CN108562485B - Fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling radial deformation of flexible gear and test method - Google Patents
Fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling radial deformation of flexible gear and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108562485B CN108562485B CN201810340020.1A CN201810340020A CN108562485B CN 108562485 B CN108562485 B CN 108562485B CN 201810340020 A CN201810340020 A CN 201810340020A CN 108562485 B CN108562485 B CN 108562485B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
Abstract
The invention discloses a fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of a flexible gear and a test method, which solve the problem that the radial deformation of the flexible gear cannot be controlled and measured in the test of a complete machine and can realize the accurate regulation and control of the radial deformation of the flexible gear. The support of the vernier caliper like to the short cylinder ring can accurately simulate the support of the outer ring of the long shaft of the wave generator to the inner wall of the flexible gear, the radial elongation of the vernier caliper like is adjusted in a variable gradient mode or the wall thickness of the short cylinder ring is adjusted in a variable gradient mode, the influence rule of the size of the long shaft of the wave generator and the wall thickness of the flexible gear to the fatigue wear of the flexible gear can be researched, and the action mechanism of the vernier caliper like to the fatigue wear of the flexible gear is deeply. The fixture saves flexible gear materials, improves the testing efficiency and can obtain more visual experimental results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling radial deformation of a flexible gear and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of harmonic test.
Background
The harmonic gear reducer is widely applied to the fields of industrial robots, machine tools, and other manufacturing equipment, semiconductor manufacturing machines, aerospace, and the like. The abrasion condition between the inner wall of the flexible gear and the outer ring of the wave generator is a key factor for determining the service life of the harmonic reducer. The abrasion between the inner wall of the flexible gear and the outer ring of the wave generator is particularly serious in medium and heavy harmonic reducers. Although the abrasion loss between the inner wall of the flexible gear and the outer ring of the wave generator can be measured through the whole machine experiment, the radial deformation of the flexible gear under the condition can not be measured, and the influence rule of the radial deformation on the fatigue abrasion of the flexible gear is difficult to obtain, so that the material waste is caused, and the research and development period of the harmonic reducer is prolonged.
The invention discloses a fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of a flexible gear and a test method, which solve the problem that the radial deformation of the flexible gear cannot be measured in the test of a complete machine and can realize the accurate regulation and control and measurement of the radial deformation of the flexible gear. The support of the vernier caliper like to the short cylinder ring can accurately simulate the support of the outer ring of the long shaft of the wave generator to the inner wall of the flexible gear, the radial elongation of the vernier caliper like is adjusted in a variable gradient mode or the wall thickness of the short cylinder ring is adjusted in a variable gradient mode, the influence rule of the size of the long shaft of the wave generator and the wall thickness of the flexible gear to the fatigue wear of the flexible gear can be researched, and the action mechanism of the vernier caliper like to the fatigue wear of the flexible gear is deeply. The clamp saves flexible gear materials, improves the testing efficiency, and can obtain more visual experimental results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fatigue wear testing clamp and a testing method capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of a flexible gear, so as to research the influence mechanism of the long shaft size of a wave generator and the wall thickness of the flexible gear on the fatigue wear of the flexible gear.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of a flexible gear. The fatigue wear test fixture 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear consists of four basic components, namely a flexible gear-like base 1.1, a short cylinder ring 1.2, a vernier caliper-like 1.3 and a rotating shaft 1.4.
The invention is based on four basic components: the fatigue wear testing clamp 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is obtained through connection and matching of the four basic components, namely the flexible gear base 1.1, the short cylinder ring 1.2, the vernier caliper 1.3 and the rotating shaft 1.4. The flexible wheel base 1.1 is fixedly connected with the UMT rotating table 2 through bolts, and the short cylinder ring 1.2 is fixedly connected with the flexible wheel base 1.1 through bolts. Two vernier caliper 1.3 are symmetrically arranged, one end of the vernier caliper 1.3 extends outwards and is supported on the inner wall of the short cylinder ring 1.2, and the other end of the vernier caliper is fixed on the rotating shaft 1.4. The rotating shaft 1.4 is fixed on the cantilever beam 3 through bolt connection, and the cantilever beam 3 is connected with the torque sensor 4. A fatigue wear test fixture 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is formed by the flexible gear base 1.1, the short cylinder ring 1.2, the vernier caliper 1.3 and the rotating shaft 1.4, the fatigue wear test fixture 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is placed in a test system formed by the UMT rotating table 2, the cantilever beam 3 and the torque sensor 4, and the test system is used for testing the influence mechanism of the long shaft size of the wave generator and the wall thickness of the flexible gear on the fatigue wear of the flexible gear.
