CN108547674B - Movable biomass power generation system and power generation method - Google Patents

Movable biomass power generation system and power generation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108547674B
CN108547674B CN201810623599.2A CN201810623599A CN108547674B CN 108547674 B CN108547674 B CN 108547674B CN 201810623599 A CN201810623599 A CN 201810623599A CN 108547674 B CN108547674 B CN 108547674B
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power generation
outlet
combustion
biomass
inlet
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CN108547674A (en
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王鹏杰
许世森
李小宇
徐越
任永强
樊强
罗丽珍
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006Layout of treatment plant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable biomass power generation system and a power generation method, wherein the movable biomass power generation system comprises a feeding device, a combustion device, a power generation device, a heat supply device and a dust removal device; the outlet of the feeding device is connected with the inlet of the combustion device, the outlet of the combustion device is connected with the inlet of the power generation device, the outlet of the power generation device is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange device, the outlet of the heat supply device is connected with the inlet of the dust removal device, and the outlet of the dust removal device is communicated with the atmosphere; the biomass is used as a raw material, hot smoke is generated by combustion, the hot gas type generator is driven to generate power, and the generated hot smoke can generate hot water through the heat exchange system to realize cogeneration; the power generation system can generate power by adopting biomass scattered in the nature as a raw material, and can supply hot water while generating power so as to realize cogeneration; in addition, the power generation system can be moved according to actual needs, local material taking and mobile power supply can be realized, the power utilization problem of a power grid-free area is solved, energy conservation and environmental protection are realized, and heat and power cogeneration can be realized.

