CN108331202A - A kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite wall structure of an exterior wall with a gypsum lightweight mortar layer, which includes profiled steel, steel mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer, polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer and anti-corrosion mesh cloth; the profiled steel is arranged according to design requirements And fixed with the beam-column structure; the steel mesh is installed in the middle, one side or both sides of the steel mesh; the wall sprayed mortar layer is sprayed on the steel mesh layer by layer, and the gap between the steel mesh and the steel mesh is filled, wrapped, Covering and leveling, the thickness of the wall sprayed mortar layer is higher than that of the profile steel, forming a unified wall sprayed mortar layer material surface layer; the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is scraped on the outer wall sprayed mortar layer and implanted Anti-corrosion mesh, forming a waterproof protective layer and an anti-cracking layer. The composite wall structure of a gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall in the present invention can be assembled and constructed on site, or can be prefabricated in a factory and delivered to the site for installation; in order to achieve better anti-cracking and anti-water seepage effects, The outer waterproof and anti-cracking layer can be constructed on site after the panels are installed.

Description

A kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall composite wall and its application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of enclosure structures of house construction technology, in particular to a composite wall body of a gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall. The structure can be constructed by dry methods on site, and can also be installed on site with prefabricated boards in a factory.

Background technique

1. Traditional external wall enclosure structure system

The traditional external wall enclosure structure includes steel structure, concrete structure, and wood structure. The self-supporting walls are all composed of masonry. Masonry (brick-concrete structure) is a wall or column made of blocks and mortar layers, including brick masonry, block masonry, stone masonry and wall panel masonry. In general engineering construction, masonry The body accounts for about 1/2 of the weight of the entire building, and the amount of labor and the cost each account for about 1/3. It is an important material for construction projects.

The disadvantages of masonry construction are:

1. The strength of the masonry is low, the cross-sectional size of the components is large, the amount of materials is large, and the weight is heavy.

2. The masonry is built by hand, and the construction labor is heavy.

3. The tensile strength, flexural strength and shear strength of the masonry are very low, so the earthquake resistance is poor, and the damage is heavy when it is subjected to an earthquake.

2. Modern prefabricated self-supporting exterior wall panel system

It is assembled from prefabricated large wall panels (boards), also known as large slab buildings. It is the main type of fully prefabricated buildings in industrialized system buildings. Plate construction can reduce structural weight, improve labor productivity, expand the usable area and earthquake resistance of the building. The key problem of large-slab buildings is the design of joints, which should ensure the integrity of the connection of components in the structure (the connection methods between the plates mainly include welding, bolt connection and integral connection of post-cast concrete). The main disadvantages of slab construction are:

1. There are greater constraints on the shape and layout of buildings;

2. The dimensional accuracy is extremely high and the adaptability is poor; it is easy to produce production problems such as missing edges and corners, uneven edges and corners, uneven warping, and flying out of convex ribs;

3. During the transportation and hoisting process, the surface of the board often cracks or even breaks;

4. It is easy to cause blockage, falling off, position deviation of pre-buried pipelines, obstacles when threading on the construction site, etc.;

5. The cost of materials for production and installation is high;

6. Transportation is difficult and transportation costs are high.

3. Low utilization rate of industrial by-product gypsum, especially phosphogypsum

The annual production of industrial by-product gypsum in my country is about 184 million tons, of which 70 million tons of phosphogypsum are newly added every year; the cumulative stockpiling of phosphogypsum exceeds 300 million, and the utilization rate is less than 20%, most of which are discarded as waste.

The storage of phosphogypsum waste slag occupies a large amount of land; the acid and other harmful substances contained in it are likely to pollute the surrounding environment, which is contrary to the basic national policy of environmental protection in our country! If the application and disposal are not increased, the development of the phosphate fertilizer industry will be greatly affected.

