CN108280290A - A kind of aggregate numerical model method for reconstructing - Google Patents
A kind of aggregate numerical model method for reconstructing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108280290A CN108280290A CN201810059964.1A CN201810059964A CN108280290A CN 108280290 A CN108280290 A CN 108280290A CN 201810059964 A CN201810059964 A CN 201810059964A CN 108280290 A CN108280290 A CN 108280290A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
Abstract
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to concrete numerical simulation study technical fields, are related to a kind of aggregate numerical model reconstruction side Method can fast and accurately obtain the small spacing serial section image of heterogeneous material.
Background technology:
Concrete (referred to as concrete) refers to being led to the general designation of the cementing integral engineered composite material of aggregate by cementitious material The concrete often said is made of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement-hydrate, unhydrated cement granules, hole and crackle etc.;With water (can contain additive and admixture) coordinates by a certain percentage, it is agitated obtained by cement concrete, also referred to as normal concrete, it is wide It is general to be applied to civil engineering.It is continuous with computer technology currently, the research for concrete is limited only to macro-level Develop, the research in terms of micro-mechanics studies of concrete is increasingly subject to the attention of people, can be ground after carrying out numerical simulation to concrete Study carefully aggregate in concrete, the damage -form of mortar and its boundary layer between the two, the premise using numerical method analysis is to build The finite element geometrical model of vertical concrete material microscopical structure, the performance of concrete and the shape of aggregate, grading etc. have prodigious Relationship, so, the generation of aggregate mould shapes just becomes an important topic of concrete numerical simulation.
Microscopical experiments, can under the conditions of theoretical model is reasonable and each phase material performance data of concrete is sufficiently accurate To replace part Experiment, and the influence of the objective limitation and human factor of experiment condition to its result can be avoided, for mixed The foundation of solidifying soil meso-mechanical model uses many it is assumed that these hypothesis have certain error:For example, concrete numerical simulation Critical issue be simulation to aggregate shape, in previous research, to two-dimentional aggregate multipurpose circular or ellipse Round simulation cobble or gravel aggregate simulate crushed stone aggregate with convex polygon, and mostly ovum is simulated with ball or elliposoidal in three-dimensional Stone or gravel aggregate simulate crushed stone aggregate with convex polyhedron;These simplified ways are feasible in method, but cannot be accurate Express the morphological feature of true aggregate particle, although two-dimensional analog calculate it is easy, its disadvantage be also it will be apparent that The spatial distribution and Grading feature that aggregate cannot really be restored, can not give expression to the destructive characteristics of concrete;It is three-dimensional Spherical in simulation, elliposoidal and the random of convex polyhedron launch the spatial distribution form for capableing of simulation concrete aggregate, cannot Completely instead of the shape of true aggregate, the Shortcomings in terms of the research of aggregate and mortar interface layer.It is more true in order to obtain Concrete structure and destructive characteristics, it is necessary to true aggregate is simulated using more efficient way.
The scanning to concrete cut-plane slices is realized using industry CT scanning technique, is then mixed with three-dimensional reconstruction software The reconstruction of solidifying soil model, obtains the concrete numerical model based on true shape, then analyzed on the basis of numerical model It can obtain preferable effect.But there is also shortcoming, CT scan images point in the application of concrete field for CT scan technology When resolution improves, density resolution declines, and causes the information content for including insufficient, simultaneously as CT scan technology is set by scanning Standby is affected, and easy ting produce noise and artifact interference causes the model rebuild inaccurate, and CT scan equipment price Costliness is unfavorable for extensive use of the CT scan technology in concrete field, and thus, CT scan technology is thin for true concrete Seeing structure three-dimensional reconstruction, there is also certain limitations.
