CN108260491B - Cultivation method of winter sowing burdock - Google Patents
Cultivation method of winter sowing burdock Download PDFInfo
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- CN108260491B CN108260491B CN201810334717.8A CN201810334717A CN108260491B CN 108260491 B CN108260491 B CN 108260491B CN 201810334717 A CN201810334717 A CN 201810334717A CN 108260491 B CN108260491 B CN 108260491B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for burdock sowed in winter, which is characterized in that burdock seeds are sown in Yuansue dry and covered by double-color mulching films, the burdock seeds are listed in ten days from 8 months in the growing period to 10 months in the middle of 9 months, the yield per mu is 2000-2500 kg, the qualified product rate is 95%, the S grade is 10%, the 2M grade is 25%, the M grade is 35%, the L grade is 25%, and the 2L grade is less than 5%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of burdock, in particular to a cultivation method of burdock suitable for winter sowing.
Background
The burdock has rich nutrient components, is a health food with homology of medicine and food since ancient times, is eaten by fleshy roots, contains inulin, polysaccharide, saponin, flavonoid glycoside, dietary fiber, polyphenols such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, some aldehyde substances and the like, and creates foreign exchange vegetables for important exports of China; the burdock in China mainly has two production modes of spring sowing and autumn sowing, the burdock sowed in summer has the problems of difficult seedling emergence, easy seedling death and the like, the summer sowing production is limited, the burdock sowed in spring is easy to collapse in rainy season due to the fact that the seedling stage is upright, farmers are not active in planting, the burdock sowed in autumn generally has the sowing time from the middle ten days of 9 months to the late ten days of 10 months, the burdock sowed in spring generally has the time from the first ten days of 6 months to the first ten days of 8 months, the burdock sowed in spring generally has the sowing time from the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, and the burdock sowed in mature market generally has the time from the last ten days of 10 months to the last ten days of 11 months.
Disclosure of Invention
Yuanyue is the coldest season in one year in our country, the season of farming is a cold season and a cold season, the limit of farming season is challenged by planting burdock, Yuanyue can not plant burdock, the problem to be answered must be firstly made clear about the low temperature resistance problem of burdock seeds, secondly must be made clear about the long-term rotting problem of burdock seeds under the low-temperature and humid condition, thirdly is the germination problem of burdock seeds under the low-temperature environment, secondly is the low temperature resistance problem of burdock seeds after germination and emergence, and we do a lot of experiments for this reason:
the first seed low temperature resistance test shows that the burdock seeds are stored for 4 days, 6 days, 8 days, 10 days, 12 days, 14 days, 16 days, 18 days, 20 days, 22 days and 30 days under the conditions that the relative humidity is 35 to 40 percent and the temperature is-4 to-5, -6 to-7, -8 to-9, -10 to-11, -12 to-13, -14 to-15, -16 to-17 days, -18 to-19, -20 to-21 and-22 to-23 respectively at constant temperature, the germination test germination rate after storage is almost not influenced, namely, the burdock seeds sowed in winter are low in temperature and cannot influence the germination rate of the burdock seeds in any way in the experimental data shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification; the soil relative humidity suitable for growth of the burdock is 85-90%, the temperature change in the burdock environment under the condition of double-color mulching film covering is very large, the temperature difference between noon and night in sunny days sometimes reaches more than 20 ℃, the influence on the burdock seeds and the germination rate under the condition of high-humidity temperature change is required, in order to solve the problem, an experiment that the germination rate is influenced by high-humidity temperature change measured after the burdock seeds are respectively stored for 10-36 days under the conditions that the relative humidity is 85-90% and the temperature is-4-23 ℃ is carried out, the experiment shows that the seeds are not in a dormant state under the condition that the burdock is at the high-humidity temperature change, the temperature is suitable for germination, and the germination is faster when the temperature is higher; the temperature change has an influence on the storage time of the burdock seeds and the germination speed, and the rotting phenomenon of the seeds is not found in a limited time;
