CN108243809B

CN108243809B - Safe overwintering method for young fruit trees

Info

Publication number: CN108243809B
Application number: CN201810179282.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘小勇; 沈宝云; 彭海; 任静; 韩富军; 班明辉; 刘芬
Original assignee: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: INSTITUTE OF FRUIT AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2018-03-05
Filing date: 2018-03-05
Publication date: 2020-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-05
Also published as: CN108243809A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a safe overwintering method for young fruit trees, which is particularly suitable for young fruit trees below 3 years old. The test sets the thickness and color of different covering films and the method for building the soil wall, and investigates and determines the overwintering twitch rate and the twitch index of the tree body. Aiming at the characteristic that the overwintering resistance of young fruit trees is weak, the method of combining the heat-preservation soil wall with the film-covering heat storage is adopted, the method has the advantages of in-situ soil taking, simple and convenient operation, labor saving, low cost and the like, and can obviously improve the soil temperature and reduce the thickness of a frozen soil layer and the overwintering stripping rate of the fruit trees. The method is suitable for popularization and application in the areas where the young fruit trees in the north cannot safely overwinter in open field.

Description

Safe overwintering method for young fruit trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a safe overwintering method for young fruit trees, which is particularly suitable for young fruit trees below 3 years old.

Technical Field

The phenomenon of stripping often occurs in the winter period of young fruit trees in northern areas of China, and the young trees often have the stripping phenomenon in early spring season and cause the death of trees in areas such as yellow areas along the middle of Gansu province, riverside corridors and the like with cold winter and spring, windy wind and large evaporation capacity. The traditional management method for overwintering of the saplings comprises soil burying, film winding, film laying and the like, can basically solve the overwintering problem, but is time-consuming and labor-consuming, easy to cause mechanical damage to trees, high in production cost and low in benefit, and the uniformity of an orchard is affected. The overwintering of the saplings becomes a main influence factor for limiting the normal growth and development of fruit trees. In order to achieve the purpose of high yield of early fruit of fruit trees, a safe overwintering method suitable for young fruit trees is developed and is very necessary to be popularized and applied in similar regions.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the defects of the prior art and provides a safe overwintering method for young fruit trees, which is capable of taking soil on site, simple and convenient to operate, labor-saving and low in cost.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a safe overwintering method for young fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. prefabricated baffle model

Manufacturing a baffle plate model with the height of 40-45 cm and the length of 100-150 cm;

B. construction of heat-insulating earth wall

Inserting the baffle model on the ground 60-80 cm away from the trunk of the young tree, piling soil on one side of the baffle model to form a heat-preservation soil wall, and drawing out the baffle model for later use;

C. earth wall film

One side of the plastic film is wrapped by the soil wall, and the other side of the plastic film is tied up at the lower part of the trunk of the young tree to form a heat storage space.

And in the step A, the cross section of the baffle is arched or semi-annular.

And B, piling soil on one side of the baffle plate model to form a heat-insulation soil wall, wherein the section of the soil wall is arched or semi-annular.

And B, setting a single group of soil walls, positioning by using a GPS (global positioning system) before fixing the baffle model, and positioning the baffle model at a position 5 degrees off the west in the due north direction of the trunk.

And C, the plastic film in the step C is black or white, and the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01-0.12 mm.

And C, compacting the edges of the plastic films bound above the trunks of the young trees by using stones or soil layers.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the baffle plate model with the height of 40-45 cm and the length of 100-150cm is manufactured, the baffle plate model can be repeatedly used, the soil wall with the height of 40-45 cm and the length of 100-150cm is manufactured through the baffle plate model, the effect of storing heat is achieved, and meanwhile, the branches and stems of the fruit trees are effectively separated from winter and spring and blown by northern wind.

