CN108160478A - A kind of soya bean sorting machine - Google Patents
A kind of soya bean sorting machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108160478A CN108160478A CN201810184664.6A CN201810184664A CN108160478A CN 108160478 A CN108160478 A CN 108160478A CN 201810184664 A CN201810184664 A CN 201810184664A CN 108160478 A CN108160478 A CN 108160478A
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001497 healthy food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
- B07B4/025—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall the material being slingered or fled out horizontally before falling, e.g. by dispersing elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
- F26B17/04—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
- F26B23/06—Heating arrangements using electric heating resistance heating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及筛选设备领域，具体的说是一种黄豆分选机。The invention relates to the field of screening equipment, in particular to a soybean sorting machine.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会的发展，科学技术的更新，农业技术也在不断的进步，各类作物种子的筛选分级同样需要不断的发展。传统的物料筛选系统，以黄豆为例，是利用机械振动或者圆整度来进行筛选，以这种方式筛选黄豆，效率虽然比较高，不过在这种筛选方式的筛选过程中只是利用黄豆的圆整度或者物料的颜色来区分物料品质的好坏，这种方式筛选出的黄豆圆整度或者黄豆颜色比较好，但是黄豆的内部结构不能够保证完好，例如黄豆的内部被虫子咬坏，内部不完整，或者黄豆在某些不知情的情况下外部被细微的破坏，而这种破坏不能让传统的黄豆筛选系统分辨出来，这样就影响到黄豆的种植品质，进而影响到育出种苗的品质，造成黄豆的减产，或者影响到制作食品的质量，使食品的品质下降使农民朋友的收益以及生产食品的厂家的收益降低。With the development of society, the renewal of science and technology, and the continuous improvement of agricultural technology, the screening and grading of various crop seeds also need continuous development. The traditional material screening system, taking soybeans as an example, uses mechanical vibration or roundness to screen. Although soybeans are screened in this way, the efficiency is relatively high, but in the screening process of this screening method, only the roundness of soybeans is used. The wholeness or the color of the material is used to distinguish the quality of the material. The roundness or color of the soybeans screened by this method is better, but the internal structure of the soybean cannot be guaranteed to be intact. For example, the inside of the soybean is bitten by insects. Incomplete, or soybeans are slightly damaged externally without knowing it, and this damage cannot be distinguished by the traditional soybean screening system, which will affect the planting quality of soybeans, and then affect the success of breeding seedlings. Quality, resulting in a reduction in the production of soybeans, or affecting the quality of the food produced, reducing the quality of the food and reducing the income of farmers and food manufacturers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种黄豆分选机，可根据黄豆质量对其进行筛选分级，使得分选后的黄豆质量一致，利于育苗和提高产量。The invention aims to provide a sorting machine for soybeans, which can screen and classify soybeans according to their quality, so that the quality of soybeans after sorting is consistent, which is beneficial to seedling cultivation and increased yield.
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种黄豆分选机，包括壳体以及设置在壳体中的干燥机构和筛分机构；所述干燥机构包括沿壳体高度方向分布的多个第一皮带输送机，第一皮带输送机均包括输送带、主动辊、从动辊以及设置在主动辊和从动辊之间并用于对输送带上的黄豆进行加热干燥的电加热器，任意相邻两个第一皮带输送机的输送方向均相反设置，在壳体上对应最上方的第一皮带输送机的输送方向起始端位置设有进料口，在位于最下方的第一皮带输送机的输送方向末端设有固定刮板，在任意相邻两个皮带输送机之间均设有用于将位于上方第一皮带输送机输送方向末端的黄豆导向相邻的下方第一皮带输送机输送方向起始端的导料装置，导料装置包括滚筒以及用于驱动滚筒转动的电机，在滚筒的周面上沿滚筒的周向间隔设有多条沿滚筒轴向分布的沟槽；所述筛分机构包括设置在干燥机构下方的第二皮带输送机和第三皮带输送机，第二皮带输送机和第三皮带输送机的输送方向起始端均对应位于最下方的第一皮带输送机的输送方向末端设置，在壳体上对应第二皮带输送机输送方向末端的位置设有第一出料口，在壳体上对应第三皮带输送机输送方向末端的位置设有第二出料口，在第二皮带输送机输送方向起始端设有用于将经最下方的第一皮带输送机落下的黄豆导向第二皮带输送机的导向板，导向板的上缘与位于最下方的第一皮带输送机之间设有间隙，在间隙位置设有用于将位于最下方的第一皮带输送机落下的黄豆吹向第三皮带输送机方向的风机。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a soybean sorting machine, including a housing and a drying mechanism and a screening mechanism arranged in the housing; the drying mechanism includes A plurality of first belt conveyors, each of which includes a conveyor belt, a driving roller, a driven roller, and an electric heater arranged between the driving roller and the driven roller for heating and drying soybeans on the conveyor belt , the conveying directions of any two adjacent first belt conveyors are oppositely set, and a feeding port is provided on the casing corresponding to the starting end of the conveying direction of the uppermost first belt conveyor, and the first belt conveyor located at the lowermost There is a fixed scraper at the end of the conveying