At present, industrial by-products such as phosphogypsum gypsum are mainly used in cement retarders, paper-faced gypsum boards and gypsum hollow blocks, and the consumption tends to be saturated, so other application directions must be expanded.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall composite wall to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A composite wall of a gypsum lightweight mortar layer external wall, including profiled steel, steel mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer, polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer and anti-corrosion mesh cloth; including profiled steel, steel mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer , polymer waterproof anti-cracking mortar layer and anti-corrosion mesh cloth; the profiled steel is arranged according to the design requirements and fixed with the beam and column structure; the steel mesh is installed in the middle, one side or both sides of the profiled steel; the wall is sprayed with mortar Spray layer by layer on the steel mesh, fill, wrap, cover and level the gaps between the steel mesh and the steel mesh, and the thickness of the wall sprayed mortar layer is higher than that of the steel mesh, forming a unified wall sprayed mortar layer material surface layer; the polymerization The waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer of the material is scraped on the sprayed mortar layer of the outer wall and implanted with an anti-corrosion net to form a waterproof protective layer and an anti-cracking layer.

The steel mesh can also be replaced by a reinforced mesh, which is buried in the sprayed mortar layer of the wall on the side where the steel mesh is not installed as required; the reinforced mesh includes: glass fiber mesh cloth (common, medium-alkali or alkali-resistant), yarn Mesh, fine wire mesh, etc.

This scheme uses section steel + steel wire mesh as the skeleton, through the connection of section steel and steel structure, concrete structure, and wooden structure, it is integrated with structural beams and columns; It is a flexible material characterized by sound insulation and heat insulation. It adopts continuous spraying method to ensure no gaps on the wall surface. It has the perfect effect of flexible shape, seamless docking, high shear strength, good seismic performance, no hollowing, no cracking, and water seepage resistance. At the same time, the materials used are all prefabricated in the factory and delivered to the site for installation. The wall sprayed mortar layer is constructed with special equipment. The site only needs to be connected to water and electricity to complete the process from powder to slurry to sprayed on the wall. A series of actions, the site is clean and neat, no waste and no garbage (only packaging bags can be recycled), which conforms to the prefabricated dry operation construction method.

This scheme is easy to operate, quick to construct, and low in price, and can solve the problems of light weight, fire prevention, crack resistance, sound insulation, energy saving, and construction of the self-supporting wall at one time. After testing, the fire resistance limit of this wall structure exceeds three hours, the sound insulation is greater than 45dB, and the heat transfer coefficient is less than or equal to 1.5W/(m ² .k).

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, its construction sequence is characterized in that: install profiled steel and fix it with beams and columns → install steel mesh on the inside and outside of profiled steel (the inner side is hot-dip galvanized steel mesh, and the outer side is ribbed expansion net) → from the inside Spray the mortar layer on the outer reinforced steel mesh wall → punch the walls on the inner and outer sides → spray the inner and outer walls to spray the mortar layer and scrape it off → scrape the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer on the outer side and implant it Anti-corrosion net.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the section steel is anti-corrosion treated 30*30*1.2mm U-section steel, installed with a vertical spacing of 600mm and a horizontal spacing of 1000mm, and is fixed to beams and columns.

As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the outer ribbed expanded mesh has a specification of 4.5*15*0.6mm and needs anticorrosion treatment; the inner hot-dip galvanized steel mesh has a mesh aperture of 10*10*0.6mm.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sprayed mortar layer for the wall is used for the whole of the wall, and should be sprayed in layers, and its technical index is:

project name dry density Compressive strength Thermal Conductivity Combustion performance level unit kg/m3 MPa [w/(m.K)] technical indicators ≤900 ≥3.0 ≤0.30 A

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the reinforcing net is coated with medium-alkali glass fiber mesh cloth, and its technical index is:

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the technical indicators of the polymer waterproof and anti-crack mortar layer are:

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the anti-corrosion net is an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and its technical index is:

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the wall sprayed mortar layer should be sprayed in layers, and the thickness of each spray is not greater than 50mm; the wall sprayed mortar layer should be completely dry before the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer construction.

Beneficial effect

Compared with traditional masonry walls and modern prefabricated large slabs, this new type of external wall sprayed structure has good overall performance of the system, good earthquake resistance, light and dense walls, sound insulation, heat insulation, fire prevention, and comfort. , The construction is simple and fast, and the construction environment is clean and tidy. At the same time, a large amount of industrial by-product gypsum such as phosphogypsum is consumed, turning waste into treasure, and solving two "pain points" in the market in one fell swoop.