Description

Movable biomass power generation system and power generation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass power generation, in particular to a movable biomass power generation system and a power generation method.
Background
The energy source is an important foundation of national economy and is a basic material guarantee necessary for human production and life. At present, energy supply mainly depends on fossil energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like, the limitation of fossil energy sources and environmental problems caused in the development and utilization process of fossil resources severely restrict the sustainable development of economy and society. Biomass energy has the characteristics of green, low carbon, cleanness, regeneration and the like, is an important renewable energy source, and is a fourth largest energy source after petroleum, coal and natural gas.
At present, the main mode of utilizing biomass energy is a fixed power generation technology, and mainly comprises the technical types of biomass direct combustion power generation, biomass gasification power generation, biomass mixed combustion power generation and the like. The fixed biomass power generation mode has the technical advantage of large biomass processing capacity, but the system is complex, equipment is huge, a biomass receiving and transporting system is needed, and Chinese patent 201710089083.X discloses a positive pressure biomass gasification furnace and coal-fired boiler coupled power generation system, a feeding unit, a gasification unit, a separation unit and a public engineering unit, the system is huge, and the system can only be used for fixed power generation and cannot realize movable power generation. At present, mobile power generation equipment mainly depends on a fuel generator to generate power, but the traditional fuel generator power generation system has the defects of high noise and the necessity of taking fossil energy as power fuel, and has high use cost in late lean oil areas and countries due to fuel shortage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a movable biomass power generation system and a power generation method, which abandon the use of fossil energy, utilize biomass with rich sources as raw materials for power generation, can take local materials and supply power in a movable manner according to actual needs, and solve the power utilization problem in the power grid-free area. Meanwhile, hot water can be produced as a byproduct, so that cogeneration is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A movable biomass power generation system comprises a feeding device 1, a combustion device 2, a power generation device 3, a heat exchange device 4 and a dust removal device 5; the outlet of the feeding device 1 is connected with the inlet of the combustion device 2, the outlet of the combustion device 2 is connected with the inlet of the power generation device 3, the outlet of the power generation device 3 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange device 4, the outlet of the heat exchange device 4 is connected with the inlet of the dust removal device 5, and the outlet of the dust removal device 5 is communicated with the atmosphere; the system is placed in a container to form a mobile biomass power generation system.
The feeding device 1 comprises a metal shell 8, a feeding hopper 6 arranged at the top of the metal shell 8, a screw feeder 7 arranged in the metal shell 8 and with an outlet section extending out of the metal shell 8, and an inlet of the screw feeder 7 communicated with an outlet of the feeding hopper 6; the feeding raw material is wood biomass crushed materials, herbaceous biomass crushed materials or processed materials of two biomasses in the natural world, and the length of the crushed biomasses is less than 5cm.
The combustion device 2 comprises an adiabatic shell 10, a combustion chamber 9 is arranged in the adiabatic shell 10, the combustion chamber 9 is connected with a blower 11, the combustion mode is boiling bubbling combustion, the combustion conversion rate is more than 95%, the ignition mode is diesel oil atomization and automatic ignition, the on-line slag removal and ash removal functions are realized, and hot flue gas at 800-1300 ℃ can be generated during operation.
The power generation device 3 is a hot air power generation device and generates power by using a high-temperature heat source; the power generation device receives the hot smoke of 800-1300 ℃ generated by the combustion device, and simultaneously generates power, the smoke discharging temperature is less than or equal to 600 ℃, and the power generation efficiency is 20-35%.
The hot gas type power generation device is a Stirling generator.
The heat exchange device 4 is a fin type heat exchanger or a tube type heat exchanger, the heat exchange device receives flue gas at the tail part of an outlet of the power generation device, the hot flue gas passes through a shell pass, cold source water or air passes through a tube pass, the heat exchange efficiency is between 70 and 100 percent, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is less than or equal to 100 ℃, the temperature of water inlet is between 0 and 25 ℃, and the temperature of water outlet is between 60 and 85 ℃.
The dust collector 5 adopts a bag-type dust collector, the temperature of the inlet smoke is less than or equal to 100 ℃, the outlet tail gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the concentration of particles in the tail gas is less than 50mg/m 3.
According to the power generation method of the movable biomass power generation system, biomass is taken as a raw material, crushed to be less than 5cm, then the crushed biomass raw material is sent to the feed hopper 6 of the feeding device 1, the crushed biomass raw material is sent to the combustion chamber 9 of the combustion device 2 for combustion through the screw feeder 7, air enters the combustion chamber 9 through the air blower 11, hot flue gas generated by combustion then enters the hot box of the power generation device 3 to drive the power generation device 3 to generate power, the hot flue gas discharged by the power generation device 3 enters the heat exchange device 4 to heat and enter the shell side for water, hot water is generated, tail flue gas of the heat exchange device 4 then enters the dust removal device 5, most solid particles in the tail flue gas are removed, and the purified tail gas is finally discharged to the atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the power generation system can generate power by adopting biomass scattered in the nature as a raw material, and can supply hot water while generating power so as to realize cogeneration. In addition, the power generation system can be moved according to actual needs, local material taking and mobile power supply can be realized, the power utilization problem of a power grid-free area is solved, energy conservation and environmental protection are realized, and heat and power cogeneration can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mobile biomass power generation system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the feeding device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a combustion apparatus.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, a movable biomass power generation system comprises a feeding device 1, a combustion device 2, a power generation device 3, a heat exchange device 4 and a dust removal device 5; the outlet of the feeding device 1 is connected with the inlet of the combustion device 2, the outlet of the combustion device 2 is connected with the inlet of the power generation device 3, the outlet of the power generation device 3 is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange device 4, the outlet of the heat exchange device 4 is connected with the inlet of the dust removal device 5, and the outlet of the dust removal device 5 is communicated with the atmosphere; the system is placed in a container to form a mobile biomass power generation system.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the feeding device 1 comprises a metal housing 8, a feed hopper 6 provided on the top of the metal housing 8, a screw feeder 7 provided in the metal housing 8 with an outlet section extending out of the metal housing 8, and an inlet of the screw feeder 7 communicating with an outlet of the feed hopper 6; the feeding raw material is wood biomass crushed materials, herbaceous biomass crushed materials or processed materials of two biomasses in the natural world, and the length of the crushed biomasses is less than 5cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the combustion device 2 comprises an adiabatic shell 10, a combustion chamber 9 is arranged in the adiabatic shell 10, the combustion chamber 9 is connected with a blower 11, the combustion mode is boiling bubbling combustion, the combustion conversion rate is more than 95%, the ignition mode is diesel atomization and automatic ignition, the on-line deslagging and ash cleaning functions are realized, and hot flue gas at 800-1300 ℃ can be generated during operation.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power generation device 3 is a hot air power generation device, and generates power by using a high-temperature heat source; the power generation device receives the hot smoke of 800-1300 ℃ generated by the combustion device, and simultaneously generates power, the smoke discharging temperature is less than or equal to 600 ℃, and the power generation efficiency is 20-35%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hot gas power generation device is a stirling generator.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange device 4 is a fin type heat exchanger or a tube type heat exchanger, the heat exchange device receives the tail smoke of the outlet of the power generation device, the hot smoke passes through a shell pass, cold source water or air passes through a tube pass, the heat exchange efficiency is between 70 and 100 percent, the temperature of the smoke after heat exchange is less than or equal to 100 ℃, the temperature of the water inlet is between 0 and 25 ℃, and the temperature of the water outlet is between 60 and 85 ℃.
As the preferable implementation mode of the invention, the dust removing device 5 adopts a bag-type dust remover, the temperature of the inlet smoke is less than or equal to 100 ℃, the outlet tail gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the concentration of particles in the tail gas is less than 50mg/m 3.
Examples:
the method is characterized in that bulk material branches in nature are taken as raw materials, crushed to below 5cm and then sent to a feed hopper 6 of a feeding device 1, the branch crushed raw materials are conveyed to a combustion chamber 9 through a screw feeder 7 to be combusted, biomass feeding quantity is 75kg/h, air enters the combustion chamber 9 of a combustion device 2 through a blower 10, flow is 480m 3/h, hot smoke temperature generated by combustion is 1000 ℃, smoke quantity is 1885m 3/h, the hot smoke enters a hot box of a Stirling generator to generate 50kW, hot smoke temperature discharged by the Stirling generator is 595 ℃, the hot smoke at 595 ℃ enters a shell side of a fin type heat exchanger, tube side water inflow quantity is 2.1t/h, water inflow temperature is 10 ℃, water outflow temperature is 70 ℃, tail smoke temperature is 100 ℃, tail smoke enters a bag type dust remover to remove most solid particles in the tail smoke, particle concentration in the purified tail smoke is less than 50mg/m 3, and finally the tail smoke is discharged to the atmosphere. The whole set of power generation system is 4.9 m long, 1.5 m wide, 1.8 m high and 4.5 tons in the middle, and can be placed in a common container to form a movable biomass power generation system.

