CN108520990A - An electric vehicle battery box and its cooling and heating system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of electric automobile battery box and its heat dissipation, heating system and methods, heat exchange zone is equipped in the shell of battery case, Battery compartment, heat exchange zone is equipped with spaced heat-sink unit, heat pipe, cold pipe installing zone are divided between heat-sink unit and heat-sink unit, heat-sink unit is equipped with heat-dissipating cavity, heat pipe, cold pipe installing zone installation heat pipe, cold pipe, and cold pipe is connected to water tank and forms the circulation loop of coolant liquid；It is equipped with interval between the battery pack and battery pack of Battery compartment, is spaced interior heat-conducting plate, heat pipe and the cold pipe installed and spaced crumple hole is equipped with by the region in soldering connection to heat-conducting plate, being connected with heat exchange zone on the side wall of battery case；It radiates, heating is united and method, is equipped with different heat exchange patterns, and the present invention reduces the probability of battery detonation after car crass, and is improved the heat management of battery case, more preferably to meet the difference that Various Seasonal battery opposite heat tube manages demand.

Description

An electric vehicle battery box and its cooling and heating system and method

technical field

The present invention relates to, more precisely, an electric vehicle battery box and its cooling and heating system and method.

Background technique

With the development of the economy, people are becoming more and more aware of the importance of the environment. Governments of various countries have vigorously promoted new energy vehicles to reduce the damage to the earth caused by people's living activities. Electric vehicles are the main development direction of new energy vehicles. The core technologies of electric vehicles include batteries, motors and electronic controls. At present, the wooden barrel effect of the battery restricts the development of electric vehicles. Nowadays, many automobile manufacturers mostly use lithium-ion batteries as power batteries in order to improve the cruising range of vehicles. First of all, lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high voltage (3.7V), no memory effect, fast charging speed, high specific energy, low self-discharge rate, wide operating temperature range, high safety and reliability. However, deflagration or even explosion will occur after the lithium battery is high temperature or the shell is damaged, such as the deflagration and fire incident after a car accident in a Tesla car.

Now most of the battery boxes adopt the centralized design of batteries, so although the number of batteries placed in a unit volume is large, deflagration will occur due to the excessive concentration of batteries in the event of a car accident, resulting in the phenomenon of continuous fire.

How to thermally manage the battery and reduce the occurrence of deflagration or even explosion after the shell is damaged is an important technical issue.

The Chinese invention patent with the patent number of 201410425413.4 discloses "a water circulation heating type honeycomb structure lithium iron phosphate battery assembly", which consists of two parts: a lithium iron phosphate battery high voltage system and a temperature control system; the lithium iron phosphate battery high voltage system consists of multiple A battery pack, wires, power controller, battery box and fixed card; the temperature control system includes circulating water pipes, water tanks, water pumps, heating pipes and temperature sensors, temperature control circuit; the battery pack consists of multiple battery cells in parallel The cells are arranged in a matrix. The front and back of the cell matrix are connected by conductive metal plates to form a high-voltage circuit. There is a reserved space in the cell matrix, and the circulating water pipes are interspersed in the space; the circulating water The pipeline is connected with the water tank to form a closed space. It measures the ambient temperature of the battery pack through a temperature sensor, and controls the power of the water pump and heating pipe according to the ambient temperature.

It solves heat dissipation and heating by setting circulating water pipes inside the cell matrix, which has the following technical problems:

(1) The technical problem of deflagration or even explosion after the battery casing is damaged is not considered at the same time.

(2) Its heat dissipation is only carried out through the circulating water pipeline inside the cell matrix. When the circulating water pipeline fails to circulate due to failure, the risk of battery heat treatment is very high.

(3) Its heat dissipation is only carried out through the circulating water pipeline inside the cell matrix. The circulating water pipeline is relatively dense, and it is relatively easy to cause internal short circuit caused by water cooling liquid leakage, causing vehicle failure.