The similar flexible wheel base 1.1 is fixed with the UMT rotating table 2 through a countersunk hole 1.11 at the edge of the brim of the cup bottom and a bolt. An annular groove 1.12 is arranged at the top end of the cup body of the similar flexible wheel base 1.1, and the short cylinder annular ring 1.2 is inserted into the cup body of the similar flexible wheel base 1.1 through the annular groove 1.12. Twelve bolt through holes a1.13 are processed on the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the annular groove 1.12, wherein every six bolt through holes a1.13 form one group, the twelve bolt through holes a1.13 are divided into two groups, and the two groups of bolt through holes a1.13 are distributed in a staggered and uniform mode from top to bottom. And a positioning platform 1.14 is processed on the outer side of the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the annular groove 1.12 corresponding to the bolt through hole a1.13 and used for positioning when a bolt is screwed.
Twelve bolt through holes b1.21 are processed on the lower side of the short cylindrical ring 1.2, wherein every six bolt through holes b1.21 form one group, the twelve bolt through holes b1.21 are divided into two groups, and the two groups of bolt through holes b1.21 are staggered up and down and are uniformly distributed.
The vernier caliper 1.3 is formed by assembling a friction semi-cylinder 1.31, a main vernier caliper 1.32, a tightening bolt 1.33, a first friction plate 1.34, a second friction plate 1.35, a vernier caliper 1.36, a tightening screw 1.37 and a locking knob 1.38. The right rectangular wedge 1.312 of the friction semi-cylinder 1.31 is inserted into the similar main ruler 1.32 and inserted into the similar main ruler 1.321, and is fixed by tightening the bolt 1.33. The first friction plate 1.34 is fixed on the lower side of the ruler handle 1.322 of the similar main ruler 1.32 through the tightening screw 1.37, and the second friction plate 1.35 is fixed on the inner side wall 1.3614 on the non-scale side of the similar vernier 1.36 through the tightening screw 1.37. The similar main scale 1.32 is inserted from the left port of the rectangular groove 1.3611 on the left side of the similar vernier 1.36, and two locking knobs 1.38 are screwed on the upper side a1.3225 of the handle of the similar main scale 1.32 and the outer wall 1.3615 on the side of the similar vernier 1.36 without scales.
The left side of the friction semi-cylinder 1.31 is a semi-cylinder 1.311, the right side is a rectangular wedge 1.312, and two bolt through holes c1.3121 are evenly distributed on the rectangular wedge 1.312. The left side of the similar main ruler 1.32 is provided with a ruler insert 1.321, and the right side is provided with a ruler handle 1.322. The middle of the ruler insert 1.321 is a rectangular through groove 1.3211, and two bolt through holes d1.3212 are uniformly distributed on the upper and lower side walls of the rectangular through groove 1.3211 of the ruler insert 1.321 and correspondingly matched with the through holes on the rectangular wedges 1.312. A ruler 1.3221 with the thickness of 20mm is carved on the upper side of the ruler handle 1.322 from left to right, four threaded blind holes 1.3222 are distributed at four corners of the lower side of the ruler handle 1.322, two threaded holes a1.3223 are distributed in the center of the ruler handle 1.322, and two locking knobs 1.38 are screwed in from the middle two threaded holes a 1.3223. The first friction plate 1.34 is a rectangular thin steel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm, and the size of the first friction plate is consistent with that of the lower side surface a1.3224 of the handle 1.322 of the similar main ruler 1.32. Four counter bores a1.341 are distributed at four corners of a first friction plate 1.34, an upper side b1.342 of the first friction plate is smooth, the roughness of a lower side b1.343 of the first friction plate is 3.2, and the smooth side is matched with the lower side a1.3224 of the handle of the similar main ruler 1.32 during assembly. The second friction plate 1.35 is a rectangular thin steel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm and the size of the second friction plate is consistent with that of the inner side wall 1.3614 of the vernier-like 1.36. Two counter bores b1.351 are distributed at the left end and the right end of the second friction plate 1.35, the upper side face c1.352 of the second friction plate 1.35 is smooth, the lower side face c1.353 is rough, and the roughness is 3.2; the smooth side engages the inside wall 1.3614 of the non-graduated side of the vernier-like 1.36 when assembled. The left side of the vernier-like scale 1.36 is provided with a dovetail groove guide rail 1.361, and the right side is provided with a semicircular rotating shaft 1.362. A rectangular groove 1.3611 is reserved in the middle of the dovetail groove guide rail 1.361, and the ruler handle 1.322 of the similar main ruler 1.32 is inserted from the left port of the rectangular groove 1.3611. A graduated scale 1.3612 is arranged on one side of the inclined side wall of the dovetail groove guide rail 1.361, and the distance between every two graduated scales is 0.95 mm. Four threaded holes b1.3613 are distributed on the side wall of the rectangular groove 1.3611 on the side without scales. The two threaded holes b1.3613 are matched with the tightening screws 1.37 to fix the second friction plate 1.35, and the two locking knobs 1.38 are screwed in from the two threaded holes b1.3613 in the middle. A through hole a1.3621 is arranged in the middle of the right semicircular rotating shaft 1.362, and the through hole a1.3621 is matched with the rotating groove 1.41 of the rotating shaft 1.4, so that the radial and transverse freedom degrees of the vernier-like caliper 1.3 are controlled, and the rotating freedom degree of the vernier-like caliper 1.3 is limited.
