CN108534970B - High-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device and method - Google Patents
High-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
- G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method capable of measuring the static rigidity of a linear guide rail pair in vertical, pitching, tilting and swaying modes with high efficiency and high precision, wherein a fixing seat of the device is fixed on a horizontal table panel, the guide rail pair and a reference plate are fixed on the fixing seat, and a displacement sensor for measuring the deformation of the guide rail pair is arranged on a sliding block; the pressure sensor is connected with the pressing block; the loading device drives the pressing block to descend, and linear loads F 1 and F 2 are applied to the sliding block through the cylinder respectively; the measuring method of the invention decomposes the loads F 1 and F 2 into four equivalent loads, and the deformation measured by the displacement sensor is converted into four equivalent deformation. The invention ensures the high-efficiency measurement of the static stiffness of the rolling linear guide rail pair, greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of the measurement result, and has important significance for the measurement of the comprehensive static stiffness of the guide rail pair.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rolling linear guide pair testing, and particularly relates to a high-precision linear guide pair static stiffness comprehensive measuring device and method.
Background
Along with the vigorous development of modern manufacturing technology, the manufacturing industry puts higher requirements on numerical control machine tools playing important roles, and the numerical control machine tools are particularly characterized in three aspects of positioning precision, guiding precision and machining precision. The rolling linear guide rail pair has the advantages of small friction resistance, good motion characteristics, long service life, good bearing capacity, good economy and the like, and is widely applied to numerical control machine tools. However, for a long time, foreign products firmly occupy the market of domestic middle-high grade rolling linear guide rail pairs, and the root cause of the situation is that the domestic rolling functional component industry lacks key basic technical research and advanced detection instruments and product performance test equipment.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN105973550A, entitled Linear guide rail pair five static stiffness comprehensive measurement device and method, the patent introduces a device and method for simultaneously measuring five static stiffness of a guide rail pair by only one set of test tools, the method adopts a point loading mode, the loading force distribution is uneven, the interference and coupling relation between deformation in each direction are not considered, the experimental result has a larger difference from the theoretical result, and the experimental effect needs to be further improved. The Chinese patent publication No. CN103017992A, named as device and method for measuring the static stiffness of the linear guide rail pair, requires a plurality of clamp assemblies, and when the static stiffness of the linear guide rail pair is measured, the clamp is required to be replaced frequently, so that the clamping mode is changed, and the experimental complexity and the efficiency are low. The invention patent publication No. CN104075886A, named as a method and a device for testing the static stiffness of a combined part of a modularized linear guide rail pair, the method needs to continuously change the direction of a loading device, so that the structural design of a loading experiment table is complex, the experiment time is long, and the efficiency is low.
In summary, regarding the measurement of the static stiffness of the rolling linear guide rail pair, devices and methods designed by some students at present have certain defects, and a set of measuring devices and methods which have high reliability, high efficiency and simple operation do not exist, so that the evaluation efficiency of the static stiffness of the rolling linear guide rail pair and the development of the high-rigidity design of the rolling linear guide rail pair are seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device and method, which are used for solving the problems of low evaluation efficiency and inaccurate measurement result of the conventional linear guide rail pair static stiffness.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device comprises a table panel, a fixed seat, a reference plate, a pressing block, a pressurizing device, a cylinder, a sliding block and a displacement sensor group, wherein the fixed seat is fixed at the upper end of the table panel;
The upper end surface of the fixed seat is an inclined surface and is used for fixing the guide rail; the sliding direction of the guide rail is vertical to the bevel edge of the longitudinal section of the fixed seat; the reference plate is vertically fixed on the inclined plane at the upper end of the fixed seat; the lower end of the sliding block is fixedly connected with the sliding block; the sliding block and the guide rail form a linear guide rail pair; the upper end face of the sliding block is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane is flush with the horizontal plane; the displacement sensor groups comprise four first displacement sensor groups and two second displacement sensor groups; the testing directions of the four first displacement sensor groups are perpendicular to the upper end face of the fixed seat and are in contact with the upper end face of the fixed seat, and the testing directions are used for measuring the vertical deformation, the inclination angle deformation and the pitch angle deformation of the guide rail pair; the four first displacement sensor group rails are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the guide rail in pairs; the two second displacement sensors are perpendicular to the reference plate and are in contact with the reference plate, and are used for measuring deflection angle deformation of the guide rail pair; the test point connecting lines of the two first displacement sensor groups and the test point connecting lines of the two second displacement sensor groups on the same side are parallel to the sliding direction of the guide rail; the sliding block is provided with a first V-shaped groove and a second V-shaped groove which are perpendicular to each other; the length direction of the first V-shaped groove is parallel to the sliding direction of the guide rail, and the connecting line of the central line of the first V-shaped groove and the central line of the guide rail is perpendicular to the upper end surface of the sliding block; the cylinder is arranged in the first V-shaped groove or the second V-shaped groove; the pressurizing device is arranged at the upper end of the sliding block, pressurizes the sliding block, realizes line contact with the cylinder, and obtains the pressure in the pressurizing process in real time.
