CN108429285A - It is a kind of to be suitable for the peculiar to vessel from the two-way frequency-changing and current transforming device of grid-connected mixed type of kHz grades of alternating currents - Google Patents
It is a kind of to be suitable for the peculiar to vessel from the two-way frequency-changing and current transforming device of grid-connected mixed type of kHz grades of alternating currents Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 23
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H02J13/0096—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/068—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode mounted on a transformer
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器，包括依次相连的24脉冲移相变压整流模块、DC‑AC逆变模块、LCL滤波模块及中压隔离变压器模块；其中：DC‑AC逆变模块上还连接有离/并网逆变控制模块，离/并网逆变控制模块还通过通讯和控制信号线与LCL滤波模块的两端相连；24脉冲移相变整流模块的输入端与kHz级三相交流电相连；中压隔离变压器模块的输出端与船舶中压电网相连；LCL滤波模块和中压隔离变压器模块之间设置有船舶主配电板和控制开关；控制开关与船舶低压电网相连。本发明能有效减少输入的高频三相交流电中的谐波含量，同时也能减少直流输出电压中的纹波，从而减少对船舶电网的谐波污染，提高船舶电网可靠性及电能质量。
The invention discloses a marine off-grid hybrid two-way frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current, which includes a 24-pulse phase-shifting voltage-changing rectifier module, a DC-AC inverter module, an LCL filter module and a medium-voltage converter connected in sequence. Isolation transformer module; wherein: the DC-AC inverter module is also connected to the off/grid inverter control module, and the off/grid inverter control module is also connected to both ends of the LCL filter module through communication and control signal lines; 24 The input end of the pulse phase-shifting rectification module is connected to the kHz-level three-phase AC; the output end of the medium-voltage isolation transformer module is connected to the ship's medium-voltage grid; the main power distribution of the ship is set between the LCL filter module and the medium-voltage isolation transformer module. board and control switch; the control switch is connected to the ship's low-voltage power grid. The invention can effectively reduce the harmonic content in the input high-frequency three-phase alternating current, and can also reduce the ripple in the DC output voltage, thereby reducing the harmonic pollution to the ship power grid and improving the reliability and power quality of the ship power grid.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及船舶主机排烟尾气余热发电、电能变换及船舶电力系统并网技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器。The invention relates to the technical fields of power generation from smoke and tail gas waste heat of a main engine of a ship, electric energy conversion and grid connection of a ship power system, in particular to a marine off-grid hybrid two-way frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current.
背景技术Background technique
当前，船舶节能减排问题已经引起国际社会的高度重视，各航运大国在给予政策扶持的同时，更投入了大量的人力、物力和财力以有效的实现节能减排这一根本性目标。2009年国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会(MEPC)在其第59会议上，提出并制定“新船能效设计指数(Energy Efficiency Design Index,EEDI)”，要求从设计阶段对影响船舶能效的所有因素进行技术创新。2011年7月，MEPC第62次会议进一步通过了包括EEDI在内的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》附则六，即关于船舶能效规则的修正案。上述法规或政策对造船工艺、船型设计以及创新型节能技术应用等提出了更高的标准要求，正显著地影响到全球船舶制造也和航运业的技术发展。提高能源利用效率以减少燃油消耗量是实现船舶节能减排的重要途径。以传统大型二冲程船用柴油机为例，其热效率接近50％，而有超过50％的能量以热能的形式散失。其中，排烟损失是所有热量瞬时形式中散失最多的部分，约占全部输入热量的25.5％，其温度范围为250～500℃。在标准工况下，船舶主机排气在经过涡轮增压器做功后的温度范围为220～240℃，从热力学效能分析的角度而言，此时的排烟尾气温度及其值仍然较高，但是传统的余热利用方法如余热锅炉对余热的利用率偏低，从而给排烟尾气余热深度利用带来了困难。深度利用船舶主机余热已经引起船舶行业的普遍重视，以船舶主机余热发电应用技术的相关研究工作也已经开始起步。显然，如果能够利用主机排气余热进行发电，可显著提高船舶能效，降低EEDI及燃油消耗量，意义重大。At present, the issue of ship energy saving and emission reduction has attracted great attention from the international community. While providing policy support, major shipping countries have invested a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to effectively achieve the fundamental goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In 2009, at its 59th meeting, the International Maritime Organization’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) proposed and formulated the “Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships”, which requires that all factors that affect ship energy efficiency be evaluated from the design stage. technological innovation. In July 2011, the 62nd meeting of MEPC further passed the amendment to Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, including EEDI, which is the amendment to the ship energy efficiency rules. The above-mentioned regulations or policies put forward higher standard requirements for shipbuilding technology, ship type design and application of innovative energy-saving technologies, which are significantly affecting the technological development of global shipbuilding and shipping industry. Improving energy utilization efficiency to reduce fuel consumption is an important way to achieve ship energy saving and emission reduction. Taking the traditional large two-stroke marine diesel engine as an example, its thermal efficiency is close to 50%, and more than 50% of the energy is lost in the form of heat. Among them, exhaust smoke loss is the most lost part of all heat instantaneous forms, accounting for about 25.5% of all heat input, and its temperature range is 250-500 °C. Under standard working conditions, the temperature range of the ship’s main engine exhaust after the turbocharger has done work is 220-240°C. From the perspective of thermodynamic performance analysis, the temperature of the exhaust gas at this time and its The value is still high, but the traditional waste heat utilization methods such as waste heat boilers have a low utilization rate of waste heat, which brings difficulties to the deep utilization of waste heat from flue gas exhaust. The deep utilization of ship main engine waste heat has attracted widespread attention in the shipbuilding industry, and related research work on the application technology of ship main engine waste heat power generation has also begun. Obviously, if the exhaust waste heat of the main engine can be used for power generation, the energy efficiency of the ship can be significantly improved, and the EEDI and fuel consumption can be reduced, which is of great significance.
