CN108585775A - 一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1、雕刻模型；步骤2、制作模具；步骤3、选取陶土；步骤4、制浆；步骤5、注浆成型；步骤6，干燥；步骤7、素烧；步骤8、施釉；步骤9、烧制；所述步骤1、雕刻模型；将整个工艺品分成多个部分分别雕刻，包括马头、马颈、马身、马臀、马前腿、马后腿和马尾，所述马颈向下弯，马头向下，马头的嘴部在左前腿一侧。本发明坯釉结合性能好，钧瓷的成品率高，其器形及颜色更能体现本发明作品的创意和艺术效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钧瓷工艺领域，尤其涉及一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法。
背景技术
陶瓷是中华文化的重要组成部分之一，而钧瓷又是中华陶瓷文化中的一颗璀璨明珠。钧瓷发源于东汉，是宋代五大名窑瓷器之一，是传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，以独特的窑变艺术而著称于世，素有“黄金有价钧均价”和“家有万贯，不如钧瓷一片”的美誉。钧瓷被誉为中国“五大名瓷”之首，为我国河南省禹州市的特产，其主要特征为瓷器的颜色复杂化，改变了古代瓷器的单色釉发展脉络，具有“进窑一色，出窑万彩”等独特的特色，是其他陶瓷工艺品无法实现和比拟的。但是在制作钧瓷时，虽然现在的技术虽然已经取得到了很大进展，但还是存在一些缺陷，钧瓷在制作过程中从选料到烧制成品，其间要经过数十道生产工序，无论哪道工序稍有不慎，即便是小小的差错也会造成前功尽弃，这也是钧瓷珍品率极低的原因，钧瓷的关键在于瓷釉，瓷釉在进行釉烧后变彩决定着钧瓷的价值，在烧制时，钧瓷在出窑冷却后极易开裂，从而导致珍品率低。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法，坯釉结合性能好，成品率高。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、雕刻模型；将整个工艺品分成多个部分分别雕刻，包括马头、马颈、马身、马臀、马前腿、马后腿和马尾，所述马颈向下弯，马头向下，马头的嘴部在左前腿一侧；
步骤2、制作模具；将步骤1雕刻成型的多个部分分别制作石膏模具；
步骤3、选取陶土；所述陶土包括以下组分：高岭土50-65，碱土5-10份，石英石3-5份，砂石8-12份，铅粉8-10份，莫来石8-10份，铁矿石1-2份；
步骤4、制浆；将步骤3的陶土首先进行粗碎成砂粒状或粉状，然后进行磨碎，其磨碎细度为230-250目，加水混合后球磨，制成浆料；
步骤5、注浆成型；将浆料分别注入步骤2中的各个模具中，并将多个模具内经过注浆后凝固生成的坯体，按照设计要求粘接在一起，经过修整，形成整体形象；
步骤6，干燥；将修整好的坯体在25-120℃温度下进行干燥，干燥后的坯体含水量低于3%；
步骤7、素烧；将坯体放入素烧窑中，在900℃-1000℃的温度下烧制5-6个小时；
步骤8、施釉；将素烧后的坯体表面除杂处理后进行表面先上底釉，上釉后进行干燥，其中底部不上釉；所述底釉包括：黄长石20-25份，白长石8-12份，方解石10-15份，铜矿石3-5份，氯化锌3-5份，碳酸钡0.5-0.6份，氧化锡1-2份，泡花碱5-7份，氧化钠1-2份，木节土3-5份；将干燥后的坯体的底釉上刷面釉，所述面釉包括石英石20-25份，白云石20-25份，方解石5-6份，氧化锰25-30份，碱石1-2份，氧化镁1-2份，氧化铝8-10份，氧化铁3-5份，氧化钴5-7份；将底釉和面釉的釉料分别进行粉碎，混合，球磨，使其成为细度为400-450目的细粉，加水搅拌混合球磨后制成釉浆；上釉时，釉浆的含水率为50%；
步骤9、烧制；将施釉后并干燥的坯体放入窑中在1320℃-1350℃的温度烧制12-15个小时。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明的立马钧瓷工艺品俯首垂颈、体型健硕、肌腱隆实、四肢修长有力、神态悠闲自得，釉色分布恰到好处，是一款工艺价值和烧制难度非常高的器型。本发明的坯釉结合性能好，同时采用本发明的陶土、釉料及制作步骤，钧瓷的成品率高，其器形及颜色更能体现本发明作品的创意和艺术效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种立马钧瓷工艺品的结构示意图。
图中：1-马头；2-马颈；3-马身；4-马臀；5-马尾；6-马后腿；7-马前腿。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明的技术方案，现结合实例，说明本发明的具体实施方式；
实施例1：
如图1所示，一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、雕刻模型；将整个工艺品分成多个部分分别雕刻，包括马头1、马颈2、马身3、马臀4、马前腿7、马后腿6和马尾5，马颈2向下弯，马头1向下，马头1的嘴部在左前腿一侧，不与左前腿粘连；
步骤2、制作模具；将步骤1雕刻成型的多个部分分别制作石膏模具；
步骤3、选取陶土；所述陶土包括以下组分：高岭土50，碱土5份，石英石5份，砂石10份，铅粉10份，莫来石8份，铁矿石1份；
步骤4、制浆；将步骤3的陶土首先进行粗碎成砂粒状或粉状，然后进行磨碎，其磨碎细度为230-250目，加水混合后球磨，制成浆料；
步骤5、注浆成型；将浆料分别注入步骤2中的各个模具中，并将多个模具内经过注浆后凝固生成的坯体，按照设计要求粘接在一起，经过修整，形成整体形象；
步骤6，干燥；将修整好的坯体在25℃温度下进行干燥，干燥后的坯体含水量低于3%；
