CN108225388A - A kind of FBG demodulating systems based on the scanning of linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays - Google Patents
A kind of FBG demodulating systems based on the scanning of linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays Download PDFInfo
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35341—Sensor working in transmission
Abstract
The present invention provides it is a kind of based on linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays scanning FBG demodulating systems, the system comprises：Wide spectrum light source, fiber coupler, single fiber bragg grating or the multiple fiber bragg gratings of single channel, linear array InGaAs photodetectors and the computing device for peak-seeking algorithm；The light sent out by the wide spectrum light source is incident on by fiber coupler in fiber bragg grating, and after being reflected using fiber bragg grating, the reflectance spectrum optical signal with demodulating information is reached linear array InGaAs photodetectors through fiber coupler；The linear array InGaAs photodetectors include optics preprocessing part and linear array photodetection imaging moiety, optics preprocessing part projects optical signal on linear array InGaAs photodetectors by chromatic dispersion principle, each photosensitive member is made of InGaAs photodiodes, detects the optical signalling of infrared wavelength.
Description
It is on 03 09th, 2016 that the application, which is the applying date, application No. is CN201610131531.3, entitled base
In the divisional application of the sensing demodulation method of linear array InGaAs scanning FBG reflectance spectrums.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensing demodulation methods of FBG reflectance spectrums, more particularly to a kind of to be based on linear array InGaAs photoelectricity
The FBG demodulating systems of array scanning.
Background technology
It by carrier, optical fiber of light is medium that fiber bragg grating (FiberBragg Grating, FBG) sensor, which is,
Perceive and transmit the New Sensing Technology of outer signals.Compared with the electrical sensors such as traditional strain ga(u)ge, FBG sensor
With high sensitivity, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, explosion-proof performance is good, corrosion resistance is strong, small many advantages, such as, in soil
It is used widely in the fields such as wood engineering, petrochemical industry, aerospace.
In fiber grating sensing system, the demodulation techniques of reflectance spectrum are always Research Challenges, affect entire test
The precision and demodulation speed of process.For fiber grating sensing system, people study and propose many demodulation methods：Match light
Grid method measurement range is narrow, and it is high that Spectral matching makes requirement；CCD demodulation methods are since resolution ratio is low and in 400~1100nm spectrum
Sensitivity is not suitable for the sensing and demodulating of FBG；Tunable laser demodulating system is limited to the stability and tuning range of light source；Mesh
Although preceding high the most commonly used is tunable F-P demodulations by filter system precision, demodulation speed is slow.
Either which kind of demodulation method be unable to do without the positioning of the centre wavelength of FBG the processing of peak-seeking algorithm.Yin Chengqun
Et al. the comparison result of a variety of common peak-seeking algorithms is shown, although the accuracy of detection such as genetic algorithm or neural network algorithm compared with
Height, but be not suitable for real-time operation, gaussian curve approximation can take into account real-time and high-precision double requirements.Based on linear array detector
It scans without mechanical displacement means in the demodulating system of FBG, stability is good, but since the size of photodiode array limits, light
Modal data points are few, more demanding to peak-seeking location algorithm.
