CN108247519A - A kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical fields of mechanical processing, refer in particular to a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment；Cross slide way is provided on lathe bed, longitudinal rail, the head frame for clamping workpiece is provided on cross slide way, tailstock, the polishing mechanism being polished to workpiece is provided on longitudinal rail, the polishing mechanism includes the main shaft that rotation is driven by spindle motor and by spindle motor, the cotton piece buff rotated synchronously with main shaft is provided on main shaft, if the cotton piece buff folds the circular ring shape pieces of cloth set including dry plate, if it is fixedly connected to form the cylinder with mesoporous in the middle part of dry plate circular ring shape pieces of cloth, the mesoporous is used to connect with main shaft, the polishing mechanism is by controller control action, controller control cotton piece buff same direction rotation or clockwise, it rotates counterclockwise；The present invention is at low cost to the surface treatment of shaft-like workpiece, and effect is good, efficient, easy to operate.

Description

A machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, in particular to a machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces.

Background technique:

Before the workpiece is heat treated, the black skin on the surface of the workpiece must be removed. The purpose is to prevent decarburization of the workpiece surface, which can avoid surface cracks and insufficient hardness of the workpiece surface when the workpiece is quenched. And the workpiece will also have black skin after heat treatment. The current surface treatment methods are automatic sandblasting and or pickling. The pickling process has low cost, but the operation process is inconvenient and the efficiency is low. Automatic sandblasting has high efficiency, but it is generally suitable for surface treatment of flat plates, discs and other workpieces.

Invention content:

The object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces with simple and convenient operation and good surface treatment effect.

The present invention is achieved like this:

A machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces. The bed is provided with a transverse guide rail and a longitudinal guide rail. The transverse guide rail is provided with a headstock and a tailstock for clamping workpieces. The polishing mechanism includes a main shaft motor and a main shaft driven by the main shaft motor, and a cloth wheel that rotates synchronously with the main shaft is arranged on the main shaft, and the cloth wheel includes a plurality of stacked circular cloth pieces, The middle parts of several circular cloth pieces are fixedly connected to form a cylinder with a middle hole, the middle hole is used to connect with the main shaft, the polishing mechanism is controlled by the controller, and the controller controls the cloth wheel to rotate in the same direction or clockwise , turn counterclockwise.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, the two ends of the cylinder with the middle hole are respectively provided with fixing plates, and the two fixing plates and several circular cloth pieces are connected by fasteners. Pull tight to secure.

In the aforementioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, abrasive paste is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the cloth wheel.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, the cloth wheel is fixed on the main shaft by a lock nut. The nut main body of the groove part is provided with locking grooved screws along the axial direction.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, a transmission mechanism is provided on the bed through a bracket, and the transmission mechanism drives the manipulator to reciprocate in the lateral direction, and the manipulator is located above the headstock and the tailstock.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, the manipulator includes a first air cylinder arranged vertically, the first air cylinder is fixed on the first air cylinder mount, and on the piston rod of the first air cylinder A first clamping cylinder is provided, a second cylinder mounting seat is provided on the first cylinder mounting seat, the second cylinder is obliquely arranged on the second cylinder mounting seat, the second cylinder is located on one side of the first cylinder, and The piston rod of the second cylinder is provided with a second clamping cylinder, and the movement paths of the first clamping cylinder and the second clamping cylinder can intersect at the clamping centers of the headstock and the tailstock for loading and unloading workpieces.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, the drive mechanism includes a driving wheel and a driven wheel that are rotatably arranged on the bracket, and a synchronous belt is arranged between the driving wheel and the driven wheel. A moving block is fixed, the drive wheel is driven to rotate by a synchronous belt motor, and the first cylinder mounting seat moves with the moving block.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, the support is provided with a second guide rail and a third guide rail along the transverse direction, and the second guide rail and the third guide rail are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the drive mechanism, Guide rail sliders are respectively arranged on the second guide rail and the third guide rail, and the guide rail slider and the moving block are all fixed on the sliding seat, and the first cylinder installation seat moves with the sliding seat.

In the above-mentioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, a fourth guide rail is provided on the support, the fourth guide rail is arranged in parallel with the second guide rail and the third guide rail, and the fourth guide rail is an outer cover. The outer cover is arranged outside the second guide rail and the third guide rail, and a main sliding seat is arranged on the fourth guide rail. The first cylinder mounting seat is fixed on the main sliding seat, and the first cylinder mounting seat is driven by a Driven to reciprocate laterally along the fourth guide rail.