步骤7、素烧；将坯体放入素烧窑中，在900℃的温度下烧制5-6个小时；
步骤8、施釉；将素烧后的坯体表面除杂处理后进行表面先上底釉，上釉后进行干燥，其中底部不上釉；所述底釉包括：黄长石20份，白长石8份，方解石10份，铜矿石5份，氯化锌5份，碳酸钡0.5份，氧化锡1份，泡花碱5份，氧化钠1份，木节土3份；将干燥后的坯体的底釉上刷面釉，所述面釉包括石英石20份，白云石20份，方解石5份，氧化锰25份，碱石2份，氧化镁1份，氧化铝10份，氧化铁5份，氧化钴5份；将底釉和面釉的釉料分别进行粉碎，混合，球磨，使其成为细度为400-450目的细粉，加水搅拌混合球磨后制成釉浆；上釉时，釉浆的含水率为50%；
步骤9、烧制；将施釉后并干燥的坯体放入窑中在1320℃的温度烧制12-15个小时。
发明的釉料中加入氧化钾和氧化钠，降低了釉的熔融温度和高温粘度，改善釉的化学稳定性和热稳定性，使釉具有良好的透明度和光泽度，坯釉结合性能好，同时采用本发明的陶土、釉料及制作步骤，钧瓷的成品率高，其器形及颜色更能体现本发明作品的创意和艺术效果。在以上的实施例中应当注意，在主体部分施釉时，应当保证施釉的釉层厚度不大于1毫米，以保证减少釉层的开裂，影响本作品的艺术效果。烧制出的本发明立马颜色为青铜色。
实施例2：
如图1所示，一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1、雕刻模型；将整个工艺品分成多个部分分别雕刻，包括马头、马颈、马身、马臀、马前腿、马后腿和马尾，所述马颈向下弯，马头向下，马头的嘴部在左前腿一侧；
步骤2、制作模具；将步骤1雕刻成型的多个部分分别制作石膏模具；
步骤3、选取陶土；所述陶土包括以下组分：高岭土65，碱土10份，石英石5份，砂石8份，铅粉10份，莫来石8份，铁矿石2份；
步骤4、制浆；将步骤3的陶土首先进行粗碎成砂粒状或粉状，然后进行磨碎，其磨碎细度为230-250目，加水混合后球磨，制成浆料；
步骤5、注浆成型；将浆料分别注入步骤2中的各个模具中，并将多个模具内经过注浆后凝固生成的坯体，按照设计要求粘接在一起，经过修整，形成整体形象；
步骤6，干燥；将修整好的坯体在60℃温度下进行干燥，干燥后的坯体含水量低于3%；
步骤7、素烧；将坯体放入素烧窑中，在900℃-1000℃的温度下烧制5-6个小时；
步骤8、施釉；将素烧后的坯体表面除杂处理后进行表面先上底釉，上釉后进行干燥，其中底部不上釉；所述底釉包括：黄长石25份，白长石12份，方解石10份，铜矿石4份，氯化锌3份，碳酸钡0.5份，氧化锡2份，泡花碱6份，氧化钠1份，木节土3份；将干燥后的坯体的底釉上刷面釉，所述面釉包括石英石25份，白云石25份，方解石5份，氧化锰25份，碱石2份，氧化镁2份，氧化铝9份，氧化铁4份，氧化钴6份；将底釉和面釉的釉料分别进行粉碎，混合，球磨，使其成为细度为400-450目的细粉，加水搅拌混合球磨后制成釉浆；上釉时，釉浆的含水率为50%；
步骤9、烧制；将施釉后并干燥的坯体放入窑中在1350℃的温度烧制12-15个小时。
在以上的实施例中应当注意，在主体部分施釉时，应当保证施釉的釉层厚度不大于1毫米，以保证减少釉层的开裂，影响本作品的艺术效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种立马钧瓷工艺品的制作方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：步骤1、雕刻模型；步骤2、制作模具；步骤3、选取陶土；步骤4、制浆；步骤5、注浆成型；步骤6，干燥；步骤7、素烧；步骤8、施釉；步骤9、烧制；所述步骤1、雕刻模型；将整个工艺品分成多个部分分别雕刻，包括马头、马颈、马身、马臀、马前腿、马后腿和马尾，所述马颈向下弯，马头向下，马头的嘴部在左前腿一侧。
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| CN103342542A (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-09 | 李学武 | 钧瓷、汝瓷与牡丹瓷工艺相结合制作瓷工艺品的方法 |
| CN104973889A (zh) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-10-14 | 禹州市通宝钧瓷有限公司 | 一种新型宋钧釉及其制作工艺 |
| CN107554169A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-09 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | 马踏飞燕造型的钧瓷工艺品的制作方法 |
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| CN103342542A (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-09 | 李学武 | 钧瓷、汝瓷与牡丹瓷工艺相结合制作瓷工艺品的方法 |
| CN104973889A (zh) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-10-14 | 禹州市通宝钧瓷有限公司 | 一种新型宋钧釉及其制作工艺 |
| CN107554169A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-09 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | 马踏飞燕造型的钧瓷工艺品的制作方法 |
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