CN108476123B - Sounding reference signals in cellular systems - Google Patents

Sounding reference signals in cellular systems Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108476123B
CN108476123B CN201680079248.9A CN201680079248A CN108476123B CN 108476123 B CN108476123 B CN 108476123B CN 201680079248 A CN201680079248 A CN 201680079248A CN 108476123 B CN108476123 B CN 108476123B
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signal
symbol
subframe
lte
logic
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CN108476123A (en
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全晸鍸
权焕准
阿比哈吉特·波尔卡尔
牛华宁
叶悄扬
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Apple Inc
Intel Corp
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Apple Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/0051Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/407Bus networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/413Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection (CSMA-CD)
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4604LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay
    • H04L12/462LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone
    • H04L12/4625Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0006Assessment of spectral gaps suitable for allocating digitally modulated signals, e.g. for carrier allocation in cognitive radio
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H04L5/001Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT the frequencies being arranged in component carriers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H04L5/0092Indication of how the channel is divided
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals

Abstract

An apparatus of a user equipment is described. The apparatus may include at least one memory and logic, at least a portion of which is implemented in circuitry coupled to the at least one memory. Logic receives configuration broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of a radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel in a long term evolution over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system. Logic identifies a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication of a UL channel of an LTE-U system. Logic generates a UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Description

Sounding reference signals in cellular systems
RELATED APPLICATIONS
Priority of U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/291,840, filed 2016, 5, 2, month, is claimed herein according to 35u.s.c § 119(e), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Technical Field
Embodiments herein relate generally to communication between devices in a broadband wireless communication network.
Background
Wireless communication systems may use allocated portions of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum to communicate information. The allocated RF spectrum may include licensed RF spectrum or unlicensed RF spectrum. The licensed RF spectrum is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and is allocated to a particular communication system provider for exclusive use by that provider. For example, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for high-speed wireless communications used by cellular systems. In north america, LTE systems may use licensed RF spectrum, e.g., 700, 750, 800, 850, 1900, 1700/2100, 2300, 2500, and 2600 MHz. Unlicensed RF spectrum is also regulated by the FCC. However, the unlicensed spectrum is non-exclusive and it can be used by any communication system provider. For example, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems may use unlicensed RF spectrum such as 5 GHz.
Wireless communication systems are attempting to utilize any available Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum to meet the ever-increasing demands for higher data rates from wireless systems. In view of the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, some communication systems are designed to utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum. For example, cellular systems using licensed RF spectrum for LTE may be designed to use unlicensed RF spectrum also for WLAN. This can create potential conflicts with WLAN systems. Accordingly, there is a need for techniques for improving coexistence to provide reasonable use between competing communication systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates an example heterogeneous network with wireless access provided through a radio access network, according to one embodiment.
Fig. 2 illustrates an example cell architecture for a radio access network according to one embodiment.
Fig. 3A illustrates a first uplink subframe structure according to one embodiment.
Fig. 3B illustrates a second uplink subframe structure according to one embodiment.
Fig. 3C illustrates a third uplink subframe structure according to one embodiment.
FIG. 4 illustrates example components of an electronic device, according to one embodiment.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a storage medium according to one embodiment.
FIG. 6 illustrates a first logic flow in accordance with one embodiment.
FIG. 7 illustrates a second logic flow in accordance with one embodiment.
Detailed Description
Various embodiments may include one or more elements. An element may comprise any structure arranged to perform certain operations. Each element may be implemented as hardware, software, or any combination thereof, as desired for a given set of design parameters or performance constraints. Although embodiments may be described with a limited number of elements in a particular topology by way of example, embodiments may include more or less elements in alternate topologies as desired for a given implementation. It is worthy to note that any reference to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," and "in various embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Various embodiments herein relate generally to communication between devices in a broadband wireless communication network. Some embodiments are particularly directed to wireless communication systems capable of using licensed RF spectrum, unlicensed RF spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum. Some embodiments may implement techniques for improved Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) operation and/or Listen Before Talk (LBT) operation of user equipment and/or infrastructure equipment to improve performance of electronic devices within a wireless communication network.
In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE) may include at least one memory and logic, at least a portion of which is implemented in circuitry coupled to the at least one memory. The logic may be arranged to receive configuration broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of the radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel of a long term evolution (LTE-U) system over unlicensed spectrum. The logic may be arranged to identify a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication for a UL channel of the LTE-U system. The logic may be arranged to generate a UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal comprising a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe for the UL signal. In this way, the user equipment and/or infrastructure equipment may more efficiently utilize or allocate UL and DL communication resources within the LTE-U system.
Embodiments are generally directed to wireless communication systems capable of using both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum. More particularly, embodiments relate to third generation partnership project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, such as LTE over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) systems defined by the 3GPP LTE series of standards, including but not limited to: date 2016 month 12, titled "technical Specification group service and System aspects; 3GPP Technical Specification (TS)21.101V12.0.2(2016-12) for technical specifications and technical reports (release 12) "of UTRAN-based 3GPP systems; date 2016 month 12, titled "technical Specification group service and System aspects; 3GPP TS 21.101 v13.0.0(2016-12) based on technical specifications and technical reports (release 13) "of UTRAN-based 3GPP systems; date 2016 month 12, titled "technical Specification group service and System aspects; 3GPP TS 22.011 V14.4.0(2016-12) for service accessibility (release 14) "; date 2016 month 12, titled "technical Specification group service and System aspects; a service aspect; charging and 3GPP TS 22.115 V15.0.0(2016-12) for charging (release 15) "; including revisions, progeny, and variants thereof. However, it should be understood that embodiments may also be applicable to other wireless communication systems that utilize licensed RF spectrum and/or unlicensed RF spectrum. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
The 3GPP organization has attempted to increase network capacity by improving the spectral efficiency of LTE systems by introducing techniques such as higher order modulation, advanced Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna techniques, and multi-cell coordination techniques. Another way to increase network capacity is to extend the system bandwidth. However, the new available spectrum for the lower frequency band is very scarce. This is the main principle behind 3GPP release 12 and release 13, which aims at enabling operation of LTE-U systems using unlicensed RF spectrum. The LTE-U system and the next evolution of 3GPP release 13 are referred to as Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) systems. The LAA system complies with regulations for a particular region to allow global mobile operator deployment. LAA is an important component of the 3GPP release 13 standard. 3GPP Release 14 defines another type of LAA, referred to as "eLAA". Another standard is called MulteFireTM. MulteFire is an LTE based technology that, unlike LTE-U and LAA, operates only in unlicensed spectrum.
