CN108243927A - Implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor - Google Patents
Implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108243927A CN108243927A CN201810063170.2A CN201810063170A CN108243927A CN 108243927 A CN108243927 A CN 108243927A CN 201810063170 A CN201810063170 A CN 201810063170A CN 108243927 A CN108243927 A CN 108243927A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation.Implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor irradiate spinach by the light that the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60% 99% is sent out, and implantation methods include the following steps successively：Sow vernalization phase, seedling retardation phase, root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification phase, growth animated period, growth stationary phase and picking time.The advantages of implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor is that planting cost is low, and maturation time is fast.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, are related to a kind of implantation methods of spinach.
Background technology
Plant factor is to realize crops anniversary quantity-produced high-efficiency agriculture system by high-precision environment control in facility
System is the temperature that computer is utilized to give birth to plant, humidity, illumination, CO2The environmental conditions such as concentration and nutrient solution carry out automatic
Control, make the growth of facility implants not by or the effort-saving production that is seldom restricted by natural conditions.Plant factor's multiple crop index is high,
Can whole year production, and avoid continuous cropping and hinder.Leaf vegetables is not easy to store, but in order to meet market demand needs whole year production, therefore
Plant factor is particularly suitable for cultivating leaf vegetables.
Class is planted based on leaf vegetables under existing plant factor's pattern, including romaine lettuce, Brassica rapa L etc..In plant factor,
For the planting patterns of leaf vegetables based on water planting, water planting spinach is high-quality, and pollution-free no agriculture is residual, and growth cycle is short.By illumination source, plant
Object factory can be divided into sunlight plant factor and artificial light plant factory, and sunlight plant factor light source all derives from sunlight；And
Artificial light plant factory can be divided into two kinds again, and one kind is that sunlight and artificial light combine, and artificial light is given in sunlight deficiency,
This type plant factor is limited to cost limitation compared with power saving, and individual layer cultivating stand so that space occupancy rate is not high；Another kind has been
The plant factor of full artificial lighting, in initial water planting planting process, artificial light source uses high-pressure sodium lamp, but high-pressure sodium lamp
Light efficiency is low, and spectrum is single, high energy consumption and fever is serious, it is impossible to carry out multilayer cultivation, therefore low space utilization.Later fluorescent lamp,
The new type light sources such as LED light are also applied in water planting plantation.
At present, the cultivation of water planting multi-level facility is divided into full-spectrum LED light filling and red and blue LED lamp is mended mainly based on LED light
Light, full-spectrum LED lamp also promote plant life other than the red blue light needed most containing plant containing some green lights, purple light etc.
The spectrum of reason growth is compared with red and blue LED, to reach the power consumptions higher such as identical planting effect, full-spectrum LED, and red and blue LED
The overwhelming majority is red blue light in light spectrum, and in actually cultivating, red and blue LED is compared with full-spectrum LED lamp power saving, but due to red and blue LED
Lamp bead is to arrange in a certain order, so the uniformity of light quality can not solve very well always.Photosynthesis is the weight of plant growth
Physiological activity is wanted, and light intensity and suitable spectrum are then closely related with photosynthesis.It is photosynthetic in other conditions suitable in the case of
Effect increases with the enhancing of intensity of illumination.The light intensity that the vegetable growth phase needs is planted higher than Seedling Stage in current plant LED
In object factory, to keep standardized management, majority of plants factory LED is highly kept constant, generally from cultivation bed 30-
50cm, so in order to ensure that the vegetable growth later stage can obtain enough intensities of illumination and illuminating area, the vegetable seedling phase not
Not provide far above required intensity of illumination and illuminating area, cause in vegetable growth early period, most of light source all does useless
Work(is finally translated into thermal energy, and excessive thermal energy then needs the cooling tool exhaust such as air-conditioning.