Claims (5)

1. The movable biomass power generation system is characterized by comprising a feeding device (1), a combustion device (2), a power generation device (3), a heat exchange device (4) and a dust removal device (5); the outlet of the feeding device (1) is connected with the inlet of the combustion device (2), the outlet of the combustion device (2) is connected with the inlet of the power generation device (3), the outlet of the power generation device (3) is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange device (4), the outlet of the heat exchange device (4) is connected with the inlet of the dust removal device (5), and the outlet of the dust removal device (5) is communicated with the atmosphere; the system is placed in a container to form a movable biomass power generation system;
The combustion device (2) comprises an adiabatic shell (10), a combustion chamber (9) is arranged in the adiabatic shell (10), the combustion chamber (9) is connected with a blower (11), the combustion mode is boiling bubbling combustion, the combustion conversion rate is more than 95%, the ignition mode is diesel atomization and automatic ignition, the on-line slag removal and ash removal functions are realized, and hot flue gas at 800-1300 ℃ can be generated during operation;
The power generation device (3) is a hot air power generation device and generates power by using a high-temperature heat source; the power generation device receives the hot smoke of 800-1300 ℃ generated by the combustion device, and simultaneously generates power, the smoke discharging temperature is less than or equal to 600 ℃, and the power generation efficiency is 20-35%;
The heat exchange device (4) is a fin type heat exchanger or a tube type heat exchanger, the heat exchange device receives flue gas at the tail part of an outlet of the power generation device, the hot flue gas passes through a shell pass, cold source water or air passes through a tube pass, the heat exchange efficiency is between 70 and 100 percent, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is less than or equal to 100 ℃, the temperature of water inlet is between 0 and 25 ℃, and the temperature of water outlet is between 60 and 85 ℃.
2. A mobile biomass power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device (1) comprises a metal housing (8), a feed hopper (6) arranged at the top of the metal housing (8), a screw feeder (7) arranged in the metal housing (8) with an outlet section extending out of the metal housing (8), the inlet of the screw feeder (7) being in communication with the outlet of the feed hopper (6); the feeding raw material is wood biomass crushed materials, herbaceous biomass crushed materials or processed materials of two biomasses in the natural world, and the length of the crushed biomasses is less than 5cm.
3. The mobile biomass power generation system of claim 1 wherein said hot gas power generation means is a stirling generator.
4. The movable biomass power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the dust removing device (5) adopts a bag-type dust remover, the temperature of inlet smoke is less than or equal to 100 ℃, outlet tail gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and the concentration of particles in the tail gas is less than 50mg/m 3.
5. The power generation method of the movable biomass power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that biomass is taken as a raw material, the biomass is crushed to be less than 5cm and then is sent to a feed hopper (6) of a feeding device (1), the crushed biomass raw material is conveyed into a combustion chamber (9) of a combustion device (2) through a screw feeder (7) to be combusted, air enters the combustion chamber (9) through a blower (11), hot flue gas generated by combustion then enters a hot box of a power generation device (3) to drive the power generation device (3) to generate power, the hot flue gas discharged by the power generation device (3) enters a heat exchange device (4) to heat and feed water in a shell lifting process, hot water is generated, tail flue gas of the heat exchange device (4) then enters a dust removal device (5), most of solid particles in the tail flue gas are removed, and the purified tail gas is finally discharged to the atmosphere.
CN201810623599.2A 2018-06-15 2018-06-15 Movable biomass power generation system and power generation method Active CN108547674B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109827167A (en) * 2019-01-30 2019-05-31 曾蒙汉 A kind of string type direct combustion cascaded power generating system and method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20110003093U (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-29 김미순 Methods of Employing Dry Food Garbage and Other Biomasses for Gasfication Power Generation
CN104479719A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-04-01 东南大学 Movable device and method for preparing liquid fuel by virtue of straw pyrolysis
CN106025313A (en) * 2016-07-15 2016-10-12 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system capable of realizing CO2 trapping before combustion
CN106593556A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-04-26 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 Biomass burning power generation system and method employing supercritical carbon dioxide cycle
CN208416638U (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-01-22 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 A kind of packaged type biomass power generation system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20110003093U (en) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-29 김미순 Methods of Employing Dry Food Garbage and Other Biomasses for Gasfication Power Generation
CN104479719A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-04-01 东南大学 Movable device and method for preparing liquid fuel by virtue of straw pyrolysis
CN106025313A (en) * 2016-07-15 2016-10-12 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system capable of realizing CO2 trapping before combustion
CN106593556A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-04-26 上海发电设备成套设计研究院 Biomass burning power generation system and method employing supercritical carbon dioxide cycle
CN208416638U (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-01-22 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 A kind of packaged type biomass power generation system

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