One important consideration for operating LTE in unlicensed spectrum is to ensure fair coexistence with existing systems such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The unlicensed RF spectrum of interest in LTE-U is the 5GHz band, which has a wide spectrum and global general availability. The 5GHz band is regulated by the FCC and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) of the European Union (EU) in the united states. The main existing system in the 5GHz band is a WLAN system, in particular a WLAN system based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11 series of standards (collectively referred to as "Wi-Fi"). Since WLAN systems are widely deployed by individuals and operators for carrier-level access services and data offloading, sufficient care must be taken before any LTE-U deployment to avoid unacceptable levels of conflict with WLAN users.
To facilitate fair coexistence with existing systems, LTE-U systems implement Listen Before Talk (LBT) functionality. LBT is a procedure that: where the radio transmitter first senses the medium and only transmits when it is sensed that the medium is idle, also known as Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). CCA utilizes energy detection to determine the presence of a signal on a channel. Some regulatory domains (e.g., the european union and japan) eventually require users of unlicensed spectrum to use LBT to access certain spectrum bands. Notably, Wi-Fi has its own version of LBT, known as Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) or Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA).
LTE-U systems, such as the 3GPP release 13LAA system, are primarily focused on enabling Downlink (DL) access through carrier aggregation. However, forward compatibility of Uplink (UL) LBT with 3GPP release 14 grant assisted access (eLAA) is also partially considered. One of the main design goals of release 14eLAA systems is to specify UL support for LAA secondary cell (SCell) operation in unlicensed RF spectrum. UL support for LAA scells includes definitions of Sounding Reference Signals (SRS), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), and Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).
One of the main design considerations of LTE-U systems is the use of SRS. SRS is typically used for channel estimation. Channel estimation is important because it enables frequency selective resource scheduling. SRS also supports various initiation operations for UEs that have not been recently scheduled. When operating in the unlicensed RF spectrum, transmission of SRS must also use LBT.
Embodiments attempt to improve channel estimation for wireless communication systems. More specifically, some embodiments utilize techniques to improve SRS usage in LTE-U systems. For example, improved SRS techniques may include SRS transmission details (including symbol position and LBT), support for narrowband SRS, support for wideband SRS, SRS symbol structure, SRS triggering mechanisms, and other improved SRS techniques. Improved SRS techniques may improve channel estimation in LTE-U systems, which enables more efficient allocation of RF spectrum resources, fair use between competing systems, higher throughput, lower latency, efficient power usage, lower computation cycles, and other significant technical effects and improvements.
Fig. 1 illustrates a heterogeneous network with wireless access provided through a Radio Access Network (RAN) 101. The RAN 101 itself may be implemented as a homogeneous network using a single radio technology (e.g., LTE or LTE-a) or, more typically, as a heterogeneous network using a combination of different radio technologies (e.g., LTE-U). The RAN 101 allows wireless communication devices (e.g., UEs) to access a plurality of different networks 108 through one or more network switches 106. Network switch 106 generally refers to a switch (e.g., a circuit and/or a soft switch) used to find and/or connect to a desired target within network 108 in a client device. The network switch 106 may also include a gateway interface and any other server components for performing the desired level of connectivity. Network 108 may include any network, including but not limited to voice and/or data networks, such as the internet, the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), subscriber-based voice/data networks, and other types of networks.
RAN 101 may implement various techniques involving the transmission of data over one or more wireless connections using one or more wireless mobile broadband technologies. For example, various embodiments may relate to transmissions over one or more wireless connections according to one or more third generation partnership project (3GPP) technologies and/or standards, such as 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3GPP LTE-Advanced (LTE-a)), and/or 3GPP LTE-U, including revisions, progeny, and variants thereof. Various embodiments may additionally or alternatively relate to transmission according to the following techniques and/or standards: one or more global system for mobile communications (GSM)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), and/or transmission of transmissions, or GSM system with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) (GSM/GPRS) technologies and/or standards, including revisions, progeny and variants thereof.
The wireless communication broadband technologies and/or standards may also include, but are not limited to, any of the following: institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) wireless broadband standards such as 802.16m and/or 802.16p, international mobile telecommunications advanced (IMT-ADV), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and/or WiMAX II, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)2000 (e.g., CDMA 20001 xRTT, CDMA2000EV-DO, CDMA EV-DV, etc.), high performance wireless metropolitan area network (HIPERMAN), wireless broadband (WiBro), High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), high speed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) packet access (HSOPA), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) techniques and/or standards, including revisions, progeny, and variants thereof.
Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively relate to wireless communication according to other wireless communication technologies and/or standards. Example embodiments of other wireless communication technologies and/or standards that may be used in various ways may include, but are not limited to, other IEEE wireless communication standards, such as IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11u, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11af and/or IEEE 802.11ah standards, high-efficiency Wi-Fi standards developed by the high-efficiency WLAN (HEW) research group, high-efficiency Wi-Fi standards wireless communication standards developed by the Wi-Fi alliance (WFA), such as Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, Wi-Direct service, Wireless gigabit (WiGig), WiGig Display Extension (WDE), WiGig Bus Extension (WBE), WiGig Serial Extension (WSE) standards, and/or standards developed by the WFA Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) task group, such as in 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 23.7, A Machine Type Communication (MTC) standard embodied in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS)22.368 and/or 3GPP TS 23.682, and/or a Near Field Communication (NFC) standard, such as the standard developed by the NFC forum, including revisions, progeny and/or variants of any of the above. Embodiments are not limited to these examples.
In addition to transmission over one or more wireless connections, the techniques disclosed herein may also involve transmission of content over one or more wired connections via one or more wired communications media. Examples of wired communications media may include a wire, cable, metal leads, Printed Circuit Board (PCB), backplane, switch fabric, semiconductor material, twisted-pair wire, co-axial cable, fiber optics, and so forth. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
Referring again to fig. 1, the RAN 101 includes a plurality of infrastructure stations 102, 103. Due to the different nomenclature used for the different wireless standards, the term "infrastructure station" may generally refer to any electronic device that provides connectivity between wireless UEs within RAN 101 and network 108. Examples of infrastructure stations may include, but are not limited to, base stations, nodes, transceiver stations, access points, evolved node bs (enodebs or enbs), and the like. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
The infrastructure stations 102, 103 typically provide an air interface for transmitting signals to/from a plurality of wireless clients, such as the UEs 88, 90. Foundation equipmentThe donor stations 102, 103 may also communicate with each other through a wireless or wired connection. The infrastructure stations 102, 103 may facilitate various infrastructure operations such as modulation/demodulation, physical channel coding, micro-diversity, error handling, closed loop power control, and/or other RAN operations. In one embodiment, infrastructure station 102 may represent a network of various cellular service operators (e.g., Verizon)TM、AT&TTMAnd SprintTM) Fixed communication equipment installed and maintained. In one embodiment, the infrastructure station 103 may represent a fixed communication device installed and maintained by a user, such as a Wireless Access Point (WAP) or router installed in a home residence or office.
