CN108176160B - Dust remover for grain collection vehicle and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Dust remover for grain collection vehicle and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108176160B CN108176160B CN201810126392.4A CN201810126392A CN108176160B CN 108176160 B CN108176160 B CN 108176160B CN 201810126392 A CN201810126392 A CN 201810126392A CN 108176160 B CN108176160 B CN 108176160B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
- B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dust remover for a grain collection vehicle and an operation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, wherein the equipment comprises a multi-stage dust removing mechanism, the multi-stage dust removing mechanism comprises a plurality of mutually communicated subchambers, a dust collecting net is arranged on the side wall of each subchamber, and the dust collecting net is inserted in the subchamber in a detachable mode; the multistage dust removal mechanism is internally provided with a flow guide frame, a plurality of air guide discs are fixed on the flow guide frame, the air guide discs are respectively and correspondingly positioned at the air outlet of different subchambers, and the rotation axes of the air guide discs are coincident with the central axes of the corresponding subchambers. The hierarchical dust removal mechanism of this scheme has the dust absorption structure that can extract in a flexible way, and this dust absorption mechanism mainly is made by the dust absorption net, improves the dust absorption net and absorbs the effect of dust, and the dust absorption net made by wire or plastics silk material is very easy to wash clean, compares with current sack dust removal, and the maintenance degree of difficulty is little, adopts the dust absorption net structure can reduce the vibration noise of suction fan, improves operational environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment, in particular to a dust remover for a grain collection vehicle and an operation method thereof.
Background
The sowing area of the national grain crops in 2015 is about 1.1334 hundred million hectares, the total yield value of grain planting is about 18864 hundred million yuan, the total yield value is reduced by about 6.51 percent in the last year, and the yield value of the grain planting in the national planting industry is 32.73 percent and is reduced by 4.23 percent in the last year. The total profit is about 332 billion yuan, and is 84.25% lower than the last year.
The industrial decrease in 2016 grain has further deepened the macroscopic economic impact. The net profit of the grain production in 2016 is reduced by 1360 hundred million yuan, and the total profit of the grain planted by farmers is reduced by 1692 hundred million yuan compared with the prior year. Considering that the marginal consumption tendency of the rural area in 2016 is improved to 0.82 level, the net profit of residents is reduced to 9359 hundred million yuan, which is 1.27 percent of GDP in 2016 year. From the viewpoint of national financial income, the national financial income accounts for 19.66% of the total social demand in the year 2016 from 1 to 9, and the total demand in rural areas is reduced, so that the national financial income is reduced by about 1840 hundred million yuan.
The grain planting income is greatly reduced in proportion to the income of all planting industries, and the non-grain operation of the circulating land or the hidden danger of later grain production caused by the abandoned land in a large amount can be induced, so that the economy and the social stability are affected.
From the current basic national conditions, urban and rural economy integration of China is realized, peasant life reaches the well-being level, effective transfer of rural labor force needs to be quickened, rural land circulation is quickened, land circulation is improved to be more than 90% from the current 14.33%, and specialized operation of family farms in rural areas can basically reach urban and rural economy integration.
For the current situation, the main reasons of rural labor loss come from higher income expected by urban workers on one hand and from new generation peasant class transition caused by lower agricultural modernization level on the other hand, so that the income of peasants can be improved, the quantity of agricultural workers can be saved and talents are attracted by accelerating the promotion of agricultural machinery modernization level and improving the yield of grain crops of single agricultural land management personnel.
In order to improve the agricultural modernization level, improve the automation degree of agricultural machinery, reduce the use amount of labor personnel, lighten the burden of farmers, a large number of agricultural labor production tools are developed by a plurality of agricultural mechanical equipment enterprises, and the number of agricultural machinery represented by grain collection is particularly large.
Such as the Chinese patent, application number: 2014204448101, patent name: a grain collecting machine for a sunning ground, which is characterized by an abstract of a specification: a grain collecting machine for a sunning ground consists of an automobile chassis, a grain sucking separating box, an air blocking device, a lifting machine, a roller propeller, a fan, a diesel generator, a material sucking hose and a grain sucking nozzle. The grain suction device is arranged on an automobile chassis, a diesel generator is arranged on the automobile chassis, a grain suction nozzle is fixed at the front end of the automobile chassis and can be adjusted up and down, the grain suction nozzle is connected with a grain suction separation tank through a material suction hose, the lower end of the grain suction separation tank is connected with a wind blocking device, the discharge port end of the wind blocking device is connected with a feed hopper at the lower end of a lifting machine, the discharge port at the upper end of the lifting machine is connected with a roller propeller, a fan induced air pipe is connected with the upper end of the grain suction separation tank, and a steering wheel is arranged at the front end of the automobile chassis.
