CN108441636B - A kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud - Google Patents

A kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud Download PDF

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CN108441636B
CN108441636B CN201810203127.1A CN201810203127A CN108441636B CN 108441636 B CN108441636 B CN 108441636B CN 201810203127 A CN201810203127 A CN 201810203127A CN 108441636 B CN108441636 B CN 108441636B
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reduction
sodium
agglomerate
red mud
vacuum
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CN108441636A (en
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李博
王耀武
马占山
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/006—Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
    • C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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Abstract

A kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud, sequentially include the following steps: (1) by red mud and carbonaceous reductant it is levigate respectively after mixed with additive sodium sulphate and be pressed into agglomerate；(2) reduction reaction is carried out under the conditions of vacuum and 700~1200 DEG C of temperature；(3) levigate rear magnetic separation obtains Fe-FeS alloying pellet product and magnetic tailing；(4) secondary agglomerate is pressed into after mixing magnetic tailing, aluminium powder and additive；(5) two sections of reduction reactions are carried out under the conditions of vacuum and 700~1200 DEG C of temperature, steam crystallization becomes solid metal sodium.The method of the invention realizes sodium elements in red mud to be completely separated, and the extraction for rare element in the utilization of subsequent residue and subsequent residue creates advantage.

Description

A kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud
Technical field
The invention belongs to vacuum metallurgy technology field, in particular to a kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud.
Background technique
Red mud is the industrial residue that aluminum oxide industry generates.Bayer process, every production 1t aluminium oxide discharge red mud 1.5- 2.5t.Sintering process and combination method technique, every production 1t aluminium oxide discharge 1.5-2.5t red mud.By " hazardous waste judging standard ", Red mud belongs to highly basic waste residue, is a kind of serious alkaline pollution source.Red mud has moisture content is high, partial size is tiny, alkalinity is high etc. Feature.The main processing ways of red mud are stockpilings of building a dam at present, directly fill out sea or fill out sea after neutralizing.Red mud dump must use Expensive antiseepage membrane material needs construction and the maintenance cost of writing；Alkali waste may polluted surface water and underground in red mud Water source, has brought tremendous economic losses and serious Environmental security hidden danger to society.
Many researchs are done both at home and abroad in terms of red mud comprehensive utilization, U.S. Bureau burns after mixing red mud and sodium carbonate Knot generates the soluble sodium aluminate of lye.After residue is partly or entirely restored again, magnetic separation recovery iron.Benefit of the country for red mud With being concentrated mainly on both direction: one is addition lime or sodium carbonate etc. using leaching aluminium oxide after sintering process processing red mud, Then magnetic separation recovery iron；Another direction is the iron in carbon thermal reduction red mud, recycles oxygen from ironmaking slag again after then recycling iron Change aluminium.In addition to the above two methods, many other processing methods, either which kind of processing method are also wanted, not completely Realize the comprehensive utilization or harmless treatment of red mud.Most harmful substance is mainly alkali (i.e. sodium oxide molybdena), existing work in red mud Skill is all unfolded around the recycling of aluminium oxide in red mud and utilizing for iron oxide substantially, is difficult to completely remove the sodium in red mud, It cannot achieve the complete innoxious use of red mud.In addition to this, the yttriums such as scandium, niobium, vanadium are contained in red mud, part Yttrium has reached extraction standard, but the production method of these elements is substantially acid system leaching, and exists in red mud Simultaneously also containing a large amount of iron oxide, these increase being measured with acid for acid systems leaching, also increase subsequent dissolution fluid a large amount of alkali Processing difficulty causes the micro yttrium in red mud not to be reasonably utilized always.
Summary of the invention
For the above problem existing for existing red mud processing technique, the present invention provides a kind of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud Method, red mud first through one section of carbon thermal reduction, restores iron oxide, while sodium oxide molybdena being made to be changed into nepheline, then magnetic separation point After separating out iron, then aluminothermic reduction is carried out, reduction-oxidation sodium and part rare metal, sodium are separated through distillation, and yttrium can To extract, the comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment of red mud are realized.