In one embodiment, the infrastructure station 102 may be implemented as an eNB for an LTE-U system. The infrastructure station 102 may be arranged to communicate with the UE 88 or the UE 90 over a communication channel 92, the communication channel 92 utilizing a licensed Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum (e.g., 2600 MHz). In one embodiment, infrastructure station 103 may be implemented as an Access Point (AP) of a WLAN. The infrastructure station 103 may be arranged to communicate with the UE 90 over a communication channel 94, the communication channel 94 comprising an unlicensed RF spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). Although certain embodiments are described with reference to an LTE-U system, it is understood that embodiments may be implemented for other wireless communication systems, such as LAA systems, eLAA systems, integrated wireless networks for railways (LTE-R), and other wireless communication systems arranged to use unlicensed RF spectrum. Embodiments are not limited to these examples.
The infrastructure stations 102, 103 may each have a transceiver that can be communicatively coupled to one or more Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) 104. RNC 104 controls client access through RAN 101 to one or more networks 108 or another wireless UE in RAN 101. The RNC 104 may operate to control radio resources and admission, allocate channels, control power settings, control handovers and/or control macro diversity, ciphering, segmentation/reassembly, broadcast signaling, open loop power control, and other RNC operations. In some embodiments, RNC 104 may also perform at least some location services (e.g., using the global positioning satellite system) for location and/or routing assisted cell management, such as controlling and/or assisting handover, scanning, and download decisions.
The infrastructure stations 102, 103 may communicate with one or more wireless communication devices (e.g., UEs 88, 90). In one embodiment, the UE 88 is designed to communicate with the infrastructure station 102 only over the communication channel 92. In one embodiment, the UE 90 is arranged to communicate with either or both of the infrastructure stations 102, 103 over communication channels 92, 94, respectively. It may be appreciated that RAN 101 may include multiple UEs of multiple types, and the embodiments are not limited to these examples. An example of a wireless communication device is described in more detail with reference to fig. 8.
Channel estimation
As discussed previously, SRS is typically used for channel estimation. Channel estimation is important because it enables frequency selective resource scheduling. SRS also supports various initiation operations to find UEs that have not been scheduled recently. When operating in the unlicensed RF spectrum, transmission of SRS must also use LBT. Examples of how enhanced SRS and/or LBT signaling may be implemented for LTE-U systems to perform improved channel estimation are provided as various embodiments shown and described with reference to fig. 2, 3A-3C.
Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary cell architecture 200 suitable for use with RAN 101. In one embodiment, the cell architecture 200 may use a point-to-multipoint (PMP) cellular architecture. However, it is understood that other types of architectures may be used, such as mesh broadband wireless topologies. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
As shown in fig. 2, the cell architecture 200 illustrates two types of wireless cells. The first type of radio cell includes a set of larger radio cells 204-a (sometimes referred to as "macro cells"). The macro cell provides radio coverage served by a higher power cellular base station or tower, e.g., an eNB in an LTE, LTE-a or LTE-U system. The second type of radio cell includes a set of smaller radio cells 206-b (sometimes referred to as "microcells"). The micro cells provide radio coverage served by lower power WLAN access points, such as 802.11 wireless access points. Typically, a macro cell provides a coverage area larger than a micro cell.
In this depiction, for the sake of simplicity,a single RAN 101 representation is shown in which radio cell 204-a is enumerated as C1To CNAnd radio cell 206-b is enumerated as cell Sx1To Sx7Wherein the macro cell and the micro cell are each implemented using one or more infrastructure stations 102, 103. As a non-limiting example, macrocell C1To CNEach of which may be implemented by operating an infrastructure station, such as the infrastructure station 102 (e.g., LTE eNB), using licensed spectrum, while each microcell Sx1To Sx7Each of which may be implemented by operating infrastructure stations, such as infrastructure station 103 (e.g., WLAN APs), using unlicensed (e.g., 5GHz) spectrum.
In fig. 2, the UE 90 is initially shown in an intermediate position within the cell architecture 200, at cell C3、C5And C6Somewhere in between. The illustration also shows two example routing plans (R) that the UE 90 may followA,RB). Suppose the UE 90 follows an example route RBAnd (4) advancing. While traveling, the UE 90 may be associated with, for example, various macro cells C5、C8And C11The various infrastructure stations 102 found in (a). The UE 90 may also communicate with, for example, a microcell SX3、SX4The various infrastructure stations 103 found in (a). As the UE 90 travels near a given macro cell and/or micro cell, the infrastructure station 102 (e.g., eNB) will dynamically schedule UL time windows to the UE 90. The UE 90 may perform UL transmission using the scheduled UL window.
To dynamically schedule the UL window for the UE 90, the infrastructure station 102 (e.g., eNB) sends control information in each DL subframe to the UE 90. For example, layer 1 or layer 2 signaling may be used to send control information. The control information indicates when the UE 90 should transmit data to the infrastructure station 102 in a subsequent subframe. The control information also indicates which Resource Blocks (RBs) are to be used for UL transmission.
In addition to transmitting control information for the UL window of the UE 90, the infrastructure station 102 may also transmit other types of control information associated with the UL resource grid to the UE 90. The UL resource grid includes, for example, data and uplink control information for Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission, and includes UL control information for PUCCH transmission and various reference signals. The reference signals may include, for example, demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) and SRS. DM-RS is typically used for coherent demodulation of PUSCH and PUCCH data. SRS is typically used to estimate uplink channel quality for frequency selective scheduling. The infrastructure station 102 may use configuration broadcast communications to communicate control information. Examples of configuring broadcast communications may include (by way of example and not limitation): information Elements (IEs) of a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), System Information Broadcast (SIB) or Radio Resource Configuration (RRC) signaling, and other types of signaling.
Fig. 3A-3C illustrate exemplary UL subframe structures 302, 304, and 306. Each UL subframe structure 302, 304, and 306 may include multiple symbols. A symbol is a transmission construct (e.g., a waveform) that represents an integer number of bits.
Fig. 3A shows an example UL subframe structure 302 that is typically used for LTE-U operation. As shown in fig. 3A, UL subframe structure 302 includes 14 symbols (symbols 0-13). As shown in fig. 3A, information associated with SRS may be included at the location of symbol 13, information associated with Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal may be included at the location of symbol 8, and information associated with DM-RS signal may be included at the location of symbols 3, 10.
