CN108267218A - A kind of adaptive Variable sampling method and device of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring - Google Patents

A kind of adaptive Variable sampling method and device of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108267218A
CN108267218A CN201810190347.5A CN201810190347A CN108267218A CN 108267218 A CN108267218 A CN 108267218A CN 201810190347 A CN201810190347 A CN 201810190347A CN 108267218 A CN108267218 A CN 108267218A
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China
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vibration
vibration signal
accumulation
mechanical equipment
fault characteristic
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段礼祥
张来斌
陈瑞典
谢梦云
王金江
刘洋
秦天飞
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H11/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
    • G01H11/06Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of adaptive Variable sampling method and device of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring, and this method includes:The vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;Time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out respectively to the vibration signal, it is whether abnormal with the corresponding vibration severity for confirming the mechanical equipment and fault characteristic frequency amplitude;When the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, adaptively improves the sample rate of next sampling;When the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, the sample rate of next sampling is adaptively reduced.The embodiment of the present application can reduce mechanical equipment vibration system energy consumption monitoring function and data volume, and with preferable versatility.

Description

A kind of adaptive Variable sampling method and device of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring
Technical field
This application involves mechanical equipment vibration monitoring technical field, more particularly, to a kind of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring Adaptive Variable sampling method and device.
Background technology
In traditional mechanical equipment vibration signal acquisition, the highest event generally according to Nyquist law to be likely to occur Hinder frequency to set fixed sample rate.However the vibration frequency of mechanical equipment is relatively low in normal state, excessively high sample rate meeting Increase data redundancy, increase acquisition system energy consumption.The limitation be especially embodied in energy consumption control is required it is very stringent wireless In sensing network.In sensor node, the energy consumption of data transmission will be far longer than data processing, therefore can be by reducing number The energy consumption under finite bandwidth sensor network is reduced according to the method for transmission quantity.
At present, the method for reducing data volume is broadly divided into data compression and self-adapting data sampling.Wherein, so-called data Compression, such as can be that the research based on compressed sensing sampling technique so that data acquisition can be less than nyquist sampling rate Under conditions of carry out, be referred to as sub- nyquist sampling, common sub- Nyquist mainly includes random demodulation device (Radom Demodulator, abbreviation RD), more coset (Multi-Coset, abbreviation MC) sampling and modulation wide-band transducer (Modulated Wideband Converter, abbreviation MWC) three kinds of system frameworks.However, these methods and adaptive field is not belonging to, and This method is very stringent to the design requirement of acquisition terminal system peripherals hardware circuit, realizes more difficult.
And it is devised in self-adapting data acquisition field, HUANG Ru and Zheng Yang et al. based on time series forecasting Model it is adaptively sampled, constantly adjust sample rate using prior information, this method is relatively specific for the slow field of signal intensity It closes, versatility is poor.Z.L.Wang devises one kind with optical fiber temperature for the distributed satellite systems system based on Raman scattering The self-adapting data acquisition method of changes in distribution and Variable sampling is spent, this method is only applicable to this measuring system, significantly limits Its versatility.
Invention content
The embodiment of the present application is designed to provide a kind of adaptive strain of generally applicable mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring The method of sampling and device reduce mechanical equipment vibration system energy consumption monitoring function and data volume to realize.
In order to achieve the above objectives, on the one hand, the embodiment of the present application provides oneself of a kind of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring Variable sampling method is adapted to, including:
The vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;
Time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out respectively to the vibration signal, with the corresponding vibration for confirming the mechanical equipment Whether earthquake intensity and fault characteristic frequency amplitude are abnormal;
When the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, adaptively improves adopting for next sampling Sample rate;
When the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, adopting for next sampling is adaptively reduced Sample rate.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, further includes:
The vibration signal acquired in specified time section is subjected to signal reconstruction.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, it is described that the vibration is believed Number carry out time-domain analysis, including:
Vibration severity is obtained according to the vibration signal;
According to preset accumulation and algorithm judge the first exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time with whether More than preset first threshold, and judge whether the vibration severity is more than preset second threshold;
It is more than the second threshold when the described first exceeded accumulation and more than the first threshold or the vibration severity When, confirm that the vibration severity of the mechanical equipment is abnormal.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, it is described that the vibration is believed Number carry out frequency-domain analysis, including:
Fault characteristic frequency amplitude is obtained according to the vibration signal;
Judge fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time according to preset accumulation and algorithm second exceeded is tired out It accumulates and whether is more than preset third threshold value;
When the described second exceeded accumulation and during more than the third threshold value, the fault characteristic frequency of the mechanical equipment is confirmed Amplitude is abnormal.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, it is described according to preset tired Product and algorithm judge the first exceeded accumulation of the vibration severity in the range of specified time and whether are more than preset first threshold, packet It includes:
According to formula Zn=(Zn-1+xn-k)+Determine the vibration severity in the range of specified time first it is exceeded accumulation and;
Root formulaJudge the described first exceeded accumulation and whether be more than preset first threshold;