direction of the belt conveyor, and a fixed scraper is installed between any two adjacent belt conveyors to guide the soybeans located at the end of the conveying direction of the upper first belt conveyor to the adjacent lower first belt conveyer. The material guide device at the starting end of the conveying direction of the machine, the material guide device includes a drum and a motor for driving the drum to rotate, and a plurality of grooves distributed along the axial direction of the drum are arranged on the peripheral surface of the drum at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drum; The screening mechanism includes a second belt conveyor and a third belt conveyor arranged below the drying mechanism, and the starting ends of the conveying direction of the second belt conveyor and the third belt conveyor correspond to the first belt conveyor located at the bottom. The end of the conveying direction is set, the first discharge port is provided on the shell corresponding to the end of the conveying direction of the second belt conveyor, and the second discharge is provided on the shell corresponding to the end of the conveying direction of the third belt conveyor At the starting end of the conveying direction of the second belt conveyor, there is a guide plate for guiding the soybeans falling from the lowermost first belt conveyor to the second belt conveyor. A gap is provided between the belt conveyors, and a fan for blowing the soybeans dropped from the bottom first belt conveyor to the direction of the third belt conveyor is provided at the gap position.
优选的，所述多个第一皮带输送机均沿水平方向设置。Preferably, the plurality of first belt conveyors are all arranged along the horizontal direction.
优选的，所述导向板的上缘朝向第三皮带输送机方向倾斜设置。Preferably, the upper edge of the guide plate is inclined towards the direction of the third belt conveyor.
优选的，所述固定刮板的下缘与位于最下方的第一皮带输送机的输送带之间的间隙为0.5-1.5cm。Preferably, the gap between the lower edge of the fixed scraper and the lowermost conveyor belt of the first belt conveyor is 0.5-1.5 cm.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明区别于现有技术，是利用黄豆的质量来进行筛选，可以避免因黄豆内部被破坏或者外部细小缺陷筛选错误，利用风压将不符合标准的黄豆吹起来，筛选出符合标准的黄豆，这些黄豆用来培育新种，可以提高种苗的品质，提高黄豆的产量，增加人民的收入，也可以用来制作食品，用这些黄豆制作的食品，可以提高食品的品质，保证食品的绿色健康化。The present invention is different from the prior art in that it utilizes the quality of soybeans for screening, which can avoid screening errors due to internal damage of soybeans or small external defects, and uses wind pressure to blow up soybeans that do not meet the standards to screen out soybeans that meet the standards. These soybeans are used to breed new species, which can improve the quality of seedlings, increase the yield of soybeans, increase people's income, and can also be used to make food. The food made with these soybeans can improve the quality of food and ensure the green and healthy food. change.
本发明内置干燥机构，可将水分含量较高的黄豆先进行烘烤干燥处理，便于后续筛分机构的风力筛选，同时烘干后的黄豆也便于储藏运输，在黄豆产区可衔接黄豆采摘后直接进行分选，省去了传统黄豆生产中的晾晒缓解，节省了人力物力，提高了生产效率。The invention has a built-in drying mechanism, which can roast and dry the soybeans with high moisture content first, which is convenient for the wind screening of the subsequent screening mechanism. At the same time, the dried soybeans are also convenient for storage and transportation, and can be connected to soybean harvesting in soybean production areas. Sorting directly eliminates the need for drying in traditional soybean production, saves manpower and material resources, and improves production efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图中标记：1、第二出料口，2、第三皮带输送机，3、导向板，4、固定刮板，5、风机，6、第二皮带输送机，7、第一出料口，8、进料口，9、第一皮带输送机，901、主动辊，902、输送带，903、电加热器，904、从动辊，10、沟槽，11、滚筒，12、壳体。Marks in the figure: 1. Second discharge port, 2. Third belt conveyor, 3. Guide plate, 4. Fixed scraper, 5. Fan, 6. Second belt conveyor, 7. First discharge port , 8, feeding port, 9, the first belt conveyor, 901, driving roller, 902, conveyor belt, 903, electric heater, 904, driven roller, 10, groove, 11, roller, 12, shell .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明的一种黄豆分选机，包括壳体12以及设置在壳体12中的干燥机构和筛分机构，黄豆进入壳体12后先经干燥，脱去一定水分，便于后续的筛选分级以及保存。As shown in Figure 1, a kind of soybean sorting machine of the present invention comprises housing 12 and the drying mechanism and the screening mechanism that are arranged in housing 12, after soybean enters housing 12, first through drying, slough certain moisture, It is convenient for subsequent screening, grading and storage.
