CN108225899A - With the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture and method from alignment function - Google Patents

With the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture and method from alignment function Download PDF

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CN108225899A
CN108225899A CN201810001640.2A CN201810001640A CN108225899A CN 108225899 A CN108225899 A CN 108225899A CN 201810001640 A CN201810001640 A CN 201810001640A CN 108225899 A CN108225899 A CN 108225899A
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supporting block
sample
collet
protective frame
snap ring
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CN108225899B (en
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石多奇
程震
沙景恬
腾雪峰
杨晓光
齐红宇
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Beihang University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/04Chucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/18Performing tests at high or low temperatures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017Tensile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226High temperature; Heating means

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture and method having from alignment function, including hanging joint, collet, extension bar, snap ring, supporting block and protective frame;Upper and lower extension bar is connected by flexural pivot face with hanging joint, and two hanging joints are separately fixed on testing machine lower and upper cross-member;Each collet sets two supporting blocks in sample thickness direction front and rear surfaces, can be clamped by snap ring.The test fixture is connected by two flexural pivots with testing machine, can realize the automatic centering of extension test.Meanwhile snap ring under the effect of gravity can automatic clamping sample, and during sample heating and cooling thickness change realize automatic adjustment stablize clamping force.In addition, installing protective frame before on-test can accurately fix fixture collet up and down before testing machine is connected to, play the role of protecting thin sample.

Description

具有自对中功能的复合材料薄板高温拉伸测试夹具与方法Composite thin plate high temperature tensile test fixture and method with self-centering function

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种具有自对中功能的复合材料薄板高温拉伸测试夹具与方法,属于复合材料的高温试验领域。The invention relates to a composite material thin plate high-temperature tensile test fixture and method with self-centering function, belonging to the high-temperature test field of composite materials.

背景技术Background technique

复合材料具有高的比强度和比刚度,力学性能可设计等优点,应用在航空航天飞行器与发动机热端部件中,可以实现发动机性能的提高和重量的减轻。复合材料,如陶瓷基复合材料等,经常要被应用在高温部件,在高温下承受载荷。因此,测试复合材料在高温下的力学性能是有必要的,对复合材料进行高温拉伸测试则是测试其力学性能必要的实验手段。Composite materials have the advantages of high specific strength and specific stiffness, and designable mechanical properties. They are used in aerospace vehicles and engine hot-end parts, which can improve engine performance and reduce weight. Composite materials, such as ceramic matrix composites, are often used in high-temperature components to withstand loads at high temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to test the mechanical properties of composite materials at high temperature, and high temperature tensile testing of composite materials is a necessary experimental means to test their mechanical properties.

参照陶瓷基复合材料的高温拉伸试验标准ASTM C1359,由于陶瓷基复合材料具有脆性,夹具和试样的接触部分必须是平整均匀的面,不能是点接触或者线接触。夹具可以大致分为主动夹紧接触面和被动夹紧接触面两大类。主动夹紧接触面的夹具需要机械的、液压的或者气动力来夹紧试样,需要额外的装置提供垂直于试样表面的压力,在试样与夹具接触面上产生摩擦力来夹紧试样。被动夹紧接触面是直接通过机械的连接把力传递到试样上,例如轴肩或者孔。对于薄板,开孔会导致应力集中,导致试样被破坏。此外,如果开孔并通过销钉固定,高温下销钉还会容易变形,导致装卸不便。Referring to the high-temperature tensile test standard ASTM C1359 for ceramic matrix composites, due to the brittleness of ceramic matrix composites, the contact part between the fixture and the sample must be a flat and uniform surface, not point contact or line contact. Fixtures can be roughly divided into two categories: active clamping contact surface and passive clamping contact surface. Grips that actively clamp the contact surface require mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power to clamp the sample, and additional devices are required to provide pressure perpendicular to the surface of the sample and generate friction on the contact surface between the sample and the fixture to clamp the sample. Sample. Passive clamping contacts transfer force directly to the specimen through a mechanical connection, such as a shoulder or hole. For thin plates, openings can cause stress concentrations that can lead to failure of the specimen. In addition, if the holes are opened and fixed by pins, the pins will be easily deformed under high temperature, resulting in inconvenient assembly and disassembly.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明针对上述问题的不足提供了一种具有自对中功能的复合材料薄板高温拉伸测试夹具与方法,该测试夹具包括挂接头9、接杆8、防护架7、上卡环3、下卡环6、上支撑块2、下支撑块5、夹头1和试样4;The present invention provides a composite sheet high-temperature tensile test fixture and method with a self-centering function in view of the above-mentioned problems. Snap ring 6, upper support block 2, lower support block 5, chuck 1 and sample 4;