A high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, testing vertical static stiffness and inclined static stiffness of a guide rail pair:
Step 1.1, placing a cylinder on a first V-shaped groove, and moving a sliding block to enable the side end of the sliding block to be attached to the inner side of a first guide plate, so that the center of the sliding block is positioned at the center of pressure;
Step 1.2, firstly loading and then unloading the cylinder, and collecting data on the force sensor and the displacement sensor group in real time until unloading is zero;
And 1.3, establishing a reference coordinate system by taking the geometric center of the guide rail pair as the origin of coordinates. The X axis is vertical to the reference plane of the reference plate, the Y axis is along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail, the Z axis is vertical to the upper surface of the sliding block, the loading force F 1 collected by the force sensor is decomposed into an axial force F 1Z parallel to the Z axis and an axial force F 1X parallel to the X axis in the XZ plane, as the distance between the longitudinal center line of the first V-shaped groove on the sliding block and the longitudinal center line of the guide rail pair is T, a tilting moment M B is formed, and the axial force F 1Z is a vertical loading force acting on the sliding block as shown in formula (1); decomposing the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the four first displacement sensor groups into deformation in the vertical and inclined directions according to the formulas (2) and (3);
vertical deformation amount:
Oblique deformation angle:
The four first displacement sensor groups are sequentially arranged in a a, b, c, d rectangular sequence, wherein a and b are higher than c and d; deltaS 1、△S2、△S3、△S4 is the deformation measured by the first displacement sensor at a, b, c, d and DeltaS 5、△S6 is the deformation measured by the two second displacement sensors; d is the center distance between the first displacement sensor groups of the a and D positions or the b and c positions; θ is the included angle between the upper surface of the fixed seat and the horizontal plane;
step2, testing the pitching and yawing static rigidity of the guide rail pair:
Step 2.1, placing the cylinder on the second V-shaped groove, and moving the sliding block to enable the side end of the sliding block to be attached to the inner side of the second guide plate, so that the center of the cylinder is located at the pressure center;
Step 2.2, firstly loading and then unloading the cylinder, and acquiring data on the force sensor, the first displacement sensor group and the second displacement sensor in real time in the process until unloading is zero;
2.3, decomposing the loading force F 2 acquired by the force sensor into an axial force F 2Z parallel to the Z axis and an axial force F 2X parallel to the X axis in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the second V-shaped groove, wherein the vertical distance from the geometric center point of the upper surface of the sliding block to the longitudinal center line of the second V-shaped groove is H, so that a pitching moment M A and a yawing moment M C are formed, as shown in a formula (4); decomposing the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the first displacement sensor group and the second displacement sensor into deformation in the pitching and yawing directions according to the formulas (5) and (6);
Pitch deformation angle:
Deflection deformation angle:
Wherein L is the center distance between the two second displacement sensors; k is the center distance between the first displacement sensor groups at the a and b positions or the c and d positions;
and 4, respectively drawing the decomposed equivalent load and deformation data in the corresponding direction in a coordinate graph by taking the load as an abscissa and the deformation as an ordinate to respectively obtain vertical, inclined, pitching and swaying static stiffness curves of the guide rail pair, wherein the reciprocal of the slope of each curve is the static stiffness value of the guide rail pair.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) According to the testing device, the first V-shaped groove and the second V-shaped groove are formed in the upper end of the sliding block, the loads are equivalently decomposed into the directions in which the deformations are not interfered with each other, the independent opening of the measurement of vertical, inclined, pitching and yawing static stiffness is realized from the aspects of structural design and method, the problems of coupling and interference between deformation amounts in all directions when one set of tool measures a plurality of static stiffnesses of the guide rail pair are avoided, and the reliability of the measurement of the static stiffness of the rolling linear guide rail pair is improved.