Method of the invention sequentially includes the following steps:
1, red mud and carbonaceous reductant is levigate to granularity≤100 mesh respectively, it is then uniformly mixed, is pressed into sodium sulphate Agglomerate；Carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=(10~40): (3~20): 100；
2, agglomerate is placed in vacuum drying oven, under the conditions of vacuum and 700~1200 DEG C of temperature, carries out reduction reaction, time 2 ~10h, the iron and iron sulfide generated in reduction process are combined into Fe-FeS alloying pellet, and other components exist with melt form, Fe-FeS alloying pellet is deposited to the bottom of melt；It cools to room temperature after the completion of reduction reaction with the furnace, obtains a section of reduction slag；
3, a section of reduction slag is broken and levigate to granularity≤100 mesh, it then carries out magnetic separation and obtains the production of Fe-FeS alloying pellet Product and magnetic tailing；The main component of magnetic tailing is nepheline (NaAlSiO4)；
4, magnetic tailing, aluminium powder and additive are uniformly mixed, are then pressed into secondary agglomerate；Quality is pressed in secondary agglomerate Than aluminium powder: additive: magnetic tailing=(3~10): (30~100): 100；
5, secondary agglomerate is placed in vacuum drying oven, under the conditions of vacuum and 700~1200 DEG C of temperature, it is anti-carries out two sections of reduction It answers, 2~10h of time；Two sections of reduction reactions make sodium oxide molybdena reduction become metallic sodium, metallic sodium shape during two sections of reduction reactions At steam, and on the crystallizer of vacuum drying oven, crystallization becomes solid metal sodium；Rest materials cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain secondary Reducing slag.
In the above method, the key reaction formula of the reduction reaction of step 2 are as follows:
3C+2Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO,
3CO+Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO2、
Na2SO4+4C+Fe2O=FeS+4CO+Na2O and
Na2O+Al2O3+SiO2=2NaAlSiO4。
In above-mentioned step 1, carbonaceous reductant is coal, petroleum coke, calcined anthracite, coke and/or metallurgical coke.
In above-mentioned step 4, additive is calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, silica, vermiculite, kaolin or low ferrallite mine, granularity ≤ 100 mesh.
In the above method, when additive is calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, the key reaction formula of two sections of reduction reactions of step 5 Are as follows:
2Al+6NaAlSiO4+ 3CaO=6Na+3CaAl2SiO6。
In the above method, when additive is silica, vermiculite, kaolin or low ferrallite mine, two sections of reduction of step 5 are anti- The key reaction formula answered are as follows:
Al+3NaAlSiO4=3Na+2Al2O3+3SiO2。
In the above method, step 1 prepares preferred embodiment when agglomerate are as follows: fixed carbon and red mud in control carbonaceous reductant The mass ratio of middle iron oxide is (0.23~0.40): 1.
In the above method, step 4 prepares preferred embodiment when secondary agglomerate are as follows: sodium oxide molybdena in control aluminium powder and magnetic tailing Mass ratio be (0.30~0.60): 1.
Above-mentioned Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90% by mass percentage, sells directly as product.
Above-mentioned solid metal sodium purity >=98% is sold directly as product.
In the above method, when additive is silica, vermiculite, kaolin or low ferrallite mine, two sections of reducing slags of acquisition By mass percentage salic 20~50%, silica 20~60%, iron oxide content≤5%, calcium oxide content≤5%； When additive is calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, two sections of reducing slags of acquisition by mass percentage salic 20~30%, oxidation Silicon 10~30%, iron oxide≤5%, calcium oxide 25~60%.
In above-mentioned step 1,30~100MPa of briquetting pressure of agglomerate is suppressed.
In above-mentioned step 4,30~100MPa of briquetting pressure of secondary agglomerate is suppressed.
The principle of the present invention is: first time vacuum reduction, the iron oxide after reaction in red mud be reduced into as metallic iron and Iron sulfide, iron and FeS form Fe-FeS low temperature eutectic, so that iron particle richness gathers, grows up into biggish iron ball and be embedded in also In former slag, and the sodium oxide molybdena, silica and aluminium oxide and sodium sulphate in red mud can react and generate nepheline (NaAlSiO4), nepheline Fusing point is lower, melts during reduction, restores the iron ball of acquisition since density is larger, can be deposited to the nepheline bottom of melting； The small iron ball that high Fe content is obtained after magnetic separation separation, can be used as product and sells；During two sections of vacuum reductions, aluminium is by material In sodium oxide molybdena reduction become metallic sodium, metallic sodium can distill since saturated vapor pressure is higher, and in the crystallization of vacuum drying oven Crystallization becomes solid metal sodium on device, to realize the separation of sodium element and material, the main component of reducing slag is oxygen after reduction Change aluminium and silica, residue is used as the raw material of building materials raw material or refractory material after reduction, or for extracting other valuable rare gold Belong to element.