所述挂接头9包括上挂接头和下挂接头,上、下挂接头结构相同;上挂接头和下挂接头挂接处设计有凹球面19,球面半径根据夹具设计载荷确定,挂接处上方设计有冷却水嘴20,挂接头9固定在试验机上;The hanging joint 9 includes an upper hanging joint and a lower hanging joint, and the upper and lower hanging joints have the same structure; the joints of the upper hanging joint and the lower hanging joint are designed with a concave spherical surface 19, and the radius of the spherical surface is determined according to the design load of the fixture. A cooling water nozzle 20 is designed, and the hanging joint 9 is fixed on the testing machine;

所述接杆8包括上接杆和下接杆,上、下接杆结构相同;接杆一端21为凸球面,其尺寸与挂接头凹球面19处的半径相同,接杆8与挂接头9通过凹、凸球面19、21构成球铰相连接;接杆另一端为外螺纹22,且在靠近该外螺纹的位置设有一对扳手操作平面23,接杆延长段24长度根据高温炉尺寸确定,需确保凸球面21在高温炉外;The connecting rod 8 includes an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, and the upper and lower connecting rods have the same structure; one end 21 of the connecting rod is a convex spherical surface, and its size is the same as the radius of the concave spherical surface 19 of the hanging joint. Concave and convex spherical surfaces 19, 21 form a spherical joint to connect; the other end of the connecting rod is an external thread 22, and a pair of wrench operating planes 23 are provided near the external thread, and the length of the extending section 24 of the connecting rod is determined according to the size of the high-temperature furnace , it is necessary to ensure that the convex spherical surface 21 is outside the high-temperature furnace;

所述夹头1包括上夹头和下夹头,上、下夹头结构相同,夹头1的内螺纹孔25与接杆8的外螺纹22旋紧连接,夹头1与接杆8为分体式,便于根据不同样式进行夹头的更换;夹头远离夹持端的外圆柱面在正右侧设有一夹头定位平面11;The collet 1 includes an upper collet and a lower collet, the upper and lower collets have the same structure, the internal thread hole 25 of the collet 1 is screwed and connected with the external thread 22 of the post 8, and the collet 1 and the post 8 are Split type, easy to replace the chuck according to different styles; the outer cylindrical surface of the chuck away from the clamping end is provided with a chuck positioning plane 11 on the right side;

所述上支撑块2包括上支撑块上部12和上支撑块下部13,上支撑块上部12呈方形,左、右端面为平面,上支撑块下部13左、右端面为圆弧面;所述下支撑块5包括下支撑块上部14和下支撑块下部15,下支撑块上部14左、右端面为圆弧面,下支撑块下部15呈方形,左、右端面为平面;上支撑块2和下支撑块5各自组成倒T形,两个一组,分别贴合试样4的前表面和后表面,左右圆弧端面与试样齐平。The upper support block 2 includes an upper support block top 12 and an upper support block bottom 13, the upper support block top 12 is square, the left and right end faces are planes, and the upper support block bottom 13 left and right end faces are arc surfaces; Lower support block 5 comprises lower support block top 14 and lower support block bottom 15, and lower support block top 14 left and right end faces are circular arc surfaces, and lower support block bottom 15 is square, and left and right end faces are plane; Upper support block 2 Form an inverted T shape with the lower support block 5 respectively, and two groups fit the front surface and the rear surface of the sample 4 respectively, and the left and right circular arc end faces are flush with the sample.

试样装入状态下,上支撑块2和下支撑块5放在夹头内部16,上支撑块2和下支撑块5的截面形状与夹头内部16形状相互贴合,实现支撑块与夹头的相互定位;沿试样厚度方向,上支撑块下部13圆弧部分加厚,下支撑块下部15方形部分加厚,加厚方式由上至下按固定角度(推荐与支撑块的试样贴合面夹角在3-6°)斜面逐渐加厚,最终构成上窄下宽的楔形;When the sample is loaded, the upper support block 2 and the lower support block 5 are placed inside the chuck 16, and the cross-sectional shape of the upper support block 2 and the lower support block 5 fits with the shape of the chuck inner 16 to realize the connection between the support block and the clamp. Mutual positioning of the heads; along the thickness direction of the sample, the 13 arc parts of the lower part of the upper support block are thickened, and the 15 square parts of the lower support block are thickened. The angle between the fitting surface is 3-6°) The inclined surface gradually thickens, and finally forms a wedge shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom;