A kind of aggregate structure feature based on the moulding method of section disclosed in Chinese patent 201510801544.2 is picked up Method is taken, greasy filth module is made using the concrete material for carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction, manufactured greasy filth module is cut, is swept It retouches, the greasy filth module scans image of acquisition is subjected to image procossing, and carry out the reconstruct of concrete particle structure three-dimensional spatial model, Obtained concrete particle structure three-dimensional spatial model is finally realized into aggregate into the random distribution of line direction and position Structure feature is picked up, and when carrying out test block cutting, cutting thickness is not easy to control, the excessive model for causing to rebuild of cutting spacing and reality Error between object is larger;A kind of method of CT images of concrete three-dimensional reconstruction disclosed in Chinese patent 201210015951.7, Tomoscan is carried out to concrete sample with CT machines first, secondly ray casting algorithm carries out Three-dimensional Gravity to concrete C T images It builds, obtains the true picture of aggregate, mortar, hole, finally CT images of concrete is carried out using visualization tool VTK three-dimensional vertical Weight structure can clearly distinguish aggregate, mortar and hole by reconstruction model, there are scan image by CT equipment interfere with And the problem of precision.
Based on the above reason, it is necessary to seek a kind of more accurate and easily aggregate numerical model method for reconstructing, The aggregate model database based on true aggregate shape is further established using numerical model, in the Numerical-Mode of concrete Aggregate is conveniently extracted from model database in quasi- research and is launched at random.
Invention content:
It is an object of the invention to overcome disadvantage of the existing technology, R & D design one kind being based on true aggregate The method that the serial section image of acquisition of successively polishing carries out Model Reconstruction further utilizes the aggregate model that the method is established to give birth to At aggregate model database.To increase the validity of concrete numerical simulation.
To achieve the goals above, the specific embodiment of aggregate numerical model method for reconstructing of the present invention Including make the polishing test specimen comprising target aggregate, obtain aggregate serial section image, calibration and pretreatment serial section image, Aggregate model is generated, aggregate model parameter is calculated and goes forward side by side and row format conversion and establish aggregate model database totally six steps:
(1) the polishing test specimen for including target aggregate is made:According to the requirement that aggregate model database is established, making includes Monomer aggregate test specimen includes group's aggregate test specimen;Including the manufacturing process of monomer aggregate test specimen is that single aggregate is wrapped in glue It is fabricated to polishing test specimen in gel material, cementitious material is for ease of the fast hard material of polishing, including cement mortar and building gypsum, It is easily extracted and the reconstruction of threedimensional model including monomer aggregate test specimen is convenient for aggregate;Include the making of group's aggregate test specimen Process is identical as the manufacturing process of ordinary concrete specimens, is adhered phenomenon including existing between the aggregate of group's aggregate test specimen, needs It is split extraction;
(2) aggregate serial section image is obtained:Aggregate polishing test specimen is fixed on equipment for grinding, bistrique is beaten along aggregate It grinds the Z-direction of test specimen successively to dry grind to aggregate polishing test specimen with identical polishing spacing, the polishing spacing of section passes through The amount of feeding of bistrique controls, and minimum polishing spacing is 0.01mm, after the completion of every layer of section polishing, using digital camera to section into Row shooting, obtains aggregate serial section image:
(3) calibrate and pre-process serial section image:Aggregate serial section image is carried out using three anchor point alignment methods Calibration, when due to aggregate polishing test specimen layering polishing, each layer of profile image of shooting cannot be guaranteed to be registrated in interlayer, due to figure As shooting when influenced by various factors, as the angle of video camera, distance and direction, object space movement and other because Element causes image error occur, needs to be registrated image, chooses in specimen holder mechanism close to the three of heterogeneous material test specimen A control point as datum mark, three datum marks not point-blank, when serial section image is imaged, each profile image Including these three datum marks, select a wherein width standard picture as benchmark image, remaining profile image is image subject to registration, mark Quasi- image is the image that angle, distance, direction and object space in serial section image meets sets requirement, image registration It is the process for seeking one-to-one mapping between image and standard picture subject to registration, is that will correspond to the same position in space in two images The point set connects, and three in image subject to registration control point should be overlapped with three datum marks in benchmark image, according to control The position of system point carries out geometric transformation to calculate the relationship of space reflection, then with the relationship of space reflection to image