This solution aims at improving the level of agricultural mechanization and reducing the heavy burden of workers, however, it has proved that the following disadvantages remain in practice:
1. after grains and the air flow carried by the grains enter the grain sucking and separating box are separated, the air pressure difference in the grain sucking and separating box is greatly reduced, the grains are not carried by the air flow any more, and therefore fall on the bottom of the grain sucking and separating box, the air flow is discharged out of the grain sucking and separating box, and the scheme is not provided with a dust cleaning device, so that the discharged dust can cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment, and the health of agricultural machine operators is influenced;
2. the fan, the separation bin, the air closer, the feed hopper and the roller propeller are arranged along the same vertical position, so that the vertical occupied space size of the position is very large, obstacles are not avoided in the moving process of the grain collecting machine, the gravity center of the grain collecting machine is improved, and the running stability of the grain collecting machine is influenced;
3. the suction range of the grain suction port of the suction hose is narrower, so that the grain suction efficiency is low, when the suction hose absorbs grains, the feed port of the suction hose needs to be continuously moved to suck grains at different positions, and the movement of the suction hose depends on the integral movement of the large-size grain receiving machine, so that the energy consumption generated in the grain suction process is increased;
another prior art is a chinese patent application, application number: 2015205371046, name: a grain harvester for a sunning ground, which is characterized by the abstract of the specification: a grain harvester for a sunning ground comprises a frame, wherein travelling wheels and universal wheels are arranged on the frame; the conveying device is arranged on the rack and is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet; the feeding device is arranged at the feed inlet side of the conveying device and is used for conveying grains at two sides of the feed inlet of the conveying device to the feed inlet of the conveying device; it is also provided with on the frame: the grain sucking and dust collecting device is characterized in that a grain sucking nozzle in the grain sucking and dust collecting device sucks grains on a sunning ground into a discharging box in the grain sucking and dust collecting device for sedimentation and collection, and a dust sucking nozzle in the grain sucking and dust collecting device sucks dust generated by a discharging opening of a conveying device into the discharging box for treatment; the power device drives the travelling wheels to walk and simultaneously drives the grain sucking and dust absorbing device, the conveying device and the feeding device to work.
Although the dust collecting bag is arranged in the discharging box, the discharging box is positioned in the middle of the device, dust accumulation needs to be cleaned frequently, and the discharging box is very troublesome to detach frequently.
In the existing equipment, people also often adopt a cloth bag as a dust removing structure, air is permeated by utilizing the air permeability of cloth, dust is blocked, and the scheme is adopted in flour factories, however, on one hand, the cloth bag is easy to be blocked by the dust, so that the air exhausting efficiency of the cloth bag is gradually reduced, and on the other hand. The cloth bag in use occupies large space, and is easy to scratch and scratch by branch crotch when being arranged on a movable grain collecting vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the conditions that dust and other pollutants in air are filtered by adopting a cloth structure in the prior art to easily cause incomplete filtration and blockage of filtering equipment, the invention provides the dust remover for the grain collection vehicle and the operation method thereof.
2. Technical proposal
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The dust remover for the grain collection vehicle comprises a multi-stage dust removing mechanism, wherein the multi-stage dust removing mechanism comprises a plurality of mutually communicated subchambers, dust collection nets are arranged on the side walls of each subchamber, and the dust collection nets are inserted into the subchambers in a detachable mode; the multistage dust removal mechanism is internally provided with a flow guide frame, a plurality of air guide discs are fixed on the flow guide frame, the air guide discs are respectively positioned in the corresponding subchambers, and the axes of the air guide discs are coincident with the axes of the corresponding subchambers.
Preferably, the overall size of the subchambers decreases one by one along the exhaust direction.
Preferably, limiting protrusions for fixing the dust collection net are arranged in the subcavities.
Preferably, the side walls of the subchambers are respectively provided with a jack for installing a dust collection net.
Preferably, one end of the dust collection net is provided with an end plate with a handle.
Preferably, the dust collection net is made of metal wires or plastic wires.
Preferably, a circle of annular concave cambered surface is arranged on the windward side of the wind guiding disc.
Preferably, the multistage dust removal mechanism is connected with a suction fan, the suction fan is arranged on the separation bin, the lower end of the separation bin is communicated with a grain pushing mechanism in a sealing way, and the grain pushing mechanism is communicated with a grain storage bin in a sealing way.