(4) The patent uses an air filter to filter the air, and the compressed air enters the inside of the battery box through the air filter through the air inlet. After a long time of use or when there is a lot of dust and clogging, the air filter will affect the heat dissipation of the battery pack and needs to be replaced in time. The air filter has a poor filtering effect on the water vapor in the air during the rainy summer season, and at the same time, when the filter absorbs more water vapor, it will affect the heat dissipation of the battery pack.

The Chinese utility model patent No. 201420540796.5 discloses "a cooling explosion-proof battery pack box", which includes a box body, a cavity A is set on one side of the bottom plate of the box body, a water inlet is set at one end of the cavity A, and a circulating water pump is set at the water inlet , the bottom plate of the box is provided with a reinforcing plate and heat dissipation fins, a chamber B is provided inside the heat dissipation fins, and the chamber B is connected with the chamber A, and the chamber B is provided with a water-proof baffle, and the two sides of the water-proof baffle are connected with the inner wall of the heat dissipation fin Tightly connected, one end of the water-proof baffle is staggered and closely connected with the inner wall of the heat dissipation fin, the top of the heat dissipation fin is connected with the side of the box body C, the cavity C is connected with the cavity B, and one end of the cavity C is provided with a water outlet. Bosses are set on the inner side of the upper part of the box body, a box cover plate is set on the upper part of the box body, explosion-proof claws are set on the box cover plate, bolt holes are set at one end of the box cover plate, a groove is set in the middle of the box cover plate, and automatic exhaust is set at the groove valve.

Its existing technical problems are as follows:

(1) Its explosion-proof is equipped with a closed cover and an exhaust device, which will discharge combustible gases such as hydrogen gas during the charging and discharging process of the battery, which enhances its safety performance. Deflagration or even explosion may occur.

(2) Its design also only dissipates heat through the water-cooling cycle. When the circulating water pipe fails to circulate due to failure, the risk of battery heat treatment is very high.

The Chinese utility model with the patent number 201621333771.3 proposes "a thermal management system for a power battery box, a power battery box, and a vehicle". On; the pipeline, the pipeline is connected with the power battery box, so as to use the fluid pair to adjust the temperature of the power battery box; the fluid heater, the fluid heater has an inlet and an outlet, and the inlet is connected to the power battery box One end of the pipeline is connected, and the outlet is connected with the other end of the pipeline to heat the fluid in the pipeline. The utility model uses the fluid heater to manage the heat of the fluid in the pipeline, thereby heating or dissipating heat from the power battery box connected to the pipeline, prolonging the life of the power battery and reducing potential safety hazards.

Its technical shortcoming is identical with the shortcoming of above two patent technical schemes, repeats no more.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the device reduces the probability of battery deflagration after a car collision, and improves the thermal management of the battery box to better meet the different thermal management requirements of the battery in different seasons.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical means:

An electric vehicle battery box, the battery box is a shell structure, a heat exchange area and a battery installation area are arranged in the shell of the battery box, the heat exchange area is arranged at intervals, and the two ends of the heat exchange area are connected to the side wall of the battery box Connection, the interval between the heat exchange area and the heat exchange area is the battery installation area, the heat exchange area is provided with heat dissipation units arranged at intervals, the interval between the heat dissipation units and the heat dissipation units is the installation area of heat pipes and cold pipes, and the heat dissipation unit is provided with The heat dissipation chambers adjacent to each other, the heat pipe and cold pipe installation area still have gaps after installing the heat pipe and cold pipe, the heat pipe and cold pipe extend to the battery installation area, and the cold pipe communicates with the water tank to form a coolant circulation loop; the battery installation area Install the battery pack, there is a gap between the battery pack and the battery pack, and a heat conduction plate is installed in the gap, the two ends of the heat conduction plate are connected to the heat pipe and the cold pipe installation area, the heat pipe and the cold pipe are connected to the heat conduction plate, and the side wall of the battery box The upper area connected with the heat exchange area is provided with crush holes arranged at intervals.

The heat exchange area is provided with a cooling plate, and the two ends of the cooling plate are connected with the side walls of the battery box, and the area surrounded by the cooling plate and the battery box is the heat exchange area.