When vacuum reduction, according to iron oxide content in the difference and red mud for fixing carbon content in carbonaceous reductant Difference, the ratio both controlled can further improve reduction effect；When two sections of vacuum reductions, according to sodium oxide molybdena in magnetic tailing Content controls the ratio of remaining aluminium powder, can further improve reduction effect；And when this vacuum reduction, it is anti-for adding the effect of aggregate Only first fusing influences reduction effect to nepheline during reduction.
The invention has the characteristics that one section is roasted using addition sodium sulphate vacuum reduction, the reduction of iron under low temperature may be implemented Gather with the richness of iron particle, grow up, is easy to subsequent magnetic separation separation, after a section of reduction magnetic separation, iron content can be down in magnetic tailing 1% or less；Two sections use vacuum aluminothermic reduction, and sodium oxide molybdena reduction rate can reach 99% or more, the sodium content after reduction in residue 0.1% can be reduced to hereinafter, realize being completely separated for sodium element in red mud, be dilute in the utilization and subsequent residue of subsequent residue There is the extraction of element to create advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram that two sections of vacuum reductions of the invention handle red mud.
Specific embodiment
Vacuum plant in the embodiment of the present invention uses the vacuum drying oven with crystallizer.
Levigate in the embodiment of the present invention is to carry out ball milling using ball mill.
When pelletizing in the embodiment of the present invention carries out reduction reaction, vacuum condition selects 0.1~1000Pa of vacuum degree.
When secondary pelletizing in the embodiment of the present invention carries out two sections of reduction reactions, vacuum condition selection vacuum degree 0.1~ 10Pa。
Agglomerate diameter in the embodiment of the present invention is less than 50mm, and length is less than 60mm.
Secondary agglomerate diameter in the embodiment of the present invention is less than 50mm, and length is less than 60mm.
The magnetic separation strength selected when magnetic separation in the embodiment of the present invention is 0.1~1.0T.
30~100MPa of briquetting pressure of agglomerate is suppressed in the embodiment of the present invention.
30~100MPa of briquetting pressure of secondary agglomerate is suppressed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90% by mass percentage in the embodiment of the present invention.
Solid metal sodium purity >=98% in the embodiment of the present invention.
The degree of metalization 70~95% of iron, the rate of recovery 70~90% in the embodiment of the present invention.
The reduction rate 40~98% of sodium oxide molybdena in the embodiment of the present invention, the rate of recovery 35~95% of sodium.
The embodiment of the present invention is when additive is silica, vermiculite, kaolin or low ferrallite mine, two sections of reducing slags of acquisition By mass percentage salic 20~50%, silica 20~60%, iron oxide content≤5%, calcium oxide content≤5%； When additive is calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, two sections of reducing slags of acquisition by mass percentage salic 20~30%, oxidation Silicon 10~30%, iron oxide≤5%, calcium oxide 25~60%.