Wherein, xnFor n-th of vibration severity;K is the initial mean value of vibration severity;ZnFor xnThe first of the vibration severity of-k Exceeded accumulation and positive value;Z is worked as in the expression of subscript plus sigen-1+xn-k>When 0, (Zn-1+xn-k)+=Zn-1+xn- k works as Zn-1+xn-k≤0 When, (Zn-1+xn-k)+=0;fh(Zn) it is vibration severity abnormal function;H is first threshold.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, it is described according to preset tired Whether product and algorithm judge the second exceeded accumulation of fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time and more than preset the Three threshold values, including:
According to formula Zn'=(Zn-1'+xn'-k')+Determine second of the fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time It is exceeded accumulation and;
Root formulaJudge the described second exceeded accumulation and whether be more than preset third threshold Value;
Wherein, xn' it is preceding n fault characteristic frequency amplitude sequence;K' is the initial mean value of fault characteristic frequency amplitude;Zn' For xn'-k' fault characteristic frequency amplitude the second exceeded accumulation and positive value;Z is worked as in the expression of subscript plus sigen-1'+xn'-k'>When 0, (Zn-1'+xn'-k')+=Zn-1'+xn'-k', work as Zn-1'+xn'-k'≤0 when, (Zn-1'+xn'-k')+=0;fh(Zn) ' special for failure Levy frequency amplitude abnormal function;H' is third threshold value.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, further includes:
First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time and during less than four threshold values, according to formula Ta(n +1)←Ta(n)+α increases present sample length;
First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time and during more than four threshold values, according to formula Ta(n +1)←Ta(n) × β reduces present sample length;
Wherein, the 4th threshold value is less than the first threshold;Ta(n) it is present sample length;Ta(n+1) it is adopted to be next Sample length;α increases the factor, and α > 0 for additivity;β reduces the factor, and 1 for multiplying property>β>0.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, it is described by specified time section The vibration signal of interior acquisition carries out signal reconstruction, including:
According to preset interpolating function, by its sample rate in the vibration signal acquired in specified time section less than specified sampling The vibration signal of rate is reconstructed into corresponding vibration signal during using the specified sample rate as sample rate.
The adaptive Variable sampling method of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application, the interpolating function include Sinc interpolating functions.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of adaptive Variable sampling device of mechanical equipment vibration signal, packet It includes:
Vibration signals collecting module, for the vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;
Analysis of vibration signal module, for carrying out time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis respectively to the vibration signal, with correspondence Confirm whether vibration severity and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude of the mechanical equipment are abnormal;
Sampling adjustment module, it is adaptive for when the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception The sample rate of next sampling should be improved;And when the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, from Adapt to reduce the sample rate of next sampling.
By above technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application as it can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, in collection machinery equipment After vibration signal, by carrying out time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis respectively to vibration signal, it can correspond to and confirm shaking for mechanical equipment Whether dynamic earthquake intensity and fault characteristic frequency amplitude are abnormal;It is adaptive when vibration severity exception or fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception The sample rate of next sampling should be improved;When vibration severity is abnormal and fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, adaptively reduce next The sample rate of sampling;It is achieved thereby that can according to the operating status of mechanical equipment adaptive Variable sampling, thus reduce number According to collection capacity, the energy consumption of acquisition system and storage resource pressure are greatly reduced, and have the advantages that sensitive to fault-signal.And And the embodiment of the present application for signal intensity slowly and applicable scene does not have particular requirement, accordingly, with respect to the prior art, With good versatility.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or it will show below There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this Some embodiments described in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise of not making the creative labor property Under, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached drawings.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the method flow of the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring in one embodiment of the application Figure;
Fig. 2 is the adaptively sampled schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is the CUSUM modular concept figures in the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 a~Fig. 4 b are respectively the original signal of normal signal and the time-domain diagram of sampling results in one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 5 a~Fig. 5 b are respectively the original signal of fault-signal and the time-domain diagram of sampling results in one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 6 is the vibration severity of signal after 4 groups of sampling in one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 7 a~Fig. 7 b are respectively the time-domain diagram of original signal and reconstruction signal in one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 8 a~Fig. 8 b are respectively the spectrogram of original signal and reconstruction signal in one embodiment of the application;
Fig. 9 is the passband value of signal after 4 groups of reconstruct in one embodiment of the application;
Figure 10 is the structure diagram of the adaptive Variable sampling device of mechanical equipment vibration signal in one embodiment of the application;
Figure 11 is the structure diagram of the adaptive Variable sampling device of mechanical equipment vibration signal in another embodiment of the application.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality The attached drawing in example is applied, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation Example is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field is common Technical staff's all other embodiments obtained without creative efforts should all belong to the application protection Range.Such as in being described below, second component is formed above the first component, the first component and second component can be included The embodiment formed in a manner of being in direct contact can also include the first component and second component in a manner of non-direct contact (i.e. the Can also include additional component between one component and second component) embodiment etc. that is formed.