The rotating shaft 1.4 sequentially comprises a rotating groove 1.41, a rotating middle shaft 1.42 and a fixed table 1.43 from bottom to top. Two rotating grooves 1.41 are symmetrically distributed left and right by taking the rotating middle shaft 1.42 as the center, and through holes c1.411 are arranged on the side walls of the rotating grooves 1.41. The rotation center shaft 1.42 is connected with a rotation groove 1.41 and a fixed platform 1.43, four threaded holes 1.431 are uniformly distributed at four corners of the fixed platform 1.43, and a rotation shaft 1.4 is fixed on the cantilever beam 3 through the fixed platform 1.43 by matching with a tightening screw 1.37.
The assembling process of the fatigue wear testing clamp 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is detailed as follows:
s1, the flexible wheel base 1.1 is fixed with the UMT rotating platform 2 through bolt connection.
S2, one end of the short cylinder ring 1.2, which is provided with a bolt through hole b1.21, is inserted into the annular groove 1.12 of the similar flexible gear base 1.1. And aligning the bolt through hole b1.21 on the short cylinder ring 1.2 with the bolt through hole a1.13 on the similar flexible gear base 1.1, and fixing the short cylinder ring 1.2 on the similar flexible gear base 1.1 through 12 bolts.
S3, assembling the vernier caliper 1.3: the right rectangular wedge 1.312 of the friction semi-cylinder 1.31 is inserted into the rectangular through groove 1.3211 of the similar main ruler 1.32 and the similar main ruler 1.32 is fixed by tightening the bolt 1.33. The smooth side of the first friction plate 1.34 is matched with the lower side face a1.3224 of the handle 1.322 of the similar main scale 1.32 and is fixed on the lower side of the handle 1.322 of the similar main scale 1.32 through a tightening screw 1.37. The smooth side of the second friction plate 1.35 is matched with the inner side wall 1.3614 on the non-scale side of the vernier scale 1.36, and is fixed on the inner side wall 1.3614 on the non-scale side of the vernier scale 1.36 through the tightening screw 1.37. Now, the class main scale 1.32 with the first friction plate 1.34 is inserted from the left port of the rectangular groove 1.3611 on the left side of the class vernier 1.36, and the two locking knobs 1.38 are respectively screwed on the upper side a1.3225 of the handle of the class main scale 1.32 and the outer wall 1.3615 on the non-scale side of the class vernier 1.36.
S4, inserting the side of the assembled vernier caliper 1.3 with the semicircular rotating shaft 1.362 into the rotating groove 1.41 in the rotating shaft 1.4, and fastening by tightening the bolt.
And S5, fixing the rotating shaft 1.4 provided with the vernier-like caliper 1.3 on the cantilever beam 3 through the fixing table 1.43 by bolts.
And S6, fixing the cantilever beam 3 on the torque sensor 4.
The working principle of the fatigue wear testing clamp 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is explained in detail.
S1, the vernier-like caliper 1.3 supports the short cylindrical ring 1.2 to generate elliptical deformation. The effect of the short cylinder ring 1.2 generated deformation is consistent with the deformation effect generated by the flexible gear supported by the wave generator in the harmonic reducer.