Embodiment 1
Red mud and carbonaceous reductant is levigate to granularity≤100 mesh respectively, it is then uniformly mixed, suppresses agglomerating with sodium sulphate Block；Carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=15: 10: 100；Wherein carbonaceous reductant is coal；
Agglomerate is placed in vacuum drying oven, under the conditions of vacuum and 700 DEG C of temperature, carries out reduction reaction, time 10h, reduction The iron and iron sulfide generated in the process is combined into Fe-FeS alloying pellet, and other components exist with melt form, Fe-FeS alloy Ball is deposited to the bottom of melt；It cools to room temperature after the completion of reduction reaction with the furnace, obtains a section of reduction slag；
A section of reduction slag is broken and levigate to granularity≤100 mesh, it then carries out magnetic separation and obtains Fe-FeS alloying pellet product And magnetic tailing；The main component of magnetic tailing is nepheline (NaAlSiO4)；
Magnetic tailing, aluminium powder and additive are uniformly mixed, secondary agglomerate is then pressed into；In secondary agglomerate in mass ratio Aluminium powder: additive: magnetic tailing=4: 95: 100；Wherein additive is calcium oxide, granularity≤100 mesh；
Secondary agglomerate is placed in vacuum drying oven, under the conditions of vacuum and 700 DEG C of temperature, carries out two sections of reduction reactions, time 10h；Two sections of reduction reactions make sodium oxide molybdena reduction become metallic sodium, and metallic sodium forms steam during two sections of reduction reactions, and Crystallization becomes solid metal sodium on the crystallizer of vacuum drying oven；Rest materials cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain secondary reduction slag；
The Fe-FeS alloying pellet product of acquisition contains Fe92%, solid metal sodium purity 98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 73%, the rate of recovery 70%；The reduction rate 40% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 35% of sodium.
Embodiment 2
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=20: 3: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is petroleum coke；
(2) 1200 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 2h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=3: 100: 100；Additive is calcium carbonate；
(4) two sections 1200 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 2h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe91%, solid metal sodium purity 99% by mass percentage；The metallization of iron Rate 75%, the rate of recovery 71%；The reduction rate 48% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 39% of sodium.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=18: 9: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is to forge rear nothing Bituminous coal；
(2) 1100 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 3h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=10: 30: 100；Additive is silica；
(4) two sections 1100 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 3h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe91%, solid metal sodium purity 99% by mass percentage；The metallization of iron Rate 78%, the rate of recovery 74%；The reduction rate 55% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 42% of sodium.
Embodiment 4
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=36: 4: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is coke；
(2) 800 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 9h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=3: 90: 100；Additive is vermiculite；
(4) two sections 800 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 9h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 82%, the rate of recovery 77%；The reduction rate 64% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 57% of sodium.
Embodiment 5
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=20: 8: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is metallurgical coke；
(2) 1000 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 4h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=9: 40: 100；Additive is kaolin；
(4) two sections 1000 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 4h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 84%, the rate of recovery 80%；The reduction rate 72% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 69% of sodium.
Embodiment 6
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=24: 7: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is coal and smelting It is golden burnt；The mass ratio of iron oxide is 0.23: 1 in fixed carbon and red mud in carbonaceous reductant；
(2) 900 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 5h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=8: 90: 100；Additive is low ferrallite Mine；The mass ratio of sodium oxide molybdena is 0.55: 1 in aluminium powder and magnetic tailing；
(4) two sections 900 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 5h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 90%, the rate of recovery 88%；The reduction rate 95% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 92% of sodium.
Embodiment 7
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=28: 6: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is petroleum coke And calcined anthracite；The mass ratio of iron oxide is 0.40: 1 in fixed carbon and red mud in carbonaceous reductant；
(2) 950 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 6h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=5: 50: 100；Additive is calcium carbonate；Aluminium The mass ratio of sodium oxide molybdena is 0.50: 1 in powder and magnetic tailing；
(4) two sections 850 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 7h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 95%, the rate of recovery 90%；The reduction rate 98% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 95% of sodium.
Embodiment 8
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=30: 5: 100；Carbonaceous reductant be coke and Metallurgical coke；The mass ratio of iron oxide is 0.35: 1 in fixed carbon and red mud in carbonaceous reductant；
(2) 1000 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 7h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=6: 55: 100；Additive is vermiculite；Aluminium powder Mass ratio with sodium oxide molybdena in magnetic tailing is 0.55: 1；
(4) two sections 950 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 8h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 93%, the rate of recovery 89%；The reduction rate 96% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 91% of sodium.
Embodiment 9
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=32: 6: 100；After carbonaceous reductant is coal, forges Anthracite and metallurgical coke；The mass ratio of iron oxide is 0.30: 1 in fixed carbon and red mud in carbonaceous reductant；
(2) 1050 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 6h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=7: 60: 100；Additive is kaolin；Aluminium The mass ratio of sodium oxide molybdena is 0.60: 1 in powder and magnetic tailing；
(4) two sections 900 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 6h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 94%, the rate of recovery 87%；The reduction rate 95% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 89% of sodium.
