A kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation
Technical field
The invention belongs to petroleum gas technical field, more particularly to a kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation.
Background technology
As the hydraulic energy for being transmitted to shaft bottom increases substantially, the hydraulic energy in shaft bottom is not limited to purify sometimes
Shaft bottom.Well section and soft-medium ground on top, when the pressure of jet stream is more than the intensity of rock, it will it is broken to play apparent waterpower
Rock acts on;But overhigh pumping pressure can cause equipment energy consumption to increase, speed-raising does not put forward effect, also increases equipment operation load.Meanwhile with
The increase of well depth, broken rock threshold pressure is gradually increased, and rate of penetration continuously decreases, using high-pressure jet drilling technology and machinery
Combined-breaking rock improves nozzle broken rock hydraulic energy, to improve rate of penetration.In this case it is necessary to different physical parameters
The threshold pressure of rock is studied, and is answered with reaching the scope of application for widening high-pressure jet drilling technology and more economical high-efficiency popularization
Purpose.
Since the matching relationship of well depth, confining pressure, formation lithology and jet stream broken rock threshold pressure lacks effective research means, need
Carry out laboratory experiment using simulator, research different jet pressure advises the influence with rock core efficiency of breaking rock under the conditions of confining pressure
It restrains, the changing rule of different physical property rock core jet stream broken rock threshold pressures under the conditions of apparent high confining pressure, to instruct site operation process
The parameters such as middle bleed type, structure, pump pressure it is preferred, realize that high-pressure jet drilling technology is more economical, efficient popularization and application.
But existing experimental provision can not in real simulation drilling process bottom rock true force-bearing situation.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation, which can simulate difference
X/Y horizontal directions crustal stress and Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure, the load of true triaxial confining pressure is organically combined with jet stream broken rock one
It rises, the true force-bearing situation of bottom rock can not be asked in real simulation drilling process with solving existing jet stream broken rock experimental provision
Topic.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation, including:True triaxial compression system, jet stream broken rock system and fluid
Feed system;
The true triaxial compression system includes:Confining pressure kettle ontology and three compression modules;Three compression modules can
For the intrinsic rock sample loading direction of the confining pressure kettle and the different stress of size, and three stress are not in same plane
It is interior;
The high-pressure fluid medium that the fluid feed system provides can be by the jet stream broken rock systemic effect in described
Rock sample.
Preferably, the jet stream broken rock system and the fluid feed system are also used as compression molding Z in the block simultaneously
Direction compression module forms confining pressure to simulate Z-direction by the high-pressure fluid medium in the die cavity of the confining pressure kettle ontology
Liquid column hydrostatic pressure.
Preferably, the Z-direction compression module further includes the relief valve for being set to the confining pressure kettle ontology.
Preferably, three compression molding another twos in the block are X-direction compression module and Y-direction compression module, and its
In it is at least one be hydraulic pressurization module.
Preferably, the hydraulic pressurization module includes:Hydraulic pressure pushing block, piston rod and hydraulic cylinder;The hydraulic pressure pushing block with
The piston rod is connected, and the hydraulic pressure pushing block is located in the confining pressure kettle ontology.
Preferably, the jet stream broken rock system includes:Central tube, nozzle base, nozzle and lead-screw drive mechanism;
The nozzle is connected to the central tube by nozzle base;
The central tube can be moved by the lead-screw drive mechanism relative to the confining pressure kettle ontology.
Preferably, the distance between nozzle Yu the rock sample of the jet stream broken rock system are adjustable.
Preferably, the nozzle is installed on the nozzle base by screw thread.
Preferably, the jet stream broken rock system further includes:The counter balance pocket being set to outside the central tube.
Preferably, the jet stream broken rock system further includes:Rangefinder for measuring the central tube displacement distance.
It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present invention provides a kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation,
True triaxial confining pressure is loaded and is organically combined with jet stream broken rock, it can not true mould to solve existing jet stream broken rock experimental provision
The true force-bearing situation of bottom rock in quasi- drilling process, analysis obtain hydrostatic in suffered X/Y both directions crustal stress and pit shaft
Column pressure provides in-house laboratory investigation means to the affecting laws of jet stream efficiency of breaking rock for the application of high-pressure jet drilling technology.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Connection diagrams of the Fig. 1 between each system of experimental provision provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the main view sectional view of experimental provision provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of the a-quadrant nozzle base in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the semi-cutaway of nozzle base provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the semi-cutaway of Conventional cone nozzle;
Fig. 6 is the top plan view of cylinder core holding unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1- holders, 2- leading screws, 3- swivel heads, 4- servo motors, 5- rangefinders, 6- central tubes, 7- counter balance pockets, 8-
Nozzle base, 9- nozzles, 10- confining pressure kettle ontologies, 11- upper covers, 12- die cavitys, 13- artificial cores, 14- core holding units, 15- liquid
Pressure pushing block, 16- piston rods, 17- hydraulic cylinders, 18- relief valves, 19- hydraulic stations, 20- high-pressure pumps, 21- clarifiers, 22- water tanks,
23- pipelines.