The UL subframe structure 302 may cause problems for LTE-U systems. To use UL subframe structure 302 for communication channel 94 (e.g., unlicensed RF spectrum), LBT operations are required in the subframe prior to transmission of UL subframe 302. As previously mentioned, LBT operation is required to fairly co-exist with existing systems operating over unlicensed spectrum. LBT is a procedure in which the UE 90 must first sense the medium and only transmit when the medium is idle. However, the UE 90 is given a limited amount of time (e.g., detection time) to perform the LBT operation. Since SRS is included in the last symbol position (symbol 13) of UL subframe structure 302, UE 90 may not be able to perform LBT operations for a limited amount of time without additional operations. For example, SRS transmission may need to be limited to only those scheduled UEs that transmit PUSCH in the preceding symbols, or additional symbol puncturing (puncturing) may be needed before SRS transmission to accommodate those UEs that do not transmit PUSCH in the preceding symbols.
Fig. 3B shows an example UL subframe structure 304 for an LTE-U system. UL subframe structure 304 is arranged in a manner that addresses the problems associated with UL subframe structure 302. More specifically, UL subframe structure 304 is LBT punctured symbol 0 and the SRS is moved from the position of symbol 13 in UL subframe structure 302 to the position of symbol 1 after punctured symbol 0 for LBT in UL subframe structure 304. Similar to UL subframe structure 302, UL subframe structure 304 may include a PUSCH signal at the location of symbol 8, and a DM-RS signal at the location of symbols 3, 10.
In UL subframe structure 304, the time period associated with symbol 0 is not used to provide a feasible symbol. In contrast, the time period associated with symbol 0 is used to perform LBT operations for unlicensed spectrum. When the LBT operation is not required, all 14 symbols (0-13) can be used as feasible symbols. However, when an LBT operation is required, only 13 symbols (1-13) may be used as feasible symbols. In the latter case, the UE 90 may puncture (punture) or blank (blank) symbol 0 of the UL subframe structure 304. To perform puncturing, the UE 90 may encode symbol 0 with a specific or predetermined symbol. To perform the blanking, the UE 90 may refrain from transmitting symbol 0 to the serving infrastructure station. In this case, the service infrastructure may treat symbol 0 as a missing symbol. When performing the blanking operation, the UE 90 may consider missing symbols in the UL subframe structure 304 and may perform rate matching for subframes having less than the normal 14 symbols (e.g., 0-13). This may be performed before or during transmission of the UL subframe structure 304. Since the UL will be scheduled in advance by the serving infrastructure station, it identifies the received subframe as UL subframe structure 304.
When the UE 90 performs an LBT sensing operation and senses that the unlicensed spectrum is not free at the scheduled UL time window, then the UL subframe structure 304 will not be transmitted at the scheduled UL window. Instead, the UE 90 would have to wait for the serving infrastructure station to reschedule another UL window to perform LBT operations in order to sense the free unlicensed spectrum.
The time period associated with symbol 0 for LBT operation solves the collision problem on unlicensed spectrum. In the case where the uploading UE 90 and the contending WLAN device start transmitting at the same time (e.g., scheduled subframe symbol 0), such simultaneous transmissions will collide immediately and the abort process will have to be undertaken by the UE 90 and the WLAN device. Both devices need to retry transmission again later. For LTE-U systems and WLAN systems, conflicting transmission times on the unlicensed spectrum are lost forever and additional system resources must be consumed to attempt later retransmissions. For the UE 90, the entire UL window of the scheduled UL on the unlicensed spectrum is completely lost.
Conversely, if the WLAN device starts transmitting at some time during the symbol 0 time period and the UE 90 is performing LBT operation during the symbol 0 time period, the UE 90 will detect non-idleness (e.g., use) of the unlicensed spectrum. The UE 90 will then refrain from transmitting from the symbol 1 time period, thereby avoiding collision with WLAN devices. As a result, the WLAN device will utilize the unlicensed spectrum during at least a portion of the scheduled UL window. This leads to increased usage of unlicensed spectrum. This will also enhance the level of cooperation between UE 90 access and WLAN device access for shared unlicensed spectrum. For the UE 90, the cost would be to lose the use of the shared unlicensed spectrum for the entire UL window that was scheduled, and to use additional UE system resources to reschedule the UL.
The time period associated with symbol 0 for LBT operation also provides further advantages. LBT and PUSCH may be contained within one subframe instead of multiple subframes by blanking or puncturing the first symbol of the subframe. This may reduce scheduling complexity for the serving infrastructure station relative to an arrangement in which the last symbol of the subframe is blanked or punctured. For example, if the last symbol of a subframe is to be blanked or punctured, additional complexity may be encountered because the serving infrastructure station may need to look ahead through one subframe to determine whether the symbol needs to be blanked or punctured. In other words, the last symbol punctured or blanked will result in 13 symbols, which may guarantee rate matching; and for rate matching for the subject subframe, the UE will have to know the content of the subframe in advance so that rate matching can be done before the time the subject subframe starts transmission (e.g., one subframe in advance).
Fig. 3C shows an example UL subframe structure 306. Like the UL subframe structures 302, 304, the UL subframe structure 306 has 14 symbols (0-13). Further, the UL subframe structure 306 may include a PUSCH signal at a symbol 8 position, and a DM-RS signal at a symbol 3, 10 position. However, unlike the UL subframe structures 302, 304, the UL subframe structure 306 also includes a reservation signal at symbol 2.
Within the 20MHz frame spectrum, there may be other UEs scheduled only for PUSCH transmission and not for SRS transmission. These UEs are sometimes referred to as "non-SRS UEs". After successful completion of LBT, the non-SRS UE may transmit a reservation signal. To avoid interference, a predetermined cyclically shifted version of the SRS sequence may be reserved (as an example) for use by other UEs, e.g., for the purpose of a common reservation signal. In other words, during the SRS symbol, a UE scheduled for PUSCH but not for SRS may transmit a common reservation signal, which in one example is one reserved cyclically shifted version.
UL subframe structure 306 includes a reservation signal. In one embodiment, the reservation signal may be a predetermined (e.g., single symbol) cyclic shift of the SRS included at the symbol 2 position. However, implementations are not limited to a single symbol cyclic shift for the SRS at the symbol 2 position of the reservation signal. Alternatively, for example, a cyclic shift of any one of the positions of symbols 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 may equally be used (e.g., selected) as a common reserved symbol.
Wideband channel estimation
As discussed previously, SRS is typically used for channel estimation. Channel estimation is important because it enables frequency selective resource scheduling. SRS also supports various initiation operations for UEs that have not been recently scheduled. When operating in the unlicensed RF spectrum, transmission of SRS must also use LBT.
Various embodiments as shown and described with reference to fig. 2, 3A-3C provide examples of how enhanced SRS and/or LBT signaling may be implemented for LTE-U systems to perform improved channel estimation. These techniques may be used for narrowband channel estimation or wideband channel estimation.
