CN108414280B - Suspended load sediment layered sampler for river model test and sampling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a suspended load sediment stratified sampler for river model tests, which comprises a plurality of single-layer sampling structures, baffles and cross rods, wherein each single-layer sampling structure is a cuboid structure with a cylindrical sampling bin arranged in the middle, the single-layer sampling structures are longitudinally overlapped and combined to form a multi-layer sampling structure, circular sampling holes with the same diameter as the sampling bin opening are formed in a perforated plate, the number of the sampling holes of each baffle is one less than that of the sampling bins, and the upper ends of the front baffle and the rear baffle are connected through the cross rods; the invention also discloses an application method based on the stratified sampler, which can sample the action of multiple layers of suspended load at one time and greatly shorten the time for sampling the suspended load in a river model test.

Description

Suspended sediment stratified sampler and sampling method for river engineering model test

technical field

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy experiments, in particular to a suspended sediment stratified sampler and a sampling method for river engineering model tests.

Background technique

Suspended mass sampler is a commonly used sediment sampler in hydraulic engineering. Currently, there are two types of instantaneous type and product time type. Among them, the most commonly used instantaneous sampler is the horizontal sampler. The body of the sampler is a cylinder, the axis is parallel to the direction of the water flow, and the two ends are covered with springs. When sampling, the two covers are opened, and when the water flow is stable, the switch is operated to close the two covers at the same time, and the instantaneous water sample is obtained. This kind of sampler is easy to operate and has strong adaptability; the product time sampler has several types such as pressure regulating bin type, skin bag type and bottle type. Most of the above-mentioned sediment samplers are used for sampling suspended sediment content in hydrological stations with hydrological cable channels as test carriers.

There are various styles of suspended mass samplers, but the existing suspended mass samplers have two shortcomings: first, they can only collect suspended matter of a single water depth at a time, and cannot collect suspended matter of multiple water depths at the same time. This leads to the prolongation of sampling time; secondly, most of the commonly used suspended mass samplers are large and bulky, and are not suitable for experimental operations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a suspended sediment stratified sampler for river engineering model test, and a sampling method based on the stratified sampler, so as to solve the problem that multiple samples cannot be collected at the same time. The suspended mass in the water depth leads to the problem of prolonging the sampling time.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A suspended sediment stratified sampler for river engineering model test, comprising a plurality of single-layer sampling structures, baffles and cross bars; the single-layer sampling structure is a cuboid structure with a cylindrical sampling bin in the middle, and the Vertical grooves are arranged on the vertical edges of the front and rear surfaces; the single-layer sampling structure is longitudinally overlapped and combined to form a multi-layer sampling structure; Circular sampling holes with the same diameter as the mouth of the sampling bin are provided on the perforated plate, and the number of sampling holes of the baffle is one less than that of the sampling bin; the baffle is close to the front and rear surfaces of the multi-layer sampling structure, and placed in the vertical groove; the upper ends of the front and rear baffles are connected by cross bars.

Sampling the above technical scheme can sample the effect of multiple layers of suspended matter at one time, which greatly shortens the time of suspended matter sampling in the river engineering model test.

Further, the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer sampling structure are respectively provided with two lateral grooves and matching lateral sliders, and when the single-layer sampling structure is vertically overlapped and combined, the lateral sliders of the upper single-layer sampling structure are inserted into the lower layer. In the lateral groove of the single-layer sampling structure; to ensure the stability and integrity of the multi-layer sampling structure.

Further, the distance between adjacent sampling bins is equal to the diameter of the sampling bins, which facilitates the opening and closing of the baffles and the sampling bins, and makes sampling more labor-saving.

Further, the distance between adjacent sampling holes is equal to the diameter of the sampling holes, which facilitates the opening and closing of the baffle plate and the sampling bin, and makes sampling more labor-saving.

Further, the distance between the horizontal bar and the highest point of the uppermost sampling hole is equal to the distance between the lowest point of the uppermost sampling bin and the upper edge of the multi-layer sampling structure, so that when the baffle is closed, the sampling hole and the sampling bin are just spaced apart. .

Further, the distance from the lowest point of the sampling hole in the lowermost layer to the lower edge of the baffle is equal to the diameter of the sampling hole, which facilitates the opening and closing of the baffle and the sampling bin, and makes sampling more labor-saving.

Further, a limit block is arranged in the vertical groove, and the limit block and the lowest point of the lowermost sampling bin are on the same horizontal line, so that when the bottom end of the baffle is in contact with the limit block, the baffle will just The sampling bin is sealed.

Further, both ends of the cross bar are telescopic structures, which is convenient for lifting or pressing the cross bar during sampling operation, which is more labor-saving and more stable.

A sampling method based on the above-mentioned stratified sampler, comprising the following steps:

1) According to the test sampling requirements, select the layered sampler with N single-layer sampling structures and baffles with N-1 sampling holes;

2) Place the stratified sampler in the test river, lift the crossbar, open the front and rear baffles, and make the sampling hole coincide with the sampling bin mouth;

3) When the water flow is stable, press down the cross bar to close the front and rear baffles at the same time, and obtain the instantaneous water sample.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The suspended mass stratified sampler designed by the present invention has the function of sampling multiple layers of suspended mass at one time, which greatly shortens the time of suspended mass sampling in the river engineering model test.

2. The present invention can correspondingly change the number of sampling layers according to the actual situation, and the application is relatively flexible.

3. In the present invention, the sampling holes on the front and rear baffles and the cylindrical sampling bin are arranged at intervals, which can make sampling more labor-saving.

Description of drawings

1 is a front view of a multi-layer sampler of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the side view of the multi-layer sampler of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the plan view of the multi-layer sampler of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the baffle structure diagram of the multi-layer sampler of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the multi-layer sampling structure schematic diagram of the multi-layer sampler of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer sampling structure of a multi-layer sampler of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the single-layer sampling structure of the multi-layer sampler of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Single-layer sampling structure; 11. Sampling bin; 12. Vertical chute; 13. Lateral groove; 14. Lateral slider; 2. Crossbar; 3. Baffle plate; 31. Base plate; With orifice plate; 321, sampling hole; 33, without orifice plate.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-7, a suspended sediment stratified sampler for river engineering model test includes three single-layer sampling structures 1, baffles 3 and cross bars 2; The single-layer sampling structure 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a cylindrical sampling bin 11 in the middle, and vertical grooves 12 are arranged on the vertical edges of the front and rear surfaces; the single-layer sampling structure 1 is longitudinally overlapped and combined to form a multi-layer sampling structure; The baffle plate 3 is formed by splicing a base plate 31, two perforated plates 32 and two non-perforated plates 33 in sequence; the perforated plate 32 is provided with a circular sampling hole with the same diameter as the sampling bin 11. 321 ; the baffles 3 are closely attached to the front and rear surfaces of the multi-layer sampling structure, and are placed in the vertical grooves 12 ;

Sampling the above technical scheme can sample the effect of multiple layers of suspended matter at one time, which greatly shortens the time of suspended matter sampling in the river engineering model test.

Preferably, the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer sampling structure 1 are respectively provided with two lateral grooves 13 and matching lateral sliders 14. When the single-layer sampling structure 1 is vertically overlapped and combined, the lateral direction of the upper single-layer sampling structure 1 is The slider 14 is inserted into the transverse groove 13 of the lower single-layer sampling structure 1; the stability and integrity of the multi-layer sampling structure are ensured.

Preferably, the distance between adjacent sampling bins 11 is equal to the diameter of the sampling bins 11 , which facilitates the opening and closing of the baffle 3 and the sampling bins 11 , and makes sampling more labor-saving.

Preferably, the distance between adjacent sampling holes 321 is equal to the diameter of the sampling holes 321 , which facilitates the opening and closing of the baffle 3 and the sampling bin 11 , and makes sampling more labor-saving.

Preferably, the distance between the cross bar 2 and the highest point of the uppermost sampling hole 321 is equal to the distance between the lowest point of the uppermost sampling bin 11 and the upper edge of the multi-layer sampling structure, so that when the baffle 3 is closed, the sampling hole 321 and the sampling hole 321 The bins 11 are just spaced apart.

Preferably, the distance between the lowest point of the bottom sampling hole 321 and the lower edge of the baffle 3 is equal to the diameter of the sampling hole 321, which facilitates the opening and closing of the baffle 3 and the sampling bin 11, and makes sampling more labor-saving.

Preferably, a limit block is set in the vertical groove 12, and the limit block and the lowest point of the lowermost sampling bin 11 are on the same horizontal line. When the bottom end of the baffle 3 is in contact with the limit block, the baffle 3 Just seal the 11 mouths of the sampling chamber.

Preferably, the two ends of the cross bar 2 are telescopic structures, which is convenient for lifting or pressing the cross bar 2 during the sampling operation, which is more labor-saving and more stable.

Example 2:

In this example, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, a sampling method based on the above-mentioned stratified sampler includes the following steps:

1) according to the test sampling needs, select the described stratified sampler with baffles 3 of 3 single-layer sampling structures 1 and 2 sampling holes;

2) Place the layered sampler in the test river, lift the cross bar 2, open the front and rear baffles 3, and make the sampling hole 321 coincide with the sampling bin 11;

3) When the water flow is stable, press down the cross bar 2 to close the front and rear baffles 3 at the same time, and obtain an instantaneous water sample.

The present invention will be further described below with reference to a specific example.

The shape and structure of the sampler used for sampling in this embodiment are shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 , which is a three-layer suspended mass sampler. During the test, the natural sand of the bed was laid according to the scouring terrain, and water was slowly injected into the reservoir. When the water level of the reservoir was close to the normal water level, the water supply valve was gradually opened, and the bypass hole and the gate of the power station were opened to adjust the flow and the reservoir water level. After the reservoir water level and flow became stable, the Gaza was opened. The aircraft went to Kuwei Gaza, and water samples were collected after about 4 hours in Gaza. The water sample collector used a three-layer suspended mass sampler. The water samples were collected from the Kuwei Gaza section, the bypass hole drainage and the power station drainage, and the water sample was collected 10 liters , After standing for two days, dry and weigh to calculate the sand content.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and the descriptions in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description are only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have Various changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A suspended load sediment stratified sampler for river model test is characterized by comprising a plurality of single-layer sampling structures (1), baffles (3) and cross rods (2);

the single-layer sampling structure (1) is a cuboid structure with a cylindrical sampling bin (11) arranged in the middle, and vertical grooves (12) are formed in the vertical edges of the front end face and the rear end face of the single-layer sampling structure;

the single-layer sampling structures (1) are longitudinally overlapped and combined and are mutually connected into a multi-layer sampling structure;

the baffle (3) is formed by sequentially splicing a substrate (31), a plurality of perforated plates (32) and non-perforated plates (33) at intervals; the perforated plate (32) is provided with circular sampling holes (321) with the same diameter as the opening of the sampling bin (11), and the number of the sampling holes (321) of the baffle is one less than that of the sampling bin (11);

the baffle (3) is tightly attached to the front end surface and the rear end surface of the multilayer sampling structure and is arranged in the vertical groove (12);

the upper ends of the front and rear baffles (3) are connected through a cross rod (2);

the spacing distance between adjacent sampling bins (11) is equal to the diameter of the sampling bins (11); the spacing distance between adjacent sampling holes (321) is equal to the diameter of the sampling hole (321);

the distance between the cross rod (2) and the highest point of the sampling hole (321) on the uppermost layer is equal to the distance between the lowest point of the sampling bin (11) on the uppermost layer and the upper edge of the multilayer sampling structure; the distance from the lowest point of the sampling hole (321) at the lowest layer to the lower edge of the baffle plate (3) is equal to the diameter of the sampling hole (321).

2. The suspended load sediment stratified sampling device for the river model test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer sampling structure (1) are respectively and correspondingly provided with two transverse grooves (13) and matched transverse sliding blocks (14), and when the single-layer sampling structure (1) is longitudinally overlapped and combined, the transverse sliding blocks (14) of the upper single-layer sampling structure (1) are inserted into the transverse grooves (13) of the lower single-layer sampling structure (1).

3. The suspended load sediment stratified sampling device for the river model test as claimed in claim 2, wherein a limiting block is arranged in the vertical groove (12), and the limiting block and the lowest point of the lowest sampling bin (11) are on the same horizontal line.

4. The suspended load sediment stratified sampling device for river model test as claimed in claim 3, wherein the two ends of the cross bar (2) are of telescopic structure.

5. The sampling method of the stratified sampler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

1) selecting the layered sampler with N single-layer sampling structures (1) and N-1 baffle plates (3) of sampling holes according to the requirement of test sampling;

2) placing the layered sampler in a test river, lifting the cross rod (2), and opening the front baffle plate and the rear baffle plate (3) to enable the sampling holes (321) to coincide with the opening of the sampling bin (11);

3) when the water flow is stable, the cross rod (2) is pressed down, so that the front baffle plate and the rear baffle plate (3) are closed simultaneously, and an instant water sample is obtained.

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