the germination habit of burdock seeds is mastered through experiments, cultivation tests are carried out on winter sowing burdock plants from 2012 to 2014, and the planting time is respectively selected from 12 months and 10 days, 12 months and 15 days, 12 months and 20 days, 12 months and 25 days, 12 months and 30 days, next year and 5 days, Yuan months and 10 days, Yuan months and 15 days and Yuan months and 20 days; before sowing, the burdock seeds are treated, sowed in a dry mode, the soil temperature 3-5 cm deep in soil ridges is recorded during sowing, the lowest temperature of the current day is recorded, the lowest low temperature and the highest low temperature in a mulching film are recorded for 30 days continuously after the mulching film is covered, the lowest temperature and the highest temperature in the mulching film are calculated within 30 days, the seedling emergence condition is observed and recorded, the highest ground temperature of the lowest ground temperature is continuously observed and recorded after the seedling emergence, the growth condition of burdock seedlings is observed, experimental data is shown in an attached figure 3 of the specification, through the figure 3, 9 sowing batches from 10 days of 12 months to 20 days of the next year are observed, although the lowest temperature is below 0 ℃, the seedling emergence rate within 30 days is above 90%, the average lowest temperature of the sowing periods of 10 days of 12 months, 15 days of 12 months, 20 days of 12 months and 25 days of 12 months is below 0 ℃, other sowing periods are above 0 ℃, and the burdock seedlings are not low temperature resistant, the dead seedling phenomenon exists at low temperature after emergence, the 30 days after emergence of the burdock in 3 sowing periods of 10 days of Yuan month, 15 days of Yuan month and 20 days of Yuan month are 2 months 8 days to 3 months 9 days, 2 months 13 days to 3 months 14 days and 2 months 18 days to 3 months 19 days are from beginning to end, the air temperature obviously rises and the recovery of everything is realized, so that the sowing period of the burdock in winter sowing is selected in the middle ten days of Yuan month which has sufficient evidence!
The cultivation method of the winter sowing burdock is carried out according to the following steps
Firstly, ditch digging is carried out by a burdock machine according to the row spacing of 80 cm in the middle-upper ten days of Yuanyue, the depth of the ditch is 40-50 cm, a ridge with the width of 30-40 cm and the height of 10 cm can be naturally formed after the ditch digging, watering is carried out in the ridge after the ditch digging, the ridge is naturally sunk, the ditch is filled with water, the ditch is filled with soil after the water is naturally consumed, a layer of toxic soil is scattered in the original ditch digging place after three days, the toxic soil is the lower soil which is dried, and 45 percent of phoxim is calculated according to the weight ratio: soil: 45% phoxim =100: 0.42-0.44, and then ditching the original ditch with a burdock ditcher with the depth of about 1.1 m, wherein after ditching with the burdock ditcher, a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of about 25 cm is naturally formed, the ridge is firstly treaded tightly along the two sides of the ridge by feet, and then the ridge is treaded tightly, or a shovel is used for patting tightly along the two sides of the ridge, so that the ditch collapse when raining is prevented, and the burdock is deformed;
step two, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, 10 ml of 10% imidacloprid is mixed with 1000 g of cold water with the temperature of 5-10 ℃ and 350 g of burdock seeds with 500 g of bran to be uniformly mixed and stirred, the mixture is kept stand for 45 minutes, the moisture is drained, and the mixture is dried in the sun for 3-4 hours, the traditional burdock seed treatment method is to soak the burdock in warm water to germinate and then sow, the scheme ensures that the burdock seeds are dry sown, because the temperature in Yuanmonth is very low, if the burdock sprouts are sown after the burdock germinates, the sprouts can be frozen to influence the emergence rate, even all the sprouts are frozen, the burdock dry sown seeds can slowly adapt to the environment, and the seeds slowly absorb water to expand to germinate;
thirdly, dibbling the treated seeds along the soil ridges formed in the step (2) according to the planting distance of 4-5 cm, sowing one seed in each hole with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, synchronously ditching and sowing, covering soil, treading with feet or compacting with a shovel, spraying a layer of herbicide on two side surfaces of the soil ridges,
fourth, covering a film: selecting a black-white double-color mulching film, wherein the width of the mulching film is 100 cm, the middle part of the mulching film is a colorless transparent film, the white parts of black opaque mulching films at the two sides are covered on the burdock soil ridges, in order to prevent the leaves of the grown burdock seedlings from touching the film, gaps of 4-5 cm are supported on the burdock soil ridges by bamboo splits, the black mulching film is covered on the two sides of the soil ridges, and the two bottom edges are compacted by soil;
fifthly, in the middle and last 3 months, with the rising of the air temperature, the burdock grows to have regular seedlings and 3 true leaves, the film is uncovered in the morning of sunny days for ventilation, the burdock seedlings grow gradually in the last 4 months, and at the moment, the white transparent film on the soil ridge of the burdock is cut open, so that the burdock seedlings can grow out; the other field management is the same as the autumn burdock cultivation.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 shows germination rates measured after storage at a relative humidity of 35 to 40% and a temperature of-4 to-23 ℃ for 4 to 30 days, respectively
FIG. 2 shows germination rates measured after storage at a relative humidity of 85 to 90% and a temperature of-4 to-23 ℃ for 10 to 36 days
FIG. 3 shows the influence of different sowing times and double-color film coverage on soil temperature change, burdock germination rate and whole seedling rate.