Moreover, for ease of description, the embodiment of the present application can use such as " in ... top ", " ... under ", " top The spatially relative terms such as portion ", " lower section ", with description such as each element shown in the drawings of embodiment or component with another (or Other) relationship between element or component.It should be understood that other than the orientation described in attached drawing, space is with respect to art Language also aims to the different direction including device in use or operation.Such as if the device in attached drawing is reversed, and is described as The element or component of " " other elements or component " below " or " under ", will then be positioned as " " other elements or component " top " or " on ".
In order to retain the effective information of original signal, and ensure that sampled signal can be rebuild without distortion, according to how Kui Si Tedinglv, the sample frequency at any moment all have to be larger than 2 times of original signal highest analysis frequency.However, realizing this During application, present inventor, which studies, to be found:During actual machine equipment operation, be disturbed, variable working condition and The influence of the factors such as equipment fault, highest analysis frequency is not often a fixed constant.Moreover, when mechanical equipment is run When state changes, the frequency and amplitude ingredient of vibration signal can also change correspondingly.Therefore, in one embodiment of the application, The lower self-adapting data acquisition scheme of mechanical equipment state monitoring, can come from variation of both signal frequency ingredient and vibration severity Quantitative analysis is carried out, so as to instruct the adaptive Variable sampling of system.
In order to obtain the information of current demand signal in time, the embodiment of the present application can be gone forward side by side with impulse sampling to obtain data Row analysis.Wherein, impulse sampling is interruption, acyclic, and sample rates values can be likely to occur event according to mechanical equipment The highest of barrier analyzes frequency to set.As shown in Fig. 2, in Fig. 2, abscissa is the sampling time, and ordinate is amplitude.When passing through When the data that analysis impulse sampling obtains show that mechanical equipment is in normal operating condition, next sampling need to can only set relatively low Sample rate, to reduce almost unconverted data volume, so as to reduce energy consumption;And it is set when going out machinery by impulse sampling data analysis For when breaking down, next sampling can instruct acquisition system to increase sample rate, to obtain more more detailed letters of malfunction Breath.In addition, in some embodiments, the interval between impulse sampling is one can sample the wave for obtaining data according to current PRF Traverse degree is come the variable that sets (specifically see hereafter).
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 1, based on above-mentioned principle, the adaptive strain of the mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring of the embodiment of the present application The method of sampling may comprise steps of:
The vibration signal of S101, collection machinery equipment.
It, can be first for the machine specifically monitored before the vibration signal of collection machinery equipment in one embodiment of the application Tool equipment sets initial parameter, such as equipment fault characteristic frequency, inceptive impulse sampling interval value, vibration threshold.It is basic herein On carry out the acquisition of vibration signal again.
S102, time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out respectively to the vibration signal, confirms the mechanical equipment with corresponding Vibration severity and fault characteristic frequency amplitude it is whether abnormal.Time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are illustrated respectively below.
(1) time-domain analysis
In one embodiment of the application, time-domain analysis can be evaluated using absolute criterion and opposite criterion simultaneously The operating status of mechanical equipment.Wherein, it can be to same equipment with respect to criterion, parameter is periodically carried out at same position Measure, and be in chronological sequence compared, using normal condition under the method that is judged as original value of vibration severity.It is and exhausted Criterion can be judged by calculating vibration severity and relatively it with predetermined threshold value.
Since in some cases, mechanical equipment may at a time contingency fluctuate, but mechanical equipment is real Border and fault-free, if at this point, may will individually be judged by accident using absolute criterion.In addition, as mechanical equipment one is opened Begin be exactly failure (i.e. its initial vibration earthquake intensity is bigger), but this vibration severity changes and not bery bright within a certain period of time It is aobvious, at this moment if may will be individually mistaken for using opposite criterion normal.Therefore, in order to avoid erroneous judgement, judgement is improved Accuracy can evaluate the operating status of mechanical equipment using absolute criterion and opposite criterion simultaneously.