Spinach (Spinaciaoleracea L.) also known as Persian dish, red root vegetables, parrot dish etc., category Chenopodiaceae spinach category, 1 year
Raw herbaceous plant originates in Iran, and China generally cultivates, and is one of extremely common vegetables.Spinach category hardy vegetable, seed is at 4 DEG C
When can sprout, most suitable for 15-20 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C suitable of temperature of nutrient growth, 25 DEG C or more undergrowths, overground part energy
Resistance to subzero 6-8 DEG C of low temperature.Spinach leaf area is big, and tissue is tender, higher to moisture requirement.Moisture is sufficient, meat when growing vigorous
Thickness, yield is high, and quality is good.At present, the artificial growth mode of spinach is essentially greenhouse gardening, a spinach from be seeded into grow up to
18g takes around 0.3-0.4 kilowatt hour electric energy, since energy consumption high heat is big, needs cooling system heat extraction, further increases
The cost of plantation.
In conclusion deficiency existing for the existing spinach planted in plant factor is：1. energy consumption is big, planting cost is high；
2. the spectrum, nutrient composition used in each growth phase of spinach are consistent, cause growth cycle slow；3. spinach quality is low, plantation
Needed in the process using nutrient solution so that in ripe spinach content of nitrite in 3.5-4.5mg/kg, close to even higher than without
The content of public hazards vegetables standard nitrite；4. spinach " leaf scorch " is seriously, generally between 3-4%；5. spinach is long day
According to crop, the easy bolting of plant is bloomed under high temperature long-day conditions, so strictly to control light application time and temperature.
Invention content
It is low the purpose of the present invention is disclosing a kind of planting cost, the fast side that spinach is planted in plant factor of maturation time
Method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is：Implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor lead to
The light irradiation spinach that the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-99% is sent out is crossed, implantation methods include the following steps successively：
(1) the vernalization phase is sowed, without illumination, 2-3 days time, temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 95%-
100%, spinach seed is placed in sponge, clear water vernalization；To 80%-95% germinations；
(2) seedling retardation phase, the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 5.5-6:1, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 4-
8cm；Most start the two panels blade occurred as cotyledon, seedling retardation phase terminates about 3-4 piece true leaves occur；The PPF of LED lamp is
0.047-0.311μmol/s；
(3) root system Fast-growing stage, the number of blade are 5-6 pieces, and 4-6 days time, temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 60%-
70%, the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 5-5.5:1, root system Fast-growing stage blue light ratio in red blue light is more than seedling retardation phase
Blue light ratio in red blue light；The distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 8-13cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 0.240-0.835 μ
mol/s；
(4) blade amplification phase, the number of blade are 11-13 pieces, and the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4.5-5:1, the blade amplification phase
Blue light ratio in red blue light is more than root system Fast-growing stage blue light ratio in red blue light, and the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 13-
19cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 0.918-2.14 μm of ol/s；
(5) animated period is grown, the number of blade is 14-16 pieces, and the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4-4.5:1, grow animated period
Blue light ratio in red blue light is more than blade and expands phase blue light ratio in red blue light, and the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 19-
27cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 2.27-5.19 μm of ol/s；
(6) stationary phase is grown, the number of blade is 16-17 pieces, and the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4-4.5:1, grow stationary phase
Blue light ratio in red blue light is more than blade and expands phase blue light ratio in red blue light, and the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 27-
32cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 2.51-4.92 μm of ol/s；
(7) picking time, the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4.5-5:1, picking time blue light ratio in red blue light is less than life
Long stationary phase blue light ratio in red blue light, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 32-33cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 3.67-
6.14μmol/s；
Above-mentioned seedling retardation phase, root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification phase, growth animated period and growth stationary phase are illumination alternatings
It carries out, carries out continuous illumination within 24 hours before picking time picking.