subject to registration, In MATLAB (matrix labotstory), the registration of Z-direction is carried out to serial section image using cpselect functions interactive tool, Obtain registration result;The anchor point for being not belonging to porous concrete specimens profile image is contained when shooting, utilizes Photoshop (figures As processing software), image proplus (image analysis software) carry out unified image to the serial section image after registration and cut It cuts out, crops the useless region for including anchor point around serial section image, retain the concrete sample polishing region for needing to analyze Serial section image, the serial section image gray processing after cutting out handles and is converted to bianry image, wherein white area For aggregate, black region is cementitious material, completes the calibration and pretreatment of serial section image;
It is panoramic picture based on serial section image, shoots and preserve the difference of the imaging device parameter of image, imaging is set The standby difference with porous concrete specimens section relative position and angle so that existence position deviation between each layer profile image, It needs to be standardized the serial section image of acquisition, to meet the needs of experimental analysis;
(4) aggregate model is generated:
(1) it is to ensure that image pixel (pixel) is consistent with the true ratio of aggregate scale, figure is carried out to serial section image As the conversion reckoning of pixel and true aggregate size, it is three-dimensional to import Mimics (medical image control system) in serial section image X-axis, the scanning resolution of Y-axis and Z axis are inputted during reconstruction software, point coordinates on image (x ', y ') correspondence is really cut The scanning resolution of the corresponding point coordinates (x, y) of on piece, x-axis and y-axis is the image full-size(d) corresponding to each pixel, z-axis Scanning resolution is the interlamellar spacing d of serial section image;
(2) Threshold segmentation, extracts the aggregate Area generation aggregate mask of white, and monomer aggregate test specimen directly extracts white area Domain, group's aggregate test specimen need first to judge whether white area derives from same aggregate in different two dimensional images, and deterministic process is logical Software programming realization is crossed, the centre of form distance of any amount aggregate is compared with two aggregate maximum radius, two aggregate centre of form distances Judge that two aggregates come from same aggregate less than any one aggregate radius, using intensity value ranges definition with it is manual retouch to take be combined Method extract the white area of same aggregate and save as same mask, portion is adhered to different aggregate in serial section image Divide mask to pass through mask edit operation and carries out manual pruning and segmentation;
(3) 3D calculating is carried out to the aggregate mask that the monomer aggregate test specimen in step (2) extracts, generates initial aggregate face Grid data model carries out 3D calculating respectively to the different aggregate masks that group's aggregate test specimen extracts, while generating multiple first Beginning aggregate surface grids data model, the influence due to aggregate test specimen serial section image interlamellar spacing to Z axis resolution ratio, the bone of generation Charge level grid data model is coarse primary mold;
(4) to step (3) generate primary aggregate surface grids data model carry out fairing, mesh generation and package processing with Accurate aggregate surface grids data model is obtained, accurate aggregate surface grids data model is filled, is obtained based on true The volume mesh data model of aggregate;
The principle that Mimics (medical image control system) three-dimensional reconstruction software inversely rebuilds particles of aggregates model is:It is based on The three-dimensional information for the unknown object that serial section image includes reconstructs the digital three-dimensional model of contour of object in a computer, Point P is in the coordinate value (x, y) of X-axis and Y-axis by the location determination on its horizontal section wherein on unknown object profile, and point P is in Z The coordinate value (z) of axis is by the spacing (d) cut and the relational expression of section sequence (n):Z=d × n is determined;
(5) calculate aggregate model parameter go forward side by side row format conversion:The aggregate volume mesh number directly rebuild from Mimics softwares Include model volume according to the geometric parameter extracted in model, surface area, the long axis distance of X-direction, Y direction and Z-direction, Mass cg coordinate short axle distance and determined based on model coordinate frame, can be carried out by the geometric parameter directly extracted The calculating of aggregate model indirect form parameter including aggregate form factor, circularity, needle degree and flatness further passes through Mimics softwares provide various the corresponding interface using design software can convert aggregate volume mesh data model to dxf, The format of stl, inp and igs preserved convenient for aggregate model database, the throwing of aggregate model format mutually turned convenient for aggregate model It puts and studies;
(6) aggregate model database is established:The aggregate body net of different sizes and type is established using step (1) to (five) Lattice data model carries out aggregate model parameter statistics to the aggregate volume mesh data model of different sizes and type and sorts out whole It closes, establishes aggregate model database, and carry out the selection and dispensing of aggregate in follow-up numerical simulation study.
