CN108225798A - Tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification measures test system and test method - Google Patents

Tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification measures test system and test method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108225798A
CN108225798A CN201711441908.6A CN201711441908A CN108225798A CN 108225798 A CN108225798 A CN 108225798A CN 201711441908 A CN201711441908 A CN 201711441908A CN 108225798 A CN108225798 A CN 108225798A
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tire
table plate
glass table
image
laser
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CN108225798B (en
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李煊鹏
薛启凡
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/02Tyres

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of tyre skiddings based on edge enhancing identification to measure test system, including testing stand and work station, testing stand includes glass table plate and the frame being arranged on glass table plate, tire is provided in frame, rolling control mechanism is connected on tire, laser is provided with along the frame side wall of the correspondence of tire rotating direction, a circle LED illumination lamp is provided in a manner of surrounding tire and glass table plate contact surface below glass table plate, face tire on the position of glass table plate contact surface with being provided with camera under glass table plate, work station is connect with LED illumination lamp and camera data, it receives image data and processing is carried out to data and show.The present invention promotes the discrimination precision to tire interface and liftoff moment, improves wear test system detectio precision and test repeatability, can realize static mark and dynamic sliding test, function expansibility is stronger, easy to operate, reproducible, and measuring accuracy is high.

Description

Tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification measures test system and test method
Technical field
It measures and tries the present invention relates to tyre skidding, and in particular to a kind of tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification measures examination System and test method.
Background technology
The abrasion condition of tire in actual use is one of factor that vehicle safety is concerned about the most.Indoor abnormal tyre mill Damage test and analysis technology is widely used in the production test link of tire enterprise, but how quick and precisely effectively analysis is taken turns Tire inordinate wear is still the important directions of domestic and international tire wear measuring technology exploitation.
Currently available technology method is such as:Patent publication No. is CN206496732U, and patent name is a kind of rolling tire tire Face slides measuring system, refers to that the displacement method wear test system of the tire friction energy testing machine of view-based access control model is main in the patent Be by tire pre-define mark point, rear drive tire rolled on transparent glass platen so that tire and platen Rolling and sliding friction occurs, journey is moved by the cameras capture tire being placed under glass table plate, passes through computer vision Method confirms and tracks and records the mark point on tire, so as to calculate tyre surface mark enumeration slippage, can further calculate Go out the abrasion condition of tire.
Due to tire because the deformation of friction generation itself is smaller, the vision collecting system of testing machine is proposed Very high requirement.The shortcomings that current displacement method wear test system both domestic and external, mainly includes following aspect:
Tire interface boundary judges inaccurate.The side that current illumination scheme is mostly illuminated using single light source or double light sources Method since algorithm only needs to track the mark point being in contact with tyre surface, needs the dry of the mark point for avoiding having been moved off contact It disturbs.During entire creeping of tyre, tire and ground contact phase, due to mark point with during ground friction variation compared with To be slow, and the angle of contact surface and light source is smaller, and uniform illumination larger by the part of light source irradiation, and therefore tracks Difficulty is relatively low.But when tire has just contacted ground or in the case of just leaving ground, leave the tyre surface of above ground portion with The angle consecutive variations of light source lead to the brightness irregularities of the sectors of tread, and are currently according to tire and ground contact surface Brightness and the brightness of tire rest part are distinguished to determine tire interface boundary, in the case where illumination condition is fabulous, contact site The brightness for dividing the brightness of tyre surface and disengaging sectors of tread has larger contrast, can preferably determine that tire connects with ground Tactile boundary.And in the case of general illumination condition, contact portion tyre surface is approached with disengaging the brightness of sectors of tread, because This is difficult to accurately distinguish the boundary that tire is contacted with ground.
The tracking accuracy of special tire is inadequate.In terms of accurately capturing mark point contact ground and leaving ground motion, no It is also different with the tire effect of decorative pattern shape.For common tire in moving process, each section variation is more uniform, is less prone to Mutation, therefore the 30Hz sampling systems that can be used at present track.And in rectangular rib tire moving process, square Decorative pattern can generate larger deformation in ground is contacted, and the deformation is released in tire and the moment that ground disengages, A larger displacement is generated, and is measured with the sampling system of current 30Hz, since sampling number is very few, the position of acquisition The situation of tire wear can hardly be reflected by moving Dependence Results.