S2, the working process of the vernier-like caliper 1.3 is as follows: s2.1, 20mm scales 1.3221 are marked on the upper side of the similar main scale 1.32 scale handle from left to right, and the distance between every two scales is 1 mm. One side of the inclined side wall of the dovetail groove guide rail similar to the vernier 1.36 is provided with a graduated scale 1.3612 with 20 graduations, and the distance between every two graduations is 0.95 mm. The similar vernier caliper 1.3 with the measuring range of 0-20 mm and the accuracy of 0.05mm is formed by organically combining the similar main ruler 1.32 and the similar vernier caliper 1.36.
S2.2, the common vernier caliper is that the vernier scale slides on the main ruler, the vernier-like caliper 1.3 is fixed by the vernier-like ruler 1.36, and the vernier-like ruler 1.32 slides along the dovetail groove guide rail 1.361.
S2.3, a friction plate is uniformly distributed on the lower side a1.3224 of the handle of the similar main scale 1.32 and the inner side wall 1.3614 of the non-scale side of the similar vernier scale 1.36 of the similar vernier caliper 1.3. Meanwhile, each friction plate corresponds to two locking knobs 1.38, and compared with the traditional vernier caliper, the loading load on the friction plates can be increased due to the uniform arrangement of the two locking knobs 1.38, and the load distributed on the friction plates is more uniform. Compared with the traditional vernier caliper, the inside of the vernier caliper 1.3 is provided with two friction plates, so that friction force is generated after the friction plates are tightly pressed by the locking knob 1.38. Once fixed, the quasi-main scale 1.32 does not move radially under any external force.
S2.4, the side, with the semicircular rotating shaft 1.362, of the vernier-like caliper 1.36 of the vernier-like caliper 1.3 is inserted into the rotating groove 1.41 in the rotating shaft 1.4, and the vernier-like caliper 1.3 is fixed in the radial direction and the transverse direction by tightening bolts. The rotary slot 1.41 is also semi-cylindrical but of larger diameter than the semi-circular axis of rotation and extends outwardly in a direction perpendicular to the radial interface. Through accurate calculation, the vernier-like caliper 1.3 can rotate +/-1 degree in the rotating groove 1.41. The self-adaptive mode ensures that the excircle of the friction semi-cylinder 1.31 and the inner wall of the short cylinder ring 1.2 are always in line-surface contact in the whole process of a friction experiment.
S3, an embodiment in which the jig ensures that the short cylindrical ring is deformed in a predetermined radial direction, that is, in a radial direction: the inner wall of the short cylinder ring 1.2 is supported by the outward extension of the similar main ruler 1.32 of the similar vernier caliper 1.3, so that the corresponding radial deformation is generated. The formula for calculating the extension distance L of each side type vernier caliper 1.3 is as follows: l ═ 2 Δ L-L1)/2. Wherein D is the inner diameter of the short cylindrical ring 1.2, Delta L is the deformation of the ideal radial direction, namely the radial direction, and L1 is the end surface distance of the friction semicylinders 1.31 at two sides after the assembly.
S4, monitoring the torque generated in the friction process of the friction semi-cylinder 1.31 and the inner wall of the short cylinder circular ring 1.2 in real time through a torque sensor in the experimental process, wherein the torque is in direct proportion to the friction coefficient in the experimental process, and the change rule of the friction coefficient in the friction experimental process can be obtained through processing torque data in the experimental process.
The friction semi-cylinder 1.31 is made of GCr15 bearing steel, and the rest parts are made of high-strength alloy steel.
The material of the rotating shaft 1.4 is high-strength alloy steel.
The flexspline-like base 1.1 is made of carbon fiber composite materials, and the short cylinder ring 1.2 is made of short cylinder rings 1.2 which are made of materials, processed and treated by processes, and have radial dimension and precision requirements consistent with those of a flexspline cup body of the harmonic reducer.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention uses the vernier caliper to support the short cylinder ring to generate deformation for friction experiment, and can conveniently obtain the radial deformation of the short cylinder ring. The influence mechanism of the radial deformation of the flexible gear on the fatigue wear of the flexible gear can be definitely obtained by changing the elongation of the vernier-like caliper. 2. In addition, the response characteristic of the wall thickness of the flexible gear to the fatigue wear of the flexible gear under the condition of the same radial deformation of the flexible gear can be measured by continuously changing the wall thickness of the short cylinder ring. 3. Compared with the whole machine experiment, the invention can obtain the same result as the whole machine experiment only by two consumable items of the friction semi-cylinder and the short cylinder ring, thereby saving the experiment materials and improving the experiment efficiency. 4. The fatigue wear performance of the flexible gear materials of different types can be tested by correspondingly adjusting the sizes of the flexible gear base and the short cylinder ring of the harmonic reducer of different specifications according to the sizes of the flexible gears of the harmonic reducer of different specifications.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an assembly diagram of a fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately adjusting and controlling radial deformation of a flexible gear in a system to be tested.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately adjusting and controlling radial deformation of a flexible gear.