1. Factory prefabrication, on-site mechanized construction, no garbage, fast construction speed, high quality and low price. The materials involved in the wall structure of the present invention include section steel, steel wire mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer, reinforced mesh, polymer waterproof and anti-crack mortar layer, and anti-corrosion mesh, all of which are produced in the factory and transported to the site for installation, which conforms to the requirements advocated by the state. The industrial policy of "fabricated buildings" solves the problems of heavy traditional masonry materials, poor seismic performance, slow construction speed, high price of prefabricated slabs, difficult transportation, and difficult installation.

2. The materials used in the wall structure of the present invention have single specifications, are easy to organize, fast in construction speed, employ less people, controllable in material quality and construction quality, and the site is civilized, clean and hygienic without garbage. All the materials used are prefabricated in the factory and mixed uniformly in bags and shipped to the site. Special equipment is used for spraying. During construction, it is only necessary to connect electricity and water to enter the machine. Fully meet the requirements of dry work.

3. The raw material used for the sprayed mortar layer of the wall body of the present invention is industrial solid waste phosphogypsum or other by-product gypsum, which can completely absorb the newly added waste slag every year and the original piled waste slag, turn waste into treasure, and solve the problem of phosphate fertilizer plants in one fell swoop. and other by-product gypsum enterprises are under environmental protection pressure and local governments are under environmental protection pressure.

4. The wall structure of the present invention replaces traditional masonry materials, which can reduce the dependence of blocks on laterite, cement, etc. on natural resources and high energy-consuming materials, and contribute to the protection of green mountains and green waters.

5. The wall structure of the present invention has excellent properties such as light weight, non-combustibility, sound insulation, heat insulation, and moisture absorption, and can meet residential requirements such as fire prevention, energy saving, sound insulation, and comfort.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a side view of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-shaped steel, 2-steel wire mesh, 3-wall sprayed mortar layer, 4-wall sprayed mortar layer, 5-polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer, 6-anti-corrosion mesh cloth.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to the three embodiments provided by the present invention in Fig. 1-2;

Embodiment one

A gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall composite wall, the thickness is 125mm, wherein the wall body is sprayed with a mortar layer of 120mm, the thickness of the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is 5mm, and the heat transfer coefficient of the wall body is 1.47 [W/m2.K]. Including profiled steel, steel mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer, polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer and anti-corrosion mesh cloth; the profiled steel is arranged according to the design requirements and fixed with the beam-column structure; the stencil is installed on both sides of the profiled steel; The wall sprayed mortar layer is sprayed on the steel mesh in layers, and the gaps between the shaped steel and the steel mesh are filled, wrapped, covered and leveled. The thickness of the wall sprayed mortar layer is higher than that of the shaped steel, forming a unified wall sprayed mortar layer Material surface layer; the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is scraped on the sprayed mortar layer of the outer wall and implanted with an anti-corrosion net to form a waterproof protective layer and an anti-cracking layer.

The construction sequence is characterized by: installing profiled steel and fixing it with beams and columns → installing ribbed expansion mesh on the outside of the profiled steel, installing hot-dip galvanized steel wire mesh on the inside of the profiled steel → punching reinforcement on the inner and outer walls → dividing the ribbed expansion mesh from the inside to the outside Spray the mortar layer on the wall → spray the mortar layer on the outer wall from the outside to the inside and scrape it with the ribs → spray the mortar layer on the inner wall from the outside to the inside and scrape it with the ribs → scrape on the outside Wipe the polymer waterproof and crack-resistant mortar layer and implant anti-corrosion mesh cloth to flatten it.

The section steel is C-section steel with a specification of 30*30*1.2, which is arranged and welded according to a vertical interval of 600 mm and a horizontal interval of 1000 mm, and connected to the beam-column structure.

The outer side of the steel mesh is a reinforced expanded mesh with a specification of 4.5*15*0.6mm; the inner side is a hot-dip galvanized steel mesh with a mesh aperture of 10*10*0.6mm.

The thickness of the wall sprayed mortar layer is 120mm, sprayed in layers, and its technical indicators are:

project name dry density Compressive strength Thermal Conductivity Combustion performance level unit kg/m3 MPa [w/(m.K)] technical indicators ≤900 ≥3.0 ≤0.30 A

The thickness of the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is 5mm and scraped outside the wall, and its technical index is:

project name water permeability Compressive strength fold ratio tensile bond strength Tensile bond strength after immersion in water unit ml MPa - map map technical indicators ≤2.5 ≥20.0 ≤3.0 ≥0.70 ≥0.50

The anti-corrosion net is an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and its technical index is:

The wall spraying mortar layer is sprayed by special equipment. On site, only the water source and power supply need to be connected to the equipment interface, and the wall spraying mortar layer is poured into the equipment inlet to spray. The site is clean and tidy without waste materials and garbage. Comply with assembly construction requirements.

