CN108365672A - Charger is full of protection circuit - Google Patents
Charger is full of protection circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108365672A CN108365672A CN201810252122.8A CN201810252122A CN108365672A CN 108365672 A CN108365672 A CN 108365672A CN 201810252122 A CN201810252122 A CN 201810252122A CN 108365672 A CN108365672 A CN 108365672A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H02J7/027—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
-
- H02J7/045—
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of chargers full of protection circuit, including a rectification module, high frequency voltage changing module, secondary rectification module, further includes sampling module, MCU circuit modules, voltage comparator circuit, pulse modulation module, pulsed drive module and switching circuit；Pulse modulated circuit internal reference triangular wave generates driving square wave compared with feedback voltage and is closed and turns off by the high frequency of pulse driving circuit driving switch circuit, the DC voltage that primary capacitance stores is converted into high frequency voltage, relatively low high frequency voltage is generated in secondary side by magnetic core of transformer mutual inductance.Diode D1 is set in charged side, the voltage of the both sides D1 is controlled by controlling duty ratio, to realize charge protection.The present invention controls shutdown only with diode, cheap, significantly reduces cost, keeps charger more competitive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to charger technologies fields, and in particular to a kind of charger full of protection circuit.
Background technology
Instantly, battery technology develops relative maturity, is widely used to electric tool, electric bicycle is electronic to rub
Motorcycle, electric vehicle, toy, communication tool, household electrical appliances, military equipment, the fields such as aerospace are lived closely bound up with people.
Charger as with the close-fitting product of battery, application is also very extensive.Meanwhile most of chargers are an AC-DC energy
The product for measuring conversion, is converted to the direct current needed for battery, network voltage is high pressure, has fatal danger to human body by power grid energy
Evil.Battery overcharges if it over-heats, short circuit, and the abnormal conditions such as single-unit battery core overvoltage have and explode, the accidents such as fire
Possibility.So charger is in addition to necessary functional design, it is necessary to have reliable safe design.The output of charger
Power is directly proportional to the cost that safe design is related to, and generally use switching device in safe design carrys out cut-off current major loop, reaches
To the purpose of protection, switching device such as MOS, relay is silicon-controlled to belong to power material, and price is more expensive, but also
Driving circuit is needed, cost is further increased, causes charger cost relatively high, reduces the market competitiveness.
Invention content
It is full of protected mode the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of low cost, after battery is full of, no
In the case of using switching device, charger is allowed to stop charging to battery immediately, while battery being prevented to discharge charger.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of charger full of protection circuit,
Including a rectification module, high frequency voltage changing module and secondary rectification module, alternating current is formed after a rectification module rectification
DC voltage,：Further include sampling module, MCU circuit modules, voltage comparator circuit, pulse modulation module, pulsed drive module with
And switching circuit；Sampling module is used to acquire the both end voltage of battery, and voltage signal is sent in MCU circuit modules；
The output voltage U of secondary rectification module charges to battery, and a diode, two poles are arranged between secondary rectification module and battery
The cathode of pipe is connect with anode, the anode connection output voltage U of diode；Voltage comparator circuit compares including a voltage
The output end of device, voltage comparator connects pulse modulation module；Pulse modulation module generates driving square wave and passes through pulsed drive mould
The high frequency of block driving switch circuit is closed and shutdown, and the DC voltage that a rectification module generates is converted into high frequency voltage U1,
High frequency voltage U2 is generated by high frequency transformer, high frequency voltage U2 is converted to DC voltage by secondary rectification module；Voltage compares
The cathode of device accesses voltage U4, and voltage U4 sizes are proportional corresponding with output voltage U, when battery charges normal, MCU circuit moulds
The output end that block connects voltage comparator circuit disconnects, the anode connection voltage U3 of voltage comparator, and U3 is remained unchanged, and works as battery
After being full of, MCU circuit modules output control signal drags down U3；When the anode that voltage compares is more than cathode, voltage comparator
Export high level so that the duty ratio in pulsed drive module increases, and output voltage U increases；It is just minimum when voltage comparator
When cathode, voltage comparator exports low level so that the duty in pulsed drive module is smaller, and output voltage U reduces.