所述上卡环3和下卡环6都呈倒U形,上、下卡环内壁17、18内表面由上至下依照与上支撑块下部13和下支撑块下部15相同的斜面角度逐渐减薄;装入试样状态下,上、下卡环通过重力作用,上、下卡环内壁17、18分别压紧固定住上支撑块下部13和下支撑块下部15;而上、下卡环上部空心圆柱部分27、28与夹头下方外圆柱面26相互契合,由此实现卡环与夹头的相互定位,再借助支撑块,实现试样在夹头内部16前后方向的定位。The upper snap ring 3 and the lower snap ring 6 are all in an inverted U shape, and the inner surfaces of the upper and lower snap ring inner walls 17, 18 gradually change from top to bottom according to the same slope angle as the upper support block bottom 13 and the lower support block bottom 15. Thinning; under the state of loading the sample, the upper and lower snap rings press and fix the inner walls 17, 18 of the upper and lower snap rings respectively to fix the lower part 13 of the upper support block and the lower part 15 of the lower support block through the action of gravity; while the upper and lower snap rings The hollow cylindrical parts 27 and 28 on the upper part of the ring fit with the outer cylindrical surface 26 below the chuck, thereby realizing the mutual positioning of the snap ring and the chuck, and then using the support block to realize the positioning of the sample in the front and rear directions inside the chuck 16 .

上、下卡环3和6不仅能通过重力自动夹紧试样4,还能够根据试验温度自动平衡夹紧力,当试样4与支撑块的温度升高时,试样4和上下支撑块2和5的总厚度会增加,上、下卡环3和6会相对支撑块向上移动,自动平衡厚度方向夹紧力。The upper and lower snap rings 3 and 6 can not only automatically clamp the sample 4 by gravity, but also automatically balance the clamping force according to the test temperature. When the temperature of the sample 4 and the support block rises, the sample 4 and the upper and lower support blocks The total thickness of 2 and 5 will increase, and the upper and lower snap rings 3 and 6 will move upward relative to the support block to automatically balance the clamping force in the thickness direction.

所述防护架7由一根连接杆29,两根结构完全相同横杆30及K型手拧螺母31构成。组装完毕的防护架7,两根横杆的防护架定位面上部10a和防护架定位面下部10b在一个平面上。The protective frame 7 is composed of a connecting rod 29, two cross bars 30 with identical structures and K-type hand-tightened nuts 31. Assembled the protective frame 7, the upper part 10a of the positioning surface of the protective frame of the two cross bars and the lower part 10b of the positioning surface of the protective frame are on a plane.

防护架7在试验开始前,试样未装入时安装在夹头1上;通过旋开K型手拧螺母31,打开半环32,横杆30能够套入夹头1,随后锁紧K型手拧螺母31。防护架定位面10与夹头定位平面11相互配合定位,借助防护架定位面上部10a和防护架定位面下部10b实现上下夹头的周向定位。The protective frame 7 is installed on the chuck 1 before the test starts, when the sample is not loaded; by unscrewing the K-shaped hand-tightened nut 31, the half ring 32 is opened, the cross bar 30 can be inserted into the chuck 1, and then locked K Type thumb nut 31. The positioning surface 10 of the protective frame and the positioning plane 11 of the chuck are positioned in cooperation with each other, and the circumferential positioning of the upper and lower chucks is realized by means of the upper part 10a of the positioning surface of the protective frame and the lower part 10b of the positioning surface of the protective frame.

上下夹头1,以及与夹头1旋合固连的接杆8通过装入的防护架7形成一整体,在此状态下安装试样4、上、下支撑块2、5以及上、下卡环3、6,随后将整体夹具通过接杆8的凸球面21装入安装在试验机的挂接头9内部凹球面19,升高试验机横梁,上下凹凸球铰面刚刚开始接触时,旋开K型手拧螺母31,打开半环32,取下防护架7。防护架在试验开始前安装在夹具上,可以保护试样,在夹具整个安装完成后,可以通过防护架将夹具整体移动安装到试验机上,试验开始时,再将其拆掉,能够保证安装的精确性。The upper and lower chucks 1, and the connecting rod 8 screwed and fixedly connected with the chuck 1 form a whole through the loaded protective frame 7. In this state, the sample 4, the upper and lower support blocks 2, 5 and the upper and lower support blocks are installed. Snap rings 3 and 6, then put the overall fixture into the concave spherical surface 19 inside the hanging joint 9 installed on the testing machine through the convex spherical surface 21 of the connecting rod 8, raise the beam of the testing machine, and when the upper and lower concave-convex spherical hinge surfaces just start to contact, turn Open the K-type thumb nut 31, open the half ring 32, and take off the protective frame 7. The protective frame is installed on the fixture before the test starts to protect the sample. After the fixture is installed, the fixture can be moved and installed on the testing machine through the protective frame. When the test starts, it can be removed to ensure the safety of the installation. precision.

在试验过程中,即使试验机的上下挂接头9方位和角度存在偏差使得位移与力的加载不在一条垂线上,接杆球铰面的存在也能够实现上下夹头在实验过程中自对中,确保试验结果的准确性。During the test, even if there is a deviation in the orientation and angle of the upper and lower joints 9 of the testing machine so that the displacement and force loading are not on a vertical line, the existence of the ball joint surface of the extension rod can also realize the self-centering of the upper and lower chucks during the test , to ensure the accuracy of the test results.