With respect to wideband channel estimation, the UE 90 may sometimes send information in an interleaved fashion across the entire available bandwidth. This may occur, for example, in some multiple access schemes. For example, a relatively new multiple access scheme, denoted block interleaved frequency division multiple access (B-IFDMA), is a variant of the LTE-U system. In a B-IFDMA system, the transmission of the UE 90 is spread over the entire operating bandwidth by interleaved RB allocations. Wideband channel quality estimation becomes increasingly important as the transmission of the UE 90 occurs over the entire bandwidth in an interleaved fashion. In contrast, narrowband channel estimation over a limited portion of the fully available bandwidth has limited use. Thus, depending on the particular UL waveform employed by a given wireless communication system, wideband channel estimation and wideband SRS may be desirable features for such systems (e.g., LTE-U systems, B-IFDMA systems, and the like) to ensure improved UL and DL resource allocation in such systems.
Nonetheless, the SRS symbol structure may need to be redesigned regardless of the particular UL waveform employed by a given wireless communication system. The current SRS symbol structure is based on interleaved fdma (ifdma), where SRS signals occupy each alternate subcarrier in a comb-like pattern. With the development of multiple access schemes, such as B-IFDMA systems, the SRS symbol structure based on IFDMA may also need to be developed. This may become particularly important if B-IFDMA is employed as the eLAA UL waveform. For example, a modified SRS symbol structure may be used in which SRS signals occupy all subcarriers of the allocated interleaved RBs. One potential design challenge with this approach, however, is that the amount of interference on each interlace can be very localized, making accurate wideband channel estimates difficult to obtain. For example, one interlace may be heavily used by neighboring cells, while another interlace may be lightly used. In this case, the wideband channel estimate based on one interlace may not be able to effectively represent the overall wideband channel quality. Therefore, regardless of the UL waveform employed for eLAA, reusing the SRS symbol structure may be a design choice.
SRS triggering
The 3GPP LTE series of standards defines at least 3 techniques to initiate or trigger SRS in LTE-U systems. These 3 techniques include single SRS, periodic SRS, and aperiodic SRS. Radio resource control (RCC) configures a single SRS and a periodic SRS. The RCC also configures aperiodic SRS. However, aperiodic SRS is triggered by Downlink Control Information (DCI). Since the unlicensed RF spectrum is shared between heterogeneous systems, the use of the unlicensed RF spectrum is highly unpredictable. As such, the eLAA system may benefit from implementing aperiodic SRS, which may dynamically trigger SRS by setting an "SRS request flag" in the DCI.
Fig. 4 shows example components of an electronic device 400. In an embodiment, the electronic device 400 may implement, incorporate or otherwise be a part of a UE, a node such as infrastructure stations 102, 103, an eNB, some other device capable of performing similar operations, or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, electronic device 400 may include application circuitry 402, baseband circuitry 404, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 406, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 408, and one or more antennas 410 coupled together at least as shown.
As used herein, the term circuitry may refer to or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, a circuit may be implemented with one or more software or firmware modules to implement the functions implemented in or associated with the circuit. In some embodiments, the circuitry may comprise logic operable, at least in part, in hardware. The embodiments described herein may be implemented into a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software.
The application circuitry 402 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 402 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor may include any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processor may be coupled with and/or may include a memory/storage device (e.g., memory/storage device 404g or 406e) and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage device to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.
The baseband circuitry 404 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Baseband circuitry 404 may include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from the receive signal path of RF circuitry 406 and to generate baseband signals for the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 406. Baseband processing circuitry 404 may interface with application circuitry 402 for generating and processing baseband signals, and for controlling the operation of RF circuitry 406. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 404a, a third generation (3G) baseband processor 404b, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 404c, and/or other baseband processors. 404d for other existing generations, under development, or future development generations (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 404 (e.g., one or more of the baseband processors 404 a-d) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 406. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, and the like. In some embodiments, the modulation/demodulation circuitry of baseband circuitry 404 may include Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demapping functionality. In some embodiments, the encoding/decoding circuitry of baseband circuitry 404 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functions are not limited to these examples, and other suitable functions may be included in other embodiments.
In some embodiments, baseband circuitry 404 may include elements of a protocol stack, such as elements of an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) protocol, including, for example, Physical (PHY), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and/or Radio Resource Control (RRC) elements. A Central Processing Unit (CPU)404e of the baseband circuitry 404 may be configured to run elements of a protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include one or more audio Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) 404 f. The audio DSP(s) 404f may include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation, and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the components of the baseband circuitry may be combined as appropriate in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on the same circuit board. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 404 and the application circuitry 402 may be implemented together (e.g., on a system on a chip (SOC)).
In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 404 may provide communications compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry 404 may support communication with an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) and/or other Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), wireless personal areas. Networks (WPANs). Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 404 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
The baseband circuitry 404 may be coupled with and/or may include memory/storage (e.g., memory/storage 404g) and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various process applications to run.
RF circuitry 406 may enable communication with a wireless network using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, RF circuitry 406 may include switches, filter amplifiers, and the like to facilitate communication with a wireless network. RF circuitry 406 may include a receive signal path that may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from FEM circuitry 408 and provide baseband signals to baseband circuitry 404. RF circuitry 406 may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by baseband circuitry 404 and provide RF output signals to FEM circuitry 408 for transmission.
In some embodiments, RF circuitry 406 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of RF circuitry 406 may include mixer circuitry 406a, amplifier circuitry 406b, and filter circuitry 406 c. The transmit signal path of RF circuitry 406 may include filter circuitry 406c and mixer circuitry 406 a. RF circuitry 406 may also include synthesizer circuitry 406d for synthesizing the frequencies used by mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert the RF signal received from the FEM circuitry 408 based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 406 d. The amplifier circuit 406b may be configured to amplify the downconverted signal, and the filter circuit 406c may be a Low Pass Filter (LPF) or a Band Pass Filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the downconverted signal to generate an output baseband signal. The output baseband signal may be provided to baseband circuitry 404 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal may be a zero frequency baseband signal, but this is not required. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path may comprise a passive mixer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert the input baseband signal based on the synthesis frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 406d to generate the RF output signal of the FEM circuitry 408. The baseband signal may be provided by baseband circuitry 404 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 406 c. Filter circuit 406c may include a Low Pass Filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may comprise two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 406a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path and mixer circuitry 406a of the receive signal path may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 406a of the receive signal path and mixer circuit 406a of the transmit signal path may be configured for superheterodyne operation.
In some embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal and the input baseband signal may be digital baseband signals. In these alternative embodiments, RF circuitry 406 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry, and baseband circuitry 404 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with RF circuitry 406.