Preferably, the separation bin is connected with a gathering shell, a grain sucking pipe is communicated between the separation bin and the gathering shell, the gathering shell is fixed through a parallel four-bar mechanism, and a grain scraping auger is arranged in the gathering shell.
The operation method of the dust remover for the grain collection vehicle comprises a multi-stage dust removing mechanism, wherein the multi-stage dust removing mechanism comprises a plurality of mutually communicated subchambers, the overall size of each subchamber is reduced one by one along the exhaust direction, a dust collection net is movably arranged on the side wall of each subchamber, and the dust collection net is fixed by a limiting protrusion on the inner wall of each subchamber; a flow guide frame is arranged in the multistage dust removal mechanism, a plurality of air guide discs are fixed on the flow guide frame, the air guide discs are respectively positioned in the corresponding subchambers, and a circle of annular concave cambered surfaces are arranged on the windward side of the air guide discs;
the method comprises the following steps:
1. installing a dust collection net: the dust collection net is inserted into the subchamber through the insertion holes on the side wall of the corresponding subchamber respectively, the limiting protrusions are clamped between the limiting protrusions and the inner wall of the subchamber, the insertion holes are blocked by the end plate of the dust collection net, and the tightness of the subchamber is ensured;
2. and (3) exhausting: the air flow sequentially enters each subchamber of the multistage dust removing mechanism, and is discharged from the subchamber with the largest size to the subchamber with the smallest size;
3. and (3) filtering: the air flow enters the subchamber and impacts on an air guide disc in the subchamber, the annular concave cambered surface on the air guide disc disperses and guides the air flow from the middle part to the dust collection net around, and the air flow is filtered by the dust collection net and discharged to an air outlet of the corresponding subchamber;
4. cleaning a dust collection net: pulling the handle to draw out the dust collection net, and cleaning the dust on the dust collection net by using high-pressure air flow or high-pressure water.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In the dust removing process, the prior art generally adopts a cloth bag for dust removing, namely, the dust is filtered by utilizing the filtering characteristic of the cloth bag, however, the dust is easy to block the cloth bag, so that the exhaust efficiency of the cloth bag is reduced, the occupied space of the cloth bag in use is large, and the cloth bag is easy to be scratched by branches, in order to find an effective scheme capable of replacing the cloth bag for dust removing, the scheme is that the hierarchical dust removing mechanism is provided with a dust collecting structure which can be flexibly extracted, the dust collecting mechanism is mainly made of a dust collecting net, on the one hand, the characteristic that the dust collecting net is dense in structure is utilized, the dust collecting effect of the dust collecting net is improved, on the other hand, the dust collecting net made of metal wires or plastic wires is easy to clean, compared with the existing cloth bag dust removing, the maintenance difficulty is small, and further, the vibration noise of a suction fan can be reduced by adopting the dust collecting net structure, and the working environment is improved; in the aspect of architecture design, the invention adopts the flow guide frame to improve the trend of the air flow passing through the multistage dust removing mechanism, increases the contact time and the contact area between the air flow and the dust collection net in the multistage dust removing mechanism, and improves the filtering efficiency of the multistage dust removing mechanism to the greatest extent
(2) Along with the sequential filtration of the air flow in the subchambers, the filtration pressure of the subchambers at the rear part is gradually reduced, so that the subchambers with large sizes are not required to be continuously used, the material cost is saved, and the overall weight of the multistage dust removing mechanism is reduced.
(3) In order to facilitate the rapid insertion or extraction of the dust collection net, the side wall of the subchamber is provided with a jack, the dust collection net is inserted into the subchamber through the jack and is fixed on the inner wall of the subchamber by the limiting bulge, and the dust collection net can be rapidly pulled out by the handle, so that the dust collection net is convenient to wash or replace.
(4) The annular concave cambered surface on the air guide disc enables air to flow reversely to the air inlet direction of the subchamber and flow to the periphery along the dust collection net to the air outlet of the subchamber, and in the process, the air flow is fully contacted with the dust collection net, so that the aim of fully filtering impurities in the air flow is fulfilled.