在复合材料高温拉伸试验中,试样形状为哑铃状,包括两个夹持段33,两个过渡段34和中间标距段35。过渡段34左右端面为圆弧形。In the high temperature tensile test of the composite material, the shape of the sample is dumbbell-shaped, including two clamping sections 33 , two transition sections 34 and an intermediate gauge section 35 . The left and right end faces of the transition section 34 are arc-shaped.

所述夹具的具体安装方法为:The concrete installation method of described fixture is:

1)将两个上支撑块的其中一个装入上夹头卡槽中,试样的夹持段紧贴着上支撑块安装,再将两个上支撑块的另一个装入压紧试样夹持段。1) Put one of the two upper support blocks into the slot of the upper chuck, install the clamping section of the sample close to the upper support block, and then put the other of the two upper support blocks into the compression sample clamping section.

2)上卡环从上夹头上端套入,在重力作用下夹紧上支撑块,定位试样在上夹头中位置。2) The upper clasp is inserted from the upper end of the upper chuck, clamps the upper support block under the action of gravity, and positions the sample in the upper chuck.

3)先将下卡环从试样下端套入试样,暂时固定在上夹头,随后小心将试样下端放入下夹头内部,将防护架安装到上、下夹头上,定位上、下夹头。3) First put the lower snap ring into the sample from the lower end of the sample, temporarily fix it on the upper chuck, then carefully put the lower end of the sample into the lower chuck, install the protective frame on the upper and lower chucks, and position the upper and lower chucks. , Lower chuck.

4)下支撑块从试样两侧装入下夹头卡槽中,紧贴试样下夹持段安装,从靠近上夹头位置释放之前装入的下卡环,在重力作用下夹紧下支撑块,定位试样在下夹头中位置。4) The lower support block is loaded into the slot of the lower chuck from both sides of the sample, and installed close to the lower clamping section of the sample, and the lower snap ring loaded before is released from the position close to the upper chuck, and clamped under the action of gravity The lower support block is used to position the sample in the lower chuck.

5)适当降低试验机横梁,将经防护架固定的整体上、下夹具装入安装在试验机的挂接头,先使上接杆的凸球面装入上挂接头凹球面,下接杆的下端置入下挂接头下端,缓慢升高试验机横梁,使下接杆下端与下挂接头凹凸球面刚刚开始接触。5) Properly lower the beam of the testing machine, install the overall upper and lower fixtures fixed by the protective frame into the hanging joint installed on the testing machine, first make the convex spherical surface of the upper connecting rod fit into the concave spherical surface of the upper hanging joint, and the lower end of the lower connecting rod Insert the lower end of the lower joint, and slowly raise the beam of the testing machine, so that the lower end of the lower rod and the concave-convex spherical surface of the lower joint just begin to contact.

6)根据试验要求,调整整体上、下夹具周向位置,使试样一个表面正对观测镜头。6) According to the test requirements, adjust the circumferential positions of the overall upper and lower fixtures so that one surface of the sample faces the observation lens.

7)旋开K型手拧螺母,打开防护架横杆半环,取下防护架7。准备开始试验。7) Unscrew the K-type hand-tightened nut, open the half-ring of the cross bar of the protective frame, and remove the protective frame 7. Ready to start experimenting.

夹具的所有零件除试样4外选用的材料是耐高温高强度材料,可以是高温合金,也可以是陶瓷材料等,从而能使得夹具满足试验的高温条件。All parts of the fixture except sample 4 are made of high-temperature-resistant and high-strength materials, which can be high-temperature alloys or ceramic materials, so that the fixture can meet the high-temperature conditions of the test.

本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

接杆通过球铰与试验机连接,可以实现拉伸测试过程中上下夹具的自动对中。试样厚度方向增设支撑块,在试样圆弧端面受载时能够有效防止薄板试样屈曲,保证夹持稳定。同时,卡环在重力作用下能实现自动卡紧试样的作用,并且随着温度升高,试样和支撑块体积膨胀,卡环会自动平衡夹紧力。夹头通过螺纹与接杆连接,可以很方便得根据不同试样规格更换夹头。此外,防护架在试验前临时性安装,能够很好得保护薄板试样不在装夹过程中发生损坏。The connecting rod is connected with the testing machine through a ball joint, which can realize the automatic centering of the upper and lower fixtures during the tensile test. A support block is added in the thickness direction of the sample, which can effectively prevent the buckling of the thin plate sample when the circular arc end face of the sample is loaded, and ensure stable clamping. At the same time, the clasp can automatically clamp the sample under the action of gravity, and as the temperature rises, the volume of the sample and the support block expands, and the clasp automatically balances the clamping force. The collet is connected to the rod through thread, which can be easily replaced according to different sample specifications. In addition, the protective frame is temporarily installed before the test, which can well protect the thin plate sample from damage during the clamping process.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是夹具装配示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the fixture assembly.