Fig. 3 is a view of a flexspline-like base.
Fig. 4.1 is a short cylinder ring diagram.
Fig. 4.2 is a short cylinder ring diagram.
FIG. 5.1 is a vernier-like caliper map. FIG. 5.2 is a vernier-like caliper map.
FIG. 5.3 is a vernier-like caliper map.
FIG. 6 is a friction semi-cylindrical view.
Fig. 7.1 is a class main scale diagram.
Fig. 7.2 is a class main scale diagram.
Fig. 7.3 is a class main scale diagram.
Figure 8.1 is a drawing of a friction plate.
Figure 8.2 is a drawing of the friction plate.
FIG. 9.1 is a second drawing of the friction plate.
FIG. 9.2 is a second drawing of the friction plate.
Fig. 10.1 is a vernier-like diagram.
Fig. 10.2 is a vernier-like diagram.
Fig. 10.3 is a vernier-like diagram.
Fig. 11 is a view of tightening a screw.
FIG. 12 is a view of the locking knob.
Fig. 13 is a rotation axis view.
Fig. 14 is a first example assembly view.
Fig. 15 is a second assembly view example.
Fig. 16 is an assembly view example three.
Fig. 17 is an assembly view example four.
Fig. 18 is an assembly drawing example five.
Fig. 19 is an assembly drawing example six.
Fig. 20 is an assembly drawing example seven.
Fig. 21 is an assembly drawing example eight.
Fig. 22 is an assembly view example nine.
Fig. 23 is an assembly drawing example ten.
Fig. 24 is an assembly drawing example eleven.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to a flexspline of a harmonic reducer model SHF25-80 from HD as a prototype, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The procedure for using the fixture in the test is as follows
The first step is as follows: firstly, assembling the clamp according to the assembling process of the fatigue wear testing clamp 1 capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear.
The second step is that: and (3) calculating the radial extension distance L of the vernier-like caliper according to a formula L which is (D +2 delta L-L1)/2, sliding the main vernier-like calipers on the left side and the right side outwards along the dovetail groove guide rail of the vernier-like caliper by the distance L, and fixing the main vernier-like calipers by a locking knob.
The third step: and uniformly coating a layer of lubricating grease on the inner wall of the short cylinder ring, and slowly inserting the vernier-like caliper into the short cylinder ring.
The fourth step: UMT spin experiments were performed.
The fifth step: and (4) slowly moving the vernier-like caliper out of the short cylinder ring after the test is finished.
And a sixth step: if the test is to be continued, the friction semi-cylinder on the short cylinder ring and the vernier-like caliper is replaced, and then the test can be restarted.
The seventh step: and (5) after the experiment is finished, disassembling the experiment clamp. (after the test, the vernier caliper can be used directly next time without disassembling)
Note that:
1. the short cylinder ring 1.2 ensures that the material, heat treatment process, machining process, radial dimension and precision requirements are completely consistent with those of the flexible gear in the manufacturing process, and the height is 15 mm. The other types of flexible gears can correspondingly adjust the height of the short cylinder ring 1.2 according to the actual situation.
2. The extension length of the two vernier calipers 1.3 is adjusted, and the locking knob 1.38 is screwed down and then inserted into the short cylinder ring 1.2.
3. Before the vernier caliper 1.3 is inserted into the short cylinder ring 1.2, a layer of lubricating grease must be uniformly coated on the inner wall of the short cylinder ring, and the upper end face of the friction semicircle is ensured to be flush with the upper surface of the short cylinder ring.
4. During the friction experiment, the rotating shaft 1.4 and the fixed vernier caliper 1.3 are fixed. The flexible wheel base 1.1 and the short cylinder ring 1.2 are driven by the UMT rotating platform to rotate.