In some dual-mode embodiments, separate radio IC circuits may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 406d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional-N/N +1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuit 406d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase locked loop with a frequency divider.
Synthesizer circuit 406d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by mixer circuit 406a of RF circuit 406 based on the frequency input and the divider control input. In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 406d may be a fractional N/N +1 synthesizer.
In some embodiments, the frequency input may be provided by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), but this is not required. The divider control input may be provided by the baseband circuitry 404 or the application processor 402 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on the channel indicated by the application processor 402. Synthesizer circuit 406d of RF circuit 406 may include a frequency divider, a Delay Locked Loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual-mode divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a Digital Phase Accumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by N or N +1 (e.g., based on a carry bit) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump, and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to decompose the VCO period into Nd equal phase groups, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. Thus, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.
In some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 406d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with a quadrature generator and divider circuit to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency having multiple different phases relative to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be the LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, RF circuitry 406 may include an IQ/polarity converter.
FEM circuitry 408 may include a receive signal path, which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 410, amplify the received signals, and provide amplified versions of the received signals to RF circuitry 406 for further processing. FEM circuitry 408 may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals provided by RF circuitry 406 for transmission by one or more of one or more antennas 410.
In some embodiments, FEM circuitry 408 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) to amplify the received RF signal and provide the amplified received RF signal as an output (e.g., to RF circuitry 406). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 408 may include: a Power Amplifier (PA) to amplify an input RF signal (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 406); and one or more filters for generating RF signals for subsequent transmission, e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 410.
In some embodiments, electronic device 400 may include additional elements, such as memory/storage devices, displays, cameras, sensors, and/or input/output (I/O) interfaces. For example, RF circuitry 406 may be coupled with and/or may include a memory/storage (e.g., memory/storage 406e) and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage.
In embodiments in which the electronic device 400 is, implements, incorporates, or is part of a UE, the RF circuitry 406 may receive a Long Term Evolution (LTE) subframe that includes a BRRS. The baseband circuitry 404 may be used to determine a value of BRRS and switch DL Tx beams based on the value of BRRS.
In embodiments in which electronic device 400 is an enodeb (enb), a network node, or a cellular base station that implements, incorporates, or is a part of the above, RF circuitry 406 may receive LTE subframes that include extended (e.g., 5G) xssrs. The baseband circuitry 404 may be used to determine a value of an xSRS within an LTE subframe and refine UL Rx beams based on the value of the xSRS.
Various embodiments of the invention may be implemented in whole or in part in software and/or firmware. The software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such computer-readable media may include any tangible, non-transitory medium for storing information in one or more computer-readable forms, such as, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, semiconductor storage media, flash memory, and the like.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a storage medium 500. The storage medium 500 may comprise an article of manufacture. In one embodiment, the storage medium 500 may include any non-transitory computer-readable or machine-readable medium, such as an optical, magnetic, or semiconductor memory. The storage medium may store various types of computer-executable instructions, such as instructions 502, to implement one or more of the logic flows described herein. Examples of a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium may include any tangible medium capable of storing electronic data, including volatile memory or non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and so forth. Examples of computer-executable instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, object-oriented code, visual code, and the like. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
In some embodiments, storage medium 500 may be configured to perform one or more logic flows, processes, techniques, and/or methods as described herein, or portions thereof. For example, the storage medium 500 may store instructions 502, the instructions 502 arranged to perform a logic flow as described with reference to fig. 6 and 7.
The operation of the above-described embodiments may be further described with reference to the following figures and accompanying examples. Some of the figures may include a logic flow. Although these figures presented herein may include a particular logic flow, it can be appreciated that the logic flow merely provides an example of how the general functionality described herein can be implemented. Further, unless otherwise specified, the given logic flow does not necessarily have to be executed in the order presented. Additionally, the given logic flow may be implemented by a hardware element, a software element executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 600, which may be representative of operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein. For example, logic flow 600 may be representative of operations that may be performed by UE 90 in RAN 101 of fig. 1 and/or cellular architecture 200 of fig. 2 in some embodiments. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
As shown in fig. 6, logic flow 600 may receive configuration broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of a radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel in a long term evolution over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system at block 602. For example, the UE 90 may receive configuration broadcast communications from the infrastructure station 102 of the RAN 101 over a DL channel of the LTE-U system. The configuration broadcast message may be any control message from infrastructure station 102, such as a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB) or Radio Resource Configuration (RRC) signaling, and Information Elements (IEs) of other types of signaling, and so forth.
Logic flow 600 may identify a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication for a UL channel of an LTE-U system at block 604. For example, the UE 90 may identify the format of the UL signal in a configuration broadcast communication of the UL channel for the LTE-U system. The format of the UL signal may include, for example, UL subframe structure 304.
Logic flow 600 may generate an UL signal according to the identified format at block 606, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal. For example, the UE 90 may generate a UL subframe structure 304 with SRS at a first portion of the subframe. The first portion of a subframe may refer to the lower range of symbols of a given subframe. The second portion of the subframe may refer to a higher range of symbols of the given subframe. The specific number of symbols for a given first portion or second portion may be modified for a particular implementation. In various embodiments, for example, the first portion may comprise any of symbols 0 to 7 of UL subframe structure 304 and the second portion may comprise any of symbols 8 to 14 of UL subframe structure 304. In one embodiment, for example, the SRS may be located at the second symbol of the UL subframe structure 304, which is designated as symbol 1 in fig. 3B.
Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a logic flow 700, which may be representative of operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein. For example, logic flow 700 may be representative of operations that may be performed by RAN 101 of fig. 1 and/or infrastructure station 102 (or 103) in cellular architecture 200 of fig. 2 in some embodiments. Additionally or alternatively, logic flow 700 may be implemented as part of another infrastructure device, such as a server implementing a soft radio located within a network accessible by infrastructure station 102 (or 103). The embodiments are not limited in this context.
As shown in fig. 7, logic flow 700 may configure a format of an Uplink (UL) signal for an UL channel in a long term evolution over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system at block 702, the UL signal including an indication that a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) is to be located at a first portion of a subframe. For example, infrastructure station 102 (or 103) may configure the format of the UL signal for the UL channel of the LTE-U system. The format of the UL signal may include, for example, UL subframe structure 304. The format may indicate that the SRS is located in a first portion of the subframe. The first portion of a subframe may refer to the lower range of symbols of a given subframe. The second portion of a subframe may refer to the higher range of symbols of a given subframe. The specific number of symbols given a first portion or a second portion may be modified for a particular implementation. In various embodiments, for example, the first portion may comprise any of symbols 0 to 7 of UL subframe structure 304 and the second portion may comprise any of symbols 8 to 14 of UL subframe structure 304. In one embodiment, for example, the SRS may be located at the second symbol of the UL subframe structure 304, which is designated as symbol 1 in fig. 3B.