Preferably, using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPF of seedling retardation phase LED lamp is
0.047-0.207 μm of ol/s, root system Fast-growing stage LED lamp PPF are 0.240-0.557 μm of ol/s, and blade expands phase LED lamp
PPF is 0.918-1.63 μm of ol/s, and the PPF of growth animated period LED lamp is 2.27-3.46 μm of ol/s, grows stationary phase LED light
The PPF of tool is 2.51-3.28 μm of ol/s, and the PPF of picking time LED lamp is 3.67-4.09 μm of ol/s.
Preferably, using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-90%, the PPF of seedling retardation phase LED lamp is
0.052-0.311 μm of ol/s, root system Fast-growing stage LED lamp PPF are 0.264-0.835 μm of ol/s, and blade expands phase LED lamp
PPF is 1.01-2.14 μm of ol/s, and the PPF of growth animated period LED lamp is 2.50-5.19 μm of ol/s, grows stationary phase LED light
The PPF of tool is 2.76-4.92 μm of ol/s, and the PPF of picking time LED lamp is 4.04-6.14 μm of ol/s.
Preferably, blade expands the phase, the time is 3-5 days, relative humidity 50%-70%；Grow animated period, time 4-6
My god, relative humidity 50%-70%；Growth stationary phase, 3-4 days, relative humidity 50%-70%；Picking time, time are up to 3-4 days,
Relative humidity 60%-80%.
Preferably, the Ca contents in the nutrient solution that uses of picking time are prosperous higher than root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification phase, growth
Ca contents in the nutrient solution that peak period and growth stationary phase use；N content in the nutrient solution that picking time uses is less than root system speed
N content in the nutrient solution that raw phase, blade amplification phase, growth animated period and growth stationary phase use.
Preferably, the nutrient solution concentration that uses of seedling retardation phase is 0.05%-0.07%, the nutrition added in nutrient solution
Element includes following components：N 6-7mmol/L, K 2.0-2.3mmol/L, Ca 0.5-1mmol/L, P 0.3-0.6mmol/L,
Mg 0.6-1mmol/L, S 0.3-0.6mmol/L, Fe 30-40 μm ol/L, other 25-30 μm of ol/L of element；Root system Fast-growing stage
Nutrient solution concentration for 0.08%-0.11%, the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N 7-9mmol/L, K
3.5-5mmol/L, Ca 1-2mmol/L, P 1-1.5mmol/L, Mg 0.9-1.2mmol/L, S 0.6-1mmol/L, Fe 40-
50 μm of ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element；The nutrient solution concentration of blade amplification phase is 0.12%-0.18%, is added in nutrient solution
The nutrient added includes following components：N 8-12mmol/L, K 7-9mmol/L, Ca 1.5-2.5mmol/L, P 1.5-
2.0mmol/L, Mg 1.3-1.7mol/L, S 1-1.5mmol/L, Fe 60-90 μm ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element；It is raw
The nutrient solution concentration of long animated period is 0.16%-0.23%, and the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N 13-
17mmol/L, K 7-10mmol/L, Ca 2.5-3mmol/L, P 1.8-2.2mmol/L, Mg 1.6-2.0mmol/L, S 1.8-
2.2mmol/L, Fe 90-110 μm of ol/L, other 70-80 μm of ol/L of element；The nutrient solution concentration for growing stationary phase is 0.1%-
0.2%, the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N 8-12mmol/L, K 6-10mmol/L, Ca 1.7-
2.3mmol/L, P 1.3-1.7mmol/L, Mg 1.3-1.5mmol/L, S 1.3-1.5mmol/L, Fe 60-80 μm ol/L,
50-60 μm of ol/L of its element；The nutrient solution concentration of picking time is 0.1%-0.2%, and the nutrient added in nutrient solution is by matter
It measures percentage and includes following component N 5-7mmol/L, K 5-7mmol/L, Ca 2.5-3.5mmol/L, P 1.3-1.7mmol/L,
Mg 1.3-1.7mmol/L, S 1.3-1.7mmol/L, Fe 60-80 μm ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element；Further,
Other elements include one or more combinations in B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo in nutrient solution.The battalion according to needed for spinach different growing stages
Foster difference provides each period nutrient composition, and each ion is made to reach spinach and absorbs most rational balanced proportions, reduces excess
The accumulation of ion improves the utilization rate of nutrient solution.