The heat conduction plates are arranged at intervals, the interval between the heat conduction plates is a heat conduction cavity, and the heat pipe and the cold pipe are arranged in the heat conduction cavity.

Compared with the prior art, the outstanding technical characteristics of the present invention are:

(1) The heat exchange area is set at intervals in the battery box, and the two ends of the heat exchange area are connected to the side wall of the battery box;

(2) There are cooling units arranged at intervals in the heat exchange area, and the cooling units are provided with cooling cavities adjacent to each other;

(3) The space between the heat dissipation unit and the heat dissipation unit is the heat pipe and cold pipe installation area;

(4) There is a gap between the battery pack and the battery pack, and a heat conduction plate is installed in the gap;

(5) The side wall of the battery box is provided with crush holes arranged at intervals in the area connected to the heat exchange area.

The above-mentioned technical characteristics make this technical solution have the following technical advantages:

(1) The heat dissipation effect is better. The heat dissipation unit is equipped with a heat dissipation cavity, which can better naturally dissipate heat through heat transfer and air heat rise and fall.

(2) The increased installation area for heat pipes and cold pipes is used to install heat pipes and cold pipes. First, it can make the heat pipes and cold pipes not easily deformed by extrusion, which will affect the working effect and even cause coolant leakage; at the same time, the heat pipes and cold pipes It can be set to cool down or heat up the battery installation area under different management needs, and the management is more convenient.

(3) The effect of preventing deflagration or even explosion caused by extrusion is good. First, the heat dissipation cavity of the heat dissipation unit is a thin-walled honeycomb structure, which has a certain deformation and energy absorption capacity. To a certain extent, it can reduce the battery and battery Second, a part of the side wall of the battery box is provided with a collapse hole, which is a heat exchange area, which has a certain supporting capacity for the battery box. When the force is strong, due to the heat dissipation The units are arranged at intervals, which also have a certain deformation and energy absorption capacity, and to a certain extent, can reduce the mutual extrusion between batteries. Therefore, the heat exchange area of the device has better energy-absorbing capacity when the vehicle collides, which can effectively reduce the extrusion of the internal battery, thereby preventing deflagration or even explosion when the lithium battery is subjected to strong pressure.

(4) There is a gap between the battery pack and the battery pack, and a heat conduction plate is installed in the gap. The heat conduction plate can increase the heat conduction area and speed up the heat transfer; Small, so that the stress on the stress point is too concentrated, it is easy to cause a single battery to deflagrate or even explode, causing a chain reaction.

(5) The setting of the heat conduction plate can also effectively reduce the overall length of the cold pipe between the battery packs, and at the same time, greatly reduce the risk of damage to the battery pack caused by coolant leakage.

(6) Convenience of maintenance: components such as the heat dissipation unit and the heat conduction plate in the battery installation area are all independently designed. After the battery box is deformed due to a car collision, the damaged parts can be replaced separately. When the damage is serious, the entire heat exchange area and the battery need to be replaced. Replace all heat conduction plates in the installation area.

Further optimal technical scheme is as follows:

The heat pipe is a heat transfer pipe with both ends sealed, the inside of the heat pipe is vacuum, and the heat pipe is filled with a liquid heat conducting agent. The liquid heat conduction agent is mainly acetone, methanol, pure water, and ethanol. The above settings make the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe reach dozens of times that of pure copper. The shape of the heat pipe is "L", and the flat and long part of the heat pipe extends to the battery installation area. The heat generated by the battery turns the liquid inside the heat pipe into steam, and the heat is brought to the other part of the heat pipe through the "L"-shaped bend of the heat pipe. The heat is dissipated into the air by the aluminum cooling unit in the heat exchange area.

The heat dissipation cavity is surrounded by metal heat dissipation walls, and the heat dissipation cavity is a regular polygon cavity.

The above configuration makes the heat dissipation cavity a thin-walled structure. First, it can dissipate heat better. Second, when the force is applied, the cavity allows the thin wall to have a deformation space and can also absorb energy better.

