CN108582469B - Pug mill for ceramics - Google Patents
Pug mill for ceramics Download PDFInfo
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- CN108582469B CN108582469B CN201810344153.6A CN201810344153A CN108582469B CN 108582469 B CN108582469 B CN 108582469B CN 201810344153 A CN201810344153 A CN 201810344153A CN 108582469 B CN108582469 B CN 108582469B
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- stirring mechanism
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- shell
- motor
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001655736 Catalpa bignonioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195955 Equisetum hyemale Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
- B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
- B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
- B28C1/16—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for homogenising, e.g. by mixing, kneading ; forcing through slots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
- B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
- B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
- B28C1/22—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom combined with means for conditioning by heating, humidifying, or vacuum treatment, by cooling, by sub-atmospheric pressure treatment
- B28C1/225—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom combined with means for conditioning by heating, humidifying, or vacuum treatment, by cooling, by sub-atmospheric pressure treatment by degassing, de-aerating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及瓷器生产领域，具体涉及一种陶瓷用练泥机，本发明通过两次放入泥料，经过真空泵的两次不同压强的空气抽离和搅拌方向不同的第一搅拌机构、第二搅拌机构、第三搅拌机构、第四搅拌机构配合着第一振动电动机和第二振动电动机，通过上述的组合作用消除了泥料颗粒的潜伏的应力；装置利用第一电机带动壳体高速转动结合壳体内加入清洗液和清水清洗壳体内部，防止了连续螺旋叶片上沾上的泥料造成堵塞等问题。
The present invention relates to the field of porcelain production, in particular to a mud refining machine for ceramics. In the present invention, the first stirring mechanism, the second stirring mechanism, and the second stirring mechanism are used to extract the air with different pressures and stirring directions twice by putting in the mud twice through a vacuum pump. The stirring mechanism, the third stirring mechanism and the fourth stirring mechanism cooperate with the first vibrating motor and the second vibrating motor to eliminate the latent stress of the mud particles through the above combination; the device uses the first motor to drive the shell to rotate at a high speed and combine Cleaning liquid and clear water are added to the shell to clean the inside of the shell, which prevents problems such as blockage caused by mud on the continuous spiral blades.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及瓷器生产领域，具体涉及一种陶瓷用练泥机。The invention relates to the field of porcelain production, in particular to a mud refining machine for ceramics.
背景技术Background technique
炼泥指瓷器作坯之前的一道工序。其过程是把白不入水池内浸泡。用木楸不断翻搅，漂去浮渣，筛以马尾细箩，沉淀后用细绢袋装浆渗水，放无底木匣内，上用石压，去水成泥，然后用锹反复反转，使之纯精结实。手工练泥是将搅拌后的泥料放置泥凳上，用大木槌按一定的顺序进行反复捶打、挤压，直到用刀划过后能看到泥料断面发亮，表示空气已基本排除，否则烧成后极易产生气泡。Mud refining refers to a process before porcelain is made into a blank. The process is to soak Baibu into the pool. Stir continuously with catalpa, float off scum, sieve with horsetail fine basket, and use fine silk bag to seep water after sedimentation, put it in a bottomless wooden box, press it with stones, remove water and make mud, and then use shovel to reverse repeatedly Turn to make it pure and strong. Manual mud practice is to place the stirred mud on the mud bench, repeatedly beat and squeeze it with a big wooden mallet in a certain order, until the cross section of the mud can be seen to shine after being scratched with a knife, indicating that the air has been basically eliminated, otherwise It is easy to produce air bubbles after firing.
手工炼泥费时费力，传统真空练泥机省时、省力、省工，极大提高了生产效率。经过真空练泥机挤压，排除空气更彻底，泥料组织更均匀，可塑性能和致密度也更好，既便于成型也提高了坯件的干燥强度和机械强度。但是真空练泥机练制的泥料，因其颗粒呈定向排列，泥料中潜伏着应力，这些应力会在高温烧成中释放出来，使坯件各部位呈不均一收缩，从而引起制品收缩、变形率加大，且搅拌的螺旋叶片易沾上泥料，容易发生堵塞不易处理等问题；Manual mud refining is time-consuming and labor-intensive, while traditional vacuum mud refining machines save time, labor and labor, and greatly improve production efficiency. Extruded by a vacuum mud mill, the air is removed more thoroughly, the mud structure is more uniform, and the plasticity and density are also better, which is convenient for forming and improves the dry strength and mechanical strength of the blank. However, because of the directional arrangement of the mud made by the vacuum mud refining machine, there are hidden stresses in the mud, and these stresses will be released during high-temperature firing, causing uneven shrinkage of various parts of the blank, resulting in shrinkage of the product , The deformation rate is increased, and the stirring helical blade is easy to be stained with mud, which is prone to blockage and difficult to deal with;
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明公开了一种陶瓷用练泥机，用于解决传统装置泥料中潜伏着应力，搅拌的螺旋叶片易沾上泥料，容易发生堵塞不易处理等问题。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a mud refining machine for ceramics, which is used to solve the problems of latent stress in the mud of traditional devices, and the screw blades of the stirring are easily stained with mud, and are prone to blockage and difficult to handle.