Using implantation methods of the spinach of above-mentioned technical proposal in plant factor, according to the habit of spinach, in spinach
Dish different growing stages not only shorten the maturation time of spinach, but also improve using the light irradiation spinach of different proportion of red blue light
The quality of spinach.Pass through different adjustment the distance between the lamps and lanterns and spinach of spinach growth height so that lamps and lanterns are aimed downwardly face
Just covering spinach, raising luminous energy interest rate reduce energy consumption, since the reduction of energy consumption reduces the load of cooling system, into one to product
Step reduces the cost of plantation.In conclusion the advantages of implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor is that planting cost is low, into
The ripe time is fast.
Specific embodiment
Implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor, include the following steps successively：
(1) the vernalization phase is sowed, without illumination, 2-3 days time, temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 95%-
100%, spinach seed is placed in sponge, clear water vernalization；To 80%-95% germinations；
(2) seedling retardation phase, 4-8 days time, temperature control is at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 75%-95%；Red blue light ratio
Example is 5.5-6:1；The distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 4-8cm；There are about 3-4 piece true leaves in this stage, most starts what is occurred
Two panels blade is cotyledon；
If using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 51-89 μm of ol/
m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 0.047-0.207 μm of ol/s；If using the LED light of red blue light accounting 60%-90%
Tool, will reach same effect, then the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 56-133 μm of ol/m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides are
0.052-0.311μmol/s；
The nutrient solution total concentration that seedling retardation phase uses is about 0.0613%, and the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes
Following components：N 6.7mmol/L, K 2.2mmol/L, Ca 0.75mmol/L, P 0.5mmol/L, Mg 0.84mmol/L, S
28 μm of ol/L such as 0.5mmol/L, Fe 35 μm of ol/L, surplus B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo；The nutrient solution of seedling retardation phase is with respect to it
Its stage adds more N, Mg and trace element, but can not be excessive, in order to avoid ion is caused to inhibit.This stage is chlorophyll
Synthesis phase, N and Mg are the important elements that Chlorophyll synthesis needs, and the Fe in trace element is synthesis protochlorophyllide
Key element, micro- Mn, Zn, Cu etc. are then the indispensable elements of certain enzymes in Chlorophyll synthesis；
(3) root system Fast-growing stage, 4-6 days time, temperature control is at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 60%-70%, red blue light ratio
Example is 5-5.5:1；Root system Fast-growing stage blue light ratio in red blue light is more than seedling retardation phase blue light ratio in red blue light；Lamps and lanterns
The distance between spinach is 8-13cm；In this stage, root system of plant is transitioned into rapidly health by micro- damage state after being colonized
Growth conditions, root weight rapidly increase to more than 1.4g by 0.15g, and spinach bottom blade is fading, but is then restored, and blade is by 3-4
Piece grows into 5-6 pieces；
If using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 81-89 μm of ol/
m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 0.240-0.557 μm of ol/s；If using the LED light of red blue light accounting 60%-90%
Tool, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 89-133 μm of ol/m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 0.264-0.835 μm of ol/s；Root
Be the nutrient solution total concentration that Fast-growing stage uses it is about 0.101%, the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N
8.05mmol/L, K 4.47mmol/L, Ca 1.8mmol/L, P 1.25mmol/L, Mg 1.0mmol/L, S 0.85mmol/L,
55 μm of ol/L such as Fe 45 μm of ol/L, surplus B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo；It is more in relatively other stages of root system Fast-growing stage nutrient solution
P is added, P can then promote plant stalk to grow so that spinach grows taller and more straight；
(4) the blade amplification phase, the time is 3-5 days, and temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 50%-70%, LED lamp
Proportion of red blue light be 4.5-5:1, blade expands phase blue light ratio in red blue light and is more than root system Fast-growing stage blue light in red blue light