干燥机构包括沿壳体12高度方向分布的多个第一皮带输送机9，第一皮带输送机9均包括输送带902、主动辊901、从动辊904以及设置在主动辊901和从动辊904之间并用于对输送带902上的黄豆进行加热干燥的电加热器903，黄豆在通过输送带902输送过程中由电加热器903对黄豆进行加热干燥。The drying mechanism includes a plurality of first belt conveyors 9 distributed along the height direction of the casing 12, and the first belt conveyors 9 each include a conveyor belt 902, a driving roller 901, a driven roller 904, and a belt conveyor arranged between the driving roller 901 and the driven roller. Between 904 and the electric heater 903 for heating and drying the soybeans on the conveyor belt 902 , the soybeans are heated and dried by the electric heater 903 during the transportation of the soybeans through the conveyor belt 902 .
由于刚收割获得的黄豆的水分比较高，一般在16.4%～18.2%之间，人们对于黄豆的干燥主要是人工晾晒处理，这种处理方法，所需的人们晾晒费用很高，黄豆结构以及外部被破坏的层度增高，杂质也比较多，晾晒的工人的劳动强度也很大。农作物黄豆一般称为农作物中的规章，黄豆不仅含有丰富的脂肪，还含有大量的蛋白质，根据国内外利用超速离心方法蛋白质的水溶液，当加热的温度超过70摄氏度时，蛋白质的水溶液会产生浑浊现象，当温度达到90摄氏度时，蛋白质的水溶液中会有沉淀物析出，这说明了黄豆的蛋白质具有一定的热变性。因为温度过高，黄豆的内部蛋白质分子运动剧烈，破坏了蛋白质分子的天然结构，致使黄豆的蛋白质溶解度以及其理化性质发生改变。Because the moisture content of freshly harvested soybeans is relatively high, generally between 16.4% and 18.2%, people mainly dry soybeans by artificial drying. The degree of destruction increases, and there are more impurities, and the labor intensity of the workers who dry is also very high. The crop soybean is generally called the regulation of crops. Soybean is not only rich in fat, but also contains a large amount of protein. According to the aqueous solution of protein by ultracentrifugation at home and abroad, when the heating temperature exceeds 70 degrees Celsius, the aqueous protein solution will become turbid. , when the temperature reaches 90 degrees Celsius, there will be precipitates in the protein aqueous solution, which shows that the soybean protein has a certain thermal denaturation. Because the temperature is too high, the internal protein molecules of soybeans move violently, destroying the natural structure of protein molecules, resulting in changes in the solubility of soybean proteins and their physical and chemical properties.
根据这一情况，可以将烘干黄豆所需的温度设定控制在50摄氏度到70摄氏度之间，故本发明在实施过程中，电加热器903中电阻丝所需的温度为50-70，所需要的加热烘干理论时间是283s，由于在加热烘干的过程中黄豆是在输送带902上被加热烘干，在此过程中，黄豆是随着输送带902的输送而运动，并且黄豆由上层的第一皮带输送机9输送到下层相邻的第一皮带输送机9时未被加热，所以有一定的误差，故理论计算所得的加热烘干时间小于实际的设定时间，所以对黄豆设置的加热烘干时间设置为300s合理。由于本发明在实施过程中占地面积有限，为了保障使用的稳定性，本发明采用多层第一皮带输送机9实现了在有限空间内增加黄豆干燥的输送长度。According to this situation, the temperature setting required for drying soybeans can be controlled between 50 degrees Celsius and 70 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in the implementation process of the present invention, the temperature required for the resistance wire in the electric heater 903 is 50-70 degrees Celsius. The required theoretical time for heating and drying is 283s. Since the soybeans are heated and dried on the conveyor belt 902 during the heating and drying process, during this process, the soybeans move along with the conveyance of the conveyor belt 902, and the soybeans When transported from the first belt conveyor 9 on the upper floor to the adjacent first belt conveyor 9 on the lower floor, it is not heated, so there is a certain error, so the theoretically calculated heating and drying time is less than the actual set time, so the It is reasonable to set the heating and drying time of the soybean setting to 300s. Because the present invention covers a limited area during implementation, in order to ensure the stability of use, the present invention adopts the multi-layer first belt conveyor 9 to increase the conveying length of soybean drying in a limited space.
多个第一皮带输送机9均沿水平方向设置，使输送的黄豆平稳匀称，避免堆积导致的受热不均，水分去除不充分。A plurality of first belt conveyors 9 are all arranged along the horizontal direction, so that the soybeans to be transported are stable and even, avoiding uneven heating and insufficient water removal caused by accumulation.