In the aforementioned machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces, a cloth wheel cover is provided on one side of the cloth wheel, and a dust suction device is provided on the rear side of the cloth wheel cover.

The outstanding advantages of the present invention compared with prior art are:

1. The present invention has the advantages of low cost, good effect, high efficiency and convenient operation for the surface treatment of shaft workpieces;

2. The present invention can remove black skin on spline-like workpieces.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is one of the schematic diagrams after the casing of the present invention is disassembled;

Fig. 3 is the second schematic diagram after the casing of the present invention is disassembled;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of part A of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of manipulator of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that the manipulator of the present invention is arranged on the support;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of part B of FIG. 6;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism of the present invention arranged on the bracket;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram after the outer cover and the main sliding seat on the bracket of the present invention are disassembled;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part C of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism, the second guide rail and the third guide rail being arranged on the bracket of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part D of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the cloth wheel of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is an enlarged schematic view of part E of Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a lock nut of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Bed; 2. Transverse guide rail; 3. Longitudinal guide rail; 4. Head frame; 5. Tail frame; 6. Cloth wheel; 7. Ring cloth piece; 8. Lock nut; Main body; 10, slotting; 11, screw; 12, bracket; 13, the first cylinder; 14, the first cylinder mounting seat; 15, the first clamping cylinder; 16, the second cylinder mounting seat; 17, the second cylinder ; 18, the second clamping cylinder; 19, synchronous belt; 20, moving block; 21, synchronous belt motor; 22, the second guide rail; 23, the third guide rail; 24, guide rail slider; 25, sliding seat; 26, Outer cover; 27, main sliding seat; 28, cloth wheel cover; 29, casing; 30, guide bar.

Detailed ways:

The present invention is described further below with specific embodiment, referring to Fig. 1-15:

A machine tool for surface treatment of shaft workpieces. A transverse guide rail 2 and a longitudinal guide rail 3 are arranged on the bed 1. A headstock 4 and a tailstock 5 for clamping workpieces are arranged on the transverse guide rail 2. 3 is equipped with a polishing mechanism for polishing the workpiece. The distance between the headstock 4 and the tailstock 5 of the present invention can be adjusted according to the length of the workpiece, and the headstock 4 and the tailstock 5 can move on the transverse guide rail 2, and what drive it to move is such as a screw mandrel, a motor or a hydraulic cylinder etc. drive mechanism. Similarly, the position of the polishing mechanism on the longitudinal guide rail 3 is adjustable, and what drives it to move is a driving mechanism such as a screw mandrel, a motor or a hydraulic cylinder. The polishing mechanism of the present invention includes a main shaft motor and a main shaft driven by the main shaft motor, and a cloth wheel 6 that rotates synchronously with the main shaft is arranged on the main shaft, and the cloth wheel 6 includes a plurality of stacked annular cloth pieces 7 The middle parts of several annular cloth pieces 7 are fixedly connected to form a cylinder with a middle hole, and the middle hole is used to connect with the main shaft, and the polishing mechanism and the driving mechanism are controlled by the controller. The controller controls the cloth wheels 6 to rotate in the same direction or to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.

Further, the two ends of the cylinder with the middle hole are respectively provided with fixing plates, and the two fixing plates and several pieces of circular cloth pieces 7 are tightened and fixed by fasteners. A through hole with the same diameter as the middle hole on the annular cloth sheet 7 is arranged on the fixing plate. In order to make the cloth wheel 6 rotate synchronously with the main shaft, it is required to adopt tight fitting connection between the middle hole and the main shaft. The fixing plate of the present invention may be a metal plate, a plastic plate, a cowhide plate, or the like.

Cloth wheel 6 also can be fixedly connected by suture thread by several annular cloth pieces 7. In this embodiment, the structure in which the fixed plate is fixed is preferred.

In order to polish shaft workpieces well, abrasive paste is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the cloth wheel 6 . The abrasive paste can be applied every four workpieces. Specifically, proceed according to the actual operation.

Specifically, the cloth wheel 6 of the present invention is fixed on the main shaft by a lock nut. The lock nut 8 includes a nut body 9, on which the nut body 9 is radially slotted 10, and the nut body at the slot 10 part 9 is provided with locking slotted screws 11 in the axial direction. A limiting convex edge is arranged on the main shaft, and the cloth wheel 6 is arranged between the limiting convex edge and the lock nut 8 .

In order to facilitate the loading and unloading of workpieces, the bed 1 is also provided with a transmission mechanism through the bracket 12. The transmission mechanism drives the manipulator to reciprocate in the lateral direction. The manipulator is located above the headstock 4 and tailstock 5, which is convenient for loading or unloading the workpiece. .