It can effectively realize that simple system, demodulation speed are fast, stability is high based on linear array InGaAs therefore, it is necessary to a kind of
The FBG demodulating systems of photovoltaic array scanning.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of based on linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays scanning
FBG demodulating systems, the system comprises：
Wide spectrum light source, fiber coupler, single fiber bragg grating or the multiple fiber bragg gratings of single channel, linear array
InGaAs photodetectors and the computing device for peak-seeking algorithm；
The light sent out by the wide spectrum light source is incident on by fiber coupler in fiber bragg grating, using optical fiber
After Bragg grating reflection, the reflectance spectrum optical signal with demodulating information is reached into linear array InGaAs photoelectricity through fiber coupler and is visited
Survey device；
The linear array InGaAs photodetectors include optics preprocessing part and linear array photodetection imaging moiety, and optics is pre-
Process part projects optical signal on linear array InGaAs photodetectors by chromatic dispersion principle, and each photosensitive member is by InGaAs light
Electric diode forms, and detects the optical signalling of infrared wavelength；
The computing device for peak-seeking algorithm, execution such as give an order：Reflectance spectrum optical signal passes through linear array InGaAs light
It is obtained and the one-to-one reflectance spectrum intensity signal in pixel position in linear array InGaAs photodetectors after electric explorer processing；
Reflectance spectrum optical signal is divided by multistage by the intensity threshold value for setting reflectance spectrum；
To every section of reflectance spectrum, corresponding pixel position carries out Gaussian function fitting analysis, and pass through minimum with light intensity data
Square law judges best fit parameters, further obtains the corresponding pixel position of light intensity peak；The pixel position and institute
The model of fit for stating reflectance spectrum luminous intensity is：
In formula I be reflectance spectrum light intensity, P be pixel position, PcFor the corresponding pixel position of model of fit peak value；
The corresponding pixel position of the light intensity peak is brought into the correspondence formula of pixel position and wavelength simultaneously
It obtains the centre wavelength value of this section of reflectance spectrum, realizes the demodulation process to reflectance spectrum.
Preferably, the linear array InGaAs photodetectors are 256 pixels.
Preferably, the correspondence formula of pixel position and wavelength is：
λ [nm]=alpha+beta1p+β2p2+β3p3+β4p4+β5p5
λ is wavelength in formula, p is pixel position, α, β1、β2、β3、β4And β5Parameter for relational expression.
Preferably, the parameter of the relational expression demarcates to obtain by tunable laser.
Preferably, the wave-length coverage of the tunable laser output is 1525-1570nm, and it is 0.1nm to tune step-length.
Preferably, the wave-length coverage of the wide spectrum light source 101 is 1525~1570nm or 1510~1595nm.
Preferably, the light intensity of the wide spectrum light source should be greater than 20mW or 13dBm, and FBG reflectance spectrum minimum peaks should be greater than
InGaAs detector current noises.
Preferably, the fiber coupler is 3dB fiber couplers, and splitting ratio 50：50.
Before a kind of FBG demodulating systems based on the scanning of linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays that invention provides have good application
Scape demodulates field especially for high speed, has many advantages, such as that single channel parallel processing function, fast response time, stability are high, and
Realize this method system also have many advantages, such as it is simple in structure, without mechanical regulating member.
It should be appreciated that aforementioned description substantially and follow-up description in detail are exemplary illustration and explanation, it should not
As the limitation to the claimed content of the present invention.
Description of the drawings
With reference to the attached drawing of accompanying, the more purposes of the present invention, function and advantage will pass through the as follows of embodiment of the present invention
Description is illustrated, wherein：
Fig. 1 schematically shows that the present invention is based on the FBG demodulating systems that linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays scan；
Fig. 2 schematically shows the schematic diagram by the way that threshold values is set to be segmented reflectance spectrum；
Fig. 3 is schematically shown composes segmented reflective in fitting peak-seeking schematic diagram using Gaussian function；
Fig. 4 schematically shows the realization block diagram of sensing demodulation method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
By reference to exemplary embodiment, the purpose of the present invention and function and the side for being used to implement these purposes and function
Method will be illustrated.However, the present invention is not limited to exemplary embodiment as disclosed below；Can by different form come
It is realized.The essence of specification is only to aid in the detail of the various equivalent modifications Integrated Understanding present invention.
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, identical reference numeral represents identical
Or similar component or same or like step.
The present invention provides a kind of sensing demodulation method based on linear array InGaAs scanning FBG reflectance spectrums, and this paper presents bases
Using Gauss curve fitting peak-seeking algorithm on the basis of linear array InGaAs scan datas, FBG reflectance spectrum centre wavelengths are positioned,
Realize the parallel quick response of FBG reflectance spectrums.