The top surface of the battery box described above is a convex surface, and there is a closed plane protection plate under the bottom surface.

The protective plate under the bottom surface is to protect the battery box from road stones, etc., and to effectively reduce the interference of the air flow under the chassis on the heat dissipation of the battery box.

The battery installation area of the pool box is closed, and the top of the battery installation area is provided with a waterproof and breathable valve, which allows air circulation inside and outside the battery installation area.

The battery installation area is closed and set, which can form a better protection for the battery pack.

The installation heights of the battery packs installed in the battery installation area in the battery box are different, and there are intervals between the battery packs in the horizontal direction. The gaps are filled with thermally conductive silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets, and the thermally conductive silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets and the heat conduction plates form a well-shaped structure to surround the battery pack.

The design of the battery box with a convex top and a flat bottom creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower sides, which accelerates the air flow in the heat exchange area.

Since the battery type used in the battery pack is 18650 cylindrical battery, and because the upper part of the battery box is convex, in order to make full use of the space of the car body, the installation height of the battery pack is different. A layer of batteries is installed at the place where the height of the slope of the battery box is low, and the height of the slope of the battery box is high. place, install a layer of batteries on the bottom, and then install another layer of batteries on the top.

Silicone sheet is a highly active heat-absorbing material. It is made of silicone oil, thermal paste, ZNO and other chemical materials mixed and vulcanized at high temperature. It is super soft with a little stickiness, has certain plasticity, and has strong insulation.

The space between the front and rear of the battery pack is filled with thermally conductive silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets. The thermal silica gel sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets form a well-shaped structure with the heat conduction plate. First, it can conduct good heat transfer. When pressing, it can increase the protection and support of the battery, and can increase the area where the force acts, further preventing the chain reaction caused by the deflagration or even explosion of a single battery. The batteries in the battery pack can be separated from each other by winding heat-conducting silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets, one is to facilitate heat dissipation, and the other is to further strengthen the protection of the batteries.

The battery installation area is provided with a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit is connected to control the water pump, the heating wire and the air inlet control motor.

By setting the temperature sensor, the temperature of the battery installation area can be monitored at any time, and the control unit is used to control the working state of the water pump, heating wire and air inlet to control the motor, and perform the required heat exchange work.

The heat dissipation and heating system includes an air inlet formed by the front air intake grille of the automobile, the air inlet faces the battery box, the water tank, and the water tank is provided with an electric heating device and a water pump, the electric heating device heats the cooling liquid, and the water pump makes the cooling liquid flow along the The closed circuit circulation formed by the cold pipe.

With the above arrangement, the front air intake grille of the automobile is the air inlet of the battery box, and blows air to the battery box through the deflector. The air intake grille is designed to be closed to meet the heat demand of the battery box in different seasons. The role of the air inlet control motor is to open and close the air intake grille to adjust the size of the air inlet, thereby controlling the amount of air intake and adjusting the temperature in the battery box.

A deflector or a deflector shell is arranged between the air inlet, the battery box and the water tank.

The deflector or the deflector shell guides the flow direction of the air, and strengthens the heat dissipation of the water tank and the battery box.

The heat dissipation described above is divided into passive heat dissipation and active heat dissipation. When heat dissipation requirements are not high, passive heat dissipation is performed. One end of the battery box faces the front air intake grille of the car, and the battery box performs passive heat dissipation through the air inlet of the front air intake grille of the car; When the battery has high heat dissipation requirements, active heat dissipation is carried out. The water pump of the water tank drives the coolant into the battery installation area through the cold pipe, and brings the heat emitted by the battery to the heat exchange area, and dissipates heat through the heat sink; the above-mentioned heating is at temperature When the low temperature cannot meet the working needs of the battery, the battery is heated, the electric heating wire of the water tank heats the coolant, the water pump of the water tank drives the heated coolant into the battery installation area through the cold pipe, and the heated coolant passes through the cold pipe to heat the battery.