Specific implementation mode
The invention discloses a kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation, it is horizontal which can simulate different X/Y
Direction crustal stress and Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure, true triaxial confining pressure is loaded and is organically combined with jet stream broken rock, existing to solve
There is jet stream broken rock experimental provision can not be in real simulation drilling process the problem of the true force-bearing situation of bottom rock.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
True triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, core improvement be, including:Very
Three axis compression systems, jet stream broken rock system and fluid feed system;
Wherein, true triaxial compression system includes:Confining pressure kettle ontology 10 and three compression modules;Have in confining pressure kettle ontology 10
For accommodating rock sample, structure is referred to shown in Fig. 2 die cavity 12;Three compression modules can be the rock in confining pressure kettle ontology 10
Sample loading direction and the different stress of size, and three stress are not in the same plane, to simulate the load of true triaxial crustal stress;
The high-pressure fluid medium that fluid feed system provides can be by jet stream broken rock systemic effect in rock sample, to simulate
High-pressure jet rock break-off process.
It can be seen from the above technical scheme that an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock simulated experiments
True triaxial confining pressure is loaded and is organically combined with jet stream broken rock by device, can not to solve existing jet stream broken rock experimental provision
The true force-bearing situation of bottom rock in real simulation drilling process, analysis obtain suffered X/Y both directions crustal stress and pit shaft
For interior liquid column hydrostatic pressure to the affecting laws of jet stream efficiency of breaking rock, the application for high-pressure jet drilling technology provides in-house laboratory investigation
Means.
Three devices for capableing of independent loads stress, such as three may be used in three compression modules of true triaxial compression system
A hydraulic mechanism.In order to meet the requirement that can be placed or taken out rock sample in confining pressure kettle, preferably, jet stream broken rock system and stream
Body feed system is also used as compression molding Z-direction compression molding in the block other than as the equipment of simulated high-pressure jet stream broken rock
Block forms confining pressure to simulate Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure by high-pressure fluid medium in the die cavity 12 of confining pressure kettle ontology 10.Herein
On the basis of, it is only necessary to redesign two compression modules.Through the above scheme, it while meeting Z-direction pressurization and replacing rock
The experiment demand of sample, also achieves simplifying for this experimental provision structure.
In order to advanced optimize above-mentioned technical solution, Z-direction compression module further includes being set to confining pressure kettle ontology 10
Relief valve 18 is specifically as follows the electromagnetic form in its bottom.Degree change die cavity 12 is switched by adjusting electromagnetic relief valve 18
Interior pressure, to simulate different Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressures as needed.
In addition to the Z-direction compression module of front, three compression molding another twos in the block are X-direction compression module and Y-direction
Compression module, and wherein at least one is hydraulic pressurization module, structure is referred to shown in Fig. 1.
Specifically, hydraulic pressurization module includes:Hydraulic pressure pushing block 15, piston rod 16 and hydraulic cylinder 17;Hydraulic pressure pushing block 15 with
Piston rod 16 is connected, and hydraulic pressure pushing block 15 is located in confining pressure kettle ontology 10, and piston rod 16 is located inside hydraulic cylinder 17, hydraulic cylinder
17 are connect with hydraulic station 19 by high-voltage tube, provide hydraulic oil from hydraulic station 19 to hydraulic cylinder 17, hydraulic oil pushes piston rod
16 pressurize to hydraulic pressure pushing block 15, and hydraulic pressure pushing block 15 is made to pressurize to core holding unit 14, and the directions X/Y may be configured as different oil pressure,
To realize the independent loads of X, Y both direction confining pressure;The thrust of two hydraulic cylinders 17 and the Z formed in confining pressure kettle die cavity 12
Direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure is added, and X, the load of Y-direction confining pressure is collectively formed, true triaxial mould is realized jointly with Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure
Quasi- confining pressure load.