具体技术方案如下：The specific technical scheme is as follows:
一种陶瓷用练泥机，包括箱体，所述箱体左面板上方固接有第一电动机，所述第一电动机右端连接有第一联轴器，所述第一联轴器右端连接有第二电动机，所述第二电动机右端连接有减速器，所述减速器右端连接有第二联轴器，所述第二联轴器右边设置有壳体并连接有螺旋杆，所述螺旋杆伸入壳体内并安装有连续螺旋叶片；所述壳体右端上部分安装有真空泵，所述真空泵下方设置有转轴，所述转轴左端固接壳体，转轴右端转动连接于箱体右面板；所述壳体上端左部设置有第一进料口，壳体下端右部设置有第一出料口，所述第一进料口、第一出料口均设置有阀门；所述壳体下方设置有第一腔体，所述第一腔体对应于第一出料口加工有第二进料口，第一腔体外侧安装有第一振动电动机，所述第一腔体下面板左右两端分别加工有第二出料口、第三出料口；所述第一腔体下方对应于第二出料口、第三出料口分别设置有第一管道、第二管道；所述第一管道上部安装有第一搅拌机构，下部安装有第二搅拌机构，所述第二管道上部安装有第三搅拌机构，下部安装有第四搅拌机构；第一管道和第二管道连通有第二腔体，所述第二腔体外侧安装有第二振动电动机，第二腔体下端安装有支撑脚；A mud refining machine for ceramics, including a box body, a first motor is fixedly connected above the left panel of the box body, a first coupling is connected to the right end of the first motor, and a first coupling is connected to the right end of the first coupling. The second motor, the right end of the second motor is connected to a reducer, the right end of the reducer is connected to a second coupling, the right side of the second coupling is provided with a housing and connected to a screw rod, and the screw rod Extending into the housing and installing continuous helical blades; a vacuum pump is installed on the upper part of the right end of the housing, and a rotating shaft is arranged below the vacuum pump. The left part of the upper end of the housing is provided with a first material inlet, the right part of the lower end of the housing is provided with a first material outlet, and the first material inlet and the first material outlet are both provided with valves; A first cavity is provided, and the first cavity is processed with a second feed port corresponding to the first discharge port. A first vibration motor is installed on the outside of the first cavity. The left and right sides of the lower panel of the first cavity The ends are respectively processed with a second discharge port and a third discharge port; corresponding to the second discharge port and the third discharge port, a first pipe and a second pipe are respectively arranged under the first cavity; A first stirring mechanism is installed on the upper part of a pipeline, a second stirring mechanism is installed on the lower part, a third stirring mechanism is installed on the upper part of the second pipeline, and a fourth stirring mechanism is installed on the lower part; the first pipeline and the second pipeline are connected by a second A cavity, a second vibration motor is installed on the outside of the second cavity, and a supporting foot is installed at the lower end of the second cavity;
优选的，第一搅拌机构、第二搅拌机构、第三搅拌机构、第四搅拌机构结构相同，均包括一个固定杆和连接在固定杆上的四个旋转叶片，所述旋转叶片连接有电动机；Preferably, the first stirring mechanism, the second stirring mechanism, the third stirring mechanism, and the fourth stirring mechanism have the same structure, and all include a fixed rod and four rotating blades connected to the fixed rod, and the rotating blades are connected to a motor;
优选的，所述第一搅拌机构搅拌方向为水平方向；第三搅拌机构搅拌方向为竖直方向；第二搅拌机构的固定杆相对于竖直方向倾斜向上；第四搅拌机构的固定杆相对于竖直方向倾斜向下；Preferably, the stirring direction of the first stirring mechanism is the horizontal direction; the stirring direction of the third stirring mechanism is the vertical direction; the fixed rod of the second stirring mechanism is inclined upward relative to the vertical direction; the fixed rod of the fourth stirring mechanism is relatively slanted downward in the vertical direction;
优选的，所述第二腔体设置有取料的推拉门；Preferably, the second cavity is provided with a sliding door for retrieving materials;
优选的，所述壳体对应于螺旋杆、第一真空泵、第二真空泵均设置有橡胶圈。Preferably, the housing is provided with rubber rings corresponding to the screw rod, the first vacuum pump and the second vacuum pump.
