所 述步骤⑷中丙烷精制的条件为:温度为70-90°C，压力为4.5-5.5MPa。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无污染的废润滑油连续再生预处理工艺，其特征在于，所 述步骤⑸中减底油的物化性质如果不能满足齿轮油的要求，可以返回丙烷精制单元进行二 次萃取精制。
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