5. After the test is finished, the vernier-like caliper 1.3 is required to be slowly moved out of the short cylindrical ring 1.2, and then the rest components are disassembled.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a can accurate regulation and control fatigue wear test fixture of flexbile gear radial deflection which characterized in that: the fatigue wear test fixture (1) capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear consists of four basic components, namely a flexible gear-like base (1.1), a short cylinder ring (1.2), a vernier caliper (1.3) and a rotating shaft (1.4);
the fatigue wear test fixture (1) capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is obtained through the connection and the matching of the four basic components; the flexible wheel base (1.1) is fixedly connected with the UMT rotating table (2) through bolts, and the short cylinder ring (1.2) is fixedly connected with the flexible wheel base (1.1) through bolts; two vernier-like calipers (1.3) are symmetrically arranged, one end of each vernier-like caliper (1.3) extends outwards and is supported on the inner wall of the short cylinder ring (1.2), and the other end of each vernier-like caliper is fixed on the rotating shaft (1.4); the rotating shaft (1.4) is fixedly connected to the cantilever beam (3) through a bolt, and the cantilever beam (3) is connected with the torque sensor (4); therefore, a fatigue wear test fixture (1) capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is composed of a similar flexible gear base (1.1), a short cylinder ring (1.2), a similar vernier caliper (1.3) and a rotating shaft (1.4), the fatigue wear test fixture (1) capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is placed in a test system composed of a UMT rotating table (2), a cantilever beam (3) and a torque sensor (4), and the test system is used for testing the influence mechanism of the long shaft size of a wave generator and the wall thickness of the flexible gear on the fatigue wear of the flexible gear;
the flexible wheel base (1.1) is fixed with the UMT rotating table (2) through a cup bottom brim edge countersunk hole (1.11) and a bolt; an annular groove (1.12) is formed in the top end of the cup body of the flexible gear-like base (1.1), and the short cylinder annular ring (1.2) is inserted into the cup body of the flexible gear-like base (1.1) through the annular groove (1.12); twelve bolt through holes a (1.13) are processed on the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the annular groove (1.12), wherein every six bolt through holes a (1.13) form one group, the twelve bolt through holes a (1.13) are divided into two groups, and the two groups of bolt through holes a (1.13) are vertically and uniformly distributed in a staggered manner; a positioning platform (1.14) is processed on the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the annular groove (1.12) corresponding to the bolt through hole a (1.13) and used for positioning when a bolt is screwed down;
twelve bolt through holes b (1.21) are processed at the lower side of the short cylindrical ring (1.2), wherein every six bolt through holes b (1.21) form one group, the twelve bolt through holes b (1.21) are divided into two groups, and the two groups of bolt through holes b (1.21) are staggered up and down and are uniformly distributed;
the vernier caliper (1.3) is formed by assembling a friction semi-cylinder (1.31), a main vernier caliper (1.32), a tightening bolt (1.33), a first friction plate (1.34), a second friction plate (1.35), a vernier caliper (1.36), a tightening screw (1.37) and a locking knob (1.38); the right rectangular wedge (1.312) of the friction semi-cylinder (1.31) is inserted into the ruler insert (1.321) of the similar main ruler (1.32) and fixed by screwing the bolt (1.33); fixing the first friction plate (1.34) at the lower side of the ruler handle (1.322) of the similar main ruler (1.32) through a tightening screw (1.37), and fixing the second friction plate (1.35) on the inner side wall (1.3614) at the non-scale side of the similar vernier (1.36) through the tightening screw (1.37); firstly, inserting a similar main scale (1.32) from the left port of a rectangular groove (1.3611) on the left side of the similar vernier (1.36), and then respectively screwing two locking knobs (1.38) on the upper side surface a (1.3225) of a scale handle of the similar main scale (1.32) and the outer wall (1.3615) on the side of the similar vernier (1.36) without scales;
the left side of the friction semi-cylinder (1.31) is a semi-cylinder (1.311), the right side of the friction semi-cylinder is a rectangular wedge (1.312), and two bolt through holes c (1.3121) are uniformly distributed on the rectangular wedge (1.312); the left side of the similar main ruler (1.32) is provided with a ruler insert (1.321), and the right side is provided with a ruler handle (1.322); the middle of the ruler insert (1.321) is provided with a rectangular through groove (1.3211), and the upper and lower side walls of the rectangular through groove (1.3211) of the ruler insert (1.321) are uniformly distributed with two bolt through holes d (1.3212) which are correspondingly matched with the through holes on the rectangular wedge (1.312); a ruler (1.3221) with the thickness of 20mm is carved on the upper side surface of the ruler handle (1.322) from left to right, four threaded blind holes (1.3222) are distributed at four corners of the lower side surface of the ruler handle (1.322), two threaded holes a (1.3223) are distributed in the center of the ruler handle (1.322), and two locking knobs 1.38 are screwed in from the middle two