Example 1:
firstly, selecting a sunny day of 10-15 Yuan, digging a ditch with a burdock machine according to the row spacing of 80 cm, wherein the depth of the ditch is 40-50 cm, a ridge with the width of 30-40 cm and the height of about 10 cm can be naturally formed after digging the ditch, watering is carried out in the ridge after digging the ditch, so that the ridge of the soil naturally sinks, filling the ditch with water, filling the ditch with the soil when the water is naturally consumed, spreading a layer of toxic soil on the original digging place after three days, wherein the toxic soil is the lower soil which is dried, and 45% of phoxim is calculated according to the weight ratio: soil: 45% phoxim =100: 0.42-0.44, and then ditching the original ditch with a burdock ditcher with the depth of about 1.1 m, wherein after ditching with the burdock ditcher, a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of about 25 cm is naturally formed, the ridge is firstly treaded tightly along the two sides of the ridge by feet, and then the ridge is treaded tightly, or a shovel is used for patting tightly along the two sides of the ridge, so that the ditch collapse when raining is prevented, and the burdock is deformed;
step two, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, adding 10 ml of 10% imidacloprid into 1000 g of cold water with the temperature of 5-10 ℃, adding 500 g of bran and 350 g of burdock seeds, mixing and stirring uniformly, standing for 45 minutes, draining water, and drying in the sun for 3-4 hours;
thirdly, dibbling the treated seeds along the soil ridges formed in the step (2) according to the planting distance of 4-5 cm, sowing one seed in each hole with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, synchronously ditching and sowing, covering soil, treading with feet or compacting with a shovel, spraying a layer of herbicide on two side surfaces of the soil ridges,
fourth, covering a film: selecting a black-white double-color mulching film, wherein the width of the mulching film is 100 cm, the middle part of the mulching film is a colorless transparent film, the white parts of black opaque mulching films at the two sides are covered on the burdock soil ridges, in order to prevent the leaves of the grown burdock seedlings from touching the film, gaps of 4-5 cm are supported on the burdock soil ridges by bamboo splits, the black mulching film is covered on the two sides of the soil ridges, and the two bottom edges are compacted by soil;
fifthly, in the middle and last 3 months, with the rising of the air temperature, the burdock grows to have regular seedlings and 3 true leaves, the film is uncovered in the morning of sunny days for ventilation, the burdock seedlings grow gradually in the last 4 months, and at the moment, the white transparent film on the soil ridge of the burdock is cut open, so that the burdock seedlings can grow out; other field management is the same as the cultivation of the autumn burdock;
the effect is as follows: the time of coming into market is from 9 middle ten days to 10 last ten days, the yield per mu is 2000-2500 kg, the qualified rate is 85%, the S grade is 10%, the 2M grade is 25%, the M grade is 35%, the L grade is 25%, and the 2L grade is less than 5%.