2. And wrapping the soil wall by using a plastic film, and binding the soil wall on the trunk of the young tree. And a certain heat storage space is formed between the heat storage plate and the ground. Heat is collected by the plastic film and stored by the soil wall in the daytime, and the overwintering and cold-proof performance of young fruit trees is improved.

The invention provides a safe overwintering method suitable for young fruit trees in cold areas in the north. The test sets the thickness and color of different covering films and the method for building the soil wall, and investigates and determines the overwintering twitch rate and the twitch index of the tree body. Aiming at the characteristic that the overwintering resistance of young fruit trees is weak, the method of combining the heat-preservation soil wall with the film-covering heat storage is adopted, the method has the advantages of in-situ soil taking, simple and convenient operation, labor saving, low cost and the like, and can obviously improve the soil temperature and reduce the thickness of a frozen soil layer and the overwintering stripping rate of the fruit trees. The method is suitable for popularization and application in the areas where the young fruit trees in the north cannot safely overwinter in open field.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram I illustrating the effect of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a test result chart II of the present invention.

Detailed Description

A safe overwintering method for young fruit trees comprises the following steps:

A. prefabricated baffle model

B. construction of heat-insulating earth wall

C. earth wall film

And in the step A, the cross section of the baffle is arched or semi-annular. And B, piling soil on one side of the baffle plate model to form a heat-insulation soil wall, wherein the section of the soil wall is arched or semi-annular. Effectively isolating wind to directly blow the trunk.

And B, setting a single group of soil walls, positioning by using a GPS (global positioning system) before fixing the baffle model, and positioning the baffle model at a position 5 degrees off the west in the due north direction of the trunk. Is particularly suitable for northern climatic conditions and effectively resists northwest wind in northern cold winter.

And C, the plastic film in the step C is black or white, and the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01-0.12 mm. The integrity of the film is checked regularly, and a thicker shed film can be selected at a place with more birds, so that the film is prevented from being cut by the birds.

And C, compacting the edges of the plastic films bound above the trunks of the young trees by using stones or soil layers. The film edge is compacted in situ by taking soil, and the heat storage effect is effectively improved.

The test varieties are 'Jinfu' and 'Changfu No. 2', the tree age is 2 years, the planting density is 2m × 4 m, and different test treatment site conditions and field management are kept consistent.

The south edge of the Tenggery desert at the test garden is 1630 m in elevation; the annual average temperature is 8.6 ℃, the annual precipitation amount is 183.7 mm, the annual evaporation amount is 2361 mm, the annual sunshine hours is 2723.9 h, and the frost-free period is 141 d; the soil is lime-lime soil, the pH value is 8.2, the soil is loose, and the organic matter content of the soil is 1.2%; the orchard has irrigation conditions.

The test sets 5 treatments of different orientations of the heat preservation wall (positive north, positive north to 20 degrees to the east, positive north to 20 degrees to the west, positive north to 5 degrees to the west, open field (CK) and the like.

Different film types were set: different colors (white and black) and different film thicknesses (0.01 mm mulching film and 0.02 mm to 0.12mm greenhouse film)

In order to verify the practical effect of the invention, the following method is adopted for test analysis:

and (3) measuring the soil temperature: and measuring the soil temperature by using a thermometer, surveying for 15 d each month from 12 months to 4 months in the next year, surveying for 5 d each in the upper, middle and lower ten days, surveying for 3 times in the morning, at the middle and at the evening each day, and calculating the average soil temperature of 0-30 cm in different treatments.

Thickness of frozen soil layer: and comprehensively judging the thickness of the frozen soil layer by measuring the soil form and the soil temperature. The measurement was performed twice every 10 and 25 days per month, and the maximum frozen soil thickness and the average frozen soil thickness were calculated.

Freezing drought index and stripping rate: according to the severity of the tree body and branch cutting, the tree body and branch cutting is divided into 6 grades, the first grade is that the tree body and branch are normal, the sixth grade is that the overground part is dead, the second grade to fifth grade are 4 kinds of freezing drought degrees from light to heavy, and according to the freezing drought plant trees of each grade, the freezing drought index and the cutting rate are calculated.