On the other hand, dynamic sliding measures and the measurement of quiescent ground footprint shape is often deployed in different system respectively On, patent publication No. CN106626994A, the method for detection wheel movement of the foetus state vertical load during a kind of vehicle of patent name travels And system, it refers to using displacement sensor in the patent, displacement below the spring of every axle both ends loading carriage is installed and is passed Sensor by the variation of measurement sensor mounting plane distance to the ground, and integrates the shadow of air pressure and environment temperature to tire size Ring, so at calculating on vehicle tire real-time deflection.This method has the function of single-measurement tyre load, and cannot measure Tire frictional behaviour, and consider influence of the vehicle self structure characteristic to tyre load over the ground, measurement accuracy is limited.
Invention content
Goal of the invention:The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of based on edge enhancing identification tyre skidding measure test system and Test method solves tire interface boundary and judges inaccuracy, and tire motion tracking accuracy is low, and static mark and dynamically sliding are The problem of system is different, complicated for operation, retest poor performance, error is larger.
Technical solution:Tyre skidding of the present invention based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, including testing stand And work station, the testing stand include glass table plate and the frame being arranged on the glass table plate, tire are provided in frame, Rolling control mechanism is connected on the tire, laser is provided with along the frame side wall of the correspondence of tire rotating direction Device, glass table plate lower section are provided with a circle LED illumination lamp, the glass platform in a manner of surrounding tire and glass table plate contact surface Be provided with camera under plate on the position of face tire and glass table plate contact surface, the work station and the LED illumination lamp and Camera data connects, and receives image data and carries out processing to data and show.
The long-range accurate angle for adjusting laser, the laser connect to control with stepper motor according to demand for convenience System adjusts laser angle, and the stepper motor is controlled by microcontroller, and passes through WIFI and main-machine communication.
In order to obtain accurate tire interface boundary, the laser is "-" type laser.
For staff's energy remote control illumination intensity, the LED illumination lamp is by light-source controller controls, the LED Headlamp is connect by light source controller with station data.
In order to improve the precision of shooting image, the camera be that support 4096x3072 resolution ratio and highest 180Hz are adopted Sample frequency carries the camera of the extremely low industrial lens of aberration rate.
The test method of test system is measured using the high-precision tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification, including following step Suddenly:
(a) mark point of one piece of position spraying given pattern of the selection on tire tread, as characteristic point;
(b) laser angle and LED illumination lamp intensity are adjusted, image is shot with camera under tire stationary state and is passed Defeated to arrive work station, work station carries out image image noise reduction, and binaryzation obtains characteristic point, recycles least square fitting feature Point calculates tire interface boundary position and shape, and changes in tire continuous pressure, obtains tire static mark and becomes Change;
(c) it opens and rolls control mechanism, make tire motion, tire motion diagram on glass table plate is shot by camera Picture, and image information is transferred to work station, the work station is according to the feature point coordinates and tire interface boundary bit in image It puts, determines the mark point contacted with glass table plate and the mark point for leaving glass table plate, it is then true by image partition method Determine ROI region, complete the pretreatment of image, last resort Blob analyses and picture position weighting method calculate mark point history cunning Move curve.
Advantageous effect:The present invention determines tire interface ground boundary, and pass through using LED compensation illuminations by laser High-precision camera promotes the discrimination precision to tire interface and liftoff moment, improves wear test system detectio precision and test weight Renaturation.The present invention can realize static mark and dynamic sliding test, function expansibility is more using modularization loosely coupled design By force, easy to operate, reproducible, measuring accuracy is high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 the structural representation of present invention;
Fig. 2 laser compensations tyre rim enhances schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 laser structure schematic diagrames;
Fig. 4 image data acquiring flow charts;
Fig. 5 pre-processing image datas and analysis process figure;
Fig. 6 image taggeds point and area-of-interest schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 displacement curve test result figures.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figs. 1-3, the tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, including testing stand and work station 8, Testing stand includes glass table plate 6 for testing stand, sets frame 9 on glass table plate 6, tire 1 is arranged in frame 9, connects on tire 1 Being connected to rolling control mechanism 2 controls tire 1 to move, and one is provided with along 9 side wall of frame of the correspondence of 1 rotating direction of tire Font laser 3,6 lower section of glass table plate are provided with a circle LED illumination in a manner of surrounding tire 1 and 6 contact surface of glass table plate Lamp 4 surrounds rectangle, the position of 6 times face tires 1 of glass table plate and 6 contact surface of glass table plate with 4 pieces of strip-shaped LED floodlights On be provided with camera 5, camera 5 is that 4096x3072 resolution ratio and the sample frequency of highest 180Hz is supported to carry aberration rate pole The camera of low industrial lens, work station 8 and 5 data connection of LED illumination lamp 4 and camera, receive image data and logarithm It is shown according to processing is carried out, 9 bottom of frame of testing stand front and rear sides is provided with laser detector 32, and LED illumination lamp 4 is by light source Controller controls, and LED illumination lamp 4 passes through light source controller and 8 data connection of work station.