In the active heat dissipation mode, in addition to passive heat dissipation, the coolant circulation can be used to dissipate heat, further improving the heat dissipation effect, and preventing the battery from malfunctioning or even deflagration or explosion due to excessive temperature.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the battery box of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the heat dissipation unit of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of the heat conducting plate, the cold pipe and the heat pipe of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the batteries of the present invention with thermally conductive silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets wound around them.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the electric vehicle battery box and its heat dissipation and heating system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of air flow in the heat dissipation cavity of the heat dissipation unit of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an effect diagram of the deformation of the shell of the battery box of the present invention due to collision.

Fig. 9 is an effect diagram of air flow outside the battery box of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs: 1-battery installation area; 2-heat exchange area; 3-crushing hole; 4-radiation unit; 5-heat pipe and cold pipe installation area; Heat conduction plate; 9-cold pipe; 10-heat pipe; 11-temperature sensor; 12-control unit; 13-water pump; 14-heating wire; 15-air inlet control motor.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, it can be seen that a battery box for electric vehicles according to the present invention has a shell structure, and a heat exchange area 2 and a battery installation area 1 are arranged in the shell of the battery box. The heat exchange area 2 is set at intervals, the two ends of the heat exchange area 2 are connected to the side wall of the battery box, the interval between the heat exchange area 2 and the heat exchange area 2 is the battery installation area 1, and the heat exchange area 2 is set at intervals The heat dissipation unit 4, the interval between the heat dissipation unit 4 and the heat dissipation unit 4 is the heat pipe, the cold pipe installation area 5, the heat dissipation unit 4 is provided with the heat dissipation cavity 6 adjacent to each other, the heat pipe, the cold pipe installation area 5 is installed with the heat pipe 10, the cold pipe There is still a gap behind the pipe 9, the heat pipe 10 and the cold pipe 9 extend to the battery installation area 1, the cold pipe 9 communicates with the water tank and forms a circulation loop of cooling fluid; the battery installation area 1 installs the battery pack 7, and the battery pack 7 and the battery pack 7 are provided with intervals, heat conduction plates 8 are installed in the intervals, the two ends of heat conduction plates 8 are connected with heat pipes and cold pipe installation areas 5, heat pipes 10 and cold pipes 9 are connected to heat conduction plates 8, and the side walls of the battery box are connected with The area where the heat exchange area 2 is connected is provided with crush holes 3 arranged at intervals.

Figure 2 is to avoid the expression of the structure of the device from being too densely populated in the figure, and only a part of the battery pack 7 is drawn in the battery installation area 1. In the actual product, the battery installation area 1 is fully filled with the battery pack 7 and Heat conduction plate 8.

The heat exchange area 2 is provided with a cooling plate, and the two ends of the cooling plate are connected with the side walls of the battery box, and the area surrounded by the cooling plate and the battery box is the heat exchange area 2 .

The heat conduction plates 8 are arranged at intervals, and the interval between the heat conduction plates 8 is a heat conduction cavity, and the heat pipe 10 and the cold pipe 9 are arranged in the heat conduction cavity.

The heat pipe 10 is 10 pieces of heat transfer pipes with both ends sealed, the inside of the heat pipe 10 is vacuum, and the heat pipe 10 is filled with a liquid heat conducting agent. The liquid heat-conducting agent is mainly acetone, methanol, pure water, and ethanol. The above settings make the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe 10 reach dozens of times that of pure copper. The shape of the heat pipe 10 is "L". The flat and long ends of the heat pipe 10 extend to the battery installation area 1. The heat generated by the battery turns the liquid inside the heat pipe 10 into steam, and the heat is brought to the other part of the heat pipe 10 "L" through movement. "Type bend, the heat is dissipated into the air by the heat exchange area 2 aluminum cooling unit 4.

The heat dissipation cavity 6 is surrounded by metal heat dissipation walls, and the heat dissipation cavity 6 is a regular polygonal cavity.

The above arrangement makes the heat dissipation chamber 6 a thin-walled structure, which can better dissipate heat, and secondly, when the force is applied, the cavity allows the thin wall to have a deformation space and can also better absorb energy.