threaded holes a (1.3223); the first friction plate (1.34) is a rectangular thin steel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm, and the size of the first friction plate is consistent with that of the lower side a (1.3224) of the ruler handle of the similar main ruler (1.32); four counter bores a (1.341) are distributed at four corners of the first friction plate (1.34), the upper side face b (1.342) of the first friction plate is smooth, the roughness of the lower side face b (1.343) is 3.2, and the smooth side is matched with the lower side face a (1.3224) of the ruler handle of the similar main ruler (1.32) during assembly; the second friction plate (1.35) is a rectangular thin steel sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm and the size consistent with that of the inner side wall (1.3614) of the vernier-like ruler (1.36); two counter bores b (1.351) are distributed at the left end and the right end of the second friction plate (1.35), the upper side face c (1.352) of the second friction plate (1.35) is smooth, the lower side face c (1.353) is rough, and the roughness is 3.2; when in assembly, the smooth side is matched with the inner side wall (1.3614) on the non-scale side of the vernier (1.36); the left side of the vernier (1.36) is provided with a dovetail groove guide rail (1.361), and the right side is provided with a semicircular rotating shaft (1.362); a rectangular groove (1.3611) is reserved in the middle of the dovetail groove guide rail (1.361), and a ruler handle (1.322) of the similar main ruler (1.32) is inserted from the left port of the rectangular groove (1.3611); one surface of the inclined side wall of the dovetail groove guide rail (1.361) is provided with a graduated scale (1.3612), and the distance between every two graduated scales is 0.95 mm; four threaded holes b (1.3613) are distributed on the side wall of the rectangular groove (1.3611) at the side without scales; two threaded holes b (1.3613) at two ends are matched with tightening screws (1.37) to fix the second friction plate (1.35), and two locking knobs (1.38) are screwed in from two threaded holes b (1.3613) in the middle; a through hole a (1.3621) is arranged in the middle of the right semicircular rotating shaft (1.362), the through hole a (1.3621) is matched with a rotating groove (1.41) of the rotating shaft (1.4), the radial and transverse freedom degree of the vernier-like caliper (1.3) is controlled, and the rotating freedom degree of the vernier-like caliper (1.3) is limited;
the rotating shaft (1.4) sequentially comprises a rotating groove (1.41), a rotating middle shaft (1.42) and a fixed platform (1.43) from bottom to top; two rotating grooves (1.41) are symmetrically distributed left and right by taking the rotating middle shaft (1.42) as the center, and through holes c (1.411) are arranged on the side walls of the rotating grooves (1.41); the rotating middle shaft (1.42) is connected with a rotating groove (1.41) and a fixing table (1.43), four threaded holes (1.431) are uniformly distributed at four corners of the fixing table (1.43), and a rotating shaft (1.4) is fixed on the cantilever beam (3) through the fixing table (1.43) in a matched and screwed mode through screws (1.37).
2. The fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the assembling process of the fatigue wear testing clamp (1) capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is detailed as follows:
s1, fixing the flexible wheel-like base (1.1) and the UMT rotating table (2) through bolt connection;
s2, one end of the short cylinder ring (1.2) provided with a bolt through hole b (1.21) is inserted into the annular groove (1.12) of the flexspline-like base (1.1); aligning a bolt through hole b (1.21) on the short cylinder ring (1.2) with a bolt through hole a (1.13) on the similar flexible gear base (1.1), and fixing the short cylinder ring (1.2) on the similar flexible gear base (1.1) through 12 bolts;
s3, assembling the vernier-like caliper (1.3): the right rectangular wedge (1.312) of the friction semi-cylinder (1.31) is inserted into the rectangular through groove (1.3211) of the ruler insert (1.321) of the similar main ruler (1.32), and is fixed on the similar main ruler (1.32) by screwing the bolt (1.33); the smooth side of the first friction plate (1.34) is matched with the lower side surface a (1.3224) of the similar main scale handle (1.322) and fixed on the lower side of the handle (1.322) of the similar main scale (1.32) through a tightening screw (1.37); the smooth side of the second friction plate (1.35) is matched with the inner side wall (1.3614) of the non-scale side of the similar vernier (1.36), and the second friction plate is fixed on the inner side wall (1.3614) of the non-scale side of the similar vernier (1.36) through a tightening screw (1.37); inserting a class main scale (1.32) provided with a first friction plate (1.34) from a left port of a rectangular groove (1.3611) on the left side of a class vernier (1.36), and respectively screwing two locking knobs (1.38) on the upper side surface a (1.3225) of a scale handle of the class main scale (1.32) and the outer wall (1.3615) on the side of the class vernier (1.36) without scales;
s4, inserting one side of the two assembled vernier calipers (1.3) with the semicircular rotating shafts (1.362) into the rotating grooves (1.41) in the rotating shafts (1.4), and fixing the vernier calipers by screwing bolts;
s5, fixing the rotating shaft (1.4) provided with the vernier-like caliper (1.3) on the cantilever beam (3) through the fixing table (1.43) through bolt connection;
and S6, fixing the cantilever beam (3) on the torque sensor (4).