Example 2
Firstly, in the morning of sunny days from 15 Yuan-month to 18 Yuan-month, ditching with a burdock machine at a row spacing of 80 cm, wherein the depth of the ditch is 110 cm, and after ditching with the burdock machine, a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of 25 cm is naturally formed, the ridge is firstly treaded tightly along the two sides of the ridge by feet, then the upper surface of the ridge is treaded tightly, or a shovel is used for patting tightly along the two sides of the ridge, so that the ditch collapse when raining is prevented from generating deformity on the burdock;
step two, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, adding 10 ml of 10% imidacloprid into 5-10 ℃ cold water and 350 g of burdock seeds, mixing and stirring uniformly, standing for 45 minutes, draining, and drying in the sun for 3-4 hours;
thirdly, dibbling the treated seeds along the soil ridges formed in the step (2) according to the planting distance of 4-5 cm, sowing one seed in each hole with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, synchronously ditching and sowing, covering soil, treading with feet or compacting with a shovel, spraying a layer of herbicide on two side surfaces of the soil ridges,
fourth, covering a film: selecting a black-white double-color mulching film, wherein the width of the mulching film is 100 cm, the middle part of the mulching film is a colorless transparent film, the white parts of black opaque mulching films at the two sides are covered on the burdock soil ridges, in order to prevent the leaves of the grown burdock seedlings from touching the film, gaps of 4-5 cm are supported on the burdock soil ridges by bamboo splits, the black mulching film is covered on the two sides of the soil ridges, and the two bottom edges are compacted by soil;
fifthly, in the middle and last 3 months, with the rising of the air temperature, the burdock grows to have regular seedlings and 3 true leaves, the film is uncovered in the morning of sunny days for ventilation, the burdock seedlings grow gradually in the last 4 months, and at the moment, the white transparent film on the soil ridge of the burdock is cut open, so that the burdock seedlings can grow out; other field management is the same as the cultivation of the autumn burdock;
the effect is as follows: the time of coming into market is from 9 middle ten days to 10 last ten days, the yield per mu is 2000-2500 kg, the qualified rate is 85%, the S grade is 10%, the 2M grade is 25%, the M grade is 35%, the L grade is 25%, and the 2L grade is less than 5%.
Example 3
Firstly, a burdock machine is used for ditching in ten days of morning from 18 Yuanyue to 20 Yuanyue on a sunny day, the row spacing is 90 cm, the depth is about 1.1 m, after the ditching is carried out by the burdock machine, a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of 25 cm is naturally formed, feet are used for treading the ridge along the two sides of the ridge, then the ridge is treaded down, or a shovel is used for patting along the two sides of the ridge, so that the ditch collapse in rainy days is prevented, and the burdock is prevented from generating deformity;
step two, seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, adding 10 ml of 10% imidacloprid into 1000 g of cold water with the temperature of 5-10 ℃, adding 500 g of bran and 350 g of burdock seeds, mixing and stirring uniformly, standing for 45 minutes, draining water, and drying in the sun for 3-4 hours;
thirdly, dibbling the treated seeds along the soil ridges formed in the step (2) according to the planting distance of 4-5 cm, sowing one seed in each hole with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, synchronously ditching and sowing, covering soil, treading with feet or compacting with a shovel, spraying a layer of herbicide on two side surfaces of the soil ridges,
fourth, covering a film: selecting a black-white double-color mulching film, wherein the width of the mulching film is 100 cm, the middle part of the mulching film is a colorless transparent film, the white parts of black opaque mulching films at the two sides are covered on the burdock soil ridges, in order to prevent the leaves of the grown burdock seedlings from touching the film, gaps of 4-5 cm are supported on the burdock soil ridges by bamboo splits, the black mulching film is covered on the two sides of the soil ridges, and the two bottom edges are compacted by soil;
fifthly, in the middle and last 3 months, with the rising of the air temperature, the burdock grows to have regular seedlings and 3 true leaves, the film is uncovered in the morning of sunny days for ventilation, the burdock seedlings grow gradually in the last 4 months, and at the moment, the white transparent film on the soil ridge of the burdock is cut open, so that the burdock seedlings can grow out; other field management is the same as the cultivation of the autumn burdock;