The influence of factors such as it is disturbed, when mechanical equipment to malfunction by normally changing, it may appear that actually calculate Vibration severity at the standard critical above and below the phenomenon that fluctuating, which can cause sample rate frequently to change, and be not easy to follow-up data Reconstruct and analysis.Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the fluctuating change of detection data, can examine in unstable, interference environment Consider using mathematical statistics method.For this problem, above-mentioned opposite criterion can be used accumulation and (Cumulative Sum, CUSUM) algorithm idea realizes that principle at this time can not reflect as shown in figure 3, when vibration severity is beyond vibration initial value k It is set to unit exception, but superscale is added up, alarm knot is just provided when continuous aggregate-value exceeds given threshold h By.
Therefore, it is described that following step can be included to vibration signal progress time-domain analysis in one embodiment of the application Suddenly:
First, vibration severity is obtained according to the vibration signal.Generally, in one timing of Oscillation Amplitude, frequency is higher, shakes Dynamic earthquake intensity is bigger.Therefore, corresponding vibration severity can be determined according to collected vibration signal.
Secondly, judged according to preset accumulation and algorithm the first exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time with Whether it is more than preset first threshold, and judges whether the vibration severity is more than preset second threshold.Specifically,
It is described according to preset accumulation and algorithm judge the first exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time with Whether preset first threshold is more than, including:
1) according to CUSUM models Zn=(Zn-1+xn-k)+Determine the first exceeded tired of the vibration severity in the range of specified time Product and;
2) root formulaJudge the described first exceeded accumulation and whether be more than preset first threshold Value.
In one embodiment of the application, xnFor n-th of vibration severity;K is the initial mean value of vibration severity;ZnFor xn- k's First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity and positive value, Zn>Illustrate that vibration severity changes during h, if Zn≤ h then illustrates vibration severity It is not abnormal;Z is worked as in the expression of subscript plus sigen-1+xn-k>When 0, (Zn-1+xn-k)+=Zn-1+xn- k works as Zn-1+xnDuring-k≤0, (Zn-1+xn-k)+=0;fh(Zn) it is vibration severity abnormal function;H is first threshold.
In one embodiment of the application, second threshold can be based on relevant national standard (such as GB/T29531- 2013 etc.) or professional standard is set.
Then, it is more than described second when the described first exceeded accumulation and more than the first threshold or the vibration severity During threshold value, confirm that the vibration severity of the mechanical equipment is abnormal.
(2) frequency-domain analysis
It is similar, the influence of factors such as it is disturbed, when mechanical equipment to malfunction by normally changing, it may appear that practical The failure-frequency characteristic value of calculating at the standard critical above and below the phenomenon that fluctuating, which can cause sample rate frequently to change, no It is easy to the reconstruct and analysis of follow-up data.Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, frequency-domain analysis, which may be used, can be used accumulation and algorithm Thought is realized.Specifically, it may include following steps:
First, fault characteristic frequency amplitude is obtained according to the vibration signal;Such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can be passed through (FFT) etc., the vibration signal for collecting time domain is converted into frequency-region signal;Fault characteristic frequency can be obtained according to frequency-region signal Amplitude.Wherein, fault characteristic frequency amplitude refers to the amplitude corresponding to fault characteristic frequency, for a specific mechanical equipment For, it can determine its fault characteristic frequency beforehand through means such as calculating.
Secondly, the second surpassing for the fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time is judged according to preset accumulation and algorithm Mark is accumulated and whether is more than preset third threshold value;Specifically,
1) according to formula Zn'=(Zn-1'+xn'-k')+Determine of the fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time Two it is exceeded accumulation and;
2) root formulaJudge the described second exceeded accumulation and whether be more than preset third Threshold value.
Wherein, xn' it is preceding n fault characteristic frequency amplitude sequence;K' is the initial mean value of fault characteristic frequency amplitude;Zn' For xn'-k' fault characteristic frequency amplitude the second exceeded accumulation and positive value;Zn-1' it is xn-1'-k' fault characteristic frequency width Second exceeded accumulation of value and positive value;Z is worked as in the expression of subscript plus sigen-1'+xn'-k'>When 0, (Zn-1'+xn'-k')+=Zn-1'+xn'- K' works as Zn-1'+xn'-k'≤0 when, (Zn-1'+xn'-k')+=0;fh(Zn) ' it is fault characteristic frequency amplitude abnormal function;H' is Third threshold value.
When the described second exceeded accumulation and during more than the third threshold value, the fault characteristic frequency of the mechanical equipment is confirmed Amplitude is abnormal.
S103, when the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, adaptively improves next adopt The sample rate of sample.
In one embodiment of the application, when the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, table The possible operation troubles of bright equipment in order to obtain more multiple faults relevant information, can improve the sample rate of next sampling to specified High sampling rate.
S104, when the abnormal and described fault characteristic frequency amplitude of the vibration severity is normal, adaptively reduce next adopt The sample rate of sample.