The top surface of the battery box is convex, and a closed plane protection plate is arranged under the bottom surface.

The protective plate under the bottom surface is to protect the battery box from road stones, etc., and to effectively reduce the interference of the air flow under the chassis on the heat dissipation of the battery box.

The battery installation area 1 of the pool box is closed, and the top of the battery installation area 1 is provided with a waterproof and breathable valve, which allows air circulation inside and outside the battery installation area 1 .

The battery installation area 1 is closed, which can form better protection for the battery pack 7 .

The installation heights of the battery packs 7 installed in the battery installation area 1 in the battery box are different, and intervals are arranged between the battery packs 7 in the horizontal direction. The space between the front and back of the group 7 is filled with a thermally conductive silicone sheet or a phase-change silicone grease sheet, and the thermally conductive silicone sheet or phase-change silicone grease sheet and the heat conduction plate 8 form a well-shaped structure to surround the battery pack 7 .

Fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of air flow in the heat dissipation chamber of the heat dissipation unit, which has a better heat dissipation effect.

As shown in FIG. 8 , it is a simulation effect diagram of the battery box of the present invention when it is stressed, and different colors in the figure indicate the stress situation. When the battery box is deformed due to a car collision, the heat dissipation area will preferentially deform and absorb energy because of the collapse hole 3, which protects the safety of the battery installation area 1; the heat conducting plate 8 inside the battery installation area 1 will also play a role in deformation Definitely prevent it.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the air flow state diagram, the design of the battery box with a convex top and a flat bottom creates a pressure difference between the upper and lower sides, which accelerates the air flow in the heat exchange area 2 .

Since the battery type used in the battery pack 7 is a 18650 cylindrical battery, and because the upper part of the battery box is convex, in order to make full use of the space of the car body, the installation heights of the battery pack 7 are different. Where the height is high, a layer of batteries is installed at the bottom, and another layer of batteries is installed at the top.

Silicone sheet is a highly active heat-absorbing material. It is made of silicone oil, thermal paste, ZNO and other chemical materials mixed and vulcanized at high temperature. It is super soft with a little stickiness, has certain plasticity, and has strong insulation.

The space between the front and back of the battery pack 7 is filled with thermally conductive silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets. The thermal silica gel sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets and the heat conduction plate 8 form a well-shaped structure. First, good heat transfer can be carried out; When under pressure, it can increase the protection and support of the battery, and can increase the area of the force to further prevent the chain reaction caused by the deflagration or even explosion of a single battery.

Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the batteries in the battery pack 7 can be separated from each other by winding heat-conducting silicone sheets or phase-change silicone grease sheets. One is to facilitate heat dissipation, and the other is to further strengthen the protection of the batteries.

6, the battery installation area 1 is provided with a temperature sensor 11, the temperature sensor 11 is electrically connected to the control unit 12, and the control unit 12 is connected to control the water pump 13, the heating wire 14 and the air inlet control motor 15.

By setting the temperature sensor 11, the temperature of the battery installation area 1 can be monitored at any time, and the control unit 12 is used to control the working status of the water pump 13, the heating wire 14 and the air inlet control motor 15 to perform the required heat exchange work.

The heat dissipation and heating system includes an air inlet formed by the front air intake grille of the automobile, the air inlet faces the battery box, the water tank, and the water tank is provided with an electric heating device and a water pump 13, the electric heating device heats the coolant, and the water pump 13 cools the cooling liquid. The liquid circulates along the closed loop formed by the cold pipe 9 .

With the above arrangement, the front air intake grille of the automobile is the air inlet of the battery box, and blows air to the battery box through the deflector. The air intake grille is designed to be closed to meet the heat demand of the battery box in different seasons. The function of the air inlet control motor 15 is to be responsible for the opening and closing of the air intake grille, so as to adjust the size of the air inlet, thereby controlling the size of the air intake and regulating the temperature in the battery box.

A deflector or a deflector shell is arranged between the air inlet, the battery box and the water tank.