The method comprises the steps of adopting an electrolyte conductivity measurement method, respectively collecting 30 1-year-old branches fully grown on the peripheries of two varieties of crowns, selecting branch segments with consistent growth and no bud eyes, shearing the branch segments into 0.5 cm, weighing 3 parts, respectively adding 40 m L parts of distilled water, leaching for 12 hours in a constant temperature box at 20 ℃, measuring the conductivity (C1) of the leaching solution by using a DDS-11 conductivity meter, covering a triangular flask, placing the triangular flask in a steamer, cooking for 20 minutes, cooling, placing the triangular flask in a constant temperature box at 20 ℃ for leaching for 12 hours, measuring the conductivity (C2), and calculating the electrolyte seepage rate (%) = C1/C2 × 100 of the branches.

Results and analysis:

soil temperature: test results prove that the soil temperature of the soil walls in different directions can be obviously improved, and the temperature of the technical scheme (the positive north is 5 degrees to the west) is the highest and is improved by 2.3 ℃ compared with the contrast on average. The temperature of the soil covered by different films is different, and the using effect of the white film greenhouse film is better than that of the black film greenhouse film. Thicker greenhouse films are also resistant to damage by birds.

Thickness of frozen soil layer: the maximum frozen soil thickness is reduced in different treatments, the maximum frozen soil thickness is 45cm by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the maximum frozen soil thickness is reduced by 19 cm compared with 64 cm in the open field, and the average frozen soil thickness (22.8 cm) is reduced by 24.4 cm compared with the control. Meanwhile, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the soil is completely unfrozen in the last 4 th month, and the thickness of the frozen soil is still 15cm from the contrast to the last 4 th month.

Freezing drought index and stripping rate: by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the Fuji frost drought index and the strip drawing rate are respectively 0.4 and 5.0 percent, the gold richness is 0.8 and 4.6 percent, and the contrast frost drought index and the strip drawing rate are respectively 63.1 and 82.5 percent, 62.1 and 84.1 percent. The technical scheme greatly reduces the overwintering injury of the saplings.

Conductivity of the branches: the conductivity of the shoot before germination is positively correlated with the shoot rate of the sapling. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the conductivity before germination is 34.28 percent, which is 7.29 percent lower than 41.57 percent of the contrast, and the Fuji conductivity has larger change than the Jinfu conductivity. The technical scheme of the invention obviously reduces the conductivity of the branches.

In conclusion, the method can effectively improve the soil temperature in the wintering period, reduce the thickness of the frozen soil layer, lead the soil thawing time to be advanced, and be beneficial to the early movement of the root system of the fruit tree, thereby reducing the overwintering strip drawing of the young trees.

Claims

1. A safe overwintering method for young fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. prefabricating a baffle plate model, and manufacturing the baffle plate model with the height of 40-45 cm and the length of 100-150 cm;

B. construction of heat-insulating earth wall

The method comprises the following steps that a baffle plate model is inserted on the ground 60-80 cm away from a trunk of a young tree, soil is piled on one side of the baffle plate model to form a heat-preservation soil wall, a single-group soil wall is arranged, the baffle plate model is positioned by using a GPS in advance before being fixed, and the baffle plate model is located at a position 5 degrees to the west from the positive north of the trunk; drawing out the baffle plate model for later use;

C. earth wall film

2. The method for the safe overwintering of young fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross section of the baffle in the step A is arched or semi-circular.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step B is carried out by piling soil on one side of the baffle model to form a heat-insulating soil wall, and the soil wall has an arch or semi-circular cross section.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic film in step C is black or white, and the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01-0.12 mm.

5. The method for the safe overwintering of young fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step C, the plastic film bound above the trunk of the young tree is compacted at the edges of the plastic film by stones or soil layers.