以超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环为代表的新型动力循环热能发电技术成为利用船舶主机余热回收利用的可行性技术方案。目前国内外在超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电技术的研究中，取得了较多的研究成果。美国Sandia国家实验室于2008年5月完成S-CO2系统的制造和组装，2009年完成系统测试和试车。美国Echogen LLC动力技术中心研发了世界上第一个兆瓦级的商用超临界二氧化碳发电机组EPS100，发电输出功率达到8MWe，热电转换效率可达24％。日本东芝与美国Exelon和CB&I从2012年6月开始合作，现已研制20MWe(50MWt)超临界二氧化碳发电系统样机，并完成S-CO2循环压力燃烧试验。进一步，计划在2017年完成250MW及商业电站的S-CO2发电系统的研发。韩国KIER主要关注采用S-CO2循环的废热利用技术研究工作，并建立起10kW无回热简单布雷顿循环发电系统样机。美国EchogenPower System公司于2013年完成7MW超临界二氧化碳发电系统测试工作，实现了达到30％的余热发电效率，并成功应用于船舶主机余热发电系统。上述超临界二氧化碳余热发电技术的相关研究工作还处于起步阶段，一方面，目前的研究工作主要集中在对超临界二氧化碳余热发电系统性能及运行特性的研究，并没有涉及到如何对超临界二氧化碳余热发电系统所产生的高频电流进行变频变流以及如何与大电网实现并网的相关研究。另一方面，大多数的研究工作集中于将超临界二氧化碳循环余热发电系统用于陆地高效热能发电系统，很少有将其应用到船舶主机系统中的相关案例。The new power cycle thermal power generation technology represented by the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has become a feasible technical solution for the recovery and utilization of ship engine waste heat. At present, many research results have been obtained in the research of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation technology at home and abroad. The Sandia National Laboratory of the United States completed the manufacture and assembly of the S-CO 2 system in May 2008, and completed the system testing and commissioning in 2009. Echogen LLC Power Technology Center in the United States has developed the world's first megawatt-class commercial supercritical carbon dioxide generator set EPS100, with an output power of 8MWe and a thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 24%. Toshiba of Japan, Exelon and CB&I of the United States have cooperated since June 2012, and have developed a 20MWe (50MWt) supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system prototype and completed the S-CO 2 cycle pressure combustion test. Further, it is planned to complete the research and development of S-CO 2 power generation system for 250MW and commercial power plants in 2017. Korea KIER mainly focuses on the research of waste heat utilization technology using S-CO 2 cycle, and has established a 10kW non-regenerating simple Brayton cycle power generation system prototype. EchogenPower System Company of the United States completed the test of 7MW supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system in 2013, achieved a waste heat power generation efficiency of 30%, and successfully applied it to the ship main engine waste heat power generation system. The research work on the supercritical carbon dioxide waste heat power generation technology is still in its infancy. On the one hand, the current research work mainly focuses on the performance and operation characteristics of the supercritical carbon dioxide waste heat power generation system, and does not involve how to use supercritical carbon dioxide waste heat power generation. The high-frequency current generated by the power generation system is converted into frequency and current and how to achieve grid connection with the large power grid. On the other hand, most of the research work focuses on the application of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle waste heat power generation system to land high-efficiency thermal energy power generation system, and there are few related cases of applying it to ship main engine system.