(2) Through increasing the locating reference on fixing base, sliding block and pressure disk, can prevent that the vice sideslip of guide rail in the experimentation, guarantee displacement sensor group measurement station center and slider center coincidence and pressure disk application of force center and atress cylinder center coincidence, solved the problem that the locating factor influences the experimental result.
(3) Four first displacement sensors perpendicular to the upper end face of the fixing seat are symmetrically arranged, two second sensors are symmetrically arranged perpendicular to the reference plate, the effect of homogenizing errors is achieved on deformation measurement, and the deformation measurement result is improved.
(4) The linear loading mode is adopted, so that the load distribution is uniform, the load unbalanced loading phenomenon caused by point loading is avoided, and the influence on experimental results caused by uneven loading force distribution is reduced.
(5) The measuring precision and accuracy of the vertical, inclined, pitching and swaying static stiffness of the rolling linear guide rail pair are improved, meanwhile, the experimental efficiency is ensured, and the vertical, inclined, pitching and swaying static stiffness can be measured at one time by the testing device and the testing method.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a testing apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a testing device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of the sliding block and the fixing base.
Fig. 4 (a-c) are front, left and top views, respectively, of a slider.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a V-groove structure on a slider.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a V-groove cross-sectional shape.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the positioning of the first guide plate when the cylinder is on the first V-groove.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the positioning of the second guide plate when the cylinder is on the second V-groove.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the testing method of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the stress of the cylinder on the first V-groove by the load.
Fig. 11 is a load equivalent exploded view of a cylinder with a load acting on the first V-groove.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the load applied to the cylinder on the second V-groove.
Fig. 13 is a load equivalent exploded view of a cylinder with a load acting on the first V-groove.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of illustrating the technical scheme and technical purposes of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-8, the invention relates to a high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device, which comprises a table panel 1, a fixed seat 2 fixed at the upper end of the table panel, a reference plate 3, a pressurizing device, a displacement sensor clamp 9, a sliding block 8, a displacement sensor group 10 fixed on the sliding block 8 and a cylinder 13;
The upper end surface of the fixed seat 2 is an inclined surface for fixing the guide rail 12; the sliding direction of the guide rail 12 is perpendicular to the bevel edge 21 of the longitudinal section of the fixed seat 2; the reference plate 3 is vertically fixed on the inclined plane at the upper end of the fixed seat 2; the lower end of the sliding block 8 is fixedly connected with a sliding block 11; the slide block 11 and the guide rail 12 form a linear guide rail pair; the upper end face of the sliding block 8 is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane is flush with the horizontal plane; the displacement sensor group 10 comprises four first displacement sensor groups 101 and two second displacement sensor groups 102; the testing directions of the four first displacement sensor groups 101 are perpendicular to the upper end face of the fixed seat 2 and are in contact with the upper end face of the fixed seat 2, and the four first displacement sensor groups are used for measuring the vertical deformation, the inclination angle deformation and the pitch angle deformation of the guide rail pair; the four first displacement sensor groups 101 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the guide rail 12 in pairs; two second displacement sensors 102 are perpendicular to the reference plate 3 and are in contact with the reference plate 3 for measuring deflection angle deformation of the guide rail pair; the test point connecting lines of the two first displacement sensor groups 101 and the test point connecting lines of the two second displacement sensor groups 102 on the same side are parallel to the sliding direction of the guide rail 12; the sliding block 8 is provided with a first V-shaped groove 81 and a second V-shaped groove 82 which are mutually perpendicular; the length direction of the first V-shaped groove 81 is parallel to the sliding direction of the guide rail 12, and the connecting line of the central line of the first V-shaped groove 81 and the central line of the guide rail 12 is perpendicular to the upper end surface of the sliding block 13; the cylinder 13 is arranged in the first V-shaped groove 81 or the second V-shaped groove 82; the pressurizing device is arranged at the upper end of the sliding block 8, pressurizes the sliding block 8, realizes line contact with the cylinder 13, and obtains the pressure in the pressurizing process in real time.