Middle ratio, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 13-19cm；In this stage, root system of plant is more healthy and stronger, can stablize a large amount of
It absorbs nutrition and maintains transpiration, blade quantity increases rapidly, increases to 11-13 pieces or so, but aerial part is total from 5-6 pieces
Biomass increases limited；
Using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 121-133 μm of ol/m2/
S, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 0.918-1.63 μm of ol/s；Using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-90%, spinach is reached
The PPFD of dish leaf piece is 133-200 μm of ol/m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 1.01-2.14 μm of ol/s；Blade amplification phase battalion
Nutrient solution concentration is 0.165%, N 11mmol/L, K 8mmol/L, Ca 2mmol/L, P 1.8mmol/L, Mg 1.42mmol/L, S
55 μm of ol/L such as 1.44mmol/L, Fe 70 μm of ol/L, surplus B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo；Blade expands the rapid of phase blade quantity
Increase, thus nutrient solution in N, Mg and micronutrient levels carried out appropriate increase, while can synthesize more chlorophyll and
Carotenoids；
(5) animated period is grown, the time is 4-6 days, and temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 50%-70%；LED lamp
Proportion of red blue light be 4-4.5:1, growth animated period blue light ratio in red blue light is more than blade and expands phase blue light in red blue light
Middle ratio, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 19-27cm；In this period of time, aboveground vegetation part quality increases sharply, leaf
Piece increases to 15 or so from 13, and strain width then increases to 16cm from 12cm；
If using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 162-178 μm of ol/
m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 2.27-3.46 μm of ol/s；If using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-90%,
The PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 178-267 μm of ol/m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 2.50-5.19 μm of ol/s；It grows prosperous
The nutrient solution total concentration that peak period uses is about 0.201%, and the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N
95 μ of 16.5mmol/L, K 9.5mmol/L, Ca2.9mmol/L, P 2mmol/L, Mg 1.8mmol/L, S 1.9mmol/L, Fe
75 μm of ol/L such as mol/L, surplus B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo；It grows in the nutrient solution of animated period and adds more Fe, this stage
For plant growth animated period, plant growth is very fast, increases the amount of Fe and can to the greatest extent meet needed for crop, improves battalion
Support utilization rate；
(6) stationary phase is grown, the time is 3-4 days, and temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 50%-70%；LED lamp
Proportion of red blue light be 4-4.5:1, growth stationary phase blue light ratio in red blue light is more than blade and expands phase blue light in red blue light
Middle ratio, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 27-32cm；In this stage, plant growth rate weakens, and plant commodity is
It substantially forms, the number of blade increases to 17 or so from 15, and blade increases unobvious, and strain width increases to 18cm from 16cm；Plant commodity
Property has been formed.
If using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 121-133 μm of ol/
m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 2.51-3.28 μm of ol/s；If using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-90%,
The PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 133-200 μm of ol/m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 2.76-4.92 μm of ol/s；Growth is steady
Regularly nutrient solution concentration is 0.129%, and the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components by mass percentage：N
11mmol/L, K 8mmol/L, Ca2.014mmol/L, P 1.368mmol/L, Mg 1.349mmol/L, S 1.368mmol/L,
52.25 μm of ol/L such as Fe 66.5 μm of ol/L, surplus B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo；
(7) harvest time, time are 3-4 days, temperature control at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 60%-80%, LED lamp it is red
Blue light ratio is 4.5-5:1, picking time blue light ratio in red blue light is less than growth stationary phase blue light ratio, lamp in red blue light
The distance between tool and spinach are 32-33cm；In this stage, the number of blade, strain width hardly increase, and lobus cardiacus is put down with siphonal lobe, can
Harvesting listing carries out continuous illumination in 24 hours before harvesting, can significantly reduce nitrate content, improves soluble sugar, vitamin C contains
Amount, and free radical scavenging activity is improved, promote quality of vegetable.