(5) In order to solve the problems that after the size of a suction nozzle is widened in the prior art, the air pressure in a grain suction pipe is reduced, so that the force for sucking grains is reduced and the grain suction efficiency is suddenly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the grain collection vehicle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view in the B direction of the grain gathering mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage dust removal mechanism of the present invention for filtering dust;
fig. 5 is an expanded view of the dust collection net of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a chassis; 101. an engine; 102. a platform;
2. a grain separating mechanism; 201. a grain suction pipe; 202. a separation bin; 203. a filter screen plate; 204. a suction fan; 205. a motor I; 206. a sealing plate; 207. a limiting plate; 208. a tension spring;
3. a grain gathering mechanism; 301. closing the shell; 302. a parallel four bar linkage; 303. a thread sleeve; 304. a third motor; 305. grain scraping auger; 306. a feed inlet; 307. an inclined plane; 308. a fourth motor; 309. prismatic material dividing frame; 310. taking off the plate;
4. a grain pushing mechanism; 401. a housing; 402. a grain storage bin; 403. a spiral auger; 404. a motor II; 405. a one-way pressure release valve;
5. a multistage dust removing mechanism; 501. a subchamber; 502. a dust collection net; 503. a limit protrusion;
5021. an end plate; 5022. a handle;
6. a flow guiding frame; 601. an air guiding disc.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in the following to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the present invention easy to understand.
Example 1
The invention is shown by way of example and is highly simplified as shown in fig. 1 to 5:
in the prior art, the air-lock is generally adopted to separate grains from the separation bin 202, but the air-lock needs to be driven independently, so that on one hand, the load of a generator is increased, on the other hand, the mass of the whole vehicle is increased, the power requirement of an engine is increased, energy conservation and emission reduction are not facilitated, and the design trend of lightening the offending vehicle is provided.
Further, the blades of the air closer crush grain particles positioned between the blades and the inner wall of the air closer in the rotation process, so that the integrity of grain processing is not guaranteed, crushed grains are easier to deteriorate and mould, and if the crushed grain particles are too much, the grain storage quality and the quality assurance period of the whole granary can be influenced.
Moreover, in the aspect of the result of use, the suction fan, the separation bin, the air closer and the grain storage bin are sequentially arranged and assembled in the vertical direction, so that the vertical dimension of the part is overlarge, the whole grain collecting vehicle is quite outstanding, the whole vehicle is attractive in appearance, more importantly, as the grain collecting vehicle is often driven in the field, the rural and rural trees are luxuriant, the cable is relatively low, and the structure at the top of the grain collecting vehicle is often scratched to branches or cables, so that certain potential safety hazards are generated.
In order to solve the problems, the grain collecting vehicle is characterized in that a grain separating mechanism 2 is arranged on a chassis 1, the grain separating mechanism 2 comprises a separating bin 202, a filter screen 203 is arranged in the middle of the separating bin 202, the filter screen 203 is positioned above a connecting port of a grain suction pipe 201 and the separating bin 202, a magnet is arranged on the filter screen 203 and used for blocking leaves, metal impurities and the like entering a suction fan 204, the suction fan 204 is prevented from being worn or wound by the impurities, and the safe operation of the suction fan 204 is ensured; the separation bin 202 is connected with a suction fan 204, and the separation bin 202 is communicated with the suction fan 204, the suction fan 204 is used for forming negative pressure in the separation bin 202, and the suction fan 204 is driven by a motor No. 205.
The grain pushing mechanism 4 used for pushing grains to one side is connected below the separation bin 202, the grain pushing mechanism 4 comprises a shell 401, one end of the shell 401 is connected with the grain storage bin 402, the other end of the shell 401 is communicated with the lower end of the separation bin 202, a spiral auger 403 is mounted inside the shell 401, and the spiral auger 403 is driven by a second motor 404. The space formed among the separating bin 202, the grain pushing mechanism 4 and the grain storage bin 402 is a closed space, a roll-over door for outputting grains is arranged at the side part of the grain storage bin 402, and after the roll-over door is closed, a closed space is formed in the grain storage bin 402.
Because the sealed space is formed in the grain storage bin 402, when negative pressure is generated in the separation bin 202, no pressure difference is generated between the interior of the grain storage bin 402 and the interior of the separation bin 202, and the air suction fan 204 cannot form air flow in the grain storage bin 402, namely grains in the grain storage bin 402 cannot be pumped to the air suction fan 204, so that the purposes that the air suction fan 204 sucks grains in the grain storage bin 402 to the air suction fan 204 are avoided by isolating a part of the space of the separation bin 202 by the air closure device in the prior art are achieved. The wind blocking device is omitted, so that the following beneficial effects are shown: 1. the assembly sizes of the parts such as the suction fan 204, the separation bin 202 and the grain pushing mechanism 4 are reduced, the height of the whole vehicle is reduced, obstacles are prevented from being scraped in the running process of the grain collection vehicle, and the center of gravity of the whole vehicle is reduced; 2. the omitted air blocking device also reduces the use of a motor matched with the air blocking device, thereby reducing the power requirement of the engine 101, saving the cost of the engine 101 and reducing the weight of the whole vehicle by reducing the type requirement of the engine 101; 3. thoroughly avoid the blade of the air lock to press the condition of damaging grain granule.