The logic flow 700 may associate the format of the UL signal with configuring the broadcast communication at block 704. For example, infrastructure station 102 (or 103) may associate UL subframe structure 304 with configuring broadcast communications. The configuration broadcast message may be any control message from infrastructure station 102, such as a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB) or an Information Element (IE) of a radio resource, configuration (RRC) signaling, and other types of signaling.
Logic flow 700 may encode the configuration broadcast communication for transmission on a Downlink (DL) channel of the LTE-U system at block 706. For example, the infrastructure station 102 (or 103) may encode the configuration broadcast communication for transmission on a DL channel of the LTE-U system for reception by the UE 90. The UE 90 may then perform UL transmissions according to the UL subframe structure 304, as described with reference to fig. 3B and 6.
Various embodiments may be implemented using hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Programmable Logic Devices (PLD), Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, Application Program Interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computational rate, power levels, thermal tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints.
One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented by representative instructions stored on a machine-readable medium which represent various logic within the processor, which when read by a machine, cause the machine to fabricate logic to perform the techniques described herein. Such a representation, referred to as an "IP core," may be stored on a tangible, machine-readable medium and provided to various customers or manufacturing facilities for loading into the fabrication machines that actually manufacture the logic or processor. Some embodiments may be implemented, for example, using a machine-readable medium or article which may store an instruction or a set of instructions that, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method and/or operations in accordance with the present invention. Examples are given. Such a machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware and/or software.
The machine-readable medium or article may include, for example, any suitable type of memory unit, memory device, memory article, storage medium, storage device, storage article, storage medium and/or storage unit, for example, memory, removable or non-removable media, erasable or non-erasable media, writeable or re-writeable media, digital or analog media, hard disk, floppy disk, compact disk read Only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk recordable (CD-R), compact disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), optical disk, magnetic media, magneto-optical media, removable memory cards or disks, various types of Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), a tape, a cassette, or the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, encrypted code, and the like, implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language.
The following examples relate to further embodiments:
in a first example, an apparatus of a user equipment may include at least one memory; and logic, at least a portion of which is implemented in circuitry coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to: receiving configuration broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of a radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel in a Long term evolution over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system; identifying a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication of an UL channel of an LTE-U system; generating a UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal.
Further to the first example, the UL signal includes the SRS at the second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the first example, the logic generates the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of the subframe.
Further to the first example, the logic generates the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of the subframe, the punctured first symbol comprising the predetermined symbol.
Further to the first example, the logic generates the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of the subframe, the punctured first symbol comprising a padding symbol.
Further to the first example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the first example, the logic generates a UL signal with demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) in symbols of a subframe.
Further to the first example, the logic generates a UL signal having a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the first example, the logic generates a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the first example, the logic generates an UL signal having a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the first example, the apparatus includes a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver communicatively coupled to the circuitry, the RF transceiver to transmit the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
Further to the first example, the apparatus includes a memory controller communicatively coupled to the at least one memory to control memory operations of the at least one memory, and an input/output (I/O) controller communicatively coupled to the circuitry to control I/O operations of the circuitry.
In a second example, a method may comprise: receiving configuration broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of a radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel in a Long term evolution over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system; identifying a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication of a UL channel for an LTE-U system; generating a UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating the UL signal to include the SRS at the second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols including the predetermined symbols.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols including blanking symbols.
Further to the second example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating a UL signal having demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) in symbols of a subframe.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating a UL signal having a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the second example, the method includes generating a UL signal having a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the second example, the method includes transmitting the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
In a third example, the at least one machine-readable storage medium may include instructions that when executed by the computing device cause the computing device to: receiving an instruction to configure broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of a radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel in a Long term evolution over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system; identifying a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication of an UL channel of an LTE-U system; generating a UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating an UL signal having an SRS at a second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols comprising predetermined symbols.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols including whiteout symbols.
Further to the third example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating a UL signal having demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) in symbols of a subframe.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating a UL signal having a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal with UL signals in symbols of a subframe
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for generating a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the third example, the storage medium includes instructions for transmitting the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
In a fourth example, the apparatus of the user equipment may include means for receiving configuration broadcast communications from an infrastructure station of the radio access network over a Downlink (DL) channel of a long term evolution (LTE-U) system over unlicensed spectrum; means for identifying a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication of a UL channel of an LTE-U system; and means for generating a UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating an UL signal to include the SRS at the second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating an UL signal having punctured first symbols of the subframe.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating an UL signal having a punctured first symbol for the subframe, wherein the punctured first symbol comprises a predetermined symbol.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating an UL signal having a punctured first symbol of the subframe, wherein the punctured first symbol comprises a padding symbol.
Further to the fourth example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating a UL signal having demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) in symbols of a subframe.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating a UL signal having a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus includes means for generating a UL signal having a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the fourth example, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of an LTE-U system.
In a fifth example, an apparatus of an infrastructure station may include at least one memory; and logic, at least a portion of which is implemented in circuitry coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to: configuring a format of an Uplink (UL) signal for an UL channel of a Long term evolution (LTE-U) system in an unlicensed spectrum, the UL signal including an indication that a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) is to be located in a first portion of a subframe; associating a format of the UL sounding signal with the configured broadcast communication; and encode the configuration broadcast communication for transmission on a Downlink (DL) channel of the LTE-U system.
Further to the fifth example, the logic configures a format of the UL signal to include the SRS at a second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the fifth example, the logic configures a format of the UL signal to include the punctured first symbol of the subframe.
Further to the fifth example, the logic configures a format of the UL signal to include punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols including the predetermined symbols.
Further to the fifth example, the logic configures a format of the UL signal to include a punctured first symbol of the subframe, the punctured first symbol including a padding symbol.
Further to the fifth example, the logical configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the fifth example, logic configures a format of the UL signal to include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the fifth example, logic configures a format of the UL signal to include a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the fifth example, the logic configures a format of the UL signal to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the fifth example, the logic configures a format of the UL signal to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the fifth example, the apparatus comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver communicatively coupled to the circuitry, the RF transceiver to transmit the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
Further to the fifth example, the apparatus comprises a memory controller communicatively coupled to the at least one memory to control memory operations on the at least one memory; and an input/output (I/O) controller communicatively coupled to the circuit to control I/O operations of the circuit.