优选的，所述真空泵为旋片式真空泵。Preferably, the vacuum pump is a rotary vane vacuum pump.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
本发明通过两次放入泥料，经过真空泵的两次不同压强的空气抽离和搅拌方向不同的第一搅拌机构、第二搅拌机构、第三搅拌机构、第四搅拌机构配合着第一振动电动机和第二振动电动机，通过上述的组合作用消除了泥料颗粒的潜伏的应力；装置利用第一电机带动壳体高速转动结合壳体内加入清洗液和清水清洗壳体内部，防止了连续螺旋叶片上沾上的泥料造成堵塞等问题。In the present invention, the first stirring mechanism, the second stirring mechanism, the third stirring mechanism, and the fourth stirring mechanism with different stirring directions cooperate with the first vibration by putting in the mud twice, and passing through the vacuum pump twice with different pressures of air. The electric motor and the second vibrating motor eliminate the latent stress of the mud particles through the above-mentioned combined action; the device uses the first motor to drive the shell to rotate at a high speed combined with cleaning liquid and clean water in the shell to clean the inside of the shell, preventing continuous spiral blades from The mud on the surface will cause problems such as blockage.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1：本发明新型结构示意图；Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the novel structure of the present invention;
附图标记如下：1、箱体，2、第一电动机，3、第一联轴器，4、第二电动机，5、减速器，6、阀门，7、第二联轴器，8、壳体，9、螺旋杆，10、连续螺旋叶片，11、第一进料口，12、第一出料口，13、真空泵，14、转轴，15、第一腔体，16、第一振动电机，17、第一管道，18、第二管道，19、第一搅拌机构，20、第二搅拌机构，21、第三搅拌机构，22、第四搅拌机构，23、第二腔体，24、第二振动电动机，25、支撑脚。Reference signs are as follows: 1. Box, 2. First motor, 3. First coupling, 4. Second motor, 5. Reducer, 6. Valve, 7. Second coupling, 8. Shell Body, 9, screw rod, 10, continuous spiral blade, 11, first feed inlet, 12, first discharge outlet, 13, vacuum pump, 14, rotating shaft, 15, first cavity, 16, first vibration motor , 17, the first pipeline, 18, the second pipeline, 19, the first stirring mechanism, 20, the second stirring mechanism, 21, the third stirring mechanism, 22, the fourth stirring mechanism, 23, the second cavity, 24, The second vibrating motor, 25, supporting feet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
参看图1：一种陶瓷用练泥机，包括箱体1，所述箱体1左面板上方固接有第一电动机2，所述第一电动机2右端连接有第一联轴器3，所述第一联轴器3右端连接有第二电动机4，所述第二电动机4右端连接有减速器5，所述减速器5右端连接有第二联轴器7，所述第二联轴器7右边设置有壳体8并连接有螺旋杆9，所述螺旋杆9伸入壳体内并安装有连续螺旋叶片10；所述壳体8右端上部分安装有真空泵13，所述真空泵13下方设置有转轴14，所述转轴14左端固接壳体8，转轴14右端转动连接于箱体1右面板；所述壳体8上端左部设置有第一进料11，壳体8下端右部设置有第一出料口12，所述第一进料口11、第一出料口12均安装有阀门6；所述壳体8下方设置有第一腔体15，所述第一腔体15对应于第一出料口加工有第二进料口，第一腔体15外侧安装有第一振动电动机16，所述第一腔体15下面板左右两端分别加工有第二出料口、第三出料口；所述第一腔体下方对应于第二出料口、第三出料口分别设置有第一管道17、第二管道18；所述第一管道上部安装有第一搅拌机构19，下部安装有第二搅拌机构20，所述第二管道上部安装有第三搅拌机构21，下部安装有第四搅拌机构22；第一管道17和第二管道18连通有第二腔体23，所述第二腔体23外侧安装有第二振动电动机24，第二腔体23下端安装有支撑脚25。Referring to Fig. 1 : a mud refining machine for ceramics, including a box body 1, a first motor 2 is fixedly connected above the left panel of the box body 1, and a first coupling 3 is connected to the right end of the first motor 2, so that The right end of the first shaft coupling 3 is connected with a second motor 4, the right end of the second motor 4 is connected with a speed reducer 5, and the right end of the speed reducer 5 is connected with a second shaft coupling 7, and the second shaft coupling 7 The right side is provided with a housing 8 and is connected with a screw rod 9. The screw rod 9 extends into the housing and is equipped with a continuous helical blade 10; There is a rotating shaft 14, the left end of the rotating shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the housing 8, and the right end of the rotating shaft 14 is rotatably connected to the right panel of the box body 1; There is a first discharge port 12, and the first feed port 11 and the first discharge port 12 are equipped with a valve 6; a first cavity 15 is arranged below the housing 8, and the first cavity 15 A second feed port is processed corresponding to the first discharge port, and a first vibrating motor 16 is installed on the outside of the first cavity 15. The left and right ends of the lower panel of the first cavity 15 are respectively processed with a second discharge port, The third outlet; the bottom of the first cavity corresponds to the second outlet and the third outlet are respectively provided with a first pipeline 17 and a second pipeline 18; the upper part of the first pipeline is equipped with a first stirring Mechanism 19, the second stirring mechanism 20 is installed on the lower part, the third stirring mechanism 21 is installed on the upper part of the second pipeline, and the fourth stirring mechanism 22 is installed on the lower part; the first pipeline 17 and the second pipeline 18 communicate with the second cavity 23 , the second vibration motor 24 is installed on the outside of the second cavity 23 , and the support feet 25 are installed at the lower end of the second cavity 23 .