The nutrient solution total concentration that harvest time uses is about 0.118%, N 6mmol/L, K 6.4mmol/L, Ca3mmol/
55 μ such as L, P 1.4mmol/L, Mg 1.42mmol/L, S 1.44mmol/L, Fe 70 μm of ol/L, surplus B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo
mol/L；Harvest time carries out subtracting nitrogen processing, relative to root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification phase, growth animated period and growth stationary phase drop
The usage amount of low N, Nitrate Content In Spinach when can significantly reduce harvesting, and greatly improve spinach vitamin content；Picking time increases
Add Ca concentration, effectively prevent spinach " leaf scorch ", promote quality of vegetable, incidence is reduced to 0.95% from 3.15% before；
Using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 90%-99%, the PPFD for reaching Spinach Leaf is 141-156 μm of ol/m2/
S, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 3.67-4.09 μm of ol/s；Using the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-90%, spinach is reached
The PPFD of blade is 156-233 μm of ol/m2/ s, the PPF that LED lamp provides is 4.04-6.14 μm of ol/s.
Above-mentioned seedling retardation phase, root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification the phase, growth animated period, growth stationary phase and picking time be
Alternately, first four period generally turns on light 12 hours daily for illumination, turns off the light 12 hours, grows stationary phase and picking time opens daily
Lamp 8 hours is turned off the light 16 hours, and ph keeps neutral or subacidity, carries out continuous illumination within 24 hours before picking time picking.
PPFD is photon hypothesis, refers to the pharosage in photosynthetically active radiation, it represents unit interval unit
Light quantity subnumber incident in 400~700nm wave-length coverages on area.Unit μm ol/m2/ s, PPF then represent that the unit interval exists
Incident light quantity subnumber in 400~700nm wave-length coverages.Unit μm ol/s, in the case where not considering lamp bead attenuation, lamps and lanterns institute
The PPF values of offer are constant, and PPFD is then inversely proportional for related with height and distance square.QE is light quantum efficiency, is represented artificial
Light source is in the strong absorption light area of 400~700nm wave-length coverages, i.e., blue violet light area and the 640-680nm that wavelength is 400-470nm
Red light district.Chlorophyll a is shorter than chlorophyll b in blue violet light area absorption peak wavelength, and it is longer than chlorophyll b in red light district wavelength.
Ratio between general plant chlorophyll a and b is 3:1 or so.In short, chlorophyll has maximum absorption in 450nm and 660nm
Peak.Through measuring and calculating, the PPFD needed after spinach is colonized is in 80-320 μm of ol/m2/ s only needs 40-160 μ if simple red blue light
mol/m2/ s.The required electrical power of single plant spinach, P=PPFD are obtained from the PPFD needed for plantRed indigo plant/η1*SLeaf area/η2/
QE, η1For red blue light accounting, η2For the energy accounting that lamp bead is transmitted after encapsulation, QE is light quantum efficiency, represents artificial light sources
In PAR ranges, unit of electrical energy is converted to the ability of light quantum.Such as in the root system fast-growing end of term, spinach is required simple red
Blue light PPFD is 80umol/m2/ s or so, spinach leaf area are 62.6cm2, it is assumed that using the LED light (η of red blue light accounting 90%1
=90%, QE=1.8), then this LED PPFD to be provided are 80/0.90=89umol/m2/ s, and PPF=PPFD*S, institute
The PPF=89umol/m needed with spinach2/s*62.6cm2/ 10000=0.556umol/s, this is the PPF that spinach needs, and lamp
Pearl after encapsulation and in irradiation process lose by energy, and the general PPF for reaching spinach is original 80%, so PPFLamp=
0.556/80%=0.696umol/s, the QE of this last lamp is 1.8umol/J, so P=PPFLamp/ QE=0.696/1.8=
0.386w.Total formula P=PPFDRed indigo plant/η1*SLeaf area/η2/ QE, P=80 μm of ol/m2/ s/90%*62.6c m2/ 10000/80%/
1.8 μm of ol/J=0.386w.