In a sixth example, a method may comprise: configuring a format of an Uplink (UL) signal for an UL channel of a Long term evolution (LTE-U) system over an unlicensed spectrum, the UL signal including an indication that a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) is to be located in a first portion of a subframe; associating a format of the UL sounding signal with the configured broadcast communication; and encode the configuration broadcast communication for transmission on a Downlink (DL) channel of the LTE-U system.
Further to the sixth example, the method includes configuring a format of the UL signal to include the SRS at the second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the sixth example, the method includes configuring a format of the UL signal to include a punctured first symbol of the subframe.
Further to the sixth example, the method includes configuring a format of the UL signal to include punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols including the predetermined symbols.
Further to the sixth example, the method includes configuring a format of the UL signal to include punctured first symbols of the subframe, the punctured first symbols including blanking symbols.
Further to the sixth example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the sixth example, the method comprises: the format of the UL signal is configured to include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) in a symbol of a subframe.
Further to the sixth example, the method comprises: configuring a format of the UL signal to include a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the sixth example, the method comprises: the format of the UL signal is configured to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of a subframe.
Further to the sixth example, the method comprises: the format of the UL signal is configured to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the sixth example, the method includes transmitting the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
In a seventh example, the at least one machine-readable storage medium may include instructions that when executed by the computing device cause the computing device to: configuring a format of an Uplink (UL) signal for an UL channel of a Long term evolution (LTE-U) system in an unlicensed spectrum, the UL signal including an indication that a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) is to be located in a first portion of a subframe; associating a format of the UL sounding signal with the configured broadcast communication; and encode the configuration broadcast communication for transmission on a Downlink (DL) channel of the LTE-U system.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include the SRS at the second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include punctured first symbols of the subframe.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include punctured first symbols of the subframe, wherein the punctured first symbols include predetermined symbols.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include punctured first symbols of the subframe, wherein the punctured first symbols include blanking symbols.
Further to the seventh example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the seventh example, the storage medium includes instructions for transmitting the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
In an eighth example, an apparatus for an infrastructure station may comprise: means for configuring a format of an Uplink (UL) signal for an UL channel of a Long term evolution (LTE-U) system in an unlicensed spectrum, the UL signal including an indication that a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) is to be located in a first portion of a subframe; means for associating a format of the UL sounding signal with a configuration broadcast communication; and code configuring the broadcast communication for transmission on a Downlink (DL) channel of the LTE-U system.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include the SRS at the second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include the punctured first symbol of the subframe.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a punctured first symbol of the subframe, wherein the punctured first symbol comprises a predetermined symbol.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a punctured first symbol of the subframe, wherein the punctured first symbol comprises a padding symbol.
Further to the eighth example, the configuration broadcast communication includes Downlink Control Information (DCI), a Master Information Broadcast (MIB), a System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein the DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and the DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus includes means for configuring a format of the UL signal to include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
Further to the eighth example, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of an LTE-U system.
Numerous specific details have been set forth herein to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known operations, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments. It can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and do not necessarily limit the scope of the embodiments.
Some embodiments may be described using the expression "coupled" and "connected" along with their derivatives. These terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms "connected" and/or "coupled" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The term "coupled," however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, it may be appreciated that terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," or the like, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical quantities (e.g., electronic) within the computing system's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computing system's memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
It should be noted that the methods described herein need not be performed in the order described, or in any particular order. Further, various activities described with respect to the methods identified herein can be executed in serial or parallel fashion.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Accordingly, the scope of the various embodiments includes any other applications in which the above compositions, structures, and methods are used.
It is emphasized that the abstract of the present disclosure is provided to comply with 37c.f.r. § 1.72(b), which requires an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing detailed description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment. In the appended claims, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain-english equivalents of the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein," respectively. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims (24)

1. An apparatus of a user equipment, comprising:
at least one memory; and
logic, at least a portion of the logic being implemented in circuitry coupled to the at least one memory, the logic to:
receiving configuration broadcast communications over a Downlink (DL) channel of a Long term evolution (LTE-U) system over unlicensed spectrum from an infrastructure station of a radio access network;
identifying a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication of an UL channel of the LTE-U system; and
generating the UL signal according to the identified format, the UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, the UL signal comprising the SRS at a second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to generate the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of the subframe.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to generate the UL signal with a punctured first symbol for the subframe, the punctured first symbol comprising a predetermined symbol.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to generate the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of the subframe, the punctured first symbol comprising a padding symbol.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, the configuring broadcast communications comprising: downlink Control Information (DCI), Master Information Broadcast (MIB), System Information Broadcast (SIB), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the logic is to generate the UL signal with demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) in symbols of the subframe.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to generate the UL signal having a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs), wherein DM-RSs are in a fourth symbol and DM-RSs are in an eleventh symbol.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to generate the UL signal having a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, the logic to generate the UL signal having a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver communicatively coupled to the circuitry, the RF transceiver to transmit the UL signal as an RF signal over an UL channel of the LTE-U system.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising: a memory controller communicatively coupled to the at least one memory to control memory operations of the at least one memory; and an input/output (I/O) controller communicatively coupled to the circuit to control I/O operations of the circuit.
13. A method, comprising:
receiving configuration broadcast communications over a Downlink (DL) channel of a Long term evolution (LTE-U) system over unlicensed spectrum from an infrastructure station of a radio access network;
identifying a format of an Uplink (UL) signal in a configuration broadcast communication for a UL channel of the LTE-U system; and is
Generating a UL signal including a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) at a first portion of a subframe of the UL signal according to the identified format.
14. The method of claim 13, comprising: generating the UL signal to include the SRS at a second symbol of the first portion of the subframe.
15. The method of claim 13, comprising generating the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of a subframe.
16. The method of claim 13, comprising generating an UL signal having a punctured first symbol for the subframe, the punctured first symbol comprising a predetermined symbol.
17. The method of claim 13, comprising generating the UL signal with a punctured first symbol of the subframe, the punctured first symbol comprising a padding symbol.
18. The method of claim 13, comprising generating the UL signal with demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) in symbols of the subframe.
19. The method of claim 13, comprising generating a UL signal having a plurality of demodulation reference signals (DM-RS), wherein the DM-RS is in a fourth symbol and the DM-RS is in an eleventh symbol.
20. The method of claim 13, comprising: generating the UL signal having a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a symbol of the subframe.
21. The method of claim 13, comprising: generating a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal in a ninth symbol of the subframe.
22. The method of claim 13, comprising transmitting a UL signal as an RF signal over a UL channel of the LTE-U system.
23. At least one machine storage medium comprising a plurality of instructions that in response to being executed by a system, cause the system to carry out a method according to any one of claims 13-22.
24. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of claims 13-22.
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