The deflector or the deflector shell guides the flow direction of the air, and strengthens the heat dissipation of the water tank and the battery box.

The heat dissipation described above is divided into passive heat dissipation and active heat dissipation. When heat dissipation requirements are not high, passive heat dissipation is performed. One end of the battery box faces the front air intake grille of the car, and the battery box performs passive heat dissipation through the air inlet of the front air intake grille of the car; When the battery has high heat dissipation requirements, active heat dissipation is carried out. The water pump 13 of the water tank drives the cooling liquid into the battery installation area 1 through the cold pipe 9, and brings the heat emitted by the battery to the heat exchange area 2, and dissipates heat through the heat sink; the heating , when the temperature is too low to meet the working needs of the battery, the battery is heated, the heating wire 14 of the water tank heats the coolant, and the water pump 13 of the water tank drives the heated coolant to enter the battery installation area 1 through the cold pipe 9, and the heated coolant The battery is heated through the cold pipe 9 .

In the active heat dissipation mode, in addition to passive heat dissipation, the coolant circulation can be used to dissipate heat, further improving the heat dissipation effect, and preventing the battery from malfunctioning or even deflagration or explosion due to excessive temperature.

Compared with the prior art, the outstanding technical characteristics of the present invention are:

(1) The heat exchange area 2 is arranged at intervals in the battery box, and the two ends of the heat exchange area 2 are connected to the side wall of the battery box;

(2) The heat exchange area 2 is provided with heat dissipation units 4 arranged at intervals, and the heat dissipation units 4 are provided with heat dissipation cavities 6 adjacent to each other;

(3) The space between the heat dissipation unit 4 and the heat dissipation unit 4 is the heat pipe and cold pipe installation area 5;

(4) There is an interval between the battery pack 7 and the battery pack 7, and the heat conducting plate 8 is installed at the interval;

(5) The area connected to the heat exchange area 2 on the side wall of the battery box is provided with crush holes 3 arranged at intervals.

The above-mentioned technical characteristics make this technical solution have the following technical advantages:

(1) The heat dissipation effect is better. The heat dissipation unit 4 is provided with a heat dissipation chamber 6, which can better naturally dissipate heat through heat transfer and air heat rise and fall.

(2) The increased heat pipe and cold pipe installation area 5 is used to install the heat pipe 10 and cold pipe 9. First, it can make the heat pipe 10 and the cold pipe 9 not easily deformed by extrusion, which will affect the working effect and even cause the coolant to leak; at the same time, The arrangement of the heat pipe 10 and the cold pipe 9 can cool down or heat up the battery installation area 1 under different management needs, and the management is more convenient.

(3) The effect of preventing deflagration or even explosion caused by extrusion is good. First, the heat dissipation cavity 6 of the heat dissipation unit 4 makes the heat dissipation unit 4 a thin-walled honeycomb structure, which has a certain deformation and energy absorption capacity. First, it can reduce the mutual extrusion between batteries; second, a part of the side wall of the battery box is provided with a collapse hole 3, and this area is a heat exchange area 2, which has a certain supporting capacity for the battery box. When the force is strong, since the cooling unit 4 is arranged at intervals, it also has a certain deformation and energy absorption capacity, which can reduce the mutual extrusion between batteries to a certain extent. Therefore, the heat exchange area 2 of the device has better energy-absorbing capacity when the vehicle collides, which can effectively reduce the extrusion of the internal battery, thereby preventing deflagration or even explosion when the lithium battery is subjected to strong pressure.

(4) There is an interval between the battery pack 7 and the battery pack 7, and a heat conduction plate 8 is installed in the interval. The heat conduction plate 8 can increase the heat conduction area and accelerate heat transfer; the second is that when the battery pack 7 is stressed, it can effectively Avoid a chain reaction caused by a small force-bearing area, excessive concentration of force on the force-bearing point, and easy deflagration or even explosion of a single battery.

(5) The arrangement of the heat conduction plate 8 also effectively reduces the overall length of the cold pipe 9 between the battery packs 7 , and at the same time greatly reduces the risk of damage to the battery pack 7 caused by coolant leakage.