FBG sensing principles
FBG is a kind of Bragg grating being scribed in fiber core, it can be the core mode energy of fl transmission
The core mode of reverse transfers is coupled to, is formed in the resonance wavelength centainly energy reflection of bandwidth nearby.Optical fiber Bragg wavelength
λBIt can be represented by formula (1)：
λB=2neffΛ (1)
In formula, Λ is screen periods；neffEffective refractive index for optical fiber；λBCentre wavelength for reflection.Fiber grating
Centre wavelength and temperature and the relationship strained are：
In formula, λcFor reflectance spectrum centre wavelength；Δ T is temperature change；Δ ε is stress variation, αf=d Λ/(Λ dT) is light
Fine coefficient of thermal expansion；ξ=dneff/(neffDT it is) thermo-optical coeffecient of fiber optic materials；Pe=-dneff/(neffD ε) it is optical fiber material
The elasto-optical coefficient of material.The variation of fiber grating reflection center wavelength of light reflects the variation of outer signals, therefore for FBG centers
The analyzing and processing of wavelength is the key that FBG sensor-based systems.
Demodulating system
Fig. 1 shows the FBG demodulating systems 100 scanned based on linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays.The demodulating system includes
Wide spectrum light source 101, fiber coupler 102, fiber bragg grating (FBG) 103 and linear array InGaAs photodetectors 104.
The specific course of work is as follows：First, the light sent out by wide spectrum light source 101 is incident on optical fiber Bradley by fiber coupler 102
In lattice grating (FBG) 103, after being reflected using fiber bragg grating 103, the reflectance spectrum optical signal with demodulating information is passed through
Fiber coupler 102 reaches linear array InGaAs photodetectors 104.
The wave-length coverage of wherein wide spectrum light source 101 is preferably 1525nm to 1570nm or 1510nm to 1595nm；Optical fiber coupling
Clutch is 3dB fiber couplers, and its splitting ratio 50：50；Fiber bragg grating (FBG) is as long as 103 ensure demodulating system energy
In the case of telling the drift of FBG centre wavelengths, FBG bragg wavelengths can be the arbitrary wavelength demodulated in wave band.
Linear array InGaAs photodetectors 104 mainly include optics preprocessing part and linear array photodetection imaging section
Point.Opticator projects optical signal on photodiode array by chromatic dispersion principle, and each photosensitive member is by InGaAs photoelectricity
Diode forms, and can detect the optical signalling of infrared wavelength, and investigative range is 900~1700nm, due to the influence of dispersion, no
With the corresponding different optic spectrum line of photosensitive member.
In addition the demodulating system 100 further includes the computing device 105 for peak-seeking algorithm.
FBG centre wavelength peak-seekings
In order to realize the real-time acquisition of FBG sensings, using Gauss curve fitting peak-seeking algorithm, the optical fiber light acquired will be acquired
Grid reflectance spectrum data is fitted processing by Gaussian function.Reflectance spectrum is handled by linear array InGaAs photodetectors 104
The intensity signal of FBG reflectance spectrums is obtained afterwards, and is corresponded with the pixel of linear array detector.By setting threshold value, by FBG
The spectrum segmentation on chain is sensed, then each section of FBG reflectance spectrum discrete data is fitted respectively, as shown in Figure 2.
Specifically, during the intensity threshold value is set, it should ensure that wide spectrum light source 101 is sufficiently large in light intensity first
(being at least 20mW or 13dBm), and FBG reflectance spectrum minimum peaks should be greater than 104 current noise of InGaAs detectors, then works as light intensity
Threshold value is can be realized when being less than the minimum peak of FBG reflectance spectrums to all peak value positioning.
After setting Intensity threshold, by the threshold parameter of setting and the light intensity value of each pixel of InGaAs detectors
It is compared, and obtains multiple FBG reflection peaks higher than threshold values, and each FBG reflection peaks are made of continuous several pixels,
Gauss curve fitting is further carried out as data using pixel and its light intensity value.It exports and obtains by linear array InGaAs photodetectors
Corresponding intensity signal (the P of each pixeli, Ii), wherein PiIt is corresponding with respectively for pixel number or position, 256 pixels
One number Pi, the corresponding pixel position of each number, IiFor the light intensity value of pixel, i.e. each pixel position
PiA corresponding light intensity value Ii, and the Gaussian function (or model of fit) between I and P is as shown in formula (3)：
Gauss curve fitting is carried out using least square method, obtains the corresponding pixel of peak value of above-mentioned Gaussian function or model of fit
Point position Pc, by PcThe pixel of calibration and wavelength correspondence formula are substituted into, so as to obtain λc, the λcValue i.e. FBG reflectance spectrums
Peak value, that is, FBG centre wavelength value, as shown in Figure 3.
