CN108303333B - Rubber pressure head impact tester and graded broken stone deformation test method - Google Patents
Rubber pressure head impact tester and graded broken stone deformation test method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
一种橡胶压头冲击试验仪及级配碎石变形试验方法，橡胶压头冲击试验仪包括固定在减振台上的发动机，发动机经传动杆带动橡胶压头对级配碎石试件施加冲击力；发动机上连接有用于调节传动杆实现波形控制的伺服阀，传动杆上设有用于调节传动杆自身长度的升降阀。级配碎石变形试验方法包括：a.称取级配碎石混合料装入试模；b.碾压制得级配碎石试件；c.通过橡胶压头冲击试验仪反复冲击；d.根据冲击结果，采用Wolff和Visser永久变形预估模型表示级配碎石变形曲线所满足的定量关系，再通过最小二乘法对模型进行优化，使试验误差降低到最小，完成数据的分析。本发明能够对级配碎石的变形性能做出快速准确的评价。
A rubber indenter impact tester and a graded crushed stone deformation test method. The rubber indenter impact tester includes an engine fixed on a vibration damping table, and the engine drives the rubber indenter through a transmission rod to impact the graded crushed stone specimen. The engine is connected with a servo valve for adjusting the transmission rod to realize waveform control, and the transmission rod is provided with a lift valve for adjusting the length of the transmission rod itself. The deformation test method of graded crushed stone includes: a. Weigh the graded crushed stone mixture and put it into the trial mold; b. Roll the graded crushed stone specimen; c. .According to the impact results, the permanent deformation prediction model of Wolff and Visser is used to express the quantitative relationship satisfied by the deformation curve of graded crushed stone, and then the model is optimized by the least square method to minimize the test error and complete the data analysis. The invention can quickly and accurately evaluate the deformation performance of graded crushed stone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of highway engineering, and particularly relates to a rubber pressure head impact tester and a graded broken stone deformation test method.
Background
The graded broken stone material has the advantages of easily obtained materials, low manufacturing cost, few reflection cracks and the like, has been widely applied to road construction in early stage of China, but is limited by the defects of the current cognitive level and technical capability, inappropriate evaluation index and the like, and the graded broken stone base cannot meet the requirement of traffic development. The road worker improves the composition and the proportion of the graded broken stone material on the basis of the original knowledge, and greatly improves the road performance of the graded broken stone material by adopting a framework structure and a vibration forming mode.
At present, the performance of the graded broken stone material is mainly evaluated by a California bearing ratio CBR test at home and abroad, and the CBR value is taken as an evaluation index of the graded broken stone material. The CBR value mainly aims at the strength index of the material, and the deformation performance of the material is difficult to accurately evaluate. Engineering practice has shown that the failure of graded crushed stone substrates is mainly due to excessive deformation.
Only the CBR value is adopted as the evaluation index of the graded broken stone material, so that a graded broken stone deformation test and parameter determination method is still required to be provided in order to guarantee the service life of the graded broken stone base layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rubber pressure head impact tester and a graded broken stone deformation test method aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the method can quickly and accurately evaluate the deformation performance of the graded broken stone.
In order to achieve the purpose, the rubber pressure head impact tester comprises an engine fixed on a vibration reduction table, wherein the engine drives a rubber pressure head to apply impact force to a graded broken stone test piece through a transmission rod; the engine is connected with a servo valve used for adjusting the transmission rod to realize waveform control, and the transmission rod is provided with a lifting valve used for adjusting the length of the transmission rod.
The impact force exerted by the rubber pressure head on the graded broken stone test piece is controlled to be 0.7 MPa.
The graded broken stone deformation test method comprises the following steps:
a. weighing the graded broken stone mixture, uniformly stirring and then loading into a test mold;
b. rolling the test mould filled with the graded broken stone mixture to prepare a graded broken stone test piece;
c. standing the graded broken stone test piece for 3-5 h at room temperature, and repeatedly impacting by a rubber pressure head impact tester;
d. and according to the impact result, expressing the quantitative relation met by the graded broken stone deformation curve by adopting a Wolff and Visser permanent deformation estimation model, and optimizing the model by a least square method, so that the test error is reduced to the minimum, and the analysis of data is completed.
The length of the test mould in the step a is 300mm, the width of the test mould is 300mm, the height of the test mould is l00mm, and the weighing amount of the graded broken stone mixture is as follows: the volume of the graded broken stone test piece is multiplied by the optimal dry density of the graded broken stone, multiplied by 1.03.