在多脉冲变频变流器的研究方面，目前技术已经相对比较成熟。采用多脉冲整流技术，通过整流器波形叠加，可以有效消除特定次谐波。整流装置越大，对电网的干扰越多。因而多脉冲整流器适用于大功率整流领域。在航空电源系统中，多脉冲整流器由于具有结构简单可靠性高、过载能力强而被广泛采用。如大型民航客机上作为二次电源的变压整流器，采用12脉冲变压整流器。在B787、A380中也已大量使用多脉冲整流器。在UPS领域、梅兰日兰(MGE UPS SYSTEMS)公司在1976年就已经退出第二代大功率全可控硅UPS(可控硅整流-可控硅逆变器-可控硅静态开关)中，使用了12脉冲整流器，并申请了专利。在电力机车牵引方面，多脉冲整流器也有着广泛的应用。如广州地铁2号线就采用了24脉冲整流器。除此在外，多脉冲整流器还广泛应用于电解电镀、矿井提升机等领域。从多脉冲整流器的研究现状中可以发现，目前还没有本发明所提出的一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器装置。In terms of research on multi-pulse variable frequency converters, the current technology is relatively mature. Using multi-pulse rectification technology, through the superposition of rectifier waveforms, specific harmonics can be effectively eliminated. The larger the rectifier, the more disturbance to the grid. Therefore, the multi-pulse rectifier is suitable for the field of high-power rectification. In aviation power systems, multi-pulse rectifiers are widely used due to their simple structure, high reliability, and strong overload capacity. For example, a 12-pulse transformer rectifier is used as a secondary power supply transformer rectifier on a large civil aviation airliner. Multi-pulse rectifiers have also been widely used in B787 and A380. In the field of UPS, Merlin Gerin (MGE UPS SYSTEMS) has withdrawn from the second generation of high-power fully thyristor UPS (SCR rectifier-SCR inverter-SCR static switch) in 1976. , used a 12-pulse rectifier and applied for a patent. In electric locomotive traction, multi-pulse rectifiers are also widely used. For example, Guangzhou Metro Line 2 uses a 24-pulse rectifier. In addition, multi-pulse rectifiers are also widely used in electrolytic plating, mine hoists and other fields. From the research status of multi-pulse rectifiers, it can be found that there is no marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional frequency conversion converter device suitable for kHz-level alternating current proposed by the present invention.
将超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电技术应用于船舶主机系统，同时将由超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电系统所产生的高频三相交流电进行变频变流并与船舶电网实现并网运行的相关变流装置和技术方案，目前还没有案例可寻。将超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电技术应用于船舶主机系统并与船舶主电网实现并网运行尚属于探索性研究，即仅从工程技术角度在原有船舶电力系统的基础上进行按需改造，而不是从整体设计和全系统运行管理的角度将超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电系统与船舶主电网并网。从技术应用的普遍性和通用性角度出发，需要对超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电系统所产生的高频电流进行变频变流以及与船舶主电网并网的装置，即一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器的系统设计、运行、监控和管理等方面进行有针对性的实验研究。Apply the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation technology to the ship's main engine system, and at the same time convert the high-frequency three-phase alternating current generated by the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation system to achieve grid-connected operation with the ship's power grid. Streaming devices and technical solutions, there is no case to be found. Applying the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation technology to the ship's main engine system and realizing grid-connected operation with the ship's main power grid is still an exploratory study, that is, only from the perspective of engineering technology to carry out on-demand transformation on the basis of the original ship power system, and It is not from the perspective of overall design and system-wide operation management to connect the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation system with the ship's main power grid. From the perspective of the universality and generality of technical applications, it is necessary to convert the frequency and flow of the high-frequency current generated by the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation system and connect it to the main grid of the ship, that is, a device suitable for kHz level Conduct targeted experimental research on the system design, operation, monitoring and management of the AC marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter.
在一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器设计过程中需要注意一下几个方面：In the design process of a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level AC power, several aspects need to be paid attention to:
(1)与陆地电网相比，船舶电力系统是一种强耦合、强非线性、容量有限的紧凑型系统，其从电网结构，运行模式、稳定性、系统保护与重构等方面都和陆地电力系统有很大的差异。同时，船舶电网是一个独立的电力体系，船用电气设备的可靠性等级要求也要高于陆用电气设备。(1) Compared with the land power grid, the ship power system is a compact system with strong coupling, strong nonlinearity and limited capacity. Power systems vary widely. At the same time, the ship power grid is an independent power system, and the reliability level requirements of marine electrical equipment are also higher than those of land electrical equipment.
(2)随着船舶大型化和自动化趋势的日趋显著，依靠电力驱动和控制的大功率船用设备比例不断提高，船舶电力系统在设备配置、电网结构、运行模式、控制策略和状态监测等方面均有较大的变化。从而针对船舶电力系统的可靠性、安全性、经济性和可监测性等方面也提出了更高的要求。(2) With the increasing trend of large-scale ships and automation, the proportion of high-power marine equipment driven and controlled by electric power continues to increase. There are big changes. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the reliability, safety, economy and monitorability of the ship's power system.