From the above in order to obtain the centre wavelength value of reflectance spectrum, judge that best fit is bent by the principle of least square
Line, formula (4) are the fundamental formulars of least square method：
The least square method (also known as least squares method) is a kind of mathematical optimization techniques.It is by minimizing the flat of error
Side and the optimal function matching for finding data.Unknown data can be easily acquired, and cause these using least square method
The quadratic sum of error is minimum between the data and real data that acquire.
In addition it is above-mentioned for shown in the pixel of calibration and the correspondence such as formula (5) of wavelength：
λ [nm]=alpha+beta1p+β2p2+β3p3+β4p4+β5p5 (5)
In formula, p=0..255 represents the pixel number of linear array detector；Coefficient (α, β of 5 rank multinomials1、β2、β3、β4With
β5) demarcate to obtain by tunable laser.
The tunable laser calibration is to determine the corresponding pass between spectral wavelength and InGaAs detector pixels
System.Select 1525-1570nm in the range of tunable optical source, tuning step-length be 0.1nm, using tunable optical source output wavelength come
The reflection wavelength variation that analog optical fiber grating is occurred by external influence, so as to according to known wavelength XpWith pixel number P
The relationship of pixel and corresponding wavelength can be fitted, specifically, by multigroup wavelength XpFormula is updated to pixel number P data
(5) in and equation group is established, so as to solve the parameter value in the formula of obtaining (5).Due to sensing demodulation method of the invention
The element of light path part is fixed, so the relationship of the above-mentioned pixel fitted and corresponding wavelength can be used for measuring other
Tested wavelength is determined during spectrum.
The specific of the sensing demodulation method based on linear array InGaAs scanning FBG reflectance spectrums is obtained in conclusion can summarize
Realize step.Fig. 4 schematically shows the realization block diagram of sensing demodulation method of the present invention：
Step 401：The optical signal that wide spectrum light source 101 is sent out is transmitted to fiber bragg grating through fiber coupler 102
(FBG) in 103；
Step 402：Optical signal will carry after the reflection of fiber bragg grating (FBG) 103 through fiber coupler 102 again
The reflectance spectrum optical signal transmission of demodulating information is to linear array InGaAs photodetectors 104；
Step 403：The reflectance spectrum optical signal is obtained after the processing of linear array InGaAs photodetectors 104 and linear array
The one-to-one reflectance spectrum intensity signal of pixel in InGaAs photodetectors 104；
Step 404：By setting reflectance spectrum intensity threshold value that reflectance spectrum is divided into multistage；
Step 405：To every section of reflectance spectrum, corresponding pixel position carries out Gaussian function fitting analysis with light intensity data, and
Best fit parameters are judged by least square method, further obtain the corresponding pixel position of light intensity peak；
Step 406：The corresponding pixel position of the light intensity peak is brought into pixel position is corresponding with wavelength and is closed
It is in formula and obtains the centre wavelength value of this section of reflectance spectrum, so as to fulfill the demodulation process to reflectance spectrum.
However, other than the sensing and demodulating of the single FBG reflectance spectrums of the single channel shown in Fig. 1, method of the invention can also answer
For the sensing and demodulating of the multiple FBG reflectance spectrums of single channel, single channel parallel processing is realized.Single channel demodulates FBG's (103) simultaneously
Quantity is depending on the bandwidth of FBG and the range of drift of centre wavelength.Relative wavelength drift is about 1.2pm/ μ caused by unit strain
ε with grating Bragg wavelengths centered, such as crosses ± 4000 μ ε for wanting measuring strain maximum magnitude, then centre wavelength or so needs
Each drift 5nm, in addition there are spectrum widths, general 2~4nm or so in itself for optical grating reflection spectrum, then is at least stayed in centre wavelength both sides
Go out the interval of 7nm to be multiplexed, total demodulation spectra wide scope is 45nm, and the quantity that single channel demodulates FBG sensor simultaneously can reach 6
A point.