Further, the scheme adopts a mode that the spiral auger 403 pushes grains to the grain storage bin 402, the radial dimension of the spiral auger 403 is greatly reduced, and the grain storage bin 402 is prevented from lifting the separation bin 202 and the suction fan 204; and because the grain storage bin 402 is transferred to one side, the barriers around the grain storage bin 402 are less blocked, so that an operator can conveniently open the roll-over door of the grain storage bin 402 to take out grains stored in the roll-over door.
Further, in order to avoid the difficulty in pushing the grain in the grain storage bin 402 caused by the increase of the internal pressure of the grain storage bin 402 in the process of pushing the grain towards the grain storage bin 402 by the screw auger 403, the unidirectional pressure release valve 405 is installed on the grain storage bin 402, so that the air pressure in the grain storage bin 402 is timely removed.
In order to prevent poor sealing of the space formed among the separation bin 202, the grain pushing mechanism 4 and the grain storage bin 402, as a supplement, sealing plates 206 for separating the separation bin 202 from the grain pushing mechanism 4 are hinged on the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the lower part of the separation bin 202, a limiting plate 207 for limiting the sealing plates 206 is arranged above the sealing plates 206, extension springs 208 for pulling the corresponding sealing plates 206 to be closed are correspondingly arranged between the limiting plates 207 and the corresponding sealing plates 206, the two sealing plates 206 are mutually clamped to form sealing separation plates under the stretching action of the extension springs 208, the limiting plates 207 are used as blocking parts, the rotation limit of the sealing plates 206 is limited, and the sealing plates 206 are prevented from being overturned upwards; when grains gather above the sealing plate 206, and the pulling force of the tension spring 208 is exceeded, the sealing plate 206 is opened, the grains enter the spiral auger 403, and the tension spring 208 is reset and sealed again.
In the prior art, the grain sucking functional part for sucking grains and the grain scraping functional part for scraping grains into the grain storage bin 402 are independent of each other, and the grain sucking functional part is used as a supplement of the grain scraping functional part, but both independent functional parts also comprise independent matched systems, so that the two functional parts have a complex structure and a huge volume, for example, the grain scraping functional part usually needs a conveyor for conveying grains, and the conveyor has a huge volume.
In order to solve the problem, reduce the whole vehicle volume and improve the grain collecting efficiency, the scheme adopts a design thought that a grain sucking functional part is taken as a main part and a grain scraping functional part is taken as an auxiliary part, a conveyor with huge volume is removed, and only a grain scraping auger 305 for grain scraping is reserved; the specific implementation mode is as follows: a grain gathering mechanism 3 for gathering grains is arranged at the front end of the chassis 1; the grain collecting mechanism 3 is communicated with the grain separating mechanism 2 through a grain sucking pipe 201, a platform 102 is arranged at the front end of the chassis 1, the grain collecting mechanism 3 comprises a collecting shell 301, the platform 102 is connected with the collecting shell 301 through a parallel four-bar mechanism 302, a threaded sleeve 303 is hinged to the rear end of the collecting shell 301, a motor number three 304 is hinged to the platform 102, and a rotating shaft of the motor number three 304 is connected with the threaded sleeve 303 in a threaded fit manner; the front end of the gathering shell 301 is provided with a feed inlet 306, a grain scraping auger 305 is arranged in the gathering shell 301, and the grain sucking pipe 201 is communicated with the rear side space inside the gathering shell 301.
The two grain scraping augers 305 are all arranged, the front ends of the grain scraping augers 305 are respectively opened to the left and the right, and the two grain scraping augers 305 which are arranged in a splayed shape realize the purpose of using fewer grain scraping augers 305 to perform grain scraping in a larger range, so that the grain scraping efficiency can be improved; a prismatic material separating frame 309 is arranged between the grain scraping augers 305, and the prismatic material separating frame 309 and the collecting shell 301 together form an outer frame of the grain scraping augers 305 so as to be matched with the grain scraping augers 305 to convey grains backwards, and a triangular structure at the front part of the prismatic material separating frame 309 is used for separating the grains to the grain scraping augers 305 at two sides.
In order to further expand the grain collecting range, a scraping plate 310 for scraping grains towards the front of the grain collecting shell 301 is hinged to the left side and the right side of the grain collecting shell 301, the scraping plate 310 is driven by a cylinder, and the scraping plate 310 rotates under the action of the cylinder and the lever principle.