(4)一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器设计方案，必须要能够实现对高频率电流的变频、变流及与船舶电网并网的目标，符合并满足船舶电力系统并网运行及船舶电气设备安全稳定运行的技术标准。(4) A design scheme for a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level AC power must be able to achieve the goals of frequency conversion and current conversion of high-frequency currents and grid connection with the ship power grid, and meet and meet the requirements Technical standards for grid-connected operation of ship power systems and safe and stable operation of ship electrical equipment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术中尚无专用于解决布雷顿循环高速涡轮发电机组中压缩机模块驱动运行、永磁同步发电机模块输出kHz级三相交流电整流逆变并与中压电网并网输出的缺陷，提供一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that there is no special solution in the prior art to solve the drive operation of the compressor module in the high-speed turbine generator set of the Brayton cycle, and the output of the permanent magnet synchronous generator module. To solve the defects of the grid-connected output of the piezoelectric grid, a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current is provided.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:
本发明提供一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器，包括依次相连的24脉冲移相变压整流模块、DC-AC逆变模块、LCL滤波模块及中压隔离变压器模块；其中：The invention provides a marine off-grid hybrid two-way frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current, which includes a 24-pulse phase-shifting voltage-changing rectifier module, a DC-AC inverter module, an LCL filter module and a medium-voltage isolation module connected in sequence Transformer module; where:
DC-AC逆变模块上还连接有离/并网逆变控制模块，离/并网逆变控制模块还通过通讯和控制信号线与LCL滤波模块的两端相连；24脉冲移相变整流模块的输入端与kHz级三相交流电相连；中压隔离变压器模块的输出端与船舶中压电网相连；LCL滤波模块和中压隔离变压器模块之间设置有船舶主配电板和控制开关；控制开关与船舶低压电网相连；The off-grid/grid-connected inverter control module is also connected to the DC-AC inverter module, and the off-grid/grid-connected inverter control module is also connected to both ends of the LCL filter module through communication and control signal lines; the 24-pulse phase-shifting rectifier module The input terminal of the medium-voltage isolation transformer module is connected to the kHz-level three-phase AC power; the output terminal of the medium-voltage isolation transformer module is connected to the medium-voltage power grid of the ship; the ship's main switchboard and a control switch are set between the LCL filter module and the medium-voltage isolation transformer module; the control The switch is connected to the ship's low-voltage power grid;
24脉冲移相变压整流模块通过移相变压器改变原副边的kHz级高频三相交流电电压的相位，经过4组整流桥整流后，能消除特定次电流谐波，并输出稳定直流电流；DC-AC逆变模块和离/并网逆变控制模块将稳定直流电流逆变成三相交流电，并由LCL滤波模块进行滤波；使高频电流的频率、相位、电压均满足与船舶电网并网运行的技术标准，经由三相电缆接入船舶主配电板进行并网；通过中压隔离变压器模块升压后供给船舶中压电网使用，或直接由船舶中压电网经降压变压器向船舶低压电网供电。The 24-pulse phase-shifting rectification module changes the phase of the kHz-level high-frequency three-phase AC voltage on the primary and secondary sides through a phase-shifting transformer. After being rectified by 4 sets of rectifier bridges, it can eliminate specific sub-current harmonics and output stable DC current; The DC-AC inverter module and the off-grid/grid-connected inverter control module invert the stable DC current into three-phase AC, which is filtered by the LCL filter module; the frequency, phase and voltage of the high-frequency current are all in line with the ship grid. According to the technical standard of grid operation, it is connected to the main switchboard of the ship through a three-phase cable for grid connection; after boosted by the medium voltage isolation transformer module, it is supplied to the medium voltage grid of the ship, or directly from the medium voltage grid of the ship through a step-down transformer Supply power to the ship's low-voltage grid.
进一步地，本发明的24脉冲移相变压整流模块包括24脉冲移相变压器以及AC-DC整流器，24脉冲移相变压器由四组绕组连接方式各异的三相变压器组成，AC-DC整流器由串级在一起的四组三相全桥不控整流电路组成。Further, the 24-pulse phase-shifting rectification module of the present invention includes a 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer and an AC-DC rectifier. The 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer is composed of four sets of three-phase transformers with different winding connection modes. The AC-DC rectifier consists of It consists of four groups of three-phase full-bridge uncontrolled rectification circuits cascaded together.
进一步地，本发明的DC-AC逆变模块和离/并网逆变控制模块将稳定直流电流逆变成的三相交流电输出的三相电压为400Vac/50Hz或450Vac/60Hz；中压隔离变压器模块升压为6000Vac/50Hz或6600Vac/60Hz。Further, the DC-AC inverter module and the off-grid/grid-connected inverter control module of the present invention convert the stable DC current into a three-phase AC output, and the three-phase voltage output is 400Vac/50Hz or 450Vac/60Hz; the medium-voltage isolation transformer The module boost voltage is 6000Vac/50Hz or 6600Vac/60Hz.