Two sets of lasers 3 are fixed in the rotating disk of integrated stepping motor 31, is driven and revolved by integrated stepping motor Turn.Two sets of integrated stepping motors are separately fixed at testing stand front baffle and afterframe bottom end close to tire by rigid support 33 Side, stent 33 is by part bending to bypass the laser detector 32 of testing stand.The power supply of laser 3 and stepper motor 31 Line and control line are connected along 9 cabling of test bed framework to edge of table is tested with power supply and STM32 control machines, and institute's live wire is used Protective shell covering ensures that safety is beautiful.STM32 control machines are equipped with WIFI module, can remotely be controlled by server end System, to adjust laser illumination angle.4 pieces of strip-shaped LED floodlights below testing stand glass table plate are installed, and connect light source Controller, light source controller can realize long-range adjustment lighting module to change illuminating effect.Phase is set up under glass table plate Machine is connect with the capture card in work station control room server using 4 CoaXPress data lines and carried out data transmission.It is taking It is engaged in device, Installed System Memory is virtualized, ensures sufficiently large transmission bandwidth, by video data recording in void during experiment In the memory of planization.After terminating experiment, data are read from memory, the mechanical hard disk that large capacity is written is stored.Work Site server is pretreatment and image analysis two major parts.In preprocessing process, taken turns first according to the laser that laser projects Tire calculates boundary position and shape, then determine the mark contacted with ground according to boundary with the image that ground Contact Boundary is formed Note point and the mark point for leaving ground.Then ROI region is determined by image partition method, completes the pretreatment of image, schemed As calculating mark point history sliding curve by Blob analyses and picture position weighting method in analysis.
When the present invention is used to test, in system structure diagram shown in Fig. 1, the selection on tire tread is suitable Position sprays the mark point of given pattern, and generally labeling point minute is two rows of, and each row is set with the distance of spacing 5cm, by mark point As characteristic point;The line laser of adjustable position and irradiating angle is installed respectively in tire ground connection lead and trail edge;By video camera Friction energy testing machine glass table plate place beneath is placed on four LED light sources, to photographs tire and glass table plate The image of contact surface, wherein LED light source are for ensureing the clear reliable of shooting image, and line laser is mainly for generation of apparent wheel Tire engagement edge;Trigger signal is generated by work station control room manual control, control camera starts shooting, the picture sequence of shooting Row, which are stored in, to be positioned over side and operates in indoor Image Acquisition and processing Analysis server, testing crew on that server into Row picture browsing, data analysis and report output.In order to improve the precision of displacement method test system, high sample frequency and height is configured The camera of resolution ratio is very necessary.High-performance camera is selected, supports 4096x3072 resolution ratio and the sample frequency of highest 180Hz, And carry the extremely low camera lens of aberration rate.This camera ensures higher transmission bandwidth using the transmission mode of CoaXPress, leads to It crosses coaxial cable and realizes big data real-time Transmission.The traditional standards phase such as CoaXPress and CameraLink, USB3.0, kilomega network Than transmission range is farther, transmission rate higher.The system can realize super large data volume Image Acquisition and storage under high frame per second, It is particularly suitable for high-end applications.The system instant bandwidth is up to 25Gb/s, and the rate of long-time stable record reaches 2500MB/s, But even if existing traditional mechanical hard disk and solid state disk can not still meet the bandwidth demand using Raid technologies.It is regarded to realize Frequency real-time storage, using internal memory virtualization technology, by the method for virtual hard disk in memory, speeding up data transmission speed, from And enough transmission bandwidths are provided, it is stored for real-time video.For the identification problem on tire interface boundary, shone using bilateral laser The mode for penetrating boundary carries out Contact Boundary brightness reinforcing, and the method for recycling characteristic point fitting obtains borderline region so as to fulfill wheel Tire Contact Boundary determines.For this purpose, introduce rack both sides "-" type lasing light emitter.Laser emitter is fixed on rack and is rolled along tire Before and after direction side comprising motor laser move up and down with laser moving in rotation two-freedom, pass through servo motor driving realize Irradiating angle is finely tuned, and segments 0.02 degree, is projected a branch of irradiation tire and is contacted with a wordline laser of glass table plate tangency location Face marginal position, as shown in Figure 2.Laser angle regulating device is using two sets before and after two sets of integrated stepper motor tires on the drive wheels The angle rotation of laser.Integrated stepper motor contains