Finally, the peak-seeking stability of FBG sensing demodulation methods also suffers from many factors influence, in addition to wide spectrum light source 101
Outside power, influence the luminous power factor in fibre-optic waveguide and also have loss of component etc. in optic fibre light path, therefore in fiber grating
In Application in Sensing, especially in remote monitoring, it is also necessary to consider the intensity loss in light path system.
Before sensing demodulation method provided by the invention based on linear array InGaAs scanning FBG reflectance spectrums has good application
Scape demodulates field especially for high speed, has many advantages, such as that single channel parallel processing function, fast response time, stability are high, and
Realize this method system also have many advantages, such as it is simple in structure, without mechanical regulating member.
The attached drawing is only schematical and draws not in scale.Although have been combined preferred embodiment to the present invention into
Description is gone, it is to be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment as described herein.
Explanation and practice with reference to the present invention disclosed here, the other embodiment of the present invention is for those skilled in the art
It all will be readily apparent and understand.Illustrate and embodiment is regarded only as being exemplary, true scope of the invention and purport are equal
It is defined in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of FBG demodulating systems based on the scanning of linear array InGaAs photovoltaic arrays, which is characterized in that the system comprises：
Wide spectrum light source, fiber coupler, single fiber bragg grating or the multiple fiber bragg gratings of single channel, linear array
InGaAs photodetectors and the computing device for peak-seeking algorithm；
The light sent out by the wide spectrum light source is incident on by fiber coupler in fiber bragg grating, using optical fiber Bradley
After lattice optical grating reflection, the reflectance spectrum optical signal with demodulating information is reached into linear array InGaAs photodetections through fiber coupler
Device；
The linear array InGaAs photodetectors include optics preprocessing part and linear array photodetection imaging moiety, optics pretreatment
Part projects optical signal on linear array InGaAs photodetectors by chromatic dispersion principle, and each photosensitive member is by InGaAs photoelectricity two
Pole pipe forms, and detects the optical signalling of infrared wavelength；
The computing device for peak-seeking algorithm, execution such as give an order：Reflectance spectrum optical signal is visited by linear array InGaAs photoelectricity
It is obtained and the one-to-one reflectance spectrum intensity signal in pixel position in linear array InGaAs photodetectors after surveying device processing；
Reflectance spectrum optical signal is divided by multistage by the intensity threshold value for setting reflectance spectrum；
To every section of reflectance spectrum, corresponding pixel position carries out Gaussian function fitting analysis, and pass through least square with light intensity data
Method judges best fit parameters, further obtains the corresponding pixel position of light intensity peak；The pixel position with it is described anti-
Penetrate spectrum luminous intensity model of fit be：
In formula I be reflectance spectrum light intensity, P be pixel position, PcFor the corresponding pixel position of model of fit peak value；
The corresponding pixel position of the light intensity peak is brought into the correspondence formula of pixel position and wavelength and obtained
The centre wavelength value of this section of reflectance spectrum, realizes the demodulation process to reflectance spectrum.
2. sensing demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The linear array InGaAs photodetectors are
256 pixels.
3. sensing demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Pixel position and the correspondence formula of wavelength
For：
λ [nm]=alpha+beta1p+β2p2+β3p3+β4p4+β5p5
λ is wavelength in formula, p is pixel position, α, β1、β2、β3、β4And β5Parameter for relational expression.
4. sensing demodulating system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The parameter of the relational expression is swashed by tunable
Light device is demarcated to obtain.
5. sensing demodulating system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The wavelength model of the tunable laser output
It encloses for 1525-1570nm, and it is 0.1nm to tune step-length.
6. sensing demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wave-length coverage of the wide spectrum light source 101 is
1525~1570nm or 1510~1595nm.
7. sensing demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The light intensity of the wide spectrum light source should be greater than 20mW
Or 13dBm, and FBG reflectance spectrum minimum peaks should be greater than InGaAs detector current noises.
8. sensing demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fiber coupler is 3dB fiber couplings
Device, and splitting ratio 50：50.
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| CN105758434B (en) | 2018-04-10 |
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