进一步地，本发明的通过控制开关的不同闭合与断开组合以及船舶中压电网和船舶低压电网中的离并网输出节点控制，实现对输出电能不同输出形式的应用，输出形式包括：作为独立电源离网向船舶低压电气设备供电、作为独立电网离网向中压电气设备供电、与低压船舶电网并网运行及与船舶中压船舶电网并网运行。Further, the present invention realizes the application of different output forms of output electric energy by controlling the different combinations of closing and opening of the switches and the control of the off-grid output node in the medium-voltage power grid of the ship and the low-voltage power grid of the ship. The output forms include: as The independent power supply off-grid supplies power to the ship's low-voltage electrical equipment, as an independent grid off-grid to supply power to the medium-voltage electrical equipment, and operates in parallel with the low-voltage ship power grid and with the ship's medium-voltage ship power grid.
进一步地，本发明的该船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器还包括智能化综合管理系统，智能化综合管理系统包括综合通讯管理单元、系统智能控制单元和数据储存单元；智能化综合管理系统实时与DC-AC逆变模块及离/并网逆变控制模块进行控制信号和监测数据的双向通讯；综合通讯管理单元所接收的信号进行处理后分别发送给系统智能控制单元和数据储存单元，实现对高频三相交流电的变频、变流及并网过程进行智能管理与安全控制。Further, the marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional frequency conversion converter of the present invention also includes an intelligent comprehensive management system, which includes an integrated communication management unit, a system intelligent control unit and a data storage unit; the intelligent comprehensive management The system conducts two-way communication of control signals and monitoring data with the DC-AC inverter module and the off-grid/grid-connected inverter control module in real time; the signals received by the integrated communication management unit are processed and sent to the system intelligent control unit and data storage unit respectively , to realize the intelligent management and safety control of the frequency conversion, current conversion and grid connection process of high-frequency three-phase AC.
本发明产生的有益效果是：本发明以一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器为中枢，采用整体设计和全系统运行管理的指导思想，将由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所产生的高频三相交流电通过24脉冲移相变压整流模块移相并整流，以输出稳定直流电流，然后经由DC-AC逆变模块及其控制模块逆变为三相交流电(400Vac/50Hz或450Vac/60Hz)，再经LCL滤波模块滤波后通过并网控制器与船舶主配电板并网。由中间隔离变压器模块将电压提升至6600Vac/60Hz，供给船舶中压电网使用，同时也可以通过开关控制模块及船舶中、低压电网中的离并网节点控制，实现对高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所输入电能进行不同形式的利用。本发明所带来的有益效果在于：首先，采用24脉冲移相变压整流模块能够有效减少由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所输入的高频三相交流电中的谐波含量，同时也能减少直流输出电压中的纹波，从而减少对船舶电网的谐波污染，提高船舶电网可靠性及电能质量。其次，解决了高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所产生的高频三相交流电(1000～1200Hz)在船舶电力系统中使用的难题，更好的利用由超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环余热发电系统所产生的电能。最后，通过智能化综合管理系统对一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器进行智能管理与控制，实现在船舶电力系统中对高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组输出电能不同形式的利用。本发明从高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组的发电、变电、配电和用电等诸多方面，针对一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器进行设计和安全控制。The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are: the present invention takes a marine off-grid hybrid two-way frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current as the center, adopts the guiding ideology of overall design and operation management of the whole system, and will be composed of high-speed turbine-permanent The high-frequency three-phase alternating current generated by the magnetic synchronous generator set is phase-shifted and rectified by the 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer rectification module to output a stable direct current, and then converted into three-phase alternating current through the DC-AC inverter module and its control module (400Vac/50Hz or 450Vac/60Hz), and then filtered by the LCL filter module and connected to the main switchboard of the ship through the grid-connected controller. The voltage is raised to 6600Vac/60Hz by the intermediate isolation transformer module, which is supplied to the ship's medium-voltage power grid. At the same time, it can also be controlled by the switch control module and the off-grid node in the ship's medium and low-voltage power grid to realize high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronization. The electric energy input by the generating set is utilized in different forms. The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are: firstly, the use of the 24-pulse phase-shifting and voltage-changing rectification module can effectively reduce the harmonic content in the high-frequency three-phase alternating current input by the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set, and can also Reduce the ripple in the DC output voltage, thereby reducing the harmonic pollution to the ship's power grid, and improving the reliability and power quality of the ship's power grid. Secondly, it solves the problem of using high-frequency three-phase alternating current (1000-1200Hz) generated by high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set in the ship power system, and makes better use of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle waste heat power generation system. of electric energy. Finally, a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level AC power is intelligently managed and controlled through an intelligent integrated management system to realize the output of high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator sets in the ship power system. Different forms of utilization of electrical energy. The present invention aims at the design and safety of a marine off-grid hybrid two-way frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current from the aspects of power generation, power transformation, power distribution and power consumption of the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set. control.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, in the accompanying drawing:
图1是本发明实施例一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器设计方案结构简图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a design scheme of a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器电路结构图。Fig. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1：24脉冲移相变压整流模块；2：DC-AC逆变模块；3：LCL滤波模块；4：船舶主配电板；5：控制开关；6：中压隔离变压器模块；7：离/并网逆变控制器模块；8：通讯和控制信号线；9：船舶低压电网；10：船舶中压电网。In the figure: 1: 24-pulse phase shifting rectifier module; 2: DC-AC inverter module; 3: LCL filter module; 4: ship main switchboard; 5: control switch; 6: medium voltage isolation transformer module; 7: Off-grid/grid-connected inverter controller module; 8: Communication and control signal lines; 9: Ship low-voltage power grid; 10: Ship medium-voltage power grid.
