CN108153132A - A kind of optical scanner holography self-focusing method based on mean value gradient function - Google Patents
A kind of optical scanner holography self-focusing method based on mean value gradient function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108153132A CN108153132A CN201711468134.6A CN201711468134A CN108153132A CN 108153132 A CN108153132 A CN 108153132A CN 201711468134 A CN201711468134 A CN 201711468134A CN 108153132 A CN108153132 A CN 108153132A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000005589 Calophyllum inophyllum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
- G03H1/0406—Image plane or focused image holograms, i.e. an image of the object or holobject is formed on, in or across the recording plane
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0866—Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of mean value gradient function to realize the self-focusing problem of hologram image, belongs to optical scanner holography and self-focusing field, mainly solves the problems, such as the self-focusing of hologram image.The present invention realizes self-focusing by calculating the mean value gradient function value of reconstruction image, and the present invention can effectively solve the problems, such as the self-focusing of hologram image；The self-focusing of other types of image can be solved the problems, such as with hourly value gradient function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical scanner holography field and self-focusing field, it particularly relates to which a kind of be based on mean value gradient
The optical scanner holography self-focusing method of function.
Background technology
Optical scanner holographic technique, is an important branch in Digital Holography, which is utilized optical heterodyne
Technology and scanning holographic technique, greatly improve the resolution ratio of scanning hologram image, 1979, Poon and Korpel were carried for the first time
Go out this concept.Up to the present, which, which has had, is widely applied, imaged holograph image encryption, scans holographic microscope,
The fields such as image identification.
In the field of holographic technique, the reconstruction of hologram is always a research hotspot, and for holographic reconstruction technology
For, it obtains the axial of object and rebuilds apart from again most important.Therefore in recent years, people have done many relevant in this link
Work.
Document《Blind sectional image reconstruction for optical scanning
holography》It proposes to carry out edge detection to blind reconstruction image in one text, hologram image is then realized by number of edges
Self-focusing.Number of edges detection is easily influenced, and the focal position precision detected is not high by threshold value setting.
Document《Autofocusing of optical scanning holography based on entropy
minimization》It proposes to realize the self-focusing of hologram image based on minimum entropy, but when target axial direction in hologram in one text
When distance is spaced closely together, minimum entropy is no longer applicable in, and cannot solve the problems, such as the self-focusing of overlapped objects.
Document《Enhanced Autofocusing in Optical Scanning Holography Based on
Hologram Decomposition》It proposes to decompose based on hologram in one text and minimum entropy is spaced closely together to solve axial distance
The problem of.But operating process is excessively cumbersome, calculates complexity, and cannot solve the problems, such as the self-focusing of overlapped objects.
The present invention is based on problem above, it is proposed that a kind of optical scanner holography self-focusing side based on mean value gradient function
Method, and can solve the problems, such as the self-focusing of overlapped objects in hologram image.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention proposes a kind of focusing index, using NAG (mean value gradient function) to the details and texture of image
The sensitive natur of changing features solves the problems, such as the self-focusing of hologram image well, compared to the method mentioned in background technology,
NAG calculates simple, accuracy height, and can solve the problems, such as the self-focusing of overlapped objects.
The used to solve above-mentioned technical problem technical method of the present invention is：
A kind of optical scanner holography self-focusing method based on mean value gradient function, includes the following steps：
Step 1：The light that lasing light emitter is sent out is divided into two beams by the first polarization beam apparatus, and light beam passes through the first pupil function
Spherical wave is formed, the second beam light forms plane wave by the second pupil function, and two-beam is after the second polarization beam apparatus optically focused
Interference forms Fresnel single-slit diffraction, and Fresnel single-slit diffraction is reflected using scanning galvanometer, and object is scanned, photoelectric converter
The light through object is received, the hologram image of object is obtained by modulation /demodulation；
Wherein the first pupil function is 1 function of rectangle, and the second pupil function is Dirac delta function device；
Step 2：To reconstruction scope [l1, l2] carry out n deciles, wherein l1, l2The upper bound for representing to rebuild distance respectively is under
Boundary, n are positive integer, after the hologram image that step 1 is obtained carries out Fourier transformation, the spatial domain representation with point spread function
Fourier transformation conjugate multiplication, obtain corresponding reconstruction image by inverse Fourier transform；
Step 3：The NAG values of each reconstruction image are calculated respectively, and the reconstruction distance z corresponding to the maximum value of NAG values is
Finally obtain the focal position of object.