When the grain collecting device is used, the rotating shaft of the motor III 304 rotates, and as the motor III 304 and the thread bush 303 cannot rotate, the thread bush 303 moves axially relative to the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft rotates, at the moment, the thread bush 303 pushes the collecting shell 301 to swing under the control of the parallel four-bar mechanism 302, so that the grain collecting shell 301 is suitable for different grain stacking heights, grains enter the collecting shell 301 from the feeding hole 306 in the process of swinging the collecting shell 301 downwards towards the front side, the grain collecting shell 301 is pushed to the rear side by the grain scraping auger 305 driven by the motor IV 308, and at the moment, the grain sucking pipe 201 communicated with the rear space of the collecting shell 301 is used for sucking grains into the separating bin 202.
In the above working process, taking the grain scraping rate of the grain scraping plate 310 as the standard, which meets the transmission rate of the grain scraping auger 305, the mathematical model between the grain scraping auger 305 and the grain scraping plate 310 can be established to obtain the following relation:
in the formula (1): alpha is the swinging angle of the scraping plate, R is the length of the grain scraping part of the scraping plate, H is the width of the scraping plate, omega is the rotating speed of the grain scraping auger, R is the radius of the grain scraping auger, and beta is the inclination angle of the blade of the grain scraping auger; in general, the radius R of the grain scraping auger is 15cm, the inclination angle beta of the blade is 30 degrees, R is 30cm, H is 30cm according to the size of the grain scraping auger, the rotation speed omega of the grain scraping auger is 30-60R/min, alpha is 675-1350 degrees after being substituted into a formula, namely, the grain scraping plate 310 can swing 675-1350 degrees per minute to meet the requirement of grain collection under the normal rotation speed of the grain scraping auger, and the average grain scraping angle is 11.25-22.5 degrees per second. However, in actual use, after the speed swing of the scraping plate is realized by adopting the control of the air cylinder, the grain collecting requirement of the spiral auger is still not met, and through analysis by the inventor, as all grains in the swing range of the scraping plate cannot be scraped into the grain collecting auger in the swing process of the scraping plate, the grain collecting requirement of the grain collecting auger can be met by setting the swing speed of the scraping plate to be improved by 1.3 times technically at the speed.
In order to facilitate grains to enter the grain suction pipe 201, the rear end surface of the collecting shell 301 is provided with an inclined surface 307 with the lower edge inclined forward, and the grains slide upwards along the inclined surface and are closer to the grain suction port of the grain suction pipe 201, so that grain suction efficiency of the grain suction pipe 201 is improved.
According to the scheme, through setting the shell 301, the suction space of the grain suction pipe 201 is enlarged, according to common sense, under the condition that the wind pressure is unchanged, the larger the opening area is, the smaller the suction strength is, in order to overcome the problem, the grain suction function is strengthened by adopting the mode of assisting the grain suction pipe 201 with the grain suction auger 305, meanwhile, the grain suction auger 305 component with the grain suction function is reserved, and the problems that in the prior art, the grain suction and grain suction mutually independent systems are huge, the structure is swelling and the energy consumption is high are avoided.
In order to facilitate the user to observe whether the grain is effectively absorbed, the grain suction pipe 201 is arranged at the side part of the driving position, so that the driver can observe the grain filling condition in the grain suction pipe 201 conveniently, and know whether the grain at the position is completely collected, without getting off to observe or other personnel to coordinate with command.
In order to improve the grain sucking range of the grain sucking pipe 201 and avoid grain accumulation dead angles, the grain sucking pipe 201 and the shell collecting 301 are communicated at a plurality of positions, namely, the grain sucking pipe 201 is adopted to suck grains at different positions of the shell collecting 301.
In order to avoid the problem, the scheme adopts a multi-stage dust removing mechanism 5 installed at an air outlet of a suction fan 204, the multi-stage dust removing mechanism 5 comprises a plurality of sub-cavities 501 which are placed in a stacked mode and mutually communicated, dust collection nets 502 are arranged on the side wall of each sub-cavity 501, limiting protrusions 503 for limiting the installation position of the corresponding dust collection net 502 are further arranged in the sub-cavity 501 respectively, the dust collection net 502 is inserted into the sub-cavity 501 in a detachable mode, the inner side walls of the sub-cavities 501 are fixed together with the limiting protrusions 503, the dust collection net 502 is inserted into the corresponding sub-cavity 501 conveniently, jacks are correspondingly arranged on the side walls of the sub-cavities 501 respectively, one ends of the dust collection nets 502 are fixed with end plates 5021 for preventing the dust collection nets 502 from completely entering the sub-cavities 501, and handles 5022 are fixed on the end plates 5021 respectively.