第一搅拌机构19、第二搅拌机构20、第三搅拌机构21、第四搅拌机构22结构相同，均包括一个固定杆和连接在固定杆上的四个旋转叶片，所述旋转叶片连接有电动机；所述第一搅拌机构19搅拌方向为水平方向；第三搅拌机构21搅拌方向为竖直方向；第二搅拌机构20的固定杆相对于竖直方向倾斜向上；第四搅拌机构22的固定杆相对于竖直方向倾斜向下；所述第二腔体23设置有取料的推拉门；所述壳体8对应于螺旋杆9、第一真空泵13、第二真空泵14均设置有橡胶圈；所述真空泵为旋片式真空泵The first agitating mechanism 19, the second agitating mechanism 20, the third agitating mechanism 21, and the fourth agitating mechanism 22 have the same structure, and all include a fixed rod and four rotating blades connected on the fixed rod, and the rotating blades are connected with a motor The first stirring mechanism 19 stirring direction is a horizontal direction; the third stirring mechanism 21 stirring direction is a vertical direction; the fixed rod of the second stirring mechanism 20 is inclined upwards relative to the vertical direction; the fixed rod of the fourth stirring mechanism 22 Inclined downward relative to the vertical direction; the second cavity 23 is provided with a sliding door for taking materials; the housing 8 is provided with a rubber ring corresponding to the screw rod 9, the first vacuum pump 13, and the second vacuum pump 14; The vacuum pump is a rotary vane vacuum pump
具体的，将陶瓷泥料通过第一进料口11放入壳体8，关闭第一进料口11的阀门6，打开第二电动机4带动连续螺旋叶片10运转，让连续螺旋叶片10对泥料进行搅拌开来，打开真空泵13，将泥料中的空气抽离出来，打开第一出料口12的阀门，泥料会落入第一腔体，打开第一振动电动机16将泥料通过振动分散开来，通过第一管道17和第二管道18内不同搅拌方向的第一搅拌机构19、第二搅拌机构20、第三搅拌机构21、第四搅拌机构22的搅拌彻底把泥料搅开，落入第二腔体23内，然后再加一次泥料，打开真空泵13并改变成与第一次不同的压强值，然后重复第一次的步骤，最后打开第二振动电动机24将两次不同压强下的泥料混合开来，即可得到消除潜伏应力的泥料，接近人工炼泥的水平；打开第一进料口11的阀门倒入清洗液和清水，打开第一电动机带动壳体8高速运转，通过离心力的作用能将连续螺旋叶片10上的泥料消除掉，防止了堵塞。Concretely, the ceramic mud material is put into housing 8 through the first feeding port 11, closes the valve 6 of the first feeding port 11, opens the second motor 4 to drive the continuous screw blade 10 to run, and allows the continuous screw blade 10 to mud Stir the material, turn on the vacuum pump 13 to extract the air in the mud, open the valve of the first discharge port 12, the mud will fall into the first cavity, turn on the first vibration motor 16 to pass the mud through The vibration is dispersed, and the mud is thoroughly stirred by the stirring of the first stirring mechanism 19, the second stirring mechanism 20, the third stirring mechanism 21, and the fourth stirring mechanism 22 of different stirring directions in the first pipeline 17 and the second pipeline 18. Open, fall in the second cavity 23, then add mud once again, open the vacuum pump 13 and change into the pressure value different from the first time, then repeat the steps for the first time, finally open the second vibrating motor 24 to make the two The mud material under different pressures can be mixed together to obtain the mud material that eliminates the latent stress, which is close to the level of manual mud refining; open the valve of the first feeding port 11 to pour cleaning liquid and clean water, and open the first motor to drive the shell Body 8 runs at a high speed, and the mud material on the continuous spiral blade 10 can be eliminated by the effect of centrifugal force, preventing blockage.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments Modifications are made to the recorded technical solutions, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN110871499B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-11-24 | 福建省佳美集团公司 | Ceramic clay kneading method |
| CN111531704A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-14 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | Vacuum ceramic pugging device and using method |
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| CN2704463Y (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2005-06-15 | 于绍清 | Oscillating vacuum pugging machines |
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