Embodiment two

A gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall composite wall, the thickness is 145mm, wherein the wall sprayed mortar layer 140mm, polymer waterproof anti-cracking mortar layer thickness 5mm, wall heat transfer coefficient 1.28 [W/m2.K], Including section steel, steel mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer, polymer waterproof and anti-crack mortar layer and anti-corrosion mesh cloth; the section steel is arranged according to the design requirements and fixed with the beam and column structure; the steel mesh is installed in the middle of the section steel; the The wall spraying mortar layer is sprayed on the steel mesh in layers to fill, wrap, cover and level the gaps between the steel and the steel mesh. The thickness of the wall spraying mortar layer is higher than that of the section steel to form a unified wall spraying mortar layer material The surface layer: the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is batch-scraped on the sprayed mortar layer of the outer wall and implanted with an anti-corrosion net to form a waterproof protective layer and an anti-cracking layer.

The construction sequence is characterized by: installing profiled steel and fixing it with beams and columns → installing steel mesh in the middle of the profiled steel → spraying mortar layers on the steel mesh from both sides → punching ribs on both inner and outer walls → spraying wall spraying on the inner side Build a mortar layer and implant reinforcement nets and punching ribs to level off→Spray the mortar layer on the outside of the wall and implant reinforcement nets and punching ribs to level off→Scrape the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer on the outside and implant Alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh.

The profiled steel is U-shaped steel with a specification of 40*40*1.2, arranged and welded at a vertical interval of 500 mm and a horizontal interval of 1000 mm, and connected to the beam-column structure.

The steel mesh is a reinforced mesh with a specification of 4.5*15*1.0mm.

The thickness of the sprayed mortar layer of the wall is 140mm, which is sprayed in four layers, and its technical indicators are:

project name dry density Compressive strength Thermal Conductivity Combustion performance level unit kg/m3 MPa [w/(m.K)] technical indicators ≤900 ≥3.0 ≤0.30 A

The reinforcing net is coated with medium-alkali glass fiber mesh cloth, and its technical index is:

The thickness of the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is 5mm and scraped outside the wall, and its technical index is:

The anti-corrosion net is an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and its technical index is:

The wall spraying mortar layer is sprayed by special equipment, and the site only needs to connect the water source and power supply to the equipment interface, and the wall spraying mortar layer is poured into the equipment feed port to spray; the site is clean and tidy, free of materials, and free of Garbage, in line with the prefabricated construction requirements.

Embodiment three

A gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall composite wall with a thickness of 103mm, wherein the wall is sprayed with a mortar layer of 100mm, the thickness of the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is 3mm, and the heat transfer coefficient of the wall is 1.73 [W/m2.K]. Including profiled steel, steel mesh, wall sprayed mortar layer, polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer and anti-corrosion mesh cloth; the profiled steel is arranged according to the design requirements and fixed with the beam and column structure; the stencil is installed on the outside of the profiled steel; The wall sprayed mortar layer is sprayed on the steel mesh layer by layer to fill, wrap, cover and level the gaps between the steel and steel mesh. The thickness of the wall sprayed mortar layer is higher than that of the section steel to form a unified wall sprayed mortar layer material The surface layer: the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is batch-scraped on the sprayed mortar layer of the outer wall and implanted with an anti-corrosion net to form a waterproof protective layer and an anti-cracking layer.

The construction sequence is characterized by: installing profiled steel and fixing it with beams and columns → installing steel mesh on the outside of the profiled steel → spraying the wall from the inside to the outside of the steel mesh in two layers to spray the mortar layer → punching the walls on the inner and outer sides → spraying on the inner and outer sides Spray the mortar layer on the wall and scrape it off → scrape the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer on the outside to a thickness of 3mm and implant alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth.

The section steel is a square section steel with a specification of 30*40*1.2, which is arranged and welded according to a spacing of 500mm vertically and 1000mm horizontally and connected with the beam-column structure.

The steel mesh is a reinforced mesh with a specification of 4.5*15*0.8mm.