When in use, the dust collection net 502 made of metal wires or plastic wires is respectively inserted into the corresponding subchambers 501, and is clamped and fixed by the inner walls of the subchambers 501 and the limit protrusions 503, the end plate 5021 is blocked at the corresponding insertion holes, and the subchambers 501 are sealed; when the air flow sequentially passes through each subchamber 501, the dust collection net 502 in the corresponding subchamber 501 adsorbs impurities in the air on the dust collection net 502, and the air is gradually purified through layer-by-layer adsorption.
In order to make impurities in air fully contact with the dust collection net 502, in the scheme, a flow guide frame 6 is additionally arranged in the multi-stage dust collection mechanism 5, the extending direction of the flow guide frame 6 is the same as the axial direction of the multi-stage dust collection mechanism 5, air guide plates 601 are uniformly arranged on the flow guide frame 6, the air guide plates 601 are respectively positioned at air outlets of corresponding subchambers 501, edges of the air guide plates 601 are tilted to air inlets, when air flow enters a first subchamber 501 from the air outlets of the air suction fans 204, the air flow is reversely diffused around after impacting on the air guide plates 601, the air flow firstly impacts on the inner wall close to one side of the air inlet, then flows to the air outlets along the inner wall of the subchamber 501, in the process, impurities in the air flow are adsorbed by the dust collection net 502, and the air flow discharged from the first subchamber 501 enters a second subchamber 501, and so on until the last subchamber 501 removes impurities more fully. As the filtering proceeds, the dust removing pressure of the sub-chamber 501 at the rear side gradually decreases, so that the size of the sub-chamber 501 away from the suction fan 204 is reduced one by one to save unnecessary material use and reduce the weight of the apparatus.
Because the dust collection net 502 is detachably arranged in the subchamber 501, when the dust collection net is required to be cleaned, the dust collection net is directly drawn out for flushing, and because the dust collection net 502 adopts metal wires or plastic wires, the adhesion of the metal wires or the plastic wires to dust is greatly reduced compared with that of common filter cotton materials in the prior art, and dust particles are very easy to remove when the dust collection net is flushed by high-pressure water.
When the power of the suction fan is selected, the calculation formula of the power P (KW) required by the suction fan is as follows:
P=1.1×Qp/(3600×1020η) (2)
in the formula (2), Q is air quantity; p is the full wind pressure of the suction fan; η is the suction fan efficiency, generally 0.75-0.85, in this example 0.8; the power P is 15KW which is most commonly used in the field, and the Qp obtained by bringing the power P into the formula (2) is 40058181; when the rotation speed omega of the grain scraping auger is set to be 60r/min, 19m of grains are scraped per hour by the grain scraping auger 3 The inventors measured that the dust removing apparatusThe air quantity Q is about 50 times of the grain yield, namely 950m 3 And/h, thus obtaining a total wind pressure p of 4.2KPa;
p=ρgh (3)
in the formula (3): ρ is the average density of the dried wheat, typically 750kg/m 3 G is a gravity coefficient, 9.8N/kg is taken; the height h of the wheat sucked up by bringing full wind pressure into the formula (3) is 5.6m, and the 15KW air suction machine can meet the daily production requirement.
A method of operating a grain collection vehicle, the method comprising the steps of:
1. adjusting a grain gathering mechanism 3: the rotating shaft of the third motor 304 rotates, the relative distance between the rotating shaft and the threaded sleeve 303 changes, so that the rotating shaft pushes the threaded sleeve 303 to move forwards or backwards, the threaded sleeve 303 drives the collecting shell 301 to swing around the parallel four-bar mechanism 302, and the height and the front and rear positions of the collecting shell 301 are adjusted, so that grains on a sunning ground can be accurately collected;
2. gathering grains: the two grain scraping augers 305 rotate, grain is pushed to the grain suction port of the grain suction pipe 201 from the feed port 306 in a frame surrounded by the shell collecting 301 and the prismatic material separating frame 309, and the grain moves upwards to a position closer to the grain suction port along the inclined surface 307 by virtue of the inclined surface 307 structure of the shell collecting 301, so that the grain suction pipe 201 is more convenient to suck the grain;
3. sucking grains: a first motor 205 drives a suction fan 204 to form negative pressure in the separation bin 202, the negative pressure is also formed in a grain suction pipe 201 communicated with the separation bin 202, the atmospheric pressure pushes grains to flow into the grain suction pipe 201, the grain suction pipe 201 is arranged on one side of a cockpit, and a driver judges whether grains exist in the position or not and whether the position of a grain collecting vehicle should be moved or not by observing the grain fullness degree in the grain suction pipe 201; because the communication channel between the separation bin 202 and the grain storage bin 402 is of a sealing structure, when negative pressure is formed in the separation bin 202, the pressure in the sealing space is equal, and grains in the grain storage bin 402 cannot return to the separation bin 202, so that the air pressure of the grain suction is completely acted in the grain suction pipe 201, and the grain suction capacity is improved.