3. The fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the friction semi-cylinder (1.31) is made of GCr15 bearing steel.
4. The fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of the rotating shaft (1.4) is high-strength alloy steel.
5. The fatigue wear test fixture capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the flexible gear-like base (1.1) is made of carbon fiber composite materials, and the material, the processing and treatment process, the radial dimension and the precision requirement of the short cylinder ring (1.2) are all consistent with those of the flexible gear cup body of the harmonic reducer.
6. The method of testing by the test fixture of claim 1, wherein: the working principle of the fatigue wear testing clamp (1) capable of accurately regulating and controlling the radial deformation of the flexible gear is explained in detail;
s1, the vernier caliper (1.3) supports the short cylindrical ring (1.2) to generate elliptical deformation; the effect of the short cylinder ring (1.2) generated deformation is consistent with the deformation effect generated by the flexible gear supported by the wave generator in the harmonic reducer;
s2, the working process of the vernier-like caliper (1.3) is as follows: s2.1, 20mm of scales (1.3221) are marked on the upper side face of the ruler handle of the similar main ruler (1.32) from left to right, and the distance between every two scales is 1 mm; one surface of the inclined side wall of the dovetail groove guide rail similar to the vernier (1.36) is provided with a graduated scale (1.3612) with 20 scales, and the distance between every two scales is 0.95 mm; the similar main ruler (1.32) and the similar vernier caliper (1.36) are organically combined to form a similar vernier caliper (1.3) with a measuring range of 0-20 mm and accuracy of 0.05 mm;
s2.2, the common vernier caliper is that a vernier scale slides on a main ruler, a similar vernier caliper (1.3) is fixed by a similar vernier scale (1.36), and a similar main ruler (1.32) slides along a dovetail groove guide rail (1.361);
s2.3, a friction plate is uniformly distributed on the lower side a (1.3224) of the handle of the similar main scale (1.32) of the vernier-like caliper (1.3) and the inner side wall (1.3614) of the non-scale side of the similar vernier caliper (1.36); meanwhile, each friction plate corresponds to two locking knobs (1.38);
s2.4, inserting one side, provided with a semicircular rotating shaft (1.362), of a vernier-like caliper (1.36) of the vernier-like caliper (1.3) into a rotating groove (1.41) in the rotating shaft (1.4), and radially and transversely fixing the vernier-like caliper (1.3) by screwing a bolt; the rotary groove (1.41) is also semi-cylindrical, but larger in diameter than the semi-circular axis of rotation and extends outwardly in a direction perpendicular to the radial interface; through accurate calculation, the vernier-like caliper (1.3) can rotate +/-1 degree in the rotating groove (1.41); the self-adaptive mode ensures that the excircle of the friction semi-cylinder (1.31) is always in line-surface contact with the inner wall of the short cylinder ring (1.2) in the whole process of a friction experiment;
s3, an embodiment in which the jig ensures that the short cylindrical ring is deformed in a predetermined radial direction, that is, in a radial direction: the inner wall of the short cylindrical ring (1.2) is supported by extending outwards a similar main ruler (1.32) of the similar vernier caliper (1.3) to generate corresponding radial deformation; the formula for calculating the extension distance L of each side vernier caliper (1.3) is as follows: l ═ 2 Δ L-L1)/2; wherein D is the inner diameter of the short cylindrical ring (1.2), Delta L is the ideal radial deformation, namely the radial deformation, and L1 is the end face distance of the friction semicylinders (1.31) at two sides after assembly;
s4, monitoring the torque generated in the friction process of the inner wall of the friction semi-cylinder (1.31) and the short cylinder ring (1.2) in real time through a torque sensor in the experimental process, wherein the torque is in direct proportion to the friction coefficient in the experimental process, and the change rule of the friction coefficient in the friction experimental process can be obtained through processing torque data in the experimental process.
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