(6) Convenience of maintenance: heat dissipation unit, battery installation area 1 heat conduction plate 8 interval design, after the battery box is deformed due to car collision, the damaged parts can be replaced separately, and the entire heat dissipation area and battery installation area 1 can be replaced when the damage is serious All heat conducting plates 8 are replaced.

The above descriptions are only preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the description and accompanying drawings of the present invention are included in the scope of rights of the present invention. .

Claims (9)

1. a kind of electric automobile battery box, battery case is shell structure, and heat exchange zone, battery installation are equipped in the shell of battery case Area, heat exchange zone interval setting, the both ends of heat exchange zone and the side wall of battery case connect, heat exchange zone and heat exchange zone Between between be divided into Battery compartment, heat exchange zone is equipped with spaced heat-sink unit, between heat-sink unit and heat-sink unit Between be divided into heat pipe, cold pipe installing zone, heat-sink unit is equipped with the heat-dissipating cavity to adjoin each other, heat pipe, cold pipe installing zone installation heat Still there is gap after pipe, cold pipe, heat pipe, cold pipe extend to Battery compartment, and cold pipe is connected to water tank and forms following for coolant liquid Loop back path；Battery pack is installed in Battery compartment, and interval is equipped between battery pack and battery pack, heat-conducting plate, heat conduction are installed in interval The both ends of plate are connect with heat pipe, cold pipe installing zone, and heat pipe and cold pipe are connected on heat-conducting plate, on the side wall of battery case with heat exchange The region that area is connected is equipped with spaced crumple hole.

2. electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heat pipe is the heat transfer of both ends sealing Pipe fitting, inside heat pipe vacuum, heat pipe are interior filled with liquid heat conductive agent.

3. electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heat-dissipating cavity is by heat dissipation metal wall It surrounds, heat-dissipating cavity is regular polygon cavity.

4. electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The battery case top surface is convex surface, bottom Face is closed plane.

5. electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pond case Battery compartment closing is set It sets, waterproof vent valve is equipped at the top of Battery compartment, waterproof vent valve carries out Battery compartment outside air circulation.

6. electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the battery case in Battery compartment The mounting height of the battery pack of installation is different, is equipped with and is spaced in the horizontal direction between each battery pack, between battery pack or so Be interval in installation heat-conducting plate, the interval filling heat-conducting silica gel sheet between battery pack is front and back or phase transformation silicone grease piece, heat-conducting silica gel sheet or Phase transformation silicone grease piece forms groined type structure with heat-conducting plate and surrounds battery pack.

7. electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Battery compartment is passed equipped with temperature Sensor, temperature sensor are electrically connected with control unit, and control unit connection control water pump, heating wire and air inlet control motor.

8. electric automobile battery box heat dissipation according to claim 1, heating system, it is characterised in that：The heat dissipation plus Hot systems include before automobile air inlet grill-shaped at air inlet, air inlet is equipped with electric heater unit towards battery case, water tank, water tank And water pump, electric heater unit heat coolant liquid, water pump makes the circuit cycle for the closure that coolant liquid formed along cold pipe.

9. the heat dissipation of electric automobile battery box according to claim 1, heating means, it is characterised in that：The heat dissipation It is divided into passive heat dissipation, active heat removal, is passively radiated when cooling requirements are not high, one end of battery case is towards air inlet before automobile Grid, battery case are passively radiated by the air inlet of air-inlet grille before automobile；When battery is higher to cooling requirements, carry out The water pump of active heat removal, water tank drives the logical supercooling tube of coolant liquid to enter Battery compartment, takes the heat that battery is sent out to hot friendship Area is changed, is radiated by cooling fin；The heating, be temperature is low cannot meet battery need of work when, to battery heat, water The water pump of the electric-heating-wire-heating coolant liquid of case, water tank drives the logical supercooling tube of the coolant liquid after heating to enter Battery compartment, by adding The coolant liquid of heat is led to supercooling tube and is heated to battery.