21：24脉冲移相变压整流器；21-1：24脉冲三相移相变压器；21-2：AC-DC整流器；22：DC-AC逆变器；23：LCL滤波器；23-1：电感；23-2：电容；24：船舶主配电板；25：控制开关；26：中压隔离变压器；27：船舶中压电网；28：离/并网逆变控制器；28-1：基于PQ控制策略的并网逆变控制器；28-2：基于V/f控制策略的离网逆变控制器；29：船舶低压电网。21: 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer rectifier; 21-1: 24-pulse three-phase phase-shifting transformer; 21-2: AC-DC rectifier; 22: DC-AC inverter; 23: LCL filter; 23-1: Inductor; 23-2: Capacitor; 24: Ship main switchboard; 25: Control switch; 26: Medium voltage isolation transformer; 27: Ship medium voltage grid; 28: Off-grid/grid-connected inverter controller; 28-1 : Grid-connected inverter controller based on PQ control strategy; 28-2: Off-grid inverter controller based on V/f control strategy; 29: Ship low-voltage power grid.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明实施例一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器设计方案结构简图，主要包24脉冲移相变压整流模块1；DC-AC逆变模块2；LCL滤波模块3；控制开关模块5；中压隔离变压器模块6；离/并网逆变控制模块7；本发明实施例中，24脉冲移相变压整流模块实现将由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所输出的高频三相交流电电压的输入和输出电压相位移相而消除电流特定次的谐波，减少对船舶电网的谐波污染，并将高频三相交流电进行整流以输出稳定直流电流。As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional frequency conversion converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current, mainly including a 24-pulse phase-shifting voltage-changing rectifier module 1; DC-AC Inverter module 2; LCL filter module 3; control switch module 5; medium-voltage isolation transformer module 6; off-grid/grid-connected inverter control module 7; - The input and output voltages of the high-frequency three-phase AC voltage output by the permanent magnet synchronous generator set are phase-shifted to eliminate the harmonics of the specific order of the current, reduce the harmonic pollution to the ship power grid, and rectify the high-frequency three-phase AC To output a stable DC current.
本发明实施例中，DC-AC逆变模块及其控制模块将输入的稳定直流电流逆变成三相交流电(400Vac/50Hz或450Vac/60Hz)。经DC-AC逆变模块逆变并由LCL滤波模块滤波，使得由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所产生高频电流的频率、相位和电压幅值符合并满足与船舶电网并网的相关技术标准，由并网控制器通过三相电缆接入船舶主配电板。In the embodiment of the present invention, the DC-AC inverter module and its control module invert the input stable direct current into three-phase alternating current (400Vac/50Hz or 450Vac/60Hz). Inverted by the DC-AC inverter module and filtered by the LCL filter module, so that the frequency, phase and voltage amplitude of the high-frequency current generated by the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set meet and meet the relevant technologies for grid-connected ships. Standard, the grid-connected controller is connected to the main switchboard of the ship through a three-phase cable.
本发明实施例中，控制开关模块5通过不同的闭合断开模式，向不同电压等级船舶电网供电，并通过不同电压等级船舶电网中的离/并网节点控制，实现高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组输出高频/低压三相交流电在船舶电力系统中的使用，即作为独立电源离网向船舶低压电气设备供电；作为独立电源离网向中压电气设备供电；与低压船舶电网并网运行；与中压船舶电网并网运行。In the embodiment of the present invention, the control switch module 5 supplies power to ship power grids of different voltage levels through different on-off modes, and controls off-grid/grid-connected nodes in ship power grids of different voltage levels to realize high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous power generation The use of high-frequency/low-voltage three-phase alternating current output by the unit in the ship's power system, that is, as an independent power supply off-grid to supply power to low-voltage electrical equipment on the ship; as an independent power supply off-grid to supply power to medium-voltage electrical equipment; and grid-connected operation with the low-voltage ship power grid; Grid-connected operation with the medium-voltage ship grid.
