CN108150190B - Unevenly-pressured shallow tunnel rock crusher section excavates safeguard structure and construction method - Google Patents
Unevenly-pressured shallow tunnel rock crusher section excavates safeguard structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构及施工方法，属隧道工程领域。浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构包括抗滑桩、注浆加固连梁、斜梁和微型桩；抗滑桩沿隧道开挖轮廓两侧沿布线方向等间距布置；注浆加固连梁依次穿过浅埋侧抗滑桩和山体，两端分别与隧道两侧的抗滑桩相连；斜梁沿坡面设置，两端分别与深埋侧和浅埋侧抗滑桩桩顶相连；在抗滑桩和注浆加固连梁围成的区域内开挖隧道，施作微型桩加固隧底，施作衬砌。本发明在隧道开挖前形成防护结构，能够显著提高隧道侧面山坡的稳定性，平衡偏压力，有效预防浅埋偏压隧道在开挖过程中的滑移和拱顶塌落。
The invention relates to an excavation protection structure and a construction method of a surrounding rock fragmentation section of a shallow-buried bias-pressure tunnel, which belong to the field of tunnel engineering. The excavation protection structure of the surrounding rock broken section of the shallow-buried unbalanced tunnel includes anti-slide piles, grouting reinforced connecting beams, inclined beams and micro-piles; the anti-slide piles are arranged at equal intervals along the two sides of the tunnel excavation The connecting beam passes through the shallow-buried side anti-slide piles and the mountain in turn, and the two ends are respectively connected with the anti-slide piles on both sides of the tunnel; Connected; tunnels are excavated in the area surrounded by anti-slide piles and grouting reinforced coupling beams, and micro piles are used to reinforce the tunnel bottom and lining is applied. The invention forms a protective structure before excavation of the tunnel, can significantly improve the stability of the hillside on the side of the tunnel, balance the bias force, and effectively prevent slippage and vault collapse of the shallow buried bias tunnel during the excavation process.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构，属于隧道工程技术领域。The invention relates to an excavation protection structure for the surrounding rock fragmentation section of a shallow-buried bias-pressure tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国经济建设的高速发展，交通基础设施投入不断加大，特别是高速公路、高速铁路进入山区后，隧道工程大量修建。这些隧道大部分沿河、傍山布线，沿线往往存在围岩破碎、地形偏压等不利工况，甚至存在滑坡的可能。偏压会造成隧道的不平衡受力，轻则致使隧道拱圈变形，重则破坏隧道结构；尤其是岩体破碎、风化严重的浅埋段，成拱能力差，上覆围岩受开挖扰动后极易造成滑坡、坍塌等地质灾害的发生，从而导致隧道开挖掘进困难，影响隧道正常施工和运营，威胁人民生命财产安全。如何利用较为有效的防护结构确保隧道施工运营安全，是浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段施工经常面临的问题。With the rapid development of my country's economic construction, the investment in transportation infrastructure continues to increase, especially after highways and high-speed railways enter mountainous areas, a large number of tunnel projects are built. Most of these tunnels are routed along rivers and mountains, and there are often unfavorable working conditions such as broken surrounding rock and terrain bias along the route, and even the possibility of landslides. Bias pressure will cause unbalanced stress on the tunnel, which may cause deformation of the tunnel arch ring in the slightest, and damage the tunnel structure in severe cases; especially in the shallow buried section with broken rock mass and severe weathering, the arching ability is poor, and the overlying surrounding rock is subject to excavation. After the disturbance, it is very easy to cause geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, which will make tunnel excavation difficult, affect the normal construction and operation of the tunnel, and threaten the safety of people's lives and property. How to use a more effective protective structure to ensure the safety of tunnel construction and operation is a problem that is often faced in the construction of the surrounding rock fragmentation section of shallow-buried unbiased tunnels.
现有的浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段施工中的防护措施主要有：增加衬砌厚度、增设锚杆与管棚、加大钢拱架刚度来减小开挖过程中衬砌的变形和洞体的滑移；在浅埋侧增设重力式挡墙或者在浅埋侧回填反压土，通过重力式挡墙或反压土体平衡部分偏压力。这些方法虽然工艺简单，但对于破碎松散岩土体的支护强度偏低，未涉及对隧道周边岩土体的补强加固，没有从根本上加固不稳定山体，只是增加了隧道结构本身的刚度或局部加固了山体来抵抗偏压力，难以满足偏压、围岩破碎等极不利工况下的浅埋隧道施工运营要求。因此，急需一种既能加固补强隧道周边围岩体，又能减小或消除隧道偏压力的新型防护结构，以确保隧道安全、高效掘进。The existing protective measures in the construction of the surrounding rock crushing section of the shallow buried partial pressure tunnel mainly include: increasing the thickness of the lining, adding anchor rods and pipe sheds, and increasing the rigidity of the steel arch frame to reduce the deformation of the lining and the deformation of the tunnel body during the excavation process. Add a gravity retaining wall on the shallow buried side or backfill back-pressure soil on the shallow buried side, and balance part of the bias force through the gravity retaining wall or back-pressure soil. Although these methods are simple in process, the support strength for the broken loose rock and soil mass is relatively low, and it does not involve reinforcement and reinforcement of the rock and soil mass around the tunnel, and does not fundamentally strengthen the unstable mountain mass, but only increases the stiffness of the tunnel structure itself. Or the mountain is partially reinforced to resist the bias force, which is difficult to meet the construction and operation requirements of shallow buried tunnels under extremely unfavorable conditions such as bias pressure and surrounding rock fragmentation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new protective structure that can not only strengthen the surrounding rock mass around the tunnel, but also reduce or eliminate the bias force of the tunnel, so as to ensure safe and efficient tunneling.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构及施工方法。The object of the present invention is to provide an excavation protection structure and construction method for the surrounding rock fragmentation section of a shallow-buried bias-pressure tunnel.