图2是防护架横杆示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross bar of the protective frame.

图3是防护架三维结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the protective frame.

图4和图5是夹头结构示意图。Figure 4 and Figure 5 are schematic diagrams of the chuck structure.

图6是挂接头结构示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hanging joint.

图7是接杆结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod structure.

图8是上支撑块结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper support block.

图9是下支撑块结构示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower support block.

图10、11、12是上卡环结构示意图。10, 11 and 12 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the upper snap ring.

图13、14、15是上卡环结构示意图。13, 14, 15 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the upper clasp.

图16是试样结构示意图。Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the sample structure.

图中标号说明如下:The symbols in the figure are explained as follows:

夹头1;上支撑块2;上卡环3;试样4;下支撑块5;下卡环6;chuck 1; upper support block 2; upper snap ring 3; sample 4; lower support block 5; lower snap ring 6;

防护架7;接杆8;挂接头9;防护架定位面10;防护架定位面上部10a;Protective frame 7; connecting rod 8; hanging joint 9; protective frame positioning surface 10; protective frame positioning surface upper part 10a;

防护架定位面下部10b;夹头定位平面11;上支撑块上部12;The lower part 10b of the positioning surface of the protective frame; the positioning plane 11 of the chuck; the upper part 12 of the upper support block;

上支撑块下部13;下支撑块上部14;下支撑块下部15;夹头内部16;The lower part of the upper support block 13; the upper part of the lower support block 14; the lower part of the lower support block 15; the inside of the chuck 16;

上卡环内壁17;下卡环内壁18;凹球面19;冷却水嘴20;凸球面21;Upper snap ring inner wall 17; lower snap ring inner wall 18; concave spherical surface 19; cooling nozzle 20; convex spherical surface 21;

外螺纹22;扳手操作平面23;接杆延长段24;内螺纹孔25;外圆柱面26;External thread 22; wrench operating plane 23; rod extension 24; internal threaded hole 25; outer cylindrical surface 26;

上卡环空心圆柱部分27;下卡环空心圆柱部分28;连接杆29;横杆30;The upper snap ring hollow cylindrical part 27; the lower snap ring hollow cylindrical part 28; the connecting rod 29; the cross bar 30;

K型手拧螺母31;半环32;夹持段33;过渡段34;中间标距段35;K-type hand screw nut 31; half ring 32; clamping section 33; transition section 34; middle gauge section 35;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图中一个具体案例对本发明作进一步详细说明:Below in conjunction with a specific case in the accompanying drawings the present invention will be described in further detail:

如图1所示:一种用于复合材料平板高温拉伸测试的夹具,包括挂接头9、接杆8、防护架7、上卡环3、下卡环6、上支撑块2、下支撑块5、夹头1和试样4等。挂接头9固定在试验机上,接杆8与挂接头9通过凹、凸球面19、21构成球铰相连接,夹头1通过夹头内螺纹孔25与接杆8的外螺纹22旋紧连接,上支撑块2和下支撑块5分别贴合试样4的表面放在夹头1内部,并通过上、下卡环3和6分别卡紧,防护架7在试验前,试样未装入时安装在夹头1上,试验开始前取下。As shown in Figure 1: a fixture for high-temperature tensile testing of composite material plates, including a hanging joint 9, a connecting rod 8, a protective frame 7, an upper snap ring 3, a lower snap ring 6, an upper support block 2, and a lower support Block 5, chuck 1 and sample 4, etc. The hanging joint 9 is fixed on the testing machine, the connecting rod 8 and the hanging joint 9 are connected by a spherical hinge formed by concave and convex spherical surfaces 19 and 21, and the chuck 1 is screwed and connected with the external thread 22 of the connecting rod 8 through the inner threaded hole 25 of the chuck , the upper support block 2 and the lower support block 5 are respectively attached to the surface of the sample 4 and placed inside the chuck 1, and are respectively clamped by the upper and lower snap rings 3 and 6. The protective frame 7 is before the test, and the sample is not installed. It is installed on chuck 1 when it is inserted, and it is removed before the test starts.