Embodiment 10
With embodiment 1, difference is method:
(1) carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=34: 7: 100；Carbonaceous reductant is petroleum coke And metallurgical coke；The mass ratio of iron oxide is 0.28: 1 in fixed carbon and red mud in carbonaceous reductant；
(2) 1100 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 5h；
(3) aluminium powder in mass ratio in secondary agglomerate: additive: magnetic tailing=6: 65: 100；Additive is low ferrallite Mine；The mass ratio of sodium oxide molybdena is 0.45: 1 in aluminium powder and magnetic tailing；
(4) two sections 1100 DEG C of reduction reaction temperature, time 4h；
(5) Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contains Fe >=90%, solid metal sodium purity >=98% by mass percentage；The gold of iron Belong to rate 94%, the rate of recovery 90%；The reduction rate 97% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 93% of sodium.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud, it is characterised in that sequentially include the following steps:
(1) red mud and carbonaceous reductant is levigate to granularity≤100 mesh respectively, it is then uniformly mixed, presses with additive sodium sulphate Agglomerate is made；Carbonaceous reducing agent in mass ratio in agglomerate: sodium sulphate: red mud=(10 ~ 40): (3 ~ 20): 100；The carbonaceous is also Former agent is coal, petroleum coke, coke and/or metallurgical coke；Suppress 30 ~ 100MPa of briquetting pressure of agglomerate；
(2) agglomerate is placed in vacuum drying oven, under the conditions of vacuum and 700 ~ 1200 DEG C of temperature, progress reduction reaction, the time 2 ~ 10h, the iron and iron sulfide generated in reduction process are combined into Fe-FeS alloying pellet, and other components exist with melt form, Fe- FeS alloying pellet is deposited to the bottom of melt；It cools to room temperature after the completion of reduction reaction with the furnace, obtains a section of reduction slag；Agglomerate into When row reduction reaction, vacuum condition selects 0.1 ~ 1000Pa of vacuum degree；
(3) a section of reduction slag is broken and levigate to granularity≤100 mesh, then carry out magnetic separation obtain Fe-FeS alloying pellet product and Magnetic tailing；The main component of magnetic tailing is nepheline；The Fe-FeS alloying pellet product contain by mass percentage Fe >= 90%；The degree of metalization 70 ~ 95% of iron, the rate of recovery 70 ~ 90%；
(4) magnetic tailing, aluminium powder and additive are uniformly mixed, are then pressed into secondary agglomerate；In secondary agglomerate in mass ratio Aluminium powder: additive: magnetic tailing=(3 ~ 10): (30 ~ 100): 100；The additive is calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, silica, leech Stone, kaolin or low ferrallite mine, granularity≤100 mesh；Suppress 30 ~ 100MPa of briquetting pressure of secondary agglomerate；
(5) secondary agglomerate is placed in vacuum drying oven, under the conditions of vacuum and 700 ~ 1200 DEG C of temperature, carries out two sections of reduction reactions, 2 ~ 10h of time；Two sections of reduction reactions make sodium oxide molybdena reduction become metallic sodium, and metallic sodium forms steaming during two sections of reduction reactions Vapour, and crystallization becomes solid metal sodium on the crystallizer of vacuum drying oven；Rest materials cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain secondary reduction Slag；Solid metal sodium purity >=98%, when secondary agglomerate carries out two sections of reduction reactions, vacuum condition selects vacuum degree 0.1~10Pa；The reduction rate 40 ~ 98% of sodium oxide molybdena, the rate of recovery 35 ~ 95% of sodium.
2. a kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (1) preferred embodiment when agglomerate is prepared in are as follows: the mass ratio of iron oxide is in the fixed carbon and red mud in control carbonaceous reductant (0.23 ~ 0.40): 1.
3. a kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (4) preferred embodiment when secondary agglomerate is prepared are as follows: the mass ratio of sodium oxide molybdena is (0.30 ~ 0.60) in control aluminium powder and magnetic tailing ∶1。
CN201810203127.1A 2018-03-13 2018-03-13 A kind of method of two sections of vacuum reductions processing red mud Active CN108441636B (en)

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