Respectively using the prior art and the art of this patent plantation spinach, 30 plants of spinach (being averaged), 3 weights are randomly selected
It is multiple, it is measured with ruler and records spinach plant height, strain width, leaf are long, leaf width.First with electronic balance weighing fresh weight, Ran Hou after sampling
Its dry weight is surveyed after drying to constant weight in 60 DEG C of baking ovens；Vc, soluble sugar content are measured using anthrone colorimetry；Nitrate content measures
Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Obtain following tables of data 1.
Table 1：Using the data comparison table of the spinach of prior art plantation and the spinach using the art of this patent plantation.
Claims (7)
1. implantation methods of the spinach in plant factor, it is characterised in that sent out by the LED lamp of red blue light accounting 60%-99%
The light irradiation spinach gone out, implantation methods include the following steps successively：
(1) the vernalization phase is sowed, without illumination, 2-3 days time, temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 95%-100%, spinach
Colza is placed in sponge, clear water vernalization；To 80%-95% germinations；
(2) seedling retardation phase, the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 5.5-6:1, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 4-8cm；Most
Start the two panels blade occurred as cotyledon, seedling retardation phase terminates about 3-4 piece true leaves occur；The PPF of LED lamp is 0.047-
0.311μmol/s；
(3) root system Fast-growing stage, the number of blade are 5-6 pieces, and 4-6 days time, temperature is controlled at 15-20 DEG C, relative humidity 60%-
70%, the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 5-5.5:1, root system Fast-growing stage blue light ratio in red blue light is more than seedling retardation phase
Blue light ratio in red blue light；The distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 8-13cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 0.240-0.835 μ
mol/s；
(4) blade amplification phase, the number of blade are 11-13 pieces, and the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4.5-5:1, blade amplification phase blue light
Ratio is more than root system Fast-growing stage blue light ratio in red blue light in red blue light, and the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 13-19cm；
The PPF of LED lamp is 0.918-2.14 μm of ol/s；
(5) animated period is grown, the number of blade is 14-16 pieces, and the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4-4.5:1, grow animated period blue light
Ratio is more than blade amplification phase blue light ratio in red blue light in red blue light, and the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 19-27cm；
The PPF of LED lamp is 2.27-5.19 μm of ol/s；
(6) stationary phase is grown, the number of blade is 16-17 pieces, and the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4-4.5:1, grow stationary phase blue light
Ratio is more than blade amplification phase blue light ratio in red blue light in red blue light, and the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 27-32cm；
The PPF of LED lamp is 2.51-4.92 μm of ol/s；
(7) picking time, the proportion of red blue light of LED lamp is 4.5-5:1, it is steady that picking time blue light ratio in red blue light is less than growth
Regular blue light ratio in red blue light, the distance between lamps and lanterns and spinach are 32-33cm；The PPF of LED lamp is 3.67-6.14 μ
mol/s；
Above-mentioned seedling retardation phase, root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification the phase, growth animated period and growth stationary phase be illumination alternately into
Row carries out continuous illumination in 24 hours before picking time picking.
2. implantation methods of the spinach according to claim 1 in plant factor, it is characterised in that use red blue light accounting
The LED lamp of 90%-99%, the PPF of seedling retardation phase LED lamp are 0.047-0.207 μm of ol/s, root system Fast-growing stage LED light
Tool PPF is 0.240-0.557 μm of ol/s, and blade amplification phase LED lamp PPF is 0.918-1.63 μm of ol/s, growth animated period LED
The PPF of lamps and lanterns is 2.27-3.46 μm of ol/s, and the PPF of growth stationary phase LED lamp is 2.51-3.28 μm of ol/s, picking time LED
The PPF of lamps and lanterns is 3.67-4.09 μm of ol/s.