stepper motor and stepper motor driving plate, passes through input signal cable And power cord carrys out Driving Stepping Motor work, stepper motor can obtain different rotation essences by different subdivision values Degree can realize the running accuracy of 0.02 ° of single step as required.The controller of two sets of integrated stepper motors chooses one piece STM32 microcontrollers are controlled, and are configured with infrared remote control module and corresponding remote controler, operating personnel can be realized in operation room root Angular adjustment is carried out to the laser of equipment room according to Image Acquisition situation.Since testing stand rear and front end base of frame has laser inspection Device is surveyed, therefore the hypothesis of laser will bypass laser detector and accurately be set up in base of frame.It is designed with as shown in Figure 3 Structure, both sides are separately fixed at the upper and lower ends that friction energy tests machine frame to stent up and down, and timbering material is steel, and fixed form makes With adhesive, if stability does not reach requirement, can also be punched in the case of conditions permit makes to be screwed.STM32 monolithics Machine and entire angular adjustment system power supply may be mounted at the appropriate location of testing stand by encapsulation, with integrated stepper motor Communication and power supply cabling will be connected along test bed framework with being placed in the integrated stepper motor of tire rear and front end, testing stand Communication line on frame will install protective case, it is ensured that safety.The step need to be completed before tyre skidding is tested, corresponding different rulers Very little tire need to adjust laser irradiation angle in advance, in the hope of engagement edge is accurately positioned.Laser servo control system regards Infrared remote control control or WIFI remote controls may be selected in situation.For convenience of adjustment laser irradiation effect, adaptive optical photograph can be used Angle closed-loop control, specifically depends on the circumstances.In addition, using four side LED enclosed lighting systems, from four direction to glass Platen carries out light filling, realizes the imaging effect of uniform illumination.LED illumination light source selects strip source, altogether equipped with 4 sets of LED illuminations Light source.Illumination light is white light, and equipped with mating controller, is improved for imaging circumstances.
Tire and glass table plate contact position are showed and are radiated at tire and leave glass table plate administrative division map by laser irradiation As the grey value difference of gray value and the tire contact region for being not affected by laser irradiation is for gray scale camera, and then passes through image two Value handles and carries out boundary point fitting to value differences region using least square method, so as to fulfill to tire interface boundary Effective identification.In addition, optimizing mark point position algorithm, the label of barycenter is carried out using the pixel of mark point boundary position, The influence that a large amount of pixel value variations are brought in mark point is avoided, so as to reduce data oscillation.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, workbench includes data acquisition and data processing, the specific steps are:Carry out image preview, Camera relevant parameter is set, including resolution ratio, samples frame per second and image gain etc.;Laser irradiation angle and intensity are set, it is ensured that Laser can irradiate tyre rim;Light source radiating angle and intensity are set, it is ensured that effectively imaging.Internal memory virtualization hard disk is set, Ensure sufficiently large data acquisition transmission bandwidth, can reach 5GB/s.Image is transferred into image pick-up card by CoaXPress Data storage is carried out in internal memory virtualization hard disk by PCIE buses afterwards.It, will be in memory after friction energy test is completed Data are automatically imported in the mechanical hard disk of massive store, data acquisition.
Image is passed through at the enhancing edge that tire and ground Contact Boundary are formed according to the laser that laser projects first Noise reduction, binaryzation obtain characteristic point, least square fitting characteristic point are recycled, so as to calculate image boundary position and shape Shape.For the image data stored in hard disk is virtualized, we are according to edge determination mark point during tire motion It is no to be contacted with glass table plate.The identification of mark point uses ROI, and a significant notation point is only included in each ROI, and corresponding one has Imitate coordinate, at the same using automatic discrimination with manually adjust be combined by the way of realize detection to mark point ROI region.It should be noted Be mark point spacing to be controlled, interfered to avoid ROI is caused.To the mark point in ROI using the method for calculating barycenter, pass through Binaryzation and Blob analyses, mark point centroid position coordinate is obtained using position Weighted Average Algorithm.It obtains per every in frame image Behind the position of a mark point barycenter, shift value of each mark point in adjacent moment can be not only calculated, but also can obtain Each slip value of the mark point between this moment and time of contact, it is final to calculate mark point history sliding curve.