And step b, rolling the test mold filled with the graded broken stone mixture by using a wheel rolling forming machine and preparing a graded broken stone test piece.
The step d specifically comprises the following steps:
d.1) expressing the quantitative relation satisfied by the graded broken stone deformation curve by adopting a Wolff and Visser permanent deformation estimation model as follows:
y＝(ci+a)·(1-e-0.5i)
y is the deformation generated by graded broken stones; i is the deformation recording times; a. c is a parameter representing the deformation characteristic of graded crushed stones;
d.2) a series of data pairs were determined experimentally: (i-1, y-1), (i-2, y-2), (i-3, y-3), … …, (i-n, y-yn);
d.3) calculating the deformation y with an error sigma:
σ1＝y1-(c·1+a)·(1-e-0.5×1)
σ2＝y2-(c·2+a)·(1-e-0.5×2)
σ3＝y3-(c·3+a)·(1-e-0.5×3)
……
σn＝yn-(c·n+a)·(1-e-0.5×n)；
d.4) solving by using partial differential equations according to the least square principle
And corresponding optimum parameter abest、cbestTo make
Reaching a minimum value:
finishing to obtain:
obtaining a solution:
in the formula:
will optimize the parameter abest、cbestSubstituting the model into Wolff and Visser permanent deformation estimation model to obtain the optimal permanent deformation estimation model y-c based on the least square methodbest·i+abest)·(1-e-0.5i) The influence of test errors is minimized.
Compared with the prior art, the rubber pressure head impact tester provided by the invention has the advantages that the impact power is generated through the engine, the engine is fixed on the vibration reduction table, and the vibration of the engine is reduced to eliminate the test error. The engine is connected with the servo valve capable of performing waveform control, the servo valve is connected with the rubber pressure head through the transmission rod, the transmission rod is provided with the lifting valve used for adjusting the length of the transmission rod, the rubber pressure head repeatedly impacts a test piece in a certain frequency and waveform mode, and then the impact process of a rubber tire on the graded broken stone base layer in the actual running process of a vehicle is simulated.
Compared with the prior art, the graded broken stone deformation test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the graded broken stone test piece is prepared by rolling the test mould filled with the graded broken stone mixture, the paving and rolling process of a mixture spreader to a graded broken stone base layer in the actual construction process can be simulated, the test piece is repeatedly impacted by adopting a rubber pressure head impact tester at a certain frequency and waveform, the impact process of a rubber tire to the graded broken stone base layer in the actual running process of a vehicle is simulated, and the model is optimized by the least square method, so that the test error is reduced to the minimum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the rubber indenter impact tester of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-an engine; 2-a servo valve; 3-a lift valve; 4-a vibration damping table; 5-a rubber pressure head; 6-grading broken stone test pieces; 7-transmission rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the rubber pressure head impact tester is composed of an engine 1, a servo valve 2, a lifting valve 3, a vibration damping table 4, a rubber pressure head 5, a transmission rod 7 and the like. The engine 1 drives the transmission rod 7 to work and applies impact force to the graded broken stone test piece 6. The engine 1 is mounted on the vibration damping table 4 to reduce its own vibration and eliminate test errors. The servo valve 2 is connected to the engine 1, thereby realizing waveform control. The lift valve 3 is installed in the middle of the transmission rod 7 to control the length of the transmission rod 7. The rubber pressure head 5 is arranged at the tail end of the transmission rod 7 and used for simulating the impact effect of a rubber tire on the graded broken stone base layer.
Selecting a test mould with the length, width and height of 300mm, L00mm, weighing the graded broken stone mixture according to the volume of the test piece multiplied by the optimal dry density multiplied by the coefficient of 1.03, uniformly stirring and then loading into the test mould. And rolling the test mold filled with the mixture by using a wheel rolling forming machine to prepare a graded broken stone test piece 6, and standing the graded broken stone test piece 6 at room temperature for 3-5 hours to perform a rubber pressure head impact test.
In a rubber pressure head impact test, firstly, the transmission rod 7 needs to be lifted through the lifting valve 3, and the transmission rod 7 is lowered again after the graded broken stone test piece 6 is placed, so that the rubber pressure head 5 is just in full contact with the graded broken stone test piece 6. The servo valve 2 is then opened to set the output waveform, which may be sine wave, Haversene wave, etc. And finally, starting the engine 1 to drive the transmission rod 7 to work and apply impact force to the test piece 6. The vibration generated by the engine 1 itself is eliminated by the vibration damping table 4, thereby controlling the test error. The test is carried out for 60min totally, anData were recorded at 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min and 60min for 6 sets of data pairs: (i-1, y-y1)、(i＝2,y＝y2)、(i＝3,y＝y3)、……、(i＝6,y＝y6)。
Calculate A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, L, M, N the value:
calculating the optimum parameter a from the value of A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, L, M, Nbest、cbest：
Obtaining the optimal permanent deformation estimation model y ═ (c) based on the least square methodbesti+abest)·(1-e-0.5i) The influence of test errors is minimized.