In the embodiment that this programme provides, artificial core 13 may be used in rock sample.10 top of confining pressure kettle ontology is equipped with
Upper cover 11 is fixed by bolt and confining pressure kettle ontology 10, and artificial core 13 is replaced to realize by dismantling upper cover 11;Confining pressure kettle sheet
The die cavity 12 with rectangular shape, die cavity 12 are internally provided with core holding unit 14, are fixed on core holding unit 14 in body 10
Artificial core 13.Artificial core 13 can be square shape, and the both sides of 14 horizontal direction of core holding unit are respectively provided with a liquid
Press pushing block 15;When artificial core 13 be cylindrical shape when, can install with the matched core holding unit 14 (see Fig. 6) of cylinder,
And the load of true triaxial confining pressure is reduced to quasi- three axis confining pressures load, i.e. the directions X/Y pressurization is equal.
In a particular embodiment, jet stream broken rock system includes:Central tube 6, nozzle base 8, nozzle 9 and lead screw transmission machine
Structure, structure are referred to shown in Fig. 2;
Wherein, nozzle 9 is connected to central tube 6 by nozzle base 8;
Central tube 6 can be moved by lead-screw drive mechanism relative to confining pressure kettle ontology 10, which has reliable and stable
The advantages of, and lead screw transmission is apart from sharpness of reguulation height.Here lead-screw drive mechanism includes holder 1, leading screw 2 and swivel head 3.
Holder 1 is installed on 11 upper end of upper cover of true triaxial compression system, leading screw 2 is fixed in holder 1, to realize that central tube moves up and down
Function;1 top of holder is fixed with swivel head 3, for driving central tube 6 to rotate;3 top of swivel head is equipped with servo motor 4, real
Existing swivel head 3 rotates and what is moved up and down continuously adjusts.
In order to advanced optimize above-mentioned technical solution, the nozzle 9 and the distance between rock sample of jet stream broken rock system are adjustable
Section, to realize that carrying out nozzle difference sprays the purpose tested away from lower jet stream laws of rock-breaking.
Preferably, nozzle 9 is installed on nozzle base 8 by screw thread.As shown in Fig. 2, 6 bottom of central tube and nozzle base
8 are connected, and nozzle 9 is installed on by screw thread on nozzle base 8, and the nozzle that can replace different types of structure according to demand carries out interior
Experiment, nozzle arrangements can be the various types such as Conventional cone, self-oscillation pulsing jet, cavitation jet, nozzle 9 and nozzle base
Seat 8 is located at 12 top of confining pressure kettle die cavity, and distance is adjustable between 13 upper surface of nozzle 9 and artificial core.As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, it sprays
Multiple positions for installing nozzle 9 are offered on mouth pedestal 8, direction can be inclined and differ, in order to true mould
Intend various jet streams.
In order to advanced optimize above-mentioned technical solution, jet stream broken rock system further includes:It is set to flat outside central tube 6
Weigh chamber 7.The lower section of swivel head 3, true triaxial compression system 11 center of upper cover central tube 6 is installed, 6 external stability of central tube has flat
Weigh chamber 7, for pressure between centre of equilibrium pipe 6 and confining pressure kettle die cavity 12, avoid due in confining pressure kettle die cavity 12 pressure with
Pressure in central tube 6 is close, caused by central tube 6 can not move up and down.
Specifically, jet stream broken rock system further includes:Rangefinder 5 for 6 displacement distance of measuring center pipe.Under swivel head 3
The holder 1 at end is equipped with rangefinder 5, is used for the displacement distance of measuring center pipe 6, to grasp data in real time, improves simulated experiment
As a result order of accuarcy.
Fluid feed system includes mainly high-pressure pump 20, clarifier 21, water tank 22 and pipeline 23 etc..20 entrance of high-pressure pump
It is connect with water tank 22, the outlet of high-pressure pump 20 is connect by high-voltage tube with the swivel head 3 of jet stream broken rock system, is nozzle 9 and confining pressure
Kettle die cavity 12 provides high-pressure fluid medium, and clear water or drilling fluid can be used in fluid media (medium), when using drilling fluid, in pipeline 23 not
Clarifier 21 is installed;Clarifier 21 is installed between the electromagnetic relief valve 18 of true triaxial compression system and water tank 22, for filtering
The solid matters such as the landwaste that jet stream broken rock is formed avoid blocking high-pressure pump 20 and pipeline 23;Electromagnetic relief valve 18, clarifier 21,
It is connected by pipeline 23 between water tank 22 and high-pressure pump 20.