For static state pressurization rear tyre edge detection, tire interface boundary changes, and laser irradiation range reduces, so as to Difference obtains characteristic point by image noise reduction, binaryzation, and the method for recycling least square fitting characteristic point obtains new boundary Position and shape.By the calculating of different boundary characteristics, we can realize the detection of quiescent ground footprint shape.
The software that workstation controller carries is respectively that video acquisition and image processing software and DDA analysis are soft Part.Wherein, the function of video acquisition and image processing software mainly includes:System parameter setting, video image acquisition, storage and Playback, camera calibration automatically determine ROI region, and can realize and manually adjust, the parameter setting of ROI region, and mark point is known Not, position calculates and data export, and calculates and describe the ground connection mark boundary of any time.The function of DDA analysis software Mainly include:The history curve of output of mark point sliding is calculated and be shown, including x-t curves, y-t curves in system parameter setting With amplitude-t curves, time of contact and the time departure of mark point are calculated, tire in any time ground connection mark is calculated and be shown The sliding field on surface, the report display and output for specifying data information print, and realize the management to image file and data file. Fig. 6 is certain model tire marker point pattern, and passes through the identification that mark point ROI region is realized in pretreatment.Fig. 7 is expressed as certain model Position movement relationship on rectangular rib tire before and after mark point between two frames, wherein arrow indicate moving direction, arrow length Show displacement distance.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of tyre skidding based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, which is characterized in that including testing stand and work station, The testing stand includes glass table plate and the frame being arranged on the glass table plate, and tire, the tire are provided in frame On be connected with rolling control mechanism, laser, glass platform are provided with along the frame side wall of the correspondence of tire rotating direction It is provided with a circle LED illumination lamp below plate in a manner of surrounding tire and glass table plate contact surface, face under the glass table plate Tire is with being provided with camera, the work station and the LED illumination lamp and camera number on the position of glass table plate contact surface According to connection, receive image data and processing is carried out to data and show.
2. the tyre skidding according to claim 1 based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, which is characterized in that described Laser is connect with stepper motor to control to adjust laser angle, and the stepper motor is controlled by microcontroller, and microcontroller passes through WIFI module communicates with work station.
3. the high-precision tyre skidding according to claim 1 based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, feature exists In the laser is "-" type laser.
4. the tyre skidding according to claim 1 based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, which is characterized in that described LED illumination lamp is connect by light-source controller controls, the LED illumination lamp by light source controller with station data.
5. the high-precision tyre skidding according to claim 1 based on edge enhancing identification measures test system, feature exists In the camera is that 4096x3072 resolution ratio and the sample frequency of highest 180Hz is supported to carry the extremely low industrial mirror of aberration rate The camera of head.
6. the test side of test system is measured using the high-precision tyre skidding as described in claim 1 based on edge enhancing identification Method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(a) mark point of one piece of position spraying given pattern of the selection on tire tread, as characteristic point;
(b) laser angle and LED illumination lamp intensity are adjusted, image is shot with camera under tire stationary state and is transferred to Work station, work station carry out image image noise reduction, and binaryzation obtains characteristic point, recycles least square fitting characteristic point, Tire interface boundary position and shape are calculated, and is changed in tire continuous pressure, obtains the variation of tire static mark.
(c) it opens and rolls control mechanism, make tire motion, tire moving image on glass table plate is shot by camera, and Image information is transferred to work station, the work station is according to the feature point coordinates in image and calculates gained boundary, determines mark Whether note point contacts with glass table plate, then determines ROI region by image partition method, completes the pretreatment of image, finally Mark point history sliding curve is calculated by Blob analyses and picture position weighting method.
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CN109447959A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-03-08 东南大学 Tire static load mark measurement method
CN110843428A (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-02-28 吉林大学 Vehicle-mounted tire inner side damage detection device based on image recognition
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CN111982391A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-24 广东电网有限责任公司 Parking space tire pressure detection device and detection method
CN112197707A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-01-08 北京逸驰科技有限公司 Tire wear detection method, computer device and readable storage medium
CN113340619A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-09-03 青岛森麒麟轮胎股份有限公司 Method and system for evaluating braking performance of tire
CN113858896A (en) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-31 安徽佳通乘用子午线轮胎有限公司 Method for calculating sinking amount and load of rolling tire based on image method

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