The thickness of the wall sprayed mortar layer is 100mm, and its technical index is:

project name dry density Compressive strength Thermal Conductivity Combustion performance level unit kg/m3 MPa [w/(m.K)] technical indicators ≤900 ≥3.0 ≤0.30 A

The thickness of the polymer waterproof and anti-cracking mortar layer is 3mm and scraped outside the wall, and its technical indicators are:

The anti-corrosion net is an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and its technical index is:

The wall spraying mortar layer is sprayed by special equipment. On site, only the water source and power supply need to be connected to the equipment interface, and the wall spraying mortar layer is poured into the equipment inlet to spray. The site is clean and tidy without waste materials and garbage. Comply with assembly construction requirements.

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. without further restrictions.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. screed, polymer are built in a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall construction, including the spray of shaped steel, steel wire, wall Waterproof anti-crack mortar layer and anti-corrosion screen cloth；Including shaped steel, steel mesh, wall spray build screed, polymer waterproof anti-crack mortar layer and Anti-corrosion screen cloth；The shaped steel is arranged by design requirement and is fixed with beam column construction；The steel mesh is mounted on centre, the side of shaped steel Or both sides；The wall spray is built screed layering and is injected on steel mesh, and the gap of shaped steel and steel mesh is tamped, wrap up, is covered simultaneously Levelling, wall spray builds mortar layer thickness and is higher by shaped steel, forms unified wall spray and builds screed material face layer；The polymer waterproof Anticracking grout layer batch scrapes wall spray on the outside and builds on screed and be implanted into anti-corrosion net, forms fish tail and waterproof layer and cracking resistance layer.

2. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, sequence of construction are characterized in that：Peace Dress shaped steel and with beam column fix → install steel wire → to steel wire be layered injection wall spray build screed → inside and outside metope Floating screed is simultaneously higher by shaped steel, and → outside injection wall spray inside is built screed and struck off → scrapes smear polymer waterproof anti-crack sand on the outside Pulp layer is simultaneously implanted into the pressing of anti-corrosion screen cloth.

3. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shaped steel packet The proximate matters such as light gauge cold-formed steel shape, angle steel, channel steel, H profile steel, square tube, pipe are included, shaped steel need to be through antirust treatment, and size is according to structure It is required that setting.

4. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The steel mesh is With mild steel wire, bullet wire, high-carbon steel wire, the materials such as stainless steel wire weave or are welded into the general name of Web materials, including Expanded metal lath (seine), steel wire (mesh grid) and welded mesh, steel wire need to be set through preservative treatment, size according to structural requirement；

The steel mesh can also be replaced with reinforcing mat, be embedded in as needed do not install steel mesh side wall spray build mortar layer Mian Ceng In.

5. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wall spray Building screed, (formula refers to my patent《Inorganic heat-insulating dry powder mortar layer》) it is by industry by-product gypsums such as ardealites as glue Gel material, glass bead (or perlite) are mixed into list in factory according to a certain ratio as aglite, compound a variety of additives One component transports scene to after packed, and carrying out spray using special equipment builds construction.Scene only needs water source, power supply being communicated to equipment Wall spray is built screed and pours into equipment feed inlet and can spray and built by interface；Live neat and tidy without take material, without rubbish, meet dress With formula construction requirement；

Described spray builds the technical indicator of screed and is：

Project name Dry density Compression strength Thermal coefficient Burning behavior class Unit kg/m3 Mpa [w/(m.K)] Technical indicator ≤1000 ≥2.5 ≤0.40 A

6. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The polymer Waterproof anti-crack mortar layer be by cement, quartz sand, waterproofing agent, polymer and a variety of additives in proportion factory's mixture manufacturing at Single component, the scene of transporting to by ratio of mud requirement add water to stir into slurry, are scraped with serrated knife batch on wall and being laid with anti-corrosion screen cloth and use Spatula flattens, and forms fish tail and waterproof layer and cracking resistance layer, technical indicator are：

7. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The anti-corrosion net Including：Coat medium-alkali glass fibre grid cloth, alkali-proof glass fiber mesh, galvanizing electrowelding net etc..

8. a kind of gypsum lightweight mortar layer exterior wall combined wall according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wall spray Injection should be layered by building screed, and per pass jet thickness is not more than 50mm；Next process construction is carried out after drying again.