In one embodiment of the application, when the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, table The possible normal operation of bright equipment, and sampled data is substantially unchanged in normal state, therefore in order to reduce volume of transmitted data, it can The sample rate of next sampling is reduced to the low sampling rate specified.
In one embodiment of the application, the interval time between two neighboring impulse sampling is referred to as impulse sampling length Ta Further to strengthen the adaptation function of Variable sampling, retention time TaCan be one can according to the degree of fluctuation of current demand signal come The variable of setting, even current device operate steadily, then can suitably increase the retention time, to realize the mesh for being further reduced data 's.Conversely, it can then reduce the retention time.Such as in one exemplary embodiment, this dynamic adjustment can for example be based on additivity Increase multiplying property and reduce the thought of (AIMD) algorithm to realize.Specifically:
First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time and during less than four threshold values, according to formula Ta(n +1)←Ta(n)+α increases present sample length;
First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time and during more than four threshold values, according to formula Ta(n +1)←Ta(n) × β reduces present sample length;
Wherein, the 4th threshold value is less than the first threshold;Ta(n) it is present sample length;Ta(n+1) it is adopted to be next Sample length;α increases the factor, and α > 0 for additivity;β reduces the factor, and 1 for multiplying property>β>0.
In one embodiment of the application, can also the vibration signal that acquired in specified time section be subjected to signal reconstruction.This Be because, perform the embodiment of the present application method after, stored in database high sampling rate mixed with low sampling rate it is homologous Isomeric data for the ease of data analysis and equipment fault diagnosis, needs that down-sampled data are reconstructed, that is, is ensureing weight In the case of structure raw information, the data volume of low sampling rate is made to be restored to the data volume of high sampling rate.It therefore can be according to preset Its sample rate in the vibration signal acquired in specified time section is less than the vibration signal of specified sample rate, reconstruct by interpolating function Corresponding vibration signal during for using the specified sample rate as sample rate.
In one exemplary embodiment, such as Sinc interpolating functions can be used down-sampled data is restored, Sinc Interpolation method is the data work encryption sampled point processing for meeting sampling thheorem to oneself.Specifically,
If x (n Δs t) be sampling after value, x (m δ t) be the moment to be restored value, m be interpolation sequential labeling, wherein δ t For the sampling interval of original signal, then Δ t=L δ t, m=n can be set0L+j(n0=0,1 ..., L-1), wherein n0For initial data Sequential labeling, and k=n0- n, corresponding interpolation formula are as follows:
Above formula shows that m δ can be restored according to the value of n time Δts using the signal after sampling and Sinc function finite discretes item The value of t moment.
It can be seen that compared with traditional fixed sample and existing adaptively sampled method, the embodiment of the present application it is adaptive Answer data collection strategy be relatively specific for machine performance monitoring etc. high sampling rates occasion, can according to the operating status of equipment and Adaptive Variable sampling so as to reduce data collection capacity, has the advantages that sensitive to fault-signal, and can greatly reduce and adopt The energy consumption of collecting system and storage resource pressure.And the scheme of the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and the scope of application is wider.Through reality Example verification, the vibration data amount that can make normal condition using the scheme of the embodiment of the present application reduce nearly 75%.And it is down-sampled after Temporal signatures be basically unchanged, the data after reconstruct characterize the normal operation of equipment in the basic free of losses of low-frequency band enough.
It is illustrated below using centrifugal pumping apparatus as research object.Take certain oil transfer pump in six months from just Normal operating condition carries out emulation experiment verification to the vibration data to break down to the algorithm.
Centrifugal pump model ZMI480/02 (A), rated speed 2980rpm, rolling bearing are Aktiebolaget SKF's model 6313, Lobe numbers are 4.Its bearing fault frequency according to document formula calculate its low frequency fault characteristic frequency about 20Hz, 50Hz, 100Hz、150Hz、200Hz、250Hz。
(1) parameter setting
The value that this example sets add factor α Yu multiply sex factor β according to classical AIMD is adjusted according to many experiments result Fluctuation threshold is λ and alarm threshold value h, and threshold optimization problem is no longer discussed in detail herein, and design parameter value is as shown in table 1:
1 parameter setting of table
(2) interpretation of result
(1) adaptation function
Sample rate is adaptively adjusted according to the operating status of equipment in order to verify whether the method for the embodiment of the present application has Function, now take centrifugal pumping apparatus normally with two groups of vibration datas of malfunction carry out emulation experiment, simulation result such as Fig. 4 a Shown in~Fig. 4 b and Fig. 5 a~Fig. 5 b.In Fig. 4 a~Fig. 4 b and Fig. 5 a~Fig. 5 b, abscissa is the sample time, and ordinate is width Value.Fig. 4 a are the time-domain diagram of normal original signal, and Fig. 4 b are the time-domain diagram of signal after sampling, it can be seen that the oscillogram after sampling Slightly change, packing density reduces.Illustrating the method for the embodiment of the present application has normal data adaptive reduction sample rate Function.Fig. 5 a are the time-domain diagram of primary fault signal, and Fig. 5 b are the time-domain diagram of signal after sampling, it can be seen that the waveform after sampling Any change does not occur with packing density, illustrates that, when device fails, which adaptively sets maximum sampling Rate.So as to it demonstrate the adaptive Variable sampling function of the method for the embodiment of the present application.