适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器通过三相电缆与船舶主配电板连接，输出的三相电压为400Vac/50Hz或450Vac/60Hz。再通过中压隔离变压器将电压升压到船舶电力系统中压6600Vac/60Hz，供给船舶中压电网使用。另外，也可以通过开关控制模块及船舶中压电网和船舶低压电网中的离并网节点控制，实现对高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组输出电能的进行不同形式的应用。The marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current is connected to the main switchboard of the ship through a three-phase cable, and the output three-phase voltage is 400Vac/50Hz or 450Vac/60Hz. Then through the medium voltage isolation transformer, the voltage is boosted to the medium voltage of the ship's power system 6600Vac/60Hz, and supplied to the ship's medium voltage power grid. In addition, different forms of application of the output power of the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set can also be realized through the switch control module and the off-grid node control in the ship's medium-voltage power grid and the ship's low-voltage power grid.
24脉冲移相变压整流模块主要是用于将由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所产生的高频三相交流电(1000～1200Hz)先由四组原、副边绕组具有不同连接方式的三相变压器改变输入和输出电压的相位、然后经四组三相全桥不控整流电路整流，以输出稳定直流电流，为后续电流的逆变、并网及升压过程奠定基础。The 24-pulse phase-shifting and voltage-changing rectification module is mainly used to convert the high-frequency three-phase alternating current (1000-1200Hz) generated by the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set into three-phase three-phase alternating current (1000-1200Hz) with four sets of primary and secondary windings with different connection methods. The transformer changes the phase of the input and output voltages, and then is rectified by four sets of three-phase full-bridge uncontrolled rectification circuits to output a stable DC current, laying the foundation for the subsequent current inverter, grid connection and boosting process.
DC-AC逆变模块及其控制模块将24脉冲移相变压整流模块整流后的稳定直流电流逆变为三相交流电(400Vac/50Hz或450Vac/60Hz)，三相交流电经过LCL滤波模块滤波、并网控制器由三相电缆汇入到船舶主配电板，然后由中间隔离变压器模块升压(6600Vac/60Hz)汇入船舶中压电网，以供船舶中压电网使用。The DC-AC inverter module and its control module invert the stable DC current rectified by the 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer rectifier module into three-phase alternating current (400Vac/50Hz or 450Vac/60Hz), and the three-phase alternating current is filtered by the LCL filter module, The grid-connected controller is connected to the ship's main switchboard by a three-phase cable, and then the intermediate isolation transformer module boosts the voltage (6600Vac/60Hz) and connects to the ship's medium-voltage grid for use by the ship's medium-voltage grid.
并网控制器应用基于PQ控制策略或V/f控制策略对DC-AC逆变模块进行运行过程控制，并由锁相环确定电网电压、频率和相位，通过离/并网逆变控制器实现一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器与船舶电网的离并网运行模式。The grid-connected controller application controls the operation process of the DC-AC inverter module based on the PQ control strategy or the V/f control strategy, and determines the voltage, frequency and phase of the grid by the phase-locked loop, and realizes it through the off-grid/grid-connected inverter controller A marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current and an off-grid and grid-connected operation mode of the ship power grid.
智能化综合管理系统包括综合通讯管理单元、数据储存单元和综合能量管理单元。综合通讯管理单元对所接收的信号进行处理后分别发送给综合能量管理单元和数据储存单元；综合能量管理单元根据各单元的级别和区域对其进行运行状态管理。The intelligent comprehensive management system includes a comprehensive communication management unit, a data storage unit and a comprehensive energy management unit. The integrated communication management unit processes the received signals and sends them to the integrated energy management unit and the data storage unit respectively; the integrated energy management unit manages the operating status of each unit according to its level and area.
具体结合图2对一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器设计方案进行详细说明。Specifically referring to Fig. 2, a design scheme of a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current is described in detail.