This programme is described further with reference to specific working mode:
Embodiment 1:
Confining pressure kettle upper cover 11 is opened, the artificial core 13 of a certain physical parameter is put into fixed cover 11 after die cavity 12, is opened
Dynamic high-pressure pump 20, servo motor 4 and hydraulic cylinder 17, are arranged experiment parameter, and after nozzle 9 forms and stablizes jet stream, electromagnetism is let out
18 pressure of pressure valve is set as 5MPa, 5MPa liquid column hydrostatic pressures is formed in confining pressure kettle die cavity 12, by 17 oil pressure of X-direction hydraulic cylinder
It is set as 6.5MPa, 17 oil pressure of Y-direction hydraulic cylinder is set as 7MPa, considers the 5MPa hydrostatic columns formed in confining pressure kettle die cavity 12
Pressure, X-direction confining pressure are 11.5MPa, and Y-direction confining pressure is 12MPa;Central tube is moved up and down, can intuitively be obtained by rangefinder 5
Nozzle 9 exports the distance between 13 upper surface of artificial core, starts to test away from after when being optimal spray, waits meeting experiment regulation
After time, high-pressure pump 20, servo motor 4 are closed, exits piston rod 16, closes hydraulic cylinder 17, opens upper cover 11, is taken out artificial
Rock core 13 measures 13 broken rock volume of artificial core and depth, and based on the 13 various sprays speed experiment of multigroup artificial core, analysis comparison is each
Efficiency of breaking rock under spray speed, obtains jet stream broken rock critical speed under this condition.
Embodiment 2:
According to the operating procedure of embodiment 1, electromagnetic relief valve 18 is adjusted, Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure is increased to by 5MPa
10MPa, X horizontal direction oil pressure increase to 13MPa by 6.5MPa, after Y horizontal direction oil pressure increases to 14MPa by 7MPa, consider
The liquid column hydrostatic pressure of 10MPa, X-direction confining pressure are 23MPa, and Y-direction confining pressure is 24MPa, repeats 1 operating procedure of embodiment, has waited for
After experiment, 13 broken rock volume of artificial core and depth are measured, the jet stream broken rock critical speed under the conditions of the confining pressure is obtained.
In conclusion an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of true triaxial jet stream broken rock analogue experiment installations, mainly by true three
Axis compression system, jet stream broken rock system and fluid feed system form, and long-range record can be achieved in all measurements and controller unit
With control.The true triaxial compression system includes mainly confining pressure kettle ontology 10, upper cover 11, die cavity 12, artificial core 13, rock
The components such as heart clamp holder 14, hydraulic pressure pushing block 15, piston rod 16, hydraulic cylinder 17, electromagnetic relief valve 18 and hydraulic station 19;
The jet stream broken rock system includes mainly holder 1, leading screw 2, swivel head 3, servo motor 4, rangefinder 5, center
Pipe 6, counter balance pocket 7, nozzle base 8 and nozzle 9 etc..The fluid feed system, mainly include high-pressure pump 20, clarifier 21,
Water tank 22 and pipeline 23 etc..Experimental Flowing Object is mainly delivered to swivel head fluid inlet by this experimental provision using high-pressure pump, then
It is spurted into the die cavity in confining pressure kettle by the nozzle of central tube lower end, generates high-pressure jet, by adjusting confining pressure kettle body bottom portion
Electromagnetic relief valve change die cavity in pressure, to simulate Z-direction liquid column hydrostatic pressure;Meanwhile two hydraulic cylinders are respectively from two
A different horizontal direction injects high pressure liquid pressure oil, and it is that hydraulic pressure pushing block pressurizes to push piston rod, thrust that hydraulic cylinder provides and
The confining pressure collective effect formed in confining pressure kettle die cavity realizes the load of X, Y-direction different level stress on artificial core surface, can
The thrust for adjusting two hydraulic cylinders as needed, to achieve the purpose that X loads identical or different horizontal stress with Y-direction;It encloses
It presses bottom portion to be equipped with electromagnetic relief valve, the confining pressure in confining pressure kettle die cavity can be adjusted by adjusting electromagnetic relief valve outlet pressure.
True triaxial confining pressure is loaded and is organically combined with jet stream broken rock by the experimental provision, to solve existing jet stream broken rock
Experimental provision can not in real simulation drilling process bottom rock true force-bearing situation, analysis obtains suffered X/Y both directions
To the affecting laws of jet stream efficiency of breaking rock, the application for high-pressure jet drilling technology provides liquid column hydrostatic pressure in crustal stress and pit shaft
In-house laboratory investigation means.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, just to refer each other for identical similar portion between each embodiment.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest range caused.