As an embodiment, the pressurizing device comprises a pressing block 4, a pressure sensor 7, a connecting piece 6 and a loading device 5; the pressure sensor 7 is fixed at the lower end of the loading device 5 through a connecting piece 6, and the pressing block 4 is connected with the lower end of the pressure sensor 7; the loading device 5 pressurizes the cylinder 13 on the slide block 8 via the press block 4.
Further, the loading device 5 is a ball screw driven by an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a servo motor.
In other embodiments, the pressurizing device is a numerically controlled machine tool.
Preferably, the included angle between the upper end surface of the fixed seat 2 and the horizontal plane is 30-45 degrees, so that the size of each partial load is uniform after the load is decomposed.
Furthermore, the inclined surface at the upper end of the fixed seat 2 is a step surface and comprises a first inclined surface 22 and a second inclined surface 23; the plane of the first inclined plane 22 is parallel to the plane of the second inclined plane 23, the first inclined plane 22 is positioned at the upper end of the second inclined plane 23, the first inclined plane 22 sinks relative to the second inclined plane 23, and a first boss is formed between the two inclined planes; the guide rail 12 is fixed on the first inclined surface 22, the side surface of the guide rail 12 is contacted with the first boss, and the reference plate 3 is fixed on the second inclined surface 23. The first boss plays a supporting and positioning role on the guide rail 12, so that side slipping of the guide rail byproduct is avoided when the loading force is large.
Further, the sliding block 8 is a step surface, and includes a first plane 83 and a second plane 84; the first plane 83 is located at the upper end of the second plane 84, and the second plane 84 is parallel to the first inclined plane 22; the second plane 84 is sunk relative to the first plane, and a second boss is formed between the two planes; the sliding block 11 is fixed at the lower end of the second plane 84 and is in contact with a second boss, and the second boss plays a role in supporting and positioning the sliding block, so that the sliding block 8 is prevented from sideslip when the loading force is large.
Further, a guide mechanism is arranged between the pressurizing device and the fixed seat 2; in the pressurizing process, the pressurizing direction is opposite to the center of the cylinder 13, and the repeatability of the test result is ensured.
In some embodiments, the guiding mechanism is a guide post, a guide sleeve, and the guide post and the guide sleeve are arranged between the pressurizing device and the fixing seat 2.
In other embodiments, the guide mechanism is a guide plate arranged at the lower end of the pressing block 4, and comprises a first guide plate 41 and a second guide plate 42; the first guide plate 41 and the second guide plate 42 are arranged at two sides of the lower end of the pressing block 4 along the sliding direction of the guide rail 12; when the cylinder 13 is positioned on the first V-shaped groove 81, the sliding block 11 is moved to enable the side end of the sliding block 8 to be attached to the inner side of the first guide plate 41, so that the center of the sliding block 11 is positioned at the pressure center, the sliding block 11 is ensured to be pressed without unbalanced load, and the test result is inaccurate; when the cylinder 13 is located on the second V-shaped groove 82, the sliding block 11 is moved to enable the side end of the sliding block 8 to be attached to the inner side of the second guide plate 42, so that the center of the cylinder 13 is located at the pressure center, and the pressing block 4 is prevented from tilting relative to the cylinder 13, so that the test result is inaccurate.
In the high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device, during testing, a cylinder 13 is firstly placed in a first V-shaped groove 81 on a sliding block 8, a linear load F 1 is applied to the sliding block 8 through the cylinder 13, F 1 is decomposed into two equivalent loads, namely vertical and inclined, the deformation of a guide rail pair measured by a displacement sensor group 101 is converted into deformation components in the vertical and inclined directions, and a loading force-deformation curve in the two directions, namely a vertical static stiffness curve and an inclined static stiffness curve, is obtained; then, the cylinder 13 is placed in the second V-shaped groove 82 on the sliding block 8, a linear load F 2 is applied to the sliding block 8 through the cylinder 13, F 2 is decomposed into two equivalent loads of pitching and swaying, the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the displacement sensor group 102 is converted into deformation components in the pitching and swaying directions, and a loading force-deformation curve in two directions, namely a pitching static stiffness curve and a swaying static stiffness curve, is obtained.