Specifically, the manipulator includes a first cylinder 13 arranged vertically, the first cylinder 13 is fixed on the first cylinder mount 14, and a first clamping cylinder 15 is arranged on the piston rod of the first cylinder 13, The first clamping cylinder 15 is driven by the first cylinder 13 to move up and down. A second cylinder mount 16 is arranged on the first cylinder mount 14, and a second cylinder 17 is disposed on the second cylinder mount 16, and the second cylinder 17 is located on one side of the first cylinder 13. In this embodiment, The second air cylinder 17 is positioned at the front side of the first air cylinder 13, and the piston rod of the second air cylinder 17 is provided with the second material clamping cylinder 18, the movement path of the first material clamping cylinder 15 and the second material clamping cylinder 18 can be at the head The clamping centers of frame 4 and tailstock 5 intersect to be used for loading and unloading workpieces. When the piston rod of the first cylinder 13 and the piston rod of the second cylinder 17 stretch out, they drive the first clamping cylinder 15 and the second clamping cylinder 18 to load and unload the workpiece.

In order to ensure the stability of the expansion and contraction of the piston rods of the first cylinder 13 and the second cylinder 17 , the present invention is also provided with a guide rod 30 .

Manipulator of the present invention also can be replaced by following structure:

Including a vertically arranged cylinder, the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a mounting seat, a first clamping cylinder and a second clamping cylinder are arranged on the mounting base, the first clamping cylinder and the second clamping cylinder are vertically arranged, and the mounting base consists of The motor or the rotary cylinder drives and rotates to realize the unloading of the first clamping cylinder and the loading of the second clamping cylinder.

The driving mechanism of the present invention includes a driving wheel and a driven wheel that are rotatably arranged on the bracket 12, a synchronous belt 19 is arranged between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and a moving block 20 is fixed on the synchronous belt 19. The wheel is driven to rotate by a synchronous belt motor 21 , and the first cylinder mount 14 moves with the moving block 20 . The bracket 12 of the present invention includes a column fixed on the bed 1 and a beam arranged above the column, and the beam is arranged parallel to the transverse guide rail 2 . The driving mechanism is arranged on the beam. In order to facilitate loading and unloading, one end of the beam extends out of the bed 1.

Further, a second guide rail 22 and a third guide rail 23 are arranged laterally on the support 12, and are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the drive mechanism on the second guide rail 22 and the third guide rail 23. The guide rails 23 are respectively provided with guide rail sliders 24 , the guide rail sliders 24 and the moving block 20 are all fixed on the sliding seat 25 , and the first cylinder mounting seat 14 moves with the sliding seat 25 . The second guide rail 22 and the third guide rail 23 guide the movement of the moving block 20 to ensure the stability of the manipulator when moving.

Further, the support 12 is also provided with a fourth guide rail, the fourth guide rail is arranged parallel to the second guide rail 22 and the third guide rail 23, and the fourth guide rail is an outer cover 26, which is arranged on the second guide rail. In addition to the guide rail 22 and the third guide rail 23, a main sliding seat 27 is arranged on the fourth guide rail, and the first cylinder mounting seat 14 is fixed on the main sliding seat 27, and the first cylinder mounting seat 14 is driven by a driving mechanism Move back and forth laterally along the fourth guide rail. The outer cover 26 is located between the main sliding seat 27 and the sliding seat 25 .

Certainly, the drive mechanism of the present invention can also be replaced by the structure of screw mandrel, motor.

Because dust can be produced in the polishing process, in order to ensure the environment in the workshop, a side cover of the cloth wheel 6 is provided with a cloth wheel cover 28, and the rear side of the cloth wheel cover 28 is provided with a dust suction device.

The dust collection device includes a fan, and the impeller of the fan is driven by the motor at high speed, and the air in the impeller is discharged from the fan at high speed, and at the same time, the air in the dust collection part is continuously replenished into the fan. This may result in a higher pressure difference with the outside world. The dust from the suction nozzle is sucked into the dust suction part along with the air, and the dust and dirt are collected in the dust cylinder.

In order to improve safety and prevent dust from flying everywhere, a cover 29 is provided on the bed 1 of the present invention.

The working principle of the present invention is:

The second clamping cylinder 18 of the manipulator is controlled by the controller to clamp the workpiece to be polished, and then driven by the driving mechanism to the top of the headstock 4 and tailstock 5, and the first clamping cylinder 15 is driven down by the first cylinder 13 Clamp the workpiece between the headstock 4 and the tailstock 5 for unloading. After the unloading is completed, the first cylinder 13 drives the first clamping cylinder 15 to move the workpiece upwards, and then the second cylinder 17 drives the second clamping cylinder 18 Load the workpiece to be polished between the headstock 4 and the tailstock 5 for loading. After the loading is completed, the manipulator is driven by the driving mechanism to leave the headstock 4 and the tailstock 5, and put the processed workpieces on the corresponding modules.