The another data taken under four groups of equipment normal operations, calculate its it is down-sampled after ime domain virtual value, result of calculation It is compared with initial data as shown in fig. 6, as can be seen that virtual value and initial data after sampling compared with numerical value in Fig. 6 Virtual value is of substantially equal, i.e., it is down-sampled after data energy conversion unit operating status, remain raw information.
(3) data reconstruction
In order to verify the accuracy of data reconstruction, the data that this example is first had chosen under four groups of equipment normal operations are led to Crossing adaptive Variable sampling algorithm realizes down-sampled, and the data after sampling has been carried out with interpolation reconstruction, one of which reconstruct number According to initial data time domain, frequency domain figure comparison is respectively as shown in Fig. 7 a~Fig. 7 b and Fig. 8 a~Fig. 8 b.In Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b, Abscissa is the sampling time, and ordinate is amplitude;In Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b, abscissa is frequency, and ordinate is amplitude.From Fig. 7 a Suitable with initial data with the time-domain diagram of Fig. 7 b oscillogram packing density that can be seen that reconstruct, waveform variation is little.From Fig. 8 a It can be seen that with the frequency domain figure of Fig. 8 b, compared with original signal, data after reconstruct, only can be in height in the basic free of losses of low-frequency band Frequency band occurs information and loses.And the change of equipment radio-frequency component and temporal signatures value is often with the variation of low-frequency component, therefore Under equipment normal operation, only sample rate need to be instructed, and be not related to by detecting, calculating the fault characteristic frequency value of low frequency Heart high frequency frequency division, you can low sampling rate to be set to obtain the information of equipment normal operating condition.
Then, the passband value of frequency band within four groups of 1kHz is calculated as shown in figure 9, can relatively be obtained by the numerical value in Fig. 9, Low frequency passband value difference very little compared with initial data of data, it is lossless further quantitatively to demonstrate low-frequency information after reconstruct Conclusion.
Refering to what is shown in Fig. 10, a kind of adaptive Variable sampling device of mechanical equipment vibration signal of the embodiment of the present application can be with Including:
Vibration signals collecting module 11 can be used for the vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;
Analysis of vibration signal module 12 can be used for carrying out time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis respectively to the vibration signal, It is whether abnormal with the corresponding vibration severity for confirming the mechanical equipment and fault characteristic frequency amplitude;
Sampling adjustment module 13 can be used for when the vibration severity is abnormal or the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is abnormal When, adaptively improve the sample rate of next sampling;And when the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude just Chang Shi adaptively reduces the sample rate of next sampling.
In one embodiment of the application, sampled signal reconstructed module 14 can also be included, can be used for specified time section The vibration signal of interior acquisition carries out signal reconstruction.
With reference to shown in figure 11, the adaptive Variable sampling device of another mechanical equipment vibration signal of the embodiment of the present application can To include memory, processor and the computer program being stored on the memory, the computer program is by the place Following steps are performed during reason device operation:
The vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;
Time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out respectively to the vibration signal, with the corresponding vibration for confirming the mechanical equipment Whether earthquake intensity and fault characteristic frequency amplitude are abnormal;
When the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, adaptively improves adopting for next sampling Sample rate;
When the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, adopting for next sampling is adaptively reduced Sample rate.
Although procedures described above flow includes the multiple operations occurred with particular order, it should however be appreciated that understand, These processes can include more or fewer operations, these operations can be performed sequentially or be performed parallel (such as using parallel Processor or multi-thread environment).
For convenience of description, it is divided into various units during description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.Certainly, implementing this The function of each unit is realized can in the same or multiple software and or hardware during application.
The present invention be with reference to according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, the flow of equipment (system) and computer program product Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that it can be realized by computer program instructions every first-class in flowchart and/or the block diagram The combination of flow and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.These computer programs can be provided The processor of all-purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices is instructed to produce A raw machine so that the instruction performed by computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices is generated for real The device of function specified in present one flow of flow chart or one box of multiple flows and/or block diagram or multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, can guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works so that the instruction generation being stored in the computer-readable memory includes referring to Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one flow of flow chart or multiple flows and/or one box of block diagram or The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions can be also loaded into computer or other programmable data processing devices so that counted Series of operation steps are performed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, so as in computer or The instruction offer performed on other programmable devices is used to implement in one flow of flow chart or multiple flows and/or block diagram one The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
In a typical configuration, computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interface, net Network interface and memory.