Further, further include current comparison circuit, sampling module also acquires the charging current of battery and by current signal
MCU circuit modules are sent to, current comparison circuit includes a current comparator, and the output end of current comparator connects pulse
Modulation module, cathode connects the sampled voltage of battery charge, and when battery charges normal, MCU circuit modules connect electric current
The output end of comparison circuit disconnects, the anode access voltage U5 of current comparator, and U5 is remained unchanged；When MCU circuit modules are examined
Measure charging current it is excessive when, MCU circuit modules drag down voltage U5；When the anode of current comparator is less than cathode, electric current
Comparator exports low level so that the duty in pulsed drive module is smaller, and charging current reduces.
Further, further include reference circuit module, reference circuit module is used to generate current comparator and voltage compares
Reference voltage needed for device, the voltage comparator circuit further include a BJT pipes Q1, and the anode of the voltage comparator passes through electricity
Reference voltage is accessed after resistance R1, by being grounded after resistance R2, the current collection of the node connection BJT pipes Q1 between resistance R1 and resistance R2
Pole, the output end of the base stage connection MCU circuit modules of BJT pipes Q1, the emitter ground connection of BJT pipes Q1；The voltage compares negative
Pole is by resistance R4 connection output voltage U, by being grounded after resistance R2.
Further, the current comparison circuit further includes a BJT pipes Q2, and the anode of the current comparator passes through electricity
Reference voltage is accessed after resistance R6, by being grounded after resistance R7, the collection of the node connection BJT pipes Q2 between resistance R6 and resistance R7
Electrode, the output end of the base stage connection MCU circuit modules of BJT pipes Q2, the emitter ground connection of BJT pipes Q1；What the electric current compared
Cathode is by resistance R4 connection output voltage U, by being grounded after resistance R2.
Further, the sampling module also acquires the temperature parameter of battery and is sent to MCU circuit modules, when
When MCU circuit modules detect that charging temperature is more than preset temperature, MCU control module will export low level signal to BJT pipe Q1,
High level signal is exported to BJT pipes Q2 simultaneously.
Can be seen that from above-mentioned technology the invention has the characteristics that：The present invention controls shutdown only with diode,
It is cheap, cost is significantly reduced, keeps charger more competitive, on overcurrent protection and overvoltage protection, is led to
It crosses and generates extremely low duty ratio, charging current is down to a microampere rank, to stop the charging to battery pack, reach the mesh of protection
's.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention figure.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates to the specific implementation mode of the present invention below in conjunction with attached drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of charger of the present invention is full of protection circuit, including low-pass filtering module, a rectification
Module, high frequency voltage changing module, secondary rectification module, electric main enters charger by L lines and N lines, by by common mode inductance, difference
The filter circuit of the compositions such as mould inductance, X capacitances, obtains relatively pure alternating voltage, and filters absorption of the generation of high frequency transformation
Interference of the pulsating current to power grid, the primary side rectification for then passing through a rectification module jackshaft heap is DC high voltage storage
In primary bulky capacitor.
Further include sampling module, MCU circuit modules, voltage comparator circuit, pulse modulation module, pulsed drive module and
Switching circuit.Pulse modulation module internal reference triangular wave generates driving square wave compared with feedback voltage and passes through pulsed drive mould
The high frequency of block driving switch circuit is closed and shutdown, and the DC voltage that primary capacitance stores is converted into high frequency voltage, passes through change
The mutual inductance of depressor magnetic core generates relatively low high frequency voltage in secondary side.It is direct current by the secondary rectification of Schottky diode
Pressure, the smoothed filter circuit that output filter capacitor is formed with filter inductance are filtered the DC voltage after secondary side rectification,
Pure DC voltage is exported to charge to battery pack.