Further, the detailed process that step 2 unique step is rebuild is as follows：
Step 2-1：By reconstruction scope [l1, l2] n deciles are carried out, rebuilding step delta τ is
Wherein, l1, l2The upper bound and the lower bound of reconstruction distance are represented respectively；
Step 2-2：After the hologram image H (x, y) that step 1 is obtained carries out Fourier transformation, respectively with corresponding reconstruction away from
Spatial domain representation h (x, y from point spread function；zp) Fourier transformation conjugate multiplication, by inverse Fourier transform, i.e.,
It can obtain corresponding reconstruction image
I (x, y；zp)=f-1{ f { H (x, y) } × f*{ h (x, y；zp)}} (2)
Wherein, zp=l1+ Δ τ × (p-1), p=1,2..., n, zpRepresent p-th of reconstruction distance, * represents conjugation, f and f-1
Fourier transformation and inverse Fourier transform are represented respectively, and λ represents optical maser wavelength, x and y representation space coordinates.
The detailed process that step 3 calculates NAG values is as follows：
3-1. utilizes reconstruction image I (x, the y that step 2 obtains；zp), p=1,2,3...n, each reconstruction is calculated respectively
The NAG values of image
Wherein, picture size is M × N, 1≤r≤M, 1≤c≤N, fx(r, c) is I (x, y；zp) single order in the x direction
Partial derivative, fy(r, c) is I (x, y；zp) first-order partial derivative in y-direction；
In 3-2. steps 3-1 in obtained n NAG values, the reconstruction distance z corresponding to NAG maximum values is finally obtains
The focal position of object.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) the present invention provides a kind of image quality evaluation functions, and this evaluation function is to details and the texture spy of image
Sign is more sensitive, is adapted to the clarity of evaluation image, image is more clear, and NAG values are bigger.
(2) mean value gradient function proposed by the present invention for minimum entropy, can solve the self-focusing of overlapped objects
Problem, and have higher axial resolution.
(3) present invention can not only handle the hologram image self-focusing of single target, and can solve complicated hologram
Self-focusing problem.
(4) not only realization method is simple but also effect during processing exact image problem is very good, practicability by the present invention
By force, it is suitble to promote.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is method flow schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the basic block diagram used in the embodiment of the present invention；
(a) is first layer slice to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention one in Fig. 3, and (b) is to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention one
The second layer slice；
Fig. 4 is the hologram obtained in the embodiment of the present invention one by object to be measured；
Fig. 5 is the self-focusing of the embodiment of the present invention one；
(a) is that the image after the reconstruction of first layer slice, (b) are the embodiment of the present invention one in the embodiment of the present invention one in Fig. 6
Image after middle second layer slice reconstruction；
(a) is first layer slice to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention two in Fig. 7, and (b) is to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention two
The second layer slice；
Fig. 8 is the hologram obtained in the embodiment of the present invention two by object to be measured；
Fig. 9 is the self-focusing of the embodiment of the present invention two；
(a) is that the image after the reconstruction of first layer slice, (b) are the embodiment of the present invention two in the embodiment of the present invention two in Figure 10
Image after middle second layer slice reconstruction.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, under embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to
Row embodiment.
Embodiment one：
Flow of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, used basic structure as shown in Fig. 2, wherein He-Ne lasers
Wavelength X=632.8nm of Laser, the focal length of two convex lenses (L1, L2) is all 400mm, and the object under test of embodiment one is as schemed
Shown in 3, the cross section matrix size for being sliced object is 300 × 300.The reconstruction scope of embodiment one be [7mm, 9mm], n=400
The self-focusing of hologram image can be realized in accordance with the following steps：
Step 1：Obtain hologram image
As shown in Fig. 2, the angular frequency that He-Ne laser light sources are sent out is ω0Light be divided by the first polarization beam apparatus BS1
Two beams, wherein the first light beam forms spherical wave by the first pupil function；Second light beam generates the frequency of Ω by acousto-optic modulator
Plane wave is formed by the second pupil function again after shifting；Two-beam is after the second polarization beam apparatus BS2 polymerizations before object under test
Interference forms Fresnel single-slit diffraction, and Fresnel single-slit diffraction is reflected using scanning galvanometer, and the object in Fig. 3 is scanned, by
Photoelectric converter receives the light through object, by modulation /demodulation, finally obtains hologram image shown in Fig. 4.Wherein the first light
Pupil function is 1 function of rectangle, and the second pupil function is Dirac delta function device.
Step 2：Unique step is rebuild
Reconstruction scope is [7mm, 9mm] in this example, and n=400 is rebuild as follows
I (x, y；zp)=f-1{ f { H (x, y) } × f*{ h (x, y；zp)}} (5)
Wherein, zp=l1+ Δ τ × (p-1) p=1,2..., n, reconstruction scope and n are substituted into formula can obtain zp=7+
0.0050 × (p-1) p=1,2 ..., 400, zpRepresenting p-th of reconstruction distance, the unit of z is millimeter, and * represents to be conjugated, h (x,
y；zp) be point spread function spatial domain representation, f and f-1Fourier transformation and inverse Fourier transform, H (x, y) are represented respectively
For the hologram image of acquisition, λ represents optical maser wavelength, x and y representation space coordinates.