The polishing mechanism is controlled by the controller to move along the longitudinal guide rail, and the main shaft motor drives the cloth wheel 6 to rotate after moving in place. The workpiece is driven to rotate by the headstock 4 and the tailstock 5. When the workpiece has a spline structure, the controller controls the cloth wheel 6 to rotate clockwise and then counterclockwise to ensure that the black skin in the spline is all removed.

The above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore: all equivalent changes made according to the shape, structure and principle of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment is provided with cross slide way (2), longitudinal rail on lathe bed (1) (3), the head frame (4) for clamping workpiece, tailstock (5) are provided on cross slide way (2), is provided on longitudinal rail (3) The polishing mechanism being polished to workpiece, it is characterised in that：The polishing mechanism is included by spindle motor and by spindle motor band The main shaft that turn is moved, is provided with the cotton piece buff (6) rotated synchronously with main shaft on main shaft, and the cotton piece buff (6) sets if being folded including dry plate Circular ring shape pieces of cloth (7), if the cylinder with mesoporous is fixedly connected to form in the middle part of dry plate circular ring shape pieces of cloth (7), in described Hole for connect with main shaft, the polishing mechanism rotated by controller control action, controller control cotton piece buff (6) same direction or Clockwise, it rotates counterclockwise.

2. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described have The both ends of the surface of the cylinder in hole are respectively arranged with fixed plate, if passing through fastener between two fixed plates, dry plate circular ring shape pieces of cloth (7) It is strained and fixed.

3. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The cloth It takes turns and is provided with abrasive pastes on the external cylindrical surface of (6).

4. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cotton piece buff (6) it is fixed on main shaft by locking nut (8), the locking nut (8) includes nut main body (9), in nut main body (9) upper edge Radially slotted (10) are provided with the screw (11) of locking fluting (10) in an axial direction on the nut main body (9) of fluting (10) part.

5. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lathe bed (1) transmission mechanism is also provided with by stent (12) on, transmission mechanism driving manipulator transversely moves back and forth, the manipulator Positioned at the top of head frame (4), tailstock (5).

6. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The manipulator Including the first cylinder (13) vertically set, the first cylinder (13) is fixed in the first cylinder mounting base (14), The first material folding cylinder (15) is provided on the piston rod of one cylinder (13), the second gas is provided in the first cylinder mounting base (14) Cylinder mounting base (16), the second cylinder (17) are inclined in the second cylinder mounting base (16), and second cylinder (17) is located at The side of first cylinder (13), and the second material folding cylinder (18) is provided on the piston rod of the second cylinder (17), the first material folding gas Cylinder (15), the second material folding cylinder (18) motion path can head frame (4), tailstock (5) clamping center at intersect to load and unload Workpiece.

7. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The driving machine Structure includes the driving wheel and driven wheel that are rotatably arranged on stent (12), and synchronous belt is provided between driving wheel and driven wheel (19), it is installed with movable block (20) on synchronous belt (19), the driving wheel is by synchronizing translator (21) driving rotation, and described the One cylinder mounting base (14) is mobile with movable block (20).

8. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The stent (12) the second guide rail (22), third guide rail (23) are horizontally arranged on, on the second guide rail (22), third guide rail (23) respectively Positioned at the both sides up and down of driving mechanism, guide rail slide block (24) is respectively arranged on the second guide rail (22), third guide rail (23), is led Rail sliding block (24), movable block (20) are each attached on sliding seat (25), and the first cylinder mounting base (14) is with sliding seat (25) It is mobile.

9. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The stent (12) the 4th guide rail is additionally provided on, the 4th guide rail is arranged in parallel with the second guide rail (22), third guide rail (23), and the described 4th leads Rail is an outer cover (26), which is located at except the second guide rail (22), third guide rail (23), is set on the 4th guide rail There is main sliding seat (27), the first cylinder mounting base (14) is fixed on main sliding seat (27), the first cylinder mounting base (14) it is moved by the 4th guide rail transverse reciprocating of driving mechanism drives edge.

10. a kind of lathe for shaft-like workpiece surface treatment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cotton piece buff (6) side is covered with cloth wheel cover (28), and cloth wheel cover is provided with dust exhaust apparatus on rear side of (18).