3. implantation methods of the spinach according to claim 1 in plant factor, it is characterised in that use red blue light accounting
The LED lamp of 60%-90%, the PPF of seedling retardation phase LED lamp are 0.052-0.311 μm of ol/s, root system Fast-growing stage LED light
Tool PPF is 0.264-0.835 μm of ol/s, and blade amplification phase LED lamp PPF is 1.01-2.14 μm of ol/s, growth animated period LED
The PPF of lamps and lanterns is 2.50-5.19 μm of ol/s, and the PPF of growth stationary phase LED lamp is 2.76-4.92 μm of ol/s, picking time LED
The PPF of lamps and lanterns is 4.04-6.14 μm of ol/s.
4. implantation methods of the spinach according to claim 1 in plant factor, it is characterised in that blade expands phase, time
It is 3-5 days, relative humidity 50%-70%；Grow animated period, 4-6 days time, relative humidity 50%-70%；Grow stationary phase,
3-4 days, relative humidity 50%-70%；Picking time, time are up to 3-4 days, relative humidity 60%-80%.
5. implantation methods of the spinach according to claim 1 in plant factor, it is characterised in that used in picking time
The nutrient solution that Ca contents in nutrient solution are used higher than root system Fast-growing stage, blade amplification phase, growth animated period and growth stationary phase
In Ca contents；N content in the nutrient solution that picking time uses less than root system Fast-growing stage, the blade amplification phase, growth animated period and
N content in the nutrient solution that growth stationary phase uses.
6. implantation methods of the spinach according to claim 1 in plant factor, it is characterised in that seedling retardation phase uses
Nutrient solution concentration for 0.05%-0.07%, the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N 6-7mmol/L, K
2.0-2.3mmol/L, Ca 0.5-1mmol/L, P 0.3-0.6mmol/L, Mg 0.6-1mmol/L, S 0.3-0.6mmol/L,
Fe 30-40 μm ol/L, other 25-30 μm of ol/L of element；The nutrient solution concentration of root system Fast-growing stage be 0.08%-0.11%, nutrition
The nutrient added in liquid includes following components：N 7-9mmol/L, K 3.5-5mmol/L, Ca 1-2mmol/L, P 1-
1.5mmol/L, Mg 0.9-1.2mmol/L, S 0.6-1mmol/L, Fe 40-50 μm ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element；
The nutrient solution concentration of blade amplification phase is 0.12%-0.18%, and the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N 8-
12mmol/L, K 7-9mmol/L, Ca 1.5-2.5mmol/L, P 1.5-2.0mmol/L, Mg 1.3-1.7mol/L, S 1-
1.5mmol/L, Fe 60-90 μm of ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element；The nutrient solution concentration for growing animated period is 0.16%-
0.23%, the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following components：N 13-17mmol/L, K 7-10mmol/L, Ca 2.5-
3mmol/L, P 1.8-2.2mmol/L, Mg 1.6-2.0mmol/L, S 1.8-2.2mmol/L, Fe 90-110 μm ol/L, it is other
70-80 μm of ol/L of element；The nutrient solution concentration of stationary phase is grown for 0.1%-0.2%, the nutrient packet added in nutrient solution
Include following components：N 8-12mmol/L, K 6-10mmol/L, Ca 1.7-2.3mmol/L, P 1.3-1.7mmol/L, Mg 1.3-
1.5mmol/L, S 1.3-1.5mmol/L, Fe 60-80 μm ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element；The nutrient solution of picking time is dense
It spends for 0.1%-0.2%, the nutrient added in nutrient solution includes following component N 5-7mmol/L, K by mass percentage
5-7mmol/L, Ca 2.5-3.5mmol/L, P 1.3-1.7mmol/L, Mg 1.3-1.7mmol/L, S 1.3-1.7mmol/L,
Fe 60-80 μm ol/L, other 50-60 μm of ol/L of element.
7. implantation methods of the spinach according to claim 6 in plant factor, it is characterised in that other members in nutrient solution
Element includes one or more combinations in B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo.
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