Step 3：Calculate the NAG values of reconstruction image
Reconstruction image I (x, y are calculated successively；zp), p=1,2,3 ..., 400 NAG values, after NAG normalizeds,
It draws and rebuilds distance z and the image of NAG values, finally obtain the focal position of object.
(a) is that the image after the reconstruction of first layer slice, (b) are the embodiment of the present invention one in the embodiment of the present invention one in Fig. 6
Image after middle second layer slice reconstruction；Mean value gradient function can accurately realize the self-focusing of hologram image, after reconstruction
Image definition is high, Well-recovered.
Embodiment two
Wavelength X=632.8nm of He-Ne lasers Laser in embodiment two, the focal length of two convex lenses (L1, L2)
All it is 400mm, the object under test of embodiment two is as shown in fig. 7, the cross section matrix size of slice object is 300 × 300.Implement
The reconstruction scope of example two is [7mm, 9mm1, n=400；
Fig. 8 is the hologram obtained in embodiment two by object to be measured；Fig. 9 is the self-focusing of the embodiment of the present invention two
Journey；(a) is the image after the reconstruction of first layer slice in embodiment two in Figure 10, and (b) is that second layer slice is rebuild in embodiment two
Image afterwards.Mean value gradient function can equally realize accurately self-focusing to overlapped objects in hologram, the figure after reconstruction
As equally having fine definition.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. optical scanner holography self-focusing method based on mean value gradient function, which is characterized in that include the following steps：Step 1：The light that lasing light emitter is sent out is divided into two beams by the first polarization beam apparatus, and light beam is formed by the first pupil function Spherical wave, the second beam light form plane wave by the second pupil function, and two-beam is interfered after the second polarization beam apparatus optically focused Fresnel single-slit diffraction is formed, Fresnel single-slit diffraction reflects using scanning galvanometer, object is scanned, and photoelectric converter receives Through the light of object, the hologram image of object is obtained by modulation /demodulation；Step 2：To reconstruction scope [l1,l2] carry out n deciles, wherein l1,l2The upper bound and lower bound, n for representing reconstruction distance respectively are Positive integer, after the hologram image that step 1 is obtained carries out Fourier transformation, and in Fu of the spatial domain representation of point spread function The conjugate multiplication of leaf transformation obtains corresponding reconstruction image by inverse Fourier transform；Step 3：The NAG values of each reconstruction image are calculated respectively, and the reconstruction distance z corresponding to the maximum value of NAG values is last Obtain the focal position of object.
- 2. the optical scanner holography self-focusing method according to claim 1 based on mean value gradient function, which is characterized in that The detailed process that step 2 unique step is rebuild is as follows：Step 2-1：By reconstruction scope [l1,l2] n deciles are carried out, rebuilding step delta τ isWherein, l1,l2The upper bound and the lower bound of reconstruction distance are represented respectively；Step 2-2：After the hologram image H (x, y) that step 1 is obtained carries out Fourier transformation, range points are rebuild with corresponding respectively Spatial domain representation h (x, the y of spread function；zp) Fourier transformation conjugate multiplication, by inverse Fourier transform, you can To corresponding reconstruction imageI(x,y；zp)=f-1{f{H(x,y)}×f*{h(x,y；zp)}} (2)Wherein, zp=l1+ Δ τ × (p-1), p=1,2..., n, zpRepresent p-th of reconstruction distance, * represents conjugation, f and f-1Respectively Represent Fourier transformation and inverse Fourier transform, λ represents optical maser wavelength, x and y representation space coordinates.
- 3. the optical scanner holography self-focusing method according to claim 1 based on mean value gradient function, which is characterized in that The detailed process for calculating NAG values is as follows：3-1. utilizes reconstruction image I (x, the y that step 2 obtains；zp), p=1,2,3...n, each reconstruction image is calculated respectively NAG valuesWherein, picture size is M × N, 1≤r≤M, 1≤c≤N, fx(r, c) is I (x, y；zp) single order local derviation in the x direction Number, fy(r, c) is I (x, y；zp) first-order partial derivative in y-direction；In 3-2. steps 3-1 in obtained n NAG values, the reconstruction distance z corresponding to NAG maximum values is finally obtains object Focal position.
- 4. the optical scanner holography self-focusing method according to claim 1 based on mean value gradient function, which is characterized in that First pupil function is 1 function of rectangle, and the second pupil function is Dirac delta function.
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