With reference to fig. 9, based on the measuring device of the present invention, the present invention also provides a high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, calibrating a pressure sensor 7 and a displacement sensor group 10, performing zero return initialization processing, determining the maximum loading load according to the rated dynamic load of a linear guide rail pair to be tested, and preloading to eliminate errors caused by installation gaps of all components; to improve the test accuracy.
Preferably, the preloaded load is 1-5% of the maximum loaded load.
Step2, testing vertical static stiffness and inclined static stiffness of the guide rail pair:
Step 2.1, placing the cylinder 13 on the first V-shaped groove 81, and moving the sliding block 11 to enable the side end of the sliding block 8 to be attached to the inner side of the first guide plate 41, so that the center of the sliding block 11 is positioned at the pressure center;
And 2.2, loading the cylinder 13, and starting unloading after loading the cylinder to 20-60% of the rated dynamic load of the guide rail pair, and acquiring data on the force sensor 7 and the displacement sensor group 101 in real time in the process until the unloading is zero.
And 2.3, establishing a reference coordinate system by taking the geometric center of the guide rail pair as the origin of coordinates. The X axis is vertical to the reference plane of the reference plate, the Y axis is along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail, the Z axis is vertical to the upper surface of the sliding block, the loading force F 2 collected by the force sensor is decomposed into an axial force F 1Z parallel to the Z axis and an axial force F 1X parallel to the X axis in the XZ plane, as the distance between the longitudinal center line of the first V-shaped groove on the sliding block and the longitudinal center line of the guide rail pair is T, a tilting moment M B is formed, and the axial force F 1Z is a vertical loading force acting on the sliding block as shown in formula (1); decomposing the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the four first displacement sensor groups 101 into deformation in the vertical and inclined directions according to the formulas (2) and (3); as in fig. 10-11;
vertical deformation amount:
Oblique deformation angle:
Wherein the four first displacement sensor groups 101 are arranged in a a, b, c, d rectangular order in sequence, as shown in fig. 4 (a-c), wherein a, b are located higher than c, d; deltaS 1、△S2、△S3、△S4 is the deformation amount measured by the first displacement sensor group 101 at the four positions a, b, c, d, deltaS 5、△S6 is the deformation amount measured by the two second displacement sensors 102; d is the center distance between the first displacement sensor groups of the a and D positions or the b and c positions; θ is the included angle between the upper surface of the fixing seat and the horizontal plane.
Step 3, testing the pitching and yawing static rigidity of the guide rail pair:
Step 3.1, placing the cylinder 13 on the second V-shaped groove 82, and moving the sliding block 11 to enable the side end of the sliding block 8 to be attached to the inner side of the second guide plate 42, so as to ensure that the center of the cylinder 13 is positioned at the pressure center;
And 3.2, loading the cylinder, and starting unloading after loading the cylinder to 20-60% of the rated dynamic load of the guide rail pair, and acquiring data of the force sensor 7, the first displacement sensor group 101 and the second displacement sensor 102 in real time in the process until the unloading is zero.
Step 3.3, decomposing the loading force F 2 collected by the force sensor into an axial force F 2Z parallel to the Z axis and an axial force F 2X parallel to the X axis in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the second V-shaped groove, wherein the vertical distance from the geometric center point of the upper surface of the sliding block to the longitudinal center line of the second V-shaped groove is H, so as to form a pitching moment M A and a yawing moment M C, as shown in a formula (4); decomposing the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the first displacement sensor group 101 and the second displacement sensor 102 into deformation in the pitching and yawing directions according to the formulas (5) and (6); as in fig. 12-13;
Pitch deformation angle:
Deflection deformation angle:
Wherein L is the center-to-center distance between the two second displacement sensors 10; k is the center distance between the first displacement sensor groups of the a and b positions or the c and d positions.
And 4, respectively drawing the decomposed equivalent load and deformation data in the corresponding direction in a coordinate graph by taking the load as an abscissa and the deformation as an ordinate to respectively obtain vertical, inclined, pitching and swaying static stiffness curves of the guide rail pair, wherein the reciprocal of the slope of each curve is the static stiffness value of the guide rail pair.