本发明实施例中，24脉冲移相变压整流模块主要包括一个24脉冲移相变压器2，其由四组原、副边绕组具有不同连接方式的三相变压器组成。其中第一组变压器绕组的连接方式为D,y0型，原边为外延三角形连接，原边电压相位移相+7.5°，副边为星形连接，且副边输出电压与原边输入电压具有同相位；第二组变压器绕组的连接方式为D,d1型，原边为外延三角形连接，原边电压移相+7.5°，副边是三角形连接，且副边输出电压的相位比原边的输出电压相位超前30°；第三组变压器绕组的连接方式为D,y11型，原边为外延三角形连接，原边电压移相-7.5°，副边为星形连接，且副边输出电压的相位比原边输入电压的相位滞后30°；第四组变压器绕组的连接方式为D,d10型，原边为外延三角形连接，原边电压移相-7.5°，副边也是三角形连接，且副边输出电压的相位比原边输入电压的相位滞后60°。这样使得4台变压器的副边输出的电压相位互差15°，经全波整流后，在直流侧并联运行，组成24脉波整流系统。24脉冲移相变压器能够消除特定次电流谐波，以减少对船舶电网的谐波污染。AC-DC整流器，由四组三相全桥不控整流电路构成，将由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组所产生的高频三相交流电(1000～1200Hz)整流并输出稳定直流电流。In the embodiment of the present invention, the 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer rectifier module mainly includes a 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer 2, which is composed of four sets of three-phase transformers with different connection modes for the primary and secondary windings. Among them, the connection mode of the first group of transformer windings is D, y0 type, the primary side is an extensional triangle connection, the phase shift of the primary side voltage is +7.5°, the secondary side is a star connection, and the output voltage of the secondary side is equal to the input voltage of the primary side The same phase; the connection mode of the second group of transformer windings is D, d1 type, the primary side is an extensional delta connection, the primary voltage phase shifts +7.5°, the secondary side is a delta connection, and the phase of the output voltage of the secondary side is higher than that of the primary side The phase of the output voltage is 30° ahead; the connection mode of the third group of transformer windings is D,y11 type, the primary side is an extensional delta connection, the primary voltage phase shifts -7.5°, the secondary side is a star connection, and the output voltage of the secondary side is The phase lags behind the phase of the input voltage of the primary side by 30°; the connection mode of the fourth group of transformer windings is D, d10 type, the primary side is an extensional delta connection, the primary voltage phase shifts -7.5°, the secondary side is also a delta connection, and the secondary The phase of the side output voltage lags behind the phase of the primary side input voltage by 60°. In this way, the voltages output by the secondary sides of the four transformers have a phase difference of 15° from each other. After full-wave rectification, they run in parallel on the DC side to form a 24-pulse rectification system. The 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer can eliminate specific sub-current harmonics to reduce harmonic pollution to the ship's power grid. The AC-DC rectifier is composed of four sets of three-phase full-bridge uncontrolled rectification circuits, which rectifies the high-frequency three-phase alternating current (1000-1200Hz) generated by the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set and outputs a stable direct current.
本发明实施例中，由离/并网逆变控制器控制DC-AC逆变器，将24脉冲移相变压整流器输出的直流电逆变成三相交流电(400Vac/60Hz或450Vac/50Hz)，并由LCL滤波器滤波，通过三相电缆与船舶主配电板相连接，最后由中压隔离变压器进行升压(AC 6600V/60Hz)，供给船舶中压电网。In the embodiment of the present invention, the off-grid/grid-connected inverter controller controls the DC-AC inverter to invert the direct current output by the 24-pulse phase-shifting transformer rectifier into three-phase alternating current (400Vac/60Hz or 450Vac/50Hz), It is filtered by the LCL filter, connected to the ship's main switchboard through a three-phase cable, and finally boosted by a medium-voltage isolation transformer (AC 6600V/60Hz) to supply the ship's medium-voltage grid.
本发明实施例中，一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器中的DC-AC逆变器采用基于V/f控制或基于PQ控制的控制策略，实现与船舶主配电板并网。In the embodiment of the present invention, a DC-AC inverter in a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter suitable for kHz-level alternating current adopts a control strategy based on V/f control or PQ control to realize the The main switchboard is connected to the grid.
本发明实施例中，控制开关模块中的接触器KM1和KM3同时闭合，KM2断开时，通过船舶低压电网中的离网输出节点控制，实现高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组作为独立电源离网向船舶低压电气设备供电；通过船舶低压电网中的并网输出节点控制，实现高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组与船舶低压电网的并网运行。In the embodiment of the present invention, the contactors KM 1 and KM 3 in the control switch module are closed at the same time, and when KM 2 is disconnected, the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set is realized as an independent The power supply is off-grid to the ship's low-voltage electrical equipment; through the control of the grid-connected output node in the ship's low-voltage power grid, the grid-connected operation of the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set and the ship's low-voltage power grid is realized.
本发明实施例中，控制开关模块中的接触器KM1和KM2同时闭合，KM3断开时，由高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组输入的高频三相交流电经过一种适用于kHz级交流电的船用离并网混合型双向变频变流器处理，并经由中压隔离变压器升压以供给船舶中压电网使用。通过船舶中压电网中的离网输出节点控制，实现高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组作为独立电源离网向船舶中压电气设备供电；通过船舶中压电网中的并网输出节点控制，实现高速涡轮-永磁同步发电机组与船舶中压电网的并网运行。In the embodiment of the present invention, the contactors KM 1 and KM 2 in the control switch module are closed at the same time, and when KM 3 is disconnected, the high-frequency three-phase alternating current input by the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set passes through a type suitable for kHz level The AC power is processed by a marine off-grid hybrid bidirectional variable frequency converter, and is boosted by a medium-voltage isolation transformer to supply the medium-voltage power grid of the ship. Through the control of the off-grid output node in the ship's medium-voltage power grid, the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set can be used as an independent power supply to supply power to the ship's medium-voltage electrical equipment off-grid; through the control of the grid-connected output node in the ship's medium-voltage power grid, Realize the grid-connected operation of the high-speed turbine-permanent magnet synchronous generator set and the medium-voltage power grid of the ship.
应当理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
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