在复合材料高温拉伸试验中,试样形状如图16所示。试样形状为哑铃状,包括两个夹持段33,过渡段34和中间标距段35。过渡段为圆弧形。对于复合材料试样,通常其厚度应不低于3mm,但使用本夹具系统可进行试样厚度在1mm至3mm超薄试样的拉伸测试。标距段截面积不宜过小,根据相关试验机精度要求建议标距段宽度不小于10mm。夹持段宽度越大,圆弧段承载面积越大,越能有效改善局部受压状况,但受高温炉炉腔尺寸限制,建议夹持段宽度在20-25mm之间。圆弧段半径过小时,试样的危险区域较小,位置集中,容易在交界面处断裂,当圆弧半径与标距段宽度的比值不小于2.5时,危险区域的大小逐渐趋于稳定,即获得预期破坏模式的概率大大增加。当标距段长宽比不小于3时,标距段能获得均匀的应力分布。夹持段的长度与标距段宽度比值不小于2时,夹持段长度对应力集中的影响趋于稳定。因此,推荐圆弧半径与标距段宽度的比值大于等于2.5,标距段长宽比和夹持段长度与标距段宽度的比值大于等于2.0。In the high-temperature tensile test of composite materials, the shape of the sample is shown in Figure 16. The sample is dumbbell-shaped and includes two clamping sections 33 , a transition section 34 and an intermediate gauge section 35 . The transition section is arc-shaped. For composite material samples, usually its thickness should not be less than 3mm, but the tensile test of ultra-thin samples with a sample thickness of 1mm to 3mm can be performed using this fixture system. The cross-sectional area of the gauge section should not be too small. According to the accuracy requirements of the relevant testing machine, it is suggested that the width of the gauge section should not be less than 10mm. The larger the width of the clamping section, the larger the load-bearing area of the arc section, and the more effective it can be to improve the local pressure situation. However, due to the size limitation of the high-temperature furnace cavity, it is recommended that the width of the clamping section be between 20-25mm. If the radius of the arc section is too small, the dangerous area of the sample is small, the location is concentrated, and it is easy to break at the interface. When the ratio of the arc radius to the width of the gauge section is not less than 2.5, the size of the dangerous area gradually tends to be stable. That is, the probability of obtaining the expected failure mode is greatly increased. When the aspect ratio of the gauge length section is not less than 3, the gauge length section can obtain a uniform stress distribution. When the ratio of the length of the clamping section to the width of the gauge section is not less than 2, the effect of the length of the clamping section on stress concentration tends to be stable. Therefore, it is recommended that the ratio of the radius of the arc to the width of the gauge section be greater than or equal to 2.5, and the ratio of the aspect ratio of the gauge section and the length of the clamping section to the width of the gauge section be greater than or equal to 2.0.

图8中的上支撑块2和图9中的下支撑块5均有两块,两个一组,分别与试样4的前后表面相贴合,且左右圆弧端面与试样齐平。上支撑块下部13和下支撑块上部14,其圆弧面的尺寸由试样的过渡段34确定;上支撑块上部12和下支撑块下部15,其方形部分的长宽分别比试样4的夹持段33表面的长宽大1mm左右;上下支撑块2和5的加厚部分的斜面和其与试样贴合面的角度在3-6°之间。Both the upper support block 2 in Fig. 8 and the lower support block 5 in Fig. 9 have two pieces, two in a group, which respectively fit the front and back surfaces of the sample 4, and the left and right arc end surfaces are flush with the sample. The size of the arc surface of the lower part 13 of the upper support block and the upper part 14 of the lower support block is determined by the transition section 34 of the sample; The length and width of the clamping section 33 surface are about 1mm larger; the slope of the thickened part of the upper and lower support blocks 2 and 5 and the angle between it and the sample bonding surface are between 3-6°.

图4和图5是夹头1的结构示意图,夹头内部16与上支撑块2和下支撑块5的截面形状相贴合,其截面的尺寸可由上下支撑块2和5确定;夹头内螺纹孔25与接杆8的外螺纹22相匹配;夹头1在远离夹持段的外圆柱面设置夹头定位平面11,夹头定位平面11距离原有圆柱面的外表面1mm左右。Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the schematic structural diagrams of the chuck 1, the inner 16 of the chuck fits the cross-sectional shape of the upper support block 2 and the lower support block 5, and the size of the cross-section can be determined by the upper and lower support blocks 2 and 5; The threaded hole 25 matches the external thread 22 of the connecting rod 8; the collet 1 is provided with a collet positioning plane 11 on the outer cylindrical surface away from the clamping section, and the collet positioning plane 11 is about 1mm away from the outer surface of the original cylindrical surface.

图10、图11和图12中的上卡环3,与图13、图14、图15的下卡环6,上、下卡环内壁17、18分别压紧固定上支撑块下部13和下支撑块下部15,上、下卡环上部空心圆柱部分27、28与夹头下方外圆柱面26贴合,上卡环空心圆柱部分27与下卡环空心圆柱部分28的高度不同,便于在装配时区分上、下卡环。The upper snap ring 3 in Fig. 10, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, and the lower snap ring 6 of Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15, the inner walls 17, 18 of the upper and lower snap rings are pressed and fixed respectively on the lower part 13 and the lower part of the upper supporting block. The lower part 15 of the support block, the upper hollow cylindrical parts 27, 28 of the upper and lower snap rings fit together with the outer cylindrical surface 26 below the chuck, and the hollow cylindrical part 27 of the upper snap ring is different in height from the hollow cylindrical part 28 of the lower snap ring, which is convenient for assembly Time zone upper and lower clasps.