The corresponding least squares error at this time is:
Claims (3)
1. a graded broken stone deformation test method using a rubber pressure head impact tester is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. weighing the graded broken stone mixture, uniformly stirring and then loading into a test mold;
b. rolling the test mould filled with the graded broken stone mixture to prepare a graded broken stone test piece (6);
c. standing the graded broken stone test piece (6) for 3-5 h at room temperature, and repeatedly impacting by a rubber pressure head impact tester;
the rubber pressure head impact tester comprises an engine (1) fixed on a vibration reduction table (4), wherein the engine (1) drives a rubber pressure head (5) to apply impact force to a graded broken stone test piece (6) through a transmission rod (7); the engine (1) is connected with a servo valve (2) used for adjusting a transmission rod (7) to realize waveform control, the waveform comprises sine waves and Haversene waves, the servo valve (2) is connected with a rubber pressure head (5) through the transmission rod (7), and the transmission rod (7) is provided with a lifting valve (3) used for adjusting the length of the transmission rod (7); the rubber pressure head (5) repeatedly impacts the test piece at a certain frequency and waveform, and then the impact process of the rubber tire on the graded broken stone base layer in the actual running process of the vehicle is simulated; the impact force exerted by the rubber pressure head (5) on the graded broken stone test piece (6) is controlled to be 0.7 MPa;
d. according to the impact result, a Wolff and Visser permanent deformation estimation model is adopted to represent the quantitative relation met by the graded broken stone deformation curve, and then the model is optimized through a least square method, so that the test error is reduced to the minimum, and the analysis of data is completed;
the step d specifically comprises the following steps:
d.1) expressing the quantitative relation satisfied by the graded broken stone deformation curve by adopting a Wolff and Visser permanent deformation estimation model as follows:
y＝(ci+a)·(1-e-0.5i)
y is the deformation generated by graded broken stones; i is the deformation recording times; a. c is a parameter representing the deformation characteristic of graded crushed stones;
d.2) a series of data pairs were determined experimentally: (i-1, y-1), (i-2, y-2), (i-3, y-3), … …, (i-n, y-yn);
d.3) calculating the deformation y with an error sigma:
σ1＝y1-(c·1+a)·(1-e-0.5×1)
σ2＝y2-(c·2+a)·(1-e-0.5×2)
σ3＝y3-(c·3+a)·(1-e-0.5×3)
……
σn＝yn-(c·n+a)·(1-e-0.5×n)；
d.4) solving by using partial differential equations according to the least square principle
And corresponding optimum parameter abest、cbestTo make
Reaching a minimum value:
finishing to obtain:
obtaining a solution:
in the formula:
will optimize the parameter abest、cbestSubstituting the model into Wolff and Visser permanent deformation estimation model to obtain the optimal permanent deformation estimation model y-c based on the least square methodbest·i+abest)·(1-e-0.5i) The influence of test errors is minimized.
2. The graded broken stone deformation test method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the test mould in the step a is 300mm, the width of the test mould is 300mm, the height of the test mould is l00mm, and the weighing amount of the graded broken stone mixture is as follows:
the volume of the graded broken stone test piece is multiplied by the optimal dry density of the graded broken stone, multiplied by 1.03.
3. The graded crushed stone deformation test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step b, rolling the test mold filled with the graded broken stone mixture by using a wheel rolling forming machine and preparing a graded broken stone test piece (6).
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Address after: 710064 No. 33, South Second Ring Road, Shaanxi, Xi'an Patentee after: CHANG'AN University Patentee after: HENAN HONGSHENG ENGINEERING SUPERVISION Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Zhoukou Highway Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: YAN'AN HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION BUREAU Address before: 710064 No. 33, South Second Ring Road, Shaanxi, Xi'an Patentee before: CHANG'AN University Patentee before: HENAN HONGSHENG ENGINEERING SUPERVISION Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: ZHOUKOU CITY HIGHWAY SURVEY AND DESIGN INSTITUTE Patentee before: YAN'AN HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION BUREAU |
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