任意相邻两个第一皮带输送机9的输送方向均相反设置，在壳体12上对应最上方的第一皮带输送机9的输送方向起始端位置设有进料口8，在位于最下方的第一皮带输送机9的输送方向末端设有固定刮板4，固定刮板4的下缘与位于最下方的第一皮带输送机9的输送带902之间的间隙为0.5-1.5cm，该间隙只允许1-3层黄豆呈较为分散的状态通过，利于后续风选。The conveying directions of any two adjacent first belt conveyors 9 are set oppositely, and a feeding port 8 is provided at the starting end position of the conveying direction corresponding to the uppermost first belt conveyor 9 on the housing 12, and a feeding port 8 is arranged at the bottommost one. The conveying direction end of the first belt conveyor 9 is provided with a fixed scraper 4, and the gap between the lower edge of the fixed scraper 4 and the conveyor belt 902 of the first belt conveyor 9 located at the bottom is 0.5-1.5cm, The gap only allows 1-3 layers of soybeans to pass through in a dispersed state, which is beneficial to subsequent winnowing.
在任意相邻两个皮带输送机之间均设有用于将位于上方第一皮带输送机9输送方向末端的黄豆导向相邻的下方第一皮带输送机9输送方向起始端的导料装置，避免了黄豆直接下落因弹力被弹起，无规则堆积，从而使烘烤不完全，品质下降。导料装置包括滚筒11以及用于驱动滚筒11转动的电机，在滚筒11的周面上沿滚筒11的周向间隔设有多条沿滚筒11轴向分布的沟槽10，通过电机低速转动将黄豆均匀导向下层的第一皮带输送机9上。Between any adjacent two belt conveyors, a material guide device for guiding the soybeans at the end of the first belt conveyor 9 in the direction of delivery to the adjacent lower first belt conveyor 9 in the direction of delivery is provided to avoid The soybeans fall directly and are bounced up due to the elasticity, and pile up irregularly, so that the roasting is not complete and the quality is reduced. The guide device includes a drum 11 and a motor for driving the drum 11 to rotate. On the peripheral surface of the drum 11, a plurality of grooves 10 distributed along the axial direction of the drum 11 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drum 11. The motor rotates at a low speed to On the first belt conveyor 9 of soya bean guide lower floor evenly.
筛分机构包括设置在干燥机构下方的第二皮带输送机6和第三皮带输送机2，第二皮带输送机6和第三皮带输送机2的输送方向起始端均对应位于最下方的第一皮带输送机9的输送方向末端设置，在壳体12上对应第二皮带输送机6输送方向末端的位置设有第一出料口7，在壳体12上对应第三皮带输送机2输送方向末端的位置设有第二出料口1。在第二皮带输送机6输送方向起始端设有用于将经最下方的第一皮带输送机9落下的黄豆导向第二皮带输送机6的导向板3，导向板3的上缘朝向第三皮带输送机2方向倾斜设置，通过导向板3可将质量达标，重量较重的黄豆导向第二皮带输送机6，从第一出料口7送出。导向板3的上缘与位于最下方的第一皮带输送机9之间设有间隙，在间隙位置设有用于将位于最下方的第一皮带输送机9落下的黄豆吹向第三皮带输送机2方向的风机5，通过风机5风力将重量不达标的黄豆吹响第三皮带输送机2，并最后通过第二出料口1送出。The screening mechanism includes a second belt conveyor 6 and a third belt conveyor 2 arranged below the drying mechanism. The end of the conveying direction of the belt conveyor 9 is arranged, and the first discharge port 7 is arranged on the position corresponding to the end of the conveying direction of the second belt conveyor 6 on the housing 12, corresponding to the conveying direction of the third belt conveyor 2 on the housing 12 The position at the end is provided with a second discharge port 1 . At the starting end of the second belt conveyor 6 conveying directions, be provided with a guide plate 3 for guiding the soybeans falling through the bottom first belt conveyor 9 to the second belt conveyor 6, and the upper edge of the guide plate 3 is towards the third belt. Conveyor 2 direction obliquely arranges, can reach the standard by guide plate 3, and the heavier soybean is guided to the second belt conveyor 6, and is sent out from the first discharge port 7. A gap is provided between the upper edge of the guide plate 3 and the first belt conveyor 9 positioned at the bottom, and the soybeans dropped by the first belt conveyor 9 positioned at the bottom are arranged at the gap position to blow to the 3rd belt conveyor. The fan 5 in the direction of 2 blows the soybeans whose weight does not meet the standard through the wind force of the fan 5 to the third belt conveyor 2, and finally sends them out through the second discharge port 1.
Claims (4)
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Application publication date: 20180615 |