本发明是浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构及施工方法，浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构，包括抗滑桩3、注浆加固连梁4、斜梁9和微型桩12；抗滑桩3由内壁设置注浆嘴8的矩形钢管6内插入工字钢5并浇筑混凝土构成，其沿隧道2开挖轮廓两侧沿布线方向等间距布置；注浆加固连梁4是圆形钢管7内浇筑混凝土形成的加固体，其依次穿过浅埋侧抗滑桩3和山体1，最终伸入深埋侧抗滑桩3内；斜梁9为现浇混凝土结构，沿坡面设置，两端分别与深埋侧和浅埋侧抗滑桩3桩顶相连；在抗滑桩3和注浆加固连梁4围成的区域内开挖隧道2，施作微型桩12加固隧底，施作衬砌。The present invention relates to an excavation protection structure and a construction method for the surrounding rock fragmentation section of a shallow-buried bias-pressure tunnel. and micro-pile 12; anti-slide pile 3 is formed by inserting I-beam 5 into rectangular steel pipe 6 with grouting nozzle 8 on the inner wall and pouring concrete, which are arranged at equal intervals along the wiring direction on both sides of the excavation contour of tunnel 2; grouting reinforcement The connecting beam 4 is a reinforced body formed by pouring concrete in the circular steel pipe 7, which passes through the shallow-buried side anti-slide pile 3 and the mountain body 1 in turn, and finally extends into the deep-buried side anti-slide pile 3; the inclined beam 9 is cast-in-place concrete The structure is arranged along the slope, and the two ends are respectively connected to the pile tops of the anti-slide piles 3 on the deep buried side and the shallow buried side; the tunnel 2 is excavated in the area surrounded by the anti-sliding piles 3 and the grouting reinforced connecting beams 4, and the construction Micropiles 12 reinforce the tunnel bottom and serve as lining.
浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构的施工方法，其施工步骤为：The construction method for the excavation protection structure of the surrounding rock broken section of the shallow-buried partial pressure tunnel, and its construction steps are as follows:
（1）预制构件：在工厂预制矩形钢管6、圆形钢管7、圆形盖板11和封堵板13；矩形钢管6内壁通长焊接有梅花型布置的注浆嘴8，在矩形钢管6短边两侧壁开设圆孔；圆形钢管7内壁通长焊接有梅花型布置的注浆嘴8；圆形盖板11的直径等于圆形钢管7的直径，其中心焊接注浆嘴8；封堵板13是圆形钢板；(1) Prefabricated components: prefabricated rectangular steel pipe 6, circular steel pipe 7, circular cover plate 11 and sealing plate 13 in the factory; Round holes are provided on the short side and both sides of the wall; the inner wall of the circular steel pipe 7 is welded with a grouting nozzle 8 arranged in a plum blossom pattern; the diameter of the circular cover plate 11 is equal to the diameter of the circular steel pipe 7, and the grouting nozzle 8 is welded in the center; The blocking plate 13 is a circular steel plate;
（2）桩侧浆固层10施工：在隧道2开挖轮廓两侧沿布线方向开挖矩形桩孔，边开挖边插入矩形钢管6，直至桩底伸入滑移面以下的稳定岩层中，通过设置在矩形钢管6内壁上的注浆嘴8向矩形钢管6外侧压力注浆，在矩形钢管6外侧形成浆固层10；(2) Construction of the pile side slurry layer 10: Excavate rectangular pile holes along the routing direction on both sides of the excavation contour of the tunnel 2, and insert rectangular steel pipes 6 while excavating until the bottom of the pile extends into the stable rock formation below the slip surface , pressure grouting to the outside of the rectangular steel pipe 6 through the grouting nozzle 8 arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular steel pipe 6, forming a slurry-solid layer 10 outside the rectangular steel pipe 6;
（3）施工平台开挖：在浅埋侧抗滑桩3外侧开挖岩土体，在桩外侧形成一个施工平台，施工平台的标高低于浅埋侧抗滑桩3桩顶标高4~5m；(3) Excavation of the construction platform: Excavate the rock and soil outside the shallow-buried side anti-slide pile 3, and form a construction platform outside the pile. ;
（4）注浆加固连梁4施工：沿浅埋侧矩形钢管6上预留圆孔向山体1内部开挖水平桩孔，边开挖边插入圆形钢管7，圆形钢管7依次穿过浅埋侧矩形钢管6、山体1，并伸入同断面内深埋侧矩形钢管6内，保证圆形钢管7