the effect is as follows: the time of coming into market is from 9 middle ten days to 10 last ten days, the yield per mu is 2000-2500 kg, the qualified product rate is 85%, the S grade is 10%, the 2M grade is 25%, the M grade is 35%, the L grade is 25%, and the 2L grade is less than 5%.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method of winter sowing burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply turning and sunning the soil, wherein each 667 m before deep turning2Applying 75 kg of cake fertilizer, more than 4000 kg of high-quality decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a low temperature resistance test and a sowing period of burdock seeds, wherein the burdock seeds are stored for 4 days, 6 days, 8 days, 10 days, 12 days, 16 days, 18 days, 20 days, 22 days, 24 days, 26 days, 28 days and 30 days under the conditions that the relative humidity of soil is 35-40%, the temperature is-4 to-5 ℃, -6 to-7 ℃, -8 to-9 ℃, -10 to-11 ℃, -12 to-13 ℃, -14 to-15 ℃, -16 to-17 ℃, -18 to-19 ℃, -20 to-21 ℃, -22 to-23 ℃ and the constant temperature is constant, the germination rate of the burdock seeds after storage is not influenced, and the temperature in winter does not influence the germination rate of the burdock seeds; the relative humidity of soil suitable for the growth of the burdock is 85-90%, under the condition of double-color mulching, the temperature change of the burdock in the environment is large, the temperature difference between noon and night every day sometimes reaches more than 20 ℃ under the condition of sunshine in sunny days, the burdock can germinate at a proper temperature under the condition of high-humidity variable temperature without keeping the seeds in a dormant state, and the higher the temperature is, the faster the burdock germinates; the temperature change has an influence on the storage time of the burdock seeds and the germination speed; selecting 10-20 days of Yuan month, ditching by using a burdock machine according to the row spacing of 80 cm, wherein the depth of the ditch is 40-50 cm, a ridge with the width of 30-40 cm and the height of about 10 cm can be naturally formed after ditching, watering the ridge after ditching to enable the ridge to naturally sink, filling the ditch with water, filling the ditch with soil after the water is naturally consumed, spreading a layer of toxic soil at the original ditching place after three days, and spraying 45% of phoxim on the lower soil layer which is dried by weight: the dried subsoil: 45% phoxim =100: 0.42-0.44, and then ditching the original ditch with a burdock ditcher with the depth of about 1.1 m, wherein after ditching with the burdock ditcher, a ridge with the width of 40-50 cm and the height of about 25 cm is naturally formed, the ridge is firstly treaded tightly along the two sides of the ridge by feet, and then the ridge is treaded tightly, or a shovel is used for patting tightly along the two sides of the ridge, so that the ditch collapse when raining is prevented, and the burdock is deformed; (3) seed treatment: 1 day before sowing, adding 10 ml of 10% imidacloprid into 1000 g of cold water with the temperature of 5-10 ℃, adding 500 g of bran and 350 g of burdock seeds, uniformly mixing and stirring, standing for 45 minutes, draining water, drying in the sun for 3-4 hours, wherein the temperature in Yuanyue is very low, after the burdock sprouts, the burdock sprouts are sowed, which are frozen to influence the rate of emergence, even are completely frozen, the burdock dry-sowed seeds slowly adapt to the environment, and slowly absorb water to expand to sprout and emerge;
(4) dibbling the treated seeds along the soil ridges formed in the step (2) according to the plant spacing of 4-5 cm, sowing one seed in each hole, the sowing depth of 3-5 cm, synchronously ditching and sowing, covering soil, compacting by feet or compacting by a shovel, and spraying a layer of herbicide on two side surfaces of the soil ridges;
(5) covering with a mulching film: selecting a black-white double-color mulching film, wherein the width of the mulching film is 100 cm, the middle part of the mulching film is 20 cm, the two sides of the mulching film are black opaque mulching films, the white part of the mulching film covers the burdock ridge, the black mulching film covers the two sides of the soil ridge, in order to prevent the burdock seedlings from growing out and then blades of the burdock seedlings from touching the mulching film, a gap of 4-5 cm is supported on the burdock soil ridge by a thin bamboo strip, and the two bottom edges of the burdock seedlings are compacted by soil;
(6) in the middle and late 3 months, along with the rising of the air temperature, the burdock grows to have aligned seedlings and 3 true leaves, the plastic film is uncovered for ventilation in the morning of sunny days, the burdock seedlings grow gradually in the early 4 months, and at the moment, the white transparent plastic film on the soil ridges of the burdock is cut open to enable the burdock seedlings to grow out; the other field management is the same as the autumn burdock cultivation.
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Inventor after: Dong Yuwei Inventor after: Hu Chuanyin Inventor after: Liu Liwang Inventor after: Sun Yanjun Inventor after: Zhang Hongyong Inventor before: Hu Chuanyin Inventor before: Sun Yanjun Inventor before: Zhang Hongyong |
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