Memory may include computer-readable medium in volatile memory, random access memory (RAM) and/or The forms such as Nonvolatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM).Memory is computer-readable medium Example.
Computer-readable medium includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media can be by any method Or technology come realize information store.Information can be computer-readable instruction, data structure, the module of program or other data. The example of the storage medium of computer includes, but are not limited to phase transition internal memory (PRAM), static RAM (SRAM), moves State random access memory (DRAM), other kinds of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electric erasable Programmable read only memory (EEPROM), fast flash memory bank or other memory techniques, CD-ROM read-only memory (CD-ROM), Digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storages, magnetic tape cassette, the storage of tape magnetic rigid disk or other magnetic storage apparatus Or any other non-transmission medium, available for storing the information that can be accessed by a computing device.It defines, calculates according to herein Machine readable medium does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as data-signal and carrier wave of modulation.
It should also be noted that, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to nonexcludability Comprising so that process, method or equipment including a series of elements not only include those elements, but also including not There is the other element being expressly recited or further include as this process, method or the intrinsic element of equipment.Do not having more In the case of more limitations, the element that is limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that in the process including the element, side Also there are other identical elements in method or equipment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiments herein can be provided as method, system or computer program product. Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or the embodiment in terms of combining software and hardware can be used in the application Form.It is deposited moreover, the application can be used to can be used in one or more computers for wherein including computer usable program code The shape of computer program product that storage media is implemented on (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) Formula.
The application can be described in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as program Module.Usually, program module includes routines performing specific tasks or implementing specific abstract data types, program, object, group Part, data structure etc..The application can also be put into practice in a distributed computing environment, in these distributed computing environment, by Task is performed and connected remote processing devices by communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be with In the local and remote computer storage media including storage device.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, identical similar portion between each embodiment Point just to refer each other, and the highlights of each of the examples are difference from other examples.Especially for system reality For applying example, since it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so description is fairly simple, related part is referring to embodiment of the method Part explanation.
The foregoing is merely embodiments herein, are not limited to the application.For those skilled in the art For, the application can have various modifications and variations.All any modifications made within spirit herein and principle are equal Replace, improve etc., it should be included within the scope of claims hereof.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring, which is characterized in that including:
The vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;
Time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis are carried out respectively to the vibration signal, with the corresponding vibration severity for confirming the mechanical equipment And whether fault characteristic frequency amplitude is abnormal;
When the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, adaptively improves the sampling of next sampling Rate;
When the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, the sampling of next sampling is adaptively reduced Rate.
2. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that also wrap It includes:
The vibration signal acquired in specified time section is subjected to signal reconstruction.
3. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described Time-domain analysis is carried out to the vibration signal, including:
Vibration severity is obtained according to the vibration signal;
The first exceeded accumulation of the vibration severity in the range of specified time is judged according to preset accumulation and algorithm and whether is more than Preset first threshold, and judge whether the vibration severity is more than preset second threshold;
When the described first exceeded accumulation and when being more than the second threshold more than the first threshold or the vibration severity, really The vibration severity for recognizing the mechanical equipment is abnormal.
4. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that It is described that frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the vibration signal, including:
Fault characteristic frequency amplitude is obtained according to the vibration signal;
According to preset accumulation and algorithm judge the second exceeded accumulation of fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time with Whether preset third threshold value is more than;
When the described second exceeded accumulation and during more than the third threshold value, the fault characteristic frequency amplitude of the mechanical equipment is confirmed It is abnormal.
5. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described The first exceeded accumulation of the vibration severity in the range of specified time is judged according to preset accumulation and algorithm and whether is more than default First threshold, including:
According to formula Zn=(Zn-1+xn-k)+Determine the vibration severity in the range of specified time first it is exceeded accumulation and;
Root formulaJudge the described first exceeded accumulation and whether be more than preset first threshold;
Wherein, xnFor n-th of vibration severity;K is the initial mean value of vibration severity;ZnFor xnThe first of the vibration severity of-k is exceeded Accumulation and positive value;Z is worked as in the expression of subscript plus sigen-1+xn-k>When 0, (Zn-1+xn-k)+=Zn-1+xn- k works as Zn-1+xnDuring-k≤0, (Zn-1+xn-k)+=0;fh(Zn) it is vibration severity abnormal function;H is first threshold.
6. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described According to preset accumulation and algorithm judge the second exceeded accumulation of fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time with whether More than preset third threshold value, including:
According to formula Zn'=(Zn-1'+xn'-k')+Determine the second exceeded of the fault characteristic frequency amplitude in the range of specified time Accumulation and;
Root formulaJudge the described second exceeded accumulation and whether be more than preset third threshold value;
Wherein, xn' it is preceding n fault characteristic frequency amplitude sequence;K' is the initial mean value of fault characteristic frequency amplitude;Zn' be xn'-k' fault characteristic frequency amplitude the second exceeded accumulation and positive value;Z is worked as in the expression of subscript plus sigen-1'+xn'-k'>When 0, (Zn-1'+xn'-k')+=Zn-1'+xn'-k', work as Zn-1'+xn'-k'≤0 when, (Zn-1'+xn'-k')+=0;fh(Zn) ' special for failure Levy frequency amplitude abnormal function;H' is third threshold value.
7. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that also wrap It includes:
First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time and during less than four threshold values, according to formula Ta(n+1)← Ta(n)+α increases present sample length;
First exceeded accumulation of vibration severity in the range of specified time and during more than four threshold values, according to formula Ta(n+1)← Ta(n) × β reduces present sample length;
Wherein, the 4th threshold value is less than the first threshold;Ta(n) it is present sample length;Ta(n+1) it is grown for next sampling Degree;α increases the factor, and α > 0 for additivity;β reduces the factor, and 1 for multiplying property>β>0.
8. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described The vibration signal acquired in specified time section is subjected to signal reconstruction, including:
According to preset interpolating function, its sample rate in the vibration signal acquired in specified time section is less than specified sample rate Vibration signal is reconstructed into corresponding vibration signal during using the specified sample rate as sample rate.
9. the adaptive Variable sampling method of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that described Interpolating function includes Sinc interpolating functions.
10. a kind of adaptive Variable sampling device of mechanical equipment vibration signal, which is characterized in that including:
Vibration signals collecting module, for the vibration signal of collection machinery equipment;
Analysis of vibration signal module for carrying out time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis respectively to the vibration signal, is confirmed with corresponding Whether the vibration severity and fault characteristic frequency amplitude of the mechanical equipment are abnormal;
Sampling adjustment module, for when the vibration severity is abnormal or during the fault characteristic frequency amplitude exception, adaptively carries The sample rate of high next sampling;And when the vibration severity is abnormal and the fault characteristic frequency amplitude is normal, adaptively Reduce the sample rate of next sampling.
CN201810190347.5A 2018-03-08 2018-03-08 A kind of adaptive Variable sampling method and device of mechanical equipment vibration signal monitoring Pending CN108267218A (en)

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CN110849461A (en) * 2019-12-04 2020-02-28 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 Phase modulator vibration signal acquisition and storage method and system
CN111609916A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-09-01 山东大学 OFDR distributed vibration sensing detection method based on compressed sensing
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CN112502031A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-16 河海大学 Self-adaptive anti-seismic noise reduction method and device and bridge pier
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CN108896309A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-11-27 安徽工业大学 A kind of on-line monitoring system for low-speed heave-load device
CN109324267A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-02-12 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 Distribution line fault point positioning method and device based on double sampled rate
CN111687688A (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-22 株式会社理光 Detection device, detection method, storage medium, and computer device
CN110542474A (en) * 2019-09-04 2019-12-06 中国科学院上海高等研究院 Method, system, medium, and apparatus for detecting vibration signal of device
CN110849461A (en) * 2019-12-04 2020-02-28 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 Phase modulator vibration signal acquisition and storage method and system
CN110849461B (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-08-31 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 Phase modulator vibration signal acquisition and storage method and system
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CN111609916B (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-04-23 山东大学 OFDR distributed vibration sensing detection method based on compressed sensing
CN111965456A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-11-20 红相股份有限公司 Method for diagnosing mechanical fault of electrical equipment
CN112033669B (en) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-15 南京大学 DAS-based fault monitoring method for grooved carrier roller of belt conveyor
CN112033669A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-04 南京大学 DAS-based fault monitoring method for grooved carrier roller of belt conveyor
CN112502031A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-16 河海大学 Self-adaptive anti-seismic noise reduction method and device and bridge pier
CN113107831A (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-07-13 中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司 Method, device and equipment for monitoring state and service life of water feed pump and storage medium
CN113107831B (en) * 2021-03-01 2023-02-28 中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司 Method, device and equipment for monitoring state and service life of water feed pump and storage medium
CN113341920A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-09-03 三一重机有限公司 Working machine fault early warning method and device, working machine and electronic equipment
CN113703401A (en) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-26 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 Configuration method and device of anomaly detection algorithm, electronic equipment and storage medium
CN113703401B (en) * 2021-07-28 2023-05-09 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 Configuration method and device of anomaly detection algorithm, electronic equipment and storage medium
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Application publication date: 20180710