The interlamellar spacing size for the aggregate serial section image that step (1) of the present invention is related to affects aggregate Model Reconstruction knot The interlamellar spacing of the resolution ratio of fruit in the Z-axis direction, aggregate serial section image is smaller, the external shape of true aggregate model State fitting effect is more accurate;Step (1) obtain aggregate serial section image high resolution, including information completely, can The multiple dimensioned numerical model of multiphase is rebuild, is convenient for the research of different levels, and assign the coagulation based on aggregate serial section image The larger flexibility of the three-dimensional reconstruction of native microscopical structure;The aggregate model database that step (6) is established has validity height, bone Material chooses convenient and efficient feature, and solid foundation is provided for aggregate numerical simulation study.
Compared with prior art, the present invention to carrying out polishing bat comprising monomer aggregate test specimen or comprising group's aggregate test specimen According to obtaining the serial section image of aggregate, aggregate model established based on serial section image, according to aggregate model foundation aggregate mould Type database can be solved because of CT scan equipment costliness not including group's aggregate test specimen can establish multiple aggregate models simultaneously Problem convenient to carry out, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out based on true aggregate particle, true aggregate is simulated to the full extent The aggregate model of resemblance, foundation preserves in a grid formation, creates conditions for the foundation of true aggregate model database, and And can be exchanged into row format with CAD software or FEA Finite Element Simulation Softwares, it is ground convenient for the numerical simulation of mechanical performance of concrete Study carefully;The mode that its image obtains is simple, quick, and image procurement cost is low, the image sequence interlamellar spacing of acquisition is small, Aligning degree is high, Information content is complete, and the aggregate model database of foundation has true and reliable characteristic, is convenient for application.
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the profile image before the binaryzation that 1 step (3) of the embodiment of the present invention is related to.
Fig. 3 is the profile image after the binaryzation that 1 step (3) of the embodiment of the present invention is related to.
Fig. 4 is the first established model figure of aggregate that 1 step (4) of the embodiment of the present invention is related to.
Fig. 5 is the aggregate surface grids illustraton of model that 1 step (4) of the embodiment of the present invention is related to.
Fig. 6 is the aggregate volume mesh illustraton of model that 1 step (4) of the embodiment of the present invention is related to.
Fig. 7 is the CAD aggregate illustratons of model after the conversion that 1 step (5) of the embodiment of the present invention is related to.
Fig. 8 is that the shape description that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is related to is the aggregate illustraton of model for being biased to flat class.
Fig. 9 is the aggregate illustraton of model that the shape description that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is related to is slightly flat class.
Figure 10 is the aggregate illustraton of model that the shape description that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is related to is slightly needle-shaped class.
Figure 11 is that the shape description that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is related to is the aggregate illustraton of model for being biased to needle-shaped class.
Specific implementation mode:
The invention will be further described by way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
The specific embodiment for the aggregate numerical model method for reconstructing that the present embodiment is related to includes making comprising mesh Mark the polishing test specimen of aggregate, obtain aggregate serial section image, calibration and pretreatment serial section image, generate aggregate model, Aggregate model parameter is calculated to go forward side by side row format conversion totally five steps:
(1) the polishing test specimen for including target aggregate is made:Cube body concrete of cast-in-place 100mm × 100mm × 100mm Cube concrete test specimen is placed in after standard curing room conserves 7 days the concrete sample for obtaining including group's aggregate by test block;
(2) aggregate serial section image is obtained:Aggregate polishing test specimen is fixed on equipment for grinding, bistrique is beaten along aggregate It grinds the Z-direction of test specimen successively to dry grind to aggregate polishing test specimen with the polishing spacing of 1mm, the polishing spacing of section passes through mill The amount of feeding control of head shoots section using digital camera after the completion of every layer of section polishing, and acquisition interlamellar spacing is 1mm Aggregate serial section image:
(3) calibrate and pre-process serial section image:Aggregate serial section image is carried out using three anchor point alignment methods Calibration, when due to aggregate polishing test specimen layering polishing, each layer of profile image of shooting cannot be guaranteed to be registrated in interlayer, due to figure As shooting when influenced by various factors, as the angle of video camera, distance and direction, object space movement and other because Element causes image error occur, needs to be registrated image, chooses in specimen holder mechanism close to the three of heterogeneous material test specimen A control point as datum mark, three datum marks not point-blank, when serial section image is imaged, each profile image Including these three datum marks, select a wherein width standard picture as benchmark image, remaining profile image is image subject to registration, mark Quasi- image is the image that angle, distance, direction and object space in serial section image meets sets requirement, image registration It is the process for seeking one-to-one mapping between image and standard picture subject to registration, is that will correspond to the same position in space in two images The point set connects, and three in image subject to registration control point should be overlapped with three datum marks in benchmark image, according to control The position of system point carries out geometric transformation to calculate the relationship of space reflection, then with the relationship of space reflection to image subject to registration, In MATLAB (matrix labotstory), the registration of Z-direction is carried out to serial section image using cpselect functions interactive tool, Obtain registration result;The anchor point for being not belonging to porous concrete specimens profile image is contained when shooting, utilizes Photoshop (figures As processing software), image proplus (image analysis software) carry out unified image to the serial section image after registration and cut It cuts out, crops the useless region for including anchor point around serial section image, retain the concrete sample polishing region for needing to analyze Serial section image, the serial section image gray processing after cutting out handles and is converted to bianry image, wherein white area For aggregate, black region is cementitious material, completes the calibration and pretreatment of serial section image;
(4) aggregate model is generated:
(1) it is to ensure that image pixel (pixel) is consistent with the true ratio of aggregate scale, figure is carried out to serial section image As the conversion reckoning of pixel and true aggregate size, it is three-dimensional to import Mimics (medical image control system) in serial section image X-axis, the scanning resolution of Y-axis and Z axis are inputted during reconstruction software, point coordinates on image (x ', y ') correspondence is really cut The corresponding point coordinates (x, y) of on piece, according to prediction equationWith X=0.25mm, y=0.25mm is calculated, result of calculation indicates the picture size that each pixel of image is included, x-axis and y-axis Scanning resolution be 0.25mm, z-axis scanning resolution is the spacing 1mm of profile image;
(2) Threshold segmentation, extracts the aggregate Area generation aggregate mask of white, and monomer aggregate test specimen directly extracts white area Domain, group's aggregate test specimen need first to judge whether white area derives from same aggregate in different two dimensional images, and deterministic process is logical Software programming realization is crossed, the centre of form distance of any amount aggregate is compared with two aggregate maximum radius, two aggregate centre of form distances Judge that two aggregates come from same aggregate less than any one aggregate radius, using intensity value ranges definition with it is manual retouch to take be combined Method extract the white area of same aggregate and save as same mask, portion is adhered to different aggregate in serial section image Divide mask to pass through mask edit operation and carries out manual pruning and segmentation;
(3) 3D calculating is carried out respectively to different masks, the aggregate zone boundary fitting under identical mask is become into matrix form Preliminary three-dimensional data model, be fitted generation preliminary three-dimensional data model be initial aggregate surface grids data model;
(4) to step (3) generate primary aggregate surface grids data model carry out fairing, mesh generation and package processing with Accurate aggregate surface grids data model is obtained, accurate aggregate surface grids data model is filled, is obtained based on true The volume mesh data model of aggregate;
(5) calculate aggregate model parameter go forward side by side row format conversion:The CAD area of computer aided provided by Mimics softwares Mapping software interface, dxf formats the answering in order to aggregate model database for converting under CAD aggregate volume mesh data model to With, or the FEA finite element analysis software interfaces that are provided by Mimics softwares, it converts aggregate volume mesh data model to limited Format needed for meta analysis carries out the analysis of aggregate mechanical property.
Embodiment 2:
The aggregate model that the present embodiment builds embodiment 1 carries out model X-direction, the short axle of Y direction and Z-direction The geometric parameter of distance, long axis distance, volume, surface area and the mass cg coordinate determined based on model coordinate frame is carried It takes, as a result such as table 1 (mm):
, aggregate form factor, the indirect form parameter of circularity, needle degree and flatness are calculated according to the geometric parameter of extraction, As a result such as table 2:
, indirect form parameter integrate and sorts out the shape feature for judging aggregate;To aggregate model in Tables 1 and 2 Parameter carries out classification integration, and establishes true aggregate model database in this approach, is thrown at random for aggregate Concrete numerical model is put and established, the numerical simulation study of concrete is provided beneficial to help.
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