图7是接杆8的结构示意图,接杆一端外螺纹22与夹头内螺纹孔25旋紧连接,且在靠近该外螺纹的位置设有一对扳手操作平面23,接杆延长段24的长度由高温炉尺寸确定,以保证接杆另一端凸球面21在高温炉外。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the connecting rod 8. The external thread 22 at one end of the connecting rod is tightly connected with the internally threaded hole 25 of the chuck, and a pair of wrench operating planes 23 are provided near the external thread. The length of the extending section 24 of the connecting rod is Determined by the size of the high-temperature furnace, to ensure that the convex spherical surface 21 at the other end of the connecting rod is outside the high-temperature furnace.

图6是挂接头9的结构示意图,挂接处上方设计有冷却水嘴20,挂接头9的凹球面19与接杆的凸球面21构成球铰结构,球面半径根据夹具设计载荷确定。图2和图3是防护架7的结构示意图,由一根连接杆29,两根结构完全相同横杆30及K型手拧螺母31构成。试验开始前,试样未装入时安装在夹头1上;通过旋开K型手拧螺母31,打开半环32,横杆30能够套入夹头1,随后锁紧K型手拧螺母31。两根横杆30的防护架定位面上部10a和防护架定位面10b与夹头定位平面11相配合,借助防护架定位面上部10a和防护架定位面10b能够实现上下夹头的周向定位。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the hanger joint 9. A cooling nozzle 20 is designed above the joint. The concave spherical surface 19 of the hanger joint 9 and the convex spherical surface 21 of the connecting rod form a spherical joint structure, and the radius of the spherical surface is determined according to the design load of the fixture. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are the structural representations of the protective frame 7, which are composed of a connecting rod 29, two cross bars 30 and K-type thumb nuts 31 with the same structure. Before the test starts, the sample is installed on the chuck 1 when it is not loaded; by unscrewing the K-type thumb nut 31 and opening the half ring 32, the cross bar 30 can be inserted into the chuck 1, and then the K-type thumb nut is locked 31. The upper part 10a of the protective frame positioning surface and the protective frame positioning surface 10b of the two cross bars 30 cooperate with the chuck positioning plane 11, and the circumferential positioning of the upper and lower chucks can be realized by means of the upper part 10a of the protective frame positioning surface and the protective frame positioning surface 10b.

本发明未详细阐述部分属于本领域公知技术。Parts not described in detail in the present invention belong to the well-known technology in the art.