4. Grain collection: after the grains enter the separation bin 202 through the grain suction pipe 201, the pressure of the grains is suddenly reduced due to the fact that the air pressure in the separation bin 202 is similar, the grains fall on the bottom of the separation bin 202 under the action of gravity, and the spiral auger 403 pushes the grains into the grain storage bin 402;
5. dedusting: after the grain is pushed into the separation bin 202 by the air, the air is discharged to the multi-stage dust removing mechanism 5 by the suction fan 204, passes through each subchamber 501 in sequence, and is turned to the dust collection net 502 of each subchamber 501 under the flow guiding effect of the air guide disc 601 in the corresponding subchamber 501, and dust particles in the air are adsorbed by the corresponding dust collection net 502, so that the aim of fully filtering the air is fulfilled.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited to the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a grain collection vehicle dust remover, includes multistage dust removal mechanism (5), its characterized in that:
the multistage dust removing mechanism (5) comprises a plurality of sub-cavities (501) which are mutually communicated in a stacked manner, and the overall size of each sub-cavity (501) is reduced one by one along the exhaust direction; a dust collection net (502) is arranged on the side wall of each sub-cavity (501), the dust collection net (502) is made of metal wires, limiting protrusions (503) for fixing the dust collection net (502) are arranged in each sub-cavity (501), the dust collection net (502) is clamped and fixed by the inner wall of each sub-cavity (501) and the limiting protrusions (503), a jack for installing the dust collection net (502) is arranged on the side wall of each sub-cavity (501), and the dust collection net (502) is inserted into the jack in a detachable mode and is inserted into the sub-cavity (501); an end plate (5021) with a handle (5022) is arranged at one end of the dust collection net (502); the end plate plugs the jack to ensure the tightness of the subchamber;
install water conservancy diversion frame (6) in multistage dust removal mechanism (5), be fixed with a plurality of wind-guiding discs (601) on water conservancy diversion frame (6), wind-guiding disc (601) are located respectively and correspond subcavity (501), are equipped with round annular indent cambered surface on the windward side of wind-guiding disc (601), the axis of wind-guiding disc (601) and the axis coincidence of corresponding subcavity (501).
2. The dust remover for grain collection vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the multistage dust removal mechanism (5) is connected with the air suction fan (204), the air suction fan (204) is arranged on the separation bin (202), the lower end of the separation bin (202) is communicated with the grain pushing mechanism (4) in a sealing mode, and the grain pushing mechanism (4) is communicated with the grain storage bin (402) in a sealing mode.
3. The dust remover for grain collection vehicle of claim 2, wherein: the grain collecting device is characterized in that the separation bin (202) is connected with a grain collecting shell (301), a grain sucking pipe (201) is communicated between the separation bin (202) and the grain collecting shell (301), the grain collecting shell (301) is fixed through a parallel four-bar mechanism (302), and a grain scraping auger (305) is arranged in the grain collecting shell (301).
4. A method of operating a dust collector for a grain collection vehicle employing the dust collector of claim 1, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
1) And installing a dust collection net (502): the dust collection net (502) is inserted into the subchamber (501) through the insertion holes on the side wall of the corresponding subchamber (501) respectively, and is clamped between the limiting bulge (503) and the inner wall of the subchamber (501) by the limiting bulge (503);
2) And (3) air exhaust: the air flow sequentially enters each subchamber (501) of the multistage dust removing mechanism (5), and is discharged from the subchamber (501) with the largest size to the subchamber (501) with the smallest size;
3) And (3) filtering: the air flow enters the subchamber (501) and impacts on an air guide disc (601) in the subchamber (501), the annular concave cambered surface on the air guide disc (601) disperses and guides the air flow from the middle part to the dust collection net (502) around, and the air flow is filtered by the dust collection net (502) and discharged to an air outlet of the corresponding subchamber (501).
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CN108176160B true CN108176160B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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