Claims (8)
1. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device is characterized by comprising a table panel (1), a fixed seat (2) fixed at the upper end of the table panel (1), a reference plate (3), a pressurizing device, a sliding block (8), a displacement sensor clamp (9), a displacement sensor group (10) and a cylinder (13);
The upper end surface of the fixed seat (2) is an inclined surface and is used for fixing the guide rail (12); the sliding direction of the guide rail (12) is vertical to the bevel edge (21) of the longitudinal section of the fixed seat (2); the reference plate (3) is vertically fixed on the inclined plane at the upper end of the fixed seat (2); the lower end of the sliding block (8) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (11); the sliding block (11) and the guide rail (12) form a linear guide rail pair; the upper end face of the sliding block (8) is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane is flush with the horizontal plane; the displacement sensor group (10) comprises four first displacement sensor groups (101) and two second displacement sensor groups (102); the testing directions of the four first displacement sensor groups (101) are perpendicular to the upper end face of the fixed seat (2) and are in contact with the upper end face of the fixed seat (2), and the four first displacement sensor groups (101) are used for measuring the vertical deformation, the inclination angle deformation and the pitch angle deformation of the guide rail pair, and the four first displacement sensor groups (101) are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the guide rail (12); two second displacement sensor groups (102) are perpendicular to the reference plate (3) and are in contact with the reference plate (3) for measuring deflection angle deformation of the guide rail pair; the test point connecting lines of the two first displacement sensor groups (101) and the test point connecting lines of the two second displacement sensor groups (102) on the same side are parallel to the sliding direction of the guide rail (12); the sliding block (8) is provided with a first V-shaped groove (81) and a second V-shaped groove (82) which are perpendicular to each other; the length direction of the first V-shaped groove (81) is parallel to the sliding direction of the guide rail (12), and the connecting line of the central line of the first V-shaped groove (81) and the central line of the guide rail (12) is perpendicular to the upper end surface of the sliding block (11); the cylinder (13) is arranged in the first V-shaped groove (81) or the second V-shaped groove (82); the pressurizing device is arranged at the upper end of the sliding block (8), pressurizes the sliding block (8), realizes line contact with the cylinder (13), and obtains the pressure in the pressurizing process in real time;
The pressurizing device comprises a pressing block (4), a pressure sensor (7), a connecting piece (6) and a loading device (5); the pressure sensor (7) is fixed at the lower end of the loading device (5) through a connecting piece (6), and the pressing block (4) is connected with the lower end of the pressure sensor (7); the loading device (5) pressurizes a cylinder (13) on the sliding block (8) through the pressing block (4);
The included angle between the upper end face of the fixed seat (2) and the horizontal plane is 30-45 degrees.
2. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the loading device (5) is a ball screw driven by an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a servo motor.
3. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that an inclined plane at the upper end of the fixed seat (2) is a step surface and comprises a first inclined plane (22) and a second inclined plane (23); the plane of the first inclined plane (22) is parallel to the plane of the second inclined plane (23), the first inclined plane (22) is positioned at the upper end of the second inclined plane (23), the first inclined plane (22) sinks relative to the second inclined plane (23), and a first boss is formed between the two inclined planes; the guide rail (12) is fixed on the first inclined plane (22), the side surface of the guide rail (12) is in contact with the first boss, and the reference plate (3) is fixed on the second inclined plane (23).
4. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the sliding block (8) is a step surface and comprises a first plane (83) and a second plane (84); the first plane (83) is positioned at the upper end of the second plane (84), and the second plane (84) is parallel to the first inclined plane (22); the second plane (84) sinks relative to the first plane, and a second boss is formed between the two planes; the sliding block (11) is fixed at the lower end of the second plane (84) and is contacted with a second boss, and the second boss supports and positions the sliding block.
5. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device according to claim 1, wherein a guide mechanism is further arranged between the pressurizing device and the fixing seat (2).
6. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device according to claim 5 is characterized in that the guide mechanism is a guide plate arranged at the lower end of a pressing block (4) and comprises a first guide plate (41) and a second guide plate (42); the first guide plate (41) and the second guide plate (42) are arranged at two sides of the lower end of the pressing block (4) along the sliding direction of the guide rail (12); when the cylinder (13) is positioned on the first V-shaped groove (81), the sliding block (11) is moved to enable the side end of the sliding block (8) to be attached to the inner side of the first guide plate (41), so that the center of the sliding block (8) is positioned at the pressure center; when the cylinder (13) is positioned on the second V-shaped groove (82), the sliding block (11) is moved to enable the side end of the sliding block (8) to be attached to the inner side of the second guide plate (42), so that the center of the cylinder (13) is positioned at the pressure center.
7. The high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device according to claim 5 is characterized in that the guide mechanism is a guide post and a guide sleeve, and the guide post and the guide sleeve are arranged between the pressurizing device and the fixing seat (2).
8. The measurement method based on the high-precision linear guide rail pair static stiffness comprehensive measurement device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, testing vertical static stiffness and inclined static stiffness of a guide rail pair:
step 1.1, placing a cylinder on a first V-shaped groove, and moving a sliding block to enable the side end of the sliding block to be attached to the inner side of a first guide plate, so that the center of the sliding block is located at the pressure center;
Step 1.2, firstly loading and then unloading the cylinder, and collecting data on the force sensor and the displacement sensor group in real time until unloading is zero;
step 1.3, establishing a reference coordinate system by taking the geometric center of the guide rail pair as the origin of coordinates; the X axis is vertical to the reference plane of the reference plate, the Y axis is along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail, the Z axis is vertical to the upper surface of the sliding block, the loading force F 1 collected by the force sensor is decomposed into an axial force F 1Z parallel to the Z axis and an axial force F 1X parallel to the X axis in the XZ plane, as the distance between the longitudinal center line of the first V-shaped groove on the sliding block and the longitudinal center line of the guide rail pair is T, a tilting moment M B is formed, and the axial force F 1Z is a vertical loading force acting on the sliding block as shown in formula (1); decomposing the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the four first displacement sensor groups into deformation in the vertical and inclined directions according to the formulas (2) and (3);
vertical deformation amount:
Oblique deformation angle:
The four first displacement sensor groups are sequentially arranged according to a, b, c, d rectangular sequences, wherein the positions a and b are higher than the positions c and d; deltaS 1、△S2、△S3、△S4 is the deformation measured by the first displacement sensor at a, b, c, d and DeltaS 5、△S6 is the deformation measured by the two second displacement sensors; d is the center distance between the first displacement sensor groups of the a and D positions or the b and c positions; θ is the included angle between the upper surface of the fixed seat and the horizontal plane;
step2, testing the pitching and yawing static rigidity of the guide rail pair:
Step 2.1, placing the cylinder on the second V-shaped groove, and moving the sliding block to enable the side end of the sliding block to be attached to the inner side of the second guide plate, so that the center of the cylinder is located at the pressure center;
Step 2.2, firstly loading and then unloading the cylinder, and acquiring data on the force sensor, the first displacement sensor group and the second displacement sensor in real time in the process until unloading is zero;
2.3, decomposing the loading force F 2 acquired by the force sensor into an axial force F 2Z parallel to the Z axis and an axial force F 2X parallel to the X axis in the longitudinal symmetry plane of the second V-shaped groove, wherein the vertical distance from the geometric center point of the upper surface of the sliding block to the longitudinal center line of the second V-shaped groove is H, so that a pitching moment M A and a yawing moment M C are formed, as shown in a formula (4); decomposing the deformation of the guide rail pair measured by the first displacement sensor group and the second displacement sensor into deformation in the pitching and yawing directions according to the formulas (5) and (6);
Pitch deformation angle:
Deflection deformation angle:
Wherein L is the center distance between the two second displacement sensors; k is the center distance between the first displacement sensor groups at the a and b positions or the c and d positions;
And 3, respectively drawing the decomposed equivalent load and deformation data in the corresponding direction in a coordinate graph by taking the load as an abscissa and the deformation as an ordinate to respectively obtain vertical, inclined, pitching and swaying static stiffness curves of the guide rail pair, wherein the reciprocal of the slope of each curve is the static stiffness value of the guide rail pair.
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