以上所述,仅为本发明部分具体实施方法,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本领域的人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only part of the specific implementation methods of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture having from alignment function, it is characterised in that:The test fixture Including hanging joint, extension bar, protective frame, upper snap ring, lower snap ring, upper supporting block, lower supporting block, collet and sample;
The hanging joint includes upper hanging joint and lower hanging joint, and upper and lower mounting header structure is identical;Upper hanging joint and lower hanging joint are hung The place of connecing is designed with concave spherical surface, and spherical radius is determined according to fixture design load, and cooling water nozzle, hanging joint are designed with above hitching position It is fixed on testing machine;
The extension bar includes upper extension bar and lower extension bar, upper and lower connection rod structure are identical;Extension bar one end is convex spherical, and size is with hanging Radius at connector concave spherical surface is identical, and extension bar forms flexural pivot by concave, convex spherical surface with hanging joint and is connected;The extension bar other end is outer Screw thread, and it is being equipped with a pair of of spanner operation planar close to the externally threaded position;Extension bar extends segment length according to high temperature furnace size It determines, need to ensure convex spherical outside high temperature furnace;
The collet includes upper grip and lower collet, and upper and lower chuck structure is identical, the internal thread hole of collet and the external screw thread of extension bar Screw connection;Collet is split type with extension bar, convenient for carrying out the replacement of collet according to different patterns;Collet is outer far from bare terminal end Cylindrical surface is equipped with a collet in directly to the right and positions plane;
The upper supporting block includes upper supporting block top and upper supporting block lower part, and upper supporting block top is square, in upper supporting block The left and right end face in portion is plane, and the upper left and right end face in supporting block lower part is arc surface;The lower supporting block includes lower supporting block top With lower supporting block lower part, the lower left and right end face in supporting block top is arc surface, and lower supporting block lower part is square, lower supporting block lower part Left and right end face is plane;Upper supporting block and lower supporting block respectively form inverted T-shaped, two one group, are bonded the front surface of sample respectively And rear surface, circular arc end face are flushed with sample;
The upper snap ring and lower snap ring are all inverted U shape, upper and lower snap ring inner wall inner surface from top to bottom according to upper supporting block lower part The bevel angle identical with lower supporting block lower part is gradually thinned;
The protective frame is made of a connecting rod, the identical cross bar of two root architectures and K-type hand nutting;Assembling finishes anti- Retaining frame, the protective frame positioning surface top and protective frame positioning surface lower part of two cross bars are in one plane.
2. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:Under sample loading state, upper supporting block and lower supporting block are placed on the section shape of collet interior, upper supporting block and lower supporting block Shape is bonded to each other with collet interior shape, realizes being mutually located for supporting block and collet;Along sample thickness direction, under upper supporting block Portion's circular arc portion thickeies, and lower supporting block lower part projected square part thickeies, and thickening mode is from top to bottom gradually added by constant inclined surface angle Thickness finally constitutes up-narrow and down-wide wedge shape;Bevel angle is at 3-6 °.
3. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:It is packed under sample state, upper and lower snap ring is fixed supporting block respectively by gravity, upper and lower snap ring inner wall Lower part and lower supporting block lower part;And upper and lower snap ring top hollow cylindrical part mutually agrees with external cylindrical surface below collet, realizes Snap ring and collet are mutually located, then by upper and lower supporting block, realize sample in collet interior positioning in the front-back direction.
4. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:Upper and lower snap ring and gravity Automatic-clamping sample can not only be passed through, additionally it is possible to according to test temperature autobalance clamping force, When the temperature of sample and supporting block increases, the overall thickness of sample and upper and lower supporting block can increase, and upper and lower snap ring can opposite support Block moves up, autobalance thickness direction clamping force.
5. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:Protective frame is mounted on when sample is not loaded on collet before on-test;By unscrewing K-type hand nutting, half is opened Ring, cross bar can be inserted in collet, then lock K-type hand nutting;It is fixed that protective frame positioning surface cooperates with collet positioning plane The circumferentially positioned of upper and lower collet is realized in position by protective frame positioning surface top and protective frame positioning surface lower part.
6. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:Upper and lower collet and to screw connected extension bar with collet integral by the protective frame shape of loading, pacifies in this case Sample, upper and lower supporting block and upper and lower snap ring are filled, then integral clamp by the convex spherical of extension bar is packed into and is mounted on experiment Concave spherical surface inside the hanging joint of machine increases testing machine crossbeam, when bumps flexural pivot face just starts contact up and down, unscrews K-type hand and twists Nut opens semi-ring, removes protective frame;Protective frame is mounted on before on-test on fixture, is protected sample, is entirely pacified in fixture After the completion of dress, fixture overall movement is installed on testing machine by protective frame, during on-test, then is dismantled, Neng Goubao Demonstrate,prove the accuracy of installation.
7. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:During experiment, to cause displacement and the loading of power even if there are deviations the orientation of hanging joint up and down and angle of testing machine Not on a vertical line, the presence in extension bar flexural pivot face can also realize that collet is during the experiment from centering up and down, it is ensured that experiment As a result accuracy.
8. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:Specimen shape is dumbbell shaped, including two gripping sections, two changeover portions and intermediate gauge length section;Changeover portion or so end face is It is arc-shaped.
9. the composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 having from alignment function, feature It is:The material that all parts of fixture are selected in addition to sample is high temperature resistant, high-strength material, including high temperature alloy, ceramic material Material.
10. a kind of composite thin plate drawing by high temperature test fixture according to claim 1 with from alignment function Installation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step 1:By in one of loading upper grip card slot of two upper supporting blocks, the gripping section of sample is close to supporting block Installation, then another loading of two upper supporting blocks is compressed into sample holder section;
Step 2:Upper snap ring is inserted in from upper grip upper end, clamps upper supporting block under the effect of gravity, positioning sample is in upper grip Position;
Step 3:Lower snap ring is first inserted in sample from sample lower end, is temporarily fixed to upper grip, is then put into down sample lower end Protective frame is installed on upper and lower collet by collet interior, positions upper and lower collet;
Step 4:Lower supporting block is fitted into down from sample both sides in collet card slot, is close to gripping section under sample and is installed, from close to upper folder The lower snap ring that the release of head position is packed into before clamps lower supporting block, positioning sample position in lower collet under the effect of gravity;
Step 5:Testing machine crossbeam is reduced, the mounting mounted on testing machine will be packed into through the upper and lower fixture of the fixed entirety of protective frame Head first makes the convex spherical of extension bar be packed into upper hanging joint concave spherical surface, and the lower hanging joint lower end of lower end merging of lower extension bar slowly increases Testing machine crossbeam makes lower extension bar lower end just start to contact with lower hanging joint concave, convex spherical surface;
Step 6:The whole upper and lower fixture circumferential position of adjustment makes one surface face observation camera lens of sample;
Step 7:K-type hand nutting is unscrewed, opens protective frame cross bar semi-ring, removes protective frame, preparation starts to test.
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