Sampling module is used to acquire the both end voltage of battery, and voltage signal is sent in MCU circuit modules；It is secondary
The output voltage U of rectification module charges to battery, and a diode is arranged between secondary rectification module and battery, diode
Cathode is connect with anode, the anode connection output voltage U of diode；Voltage comparator circuit includes a voltage comparator,
The output end of voltage comparator connects pulse modulation module；Pulse modulation module generates driving square wave and is driven by pulsed drive module
The high frequency of dynamic switching circuit is closed and shutdown, and the DC voltage that a rectification module generates is converted into high frequency voltage U1, is passed through
High frequency transformer generates high frequency voltage U2, and high frequency voltage U2 is converted to DC voltage by secondary rectification module；Voltage comparator
Cathode accesses voltage U4, and voltage U4 sizes are proportional corresponding with output voltage U, and when battery charges normal, MCU circuit modules connect
The output end for connecing voltage comparator circuit disconnects, the anode connection voltage U3 of voltage comparator, and U3 is remained unchanged, when battery is full of
Afterwards, MCU circuit modules output control signal, U3 is dragged down；When the anode that voltage compares is more than cathode, voltage comparator is defeated
Go out high level so that the duty ratio in pulsed drive module increases, and output voltage U increases；When the anode of voltage comparator is less than
When cathode, voltage comparator exports low level so that the duty in pulsed drive module is smaller, and output voltage U reduces.
The invention also includes reference circuit module, reference circuit module is for generating current comparator and voltage comparator institute
The reference voltage needed, the voltage comparator circuit further include a BJT pipes Q1, and the anode of the voltage comparator passes through resistance R1
After access reference voltage, by being grounded after resistance R2, the collector of node between resistance R1 and resistance R2 connection BJT pipes Q1,
The output end of the base stage connection MCU circuit modules of BJT pipes Q1, the emitter ground connection of BJT pipes Q1；The cathode that the voltage compares
By resistance R4 connection output voltage U, by being grounded after resistance R2.
Output voltage is controlled by voltage comparator U1, wherein the electricity that circuit is obtained by bleeder circuit on the basis of 3 foot voltages
It is the sampled voltage that output voltage is obtained by bleeder circuit to press benchmark, 2 foot voltages, and 1 foot is the output end of voltage comparator.
When 3 foot voltages are higher than 2 foot voltage, comparator exports high level, by impulse modulation so that duty ratio increases, output voltage liter
Height, 2 foot voltages increase therewith, and until 2 foot voltages are equal with 3 foot voltages, comparator stops output high level, and it is flat to reach dynamic
Weighing apparatus；When 3 foot voltages are less than 2 foot voltage, comparator exports low level, by impulse modulation so that duty ratio reduces, output electricity
Pressure drop is low, and 2 foot voltages reduce therewith, and until 2 foot voltages are equal with 3 foot voltages, comparator stops output low level, reaches dynamic
Balance.
The invention also includes current comparison circuit, sampling module also acquires the charging current of battery and transmits current signal
To MCU circuit modules, current comparison circuit includes a current comparator, and the output end of current comparator connects impulse modulation
Module, cathode connects the sampled voltage of battery charge, and when battery charges normal, MCU circuit modules connection electric current compares
The output end of circuit disconnects, the anode access voltage U5 of current comparator, and U5 is remained unchanged；When MCU circuit modules detect
When charging current is excessive, MCU circuit modules drag down voltage U5；When the anode of current comparator is less than cathode, electric current compares
Device exports low level so that the duty in pulsed drive module is smaller, and charging current reduces.The current comparison circuit also wraps
A BJT pipes Q2 is included, the anode of the current comparator after resistance R6 by accessing reference voltage, by being grounded after resistance R7,
The collector of node connection BJT pipes Q2 between resistance R6 and resistance R7, the base stage of BJT pipes Q2 connect the defeated of MCU circuit modules
Outlet, the emitter ground connection of BJT pipes Q1；The cathode that the electric current compares passes through resistance by resistance R4 connection output voltage U
It is grounded after R2.
Output current is controlled by current comparator U2, wherein the electricity that circuit is obtained by bleeder circuit on the basis of 3 foot voltages
Benchmark is flowed, 2 foot voltages are the sampled voltage to output current of charger, and 1 foot is the output end of current comparator.When 3 foot voltages
When higher than 2 foot voltage, comparator exports high level, and by impulse modulation so that duty ratio increases, output current increases, 2 feet electricity
Pressure increases therewith, and until 2 foot voltages are equal with 3 foot voltages, comparator stops output high level, reaches dynamic equilibrium；When 3 feet electricity
It forces down when 2 foot voltage, comparator exports low level, and by impulse modulation so that duty ratio reduces, output current reduces, 2 feet
Voltage reduces therewith, and until 2 foot voltages are equal with 3 foot voltages, comparator stops output low level, reaches dynamic equilibrium.
When charger charges normal, MCU circuit Is O1 exports low level, and the Q1 shutdowns of BJT pipes, 3 foot voltages are lower inclined resistance R2
Bleeder circuit voltage.IO2 exports low level, and the Q2 shutdowns of BJT pipes, 3 foot voltages are the bleeder circuit voltage of lower inclined resistance R7.
After battery is full of, MCU circuits collect voltage by voltage sample circuit, and IO1 exports high level, IO2 outputs
Low level, BJT pipes Q1 are opened, and 3 foot voltage of voltage comparator is the lower inclined resistance R2 bleeder circuit voltages in parallel with resistance R3, by
Constant in total voltage and upper inclined resistance R1,3 foot voltages reduce, and 2 foot voltages are constant, and comparator exports low level, passes through pulse tune
System is so that duty ratio reduces, and output voltage reduces, and 2 foot voltages reduce therewith, until 2 foot voltages are equal with 3 foot voltages, comparator
Stop output low level.At this point, output voltage is less than cell voltage, charger does not charge to battery pack.Simultaneously because diode
The reversed cut-off characteristics of D1, battery pack are not discharged to charger, achieve the purpose that voltage protection.
When charging current is excessive, MCU circuits collect voltage by current sampling circuit, and IO1 exports low level, IO2
High level is exported, BJT pipes Q2 is opened, and 3 foot of current comparator is the lower inclined resistance R7 bleeder circuit voltage in parallel with resistance R8, by
Constant in total voltage and upper inclined resistance R6,3 foot voltages reduce, and 2 foot voltages are constant, and comparator exports low level, passes through pulse tune
System is so that duty ratio strongly reduces, and output current is reduced to microampere order, 2 foot voltages to strongly reduce therewith, until 2 foot voltages and 3
Foot voltage is equal, and comparator stops output low level.Output current is down to microampere order at this time, and the faint electricity filled is by battery pack
Interior damage etc. consumes, and battery pack voltage will not rise again, achieve the purpose that overcurrent protection.
The sampling module also acquires the temperature parameter of battery and is sent to MCU circuit modules, when MCU circuit modules
When detecting that charging temperature is more than preset temperature, MCU control module will export low level signal to BJT pipe Q1, while export height
Level signal is to BJT pipes Q2.When charger when the temperature is excessively high, MCU circuits collect voltage by temperature sampling circuit, and IO1 is defeated
Going out low level, IO2 exports high level, and Q2 is opened, and 3 foot of current comparator is the lower inclined R7 bleeder circuit voltage in parallel with R8, by
Constant in total voltage and upper inclined resistance R6,3 foot voltages reduce, and 2 foot voltages are constant, and comparator exports low level, passes through pulse tune
System is so that duty ratio strongly reduces, and output current is reduced to microampere order, 2 foot voltages to strongly reduce therewith, until 2 foot voltages and 3
Foot voltage is equal, and comparator stops output low level.Output current is down to microampere order at this time, and the faint electricity filled is by battery pack
Interior damage etc. consumes, and battery pack voltage will not rise again, achieve the purpose that over-temperature protection.
Traditional charger generally use switching device in safe design, carrys out cut-off current major loop, reaches protection
Purpose, switching device such as MOS, relay is silicon-controlled to belong to power material, and price is more expensive, and also needs to drive
Circuit further increases cost, causes charger cost relatively high.And this economical protection circuit that is full of is only with two poles
Pipe turns off to control, cheap, significantly reduces cost, keeps charger more competitive
Traditional charger reaches the isolation of output voltage and battery pack by the shutdown of switching device, belong to voltage every
From.And this is economical full of circuit is protected on overcurrent protection and overvoltage protection, it, will by generating extremely low duty ratio
Charging current is down to a microampere rank, to stop the charging to battery pack, achievees the purpose that protection.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of charger is full of protection circuit, including a rectification module, high frequency voltage changing module and secondary rectification module,
Alternating current forms DC voltage after a rectification module rectification, it is characterised in that：Further include sampling module, MCU circuit modules,
Voltage comparator circuit, pulse modulation module, pulsed drive module and switching circuit；Sampling module is used to acquire the both ends of battery
Voltage, and voltage signal is sent in MCU circuit modules；The output voltage U of secondary rectification module charges to battery, two
One diode is set between secondary rectification module and battery, and the cathode of diode is connect with anode, and the anode of diode is even
Meet output voltage U；Voltage comparator circuit includes a voltage comparator, and the output end of voltage comparator connects impulse modulation mould
Block；Pulse modulation module generates driving square wave and is closed and turns off by the high frequency of pulsed drive module driving switch circuit, by one
The DC voltage that secondary rectification module generates is converted into high frequency voltage U1, secondary whole by high frequency transformer generation high frequency voltage U2
High frequency voltage U2 is converted to DC voltage by flow module；The cathode of voltage comparator accesses voltage U4, voltage U4 sizes and output
The proportional correspondences of voltage U, when battery charges normal, the output end that MCU circuit modules connect voltage comparator circuit disconnects, voltage
The anode connection voltage U3 of comparator, and U3 is remained unchanged, after battery is full of, MCU circuit modules output control signal, by U3
It drags down；When the anode that voltage compares is more than cathode, voltage comparator exports high level so that the duty in pulsed drive module
Than increasing, output voltage U increases；When the anode of voltage comparator is less than cathode, voltage comparator exports low level so that arteries and veins
The duty rushed in drive module is smaller, and output voltage U reduces.
2. charger according to claim 1 is full of protection circuit, it is characterised in that：Further include current comparison circuit,
Sampling module also acquires the charging current of battery and current signal is sent to MCU circuit modules, and current comparison circuit includes one
The output end of a current comparator, current comparator connects pulse modulation module, and cathode connects the sampling electricity of battery charge
Pressure, when battery charges normal, the output end that MCU circuit modules connect current comparison circuit disconnects, the anode of current comparator
Voltage U5 is accessed, and U5 is remained unchanged；When MCU circuit modules detect that charging current is excessive, MCU circuit modules are by voltage U5
It drags down；When the anode of current comparator is less than cathode, current comparator exports low level so that accounting in pulsed drive module
Empty smaller, charging current reduces.
3. charger according to claim 2 is full of protection circuit, it is characterised in that：Further include reference circuit module,
Reference circuit module is used to generate the reference voltage needed for current comparator and voltage comparator, and the voltage comparator circuit also wraps
A BJT pipes Q1 is included, the anode of the voltage comparator after resistance R1 by accessing reference voltage, by being grounded after resistance R2,
The collector of node connection BJT pipes Q1 between resistance R1 and resistance R2, the base stage of BJT pipes Q1 connect the defeated of MCU circuit modules
Outlet, the emitter ground connection of BJT pipes Q1；The cathode that the voltage compares passes through resistance R2 by resistance R4 connection output voltage U
After be grounded.
4. charger according to claim 3 is full of protection circuit, it is characterised in that：The current comparison circuit also wraps
A BJT pipes Q2 is included, the anode of the current comparator after resistance R6 by accessing reference voltage, by being grounded after resistance R7,
The collector of node connection BJT pipes Q2 between resistance R6 and resistance R7, the base stage of BJT pipes Q2 connect the defeated of MCU circuit modules
Outlet, the emitter ground connection of BJT pipes Q1；The cathode that the electric current compares passes through resistance R2 by resistance R4 connection output voltage U
After be grounded.
5. charger according to claim 4 is full of protection circuit, it is characterised in that：The sampling module also acquires electricity
The temperature parameter in pond is simultaneously sent to MCU circuit modules, when MCU circuit modules detect that charging temperature is more than preset temperature
When, MCU control module will export low level signal to BJT pipe Q1, while export high level signal to BJT pipes Q2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810252122.8A CN108365672A (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2018-03-26 | Charger is full of protection circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810252122.8A CN108365672A (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2018-03-26 | Charger is full of protection circuit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108365672A true CN108365672A (en) | 2018-08-03 |
Family
ID=63000984
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810252122.8A Pending CN108365672A (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2018-03-26 | Charger is full of protection circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108365672A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113263957A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-17 | 重庆大学 | Energy optimization device and method for power battery system |
| CN114497780A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Formation method of lithium ion battery cell |
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| CN114497780A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | Formation method of lithium ion battery cell |
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Address after: No.555, Xida Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Applicant after: WUXI QUANYU ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 214000 Hou Qiao Jie Dao Xin Lian Cun, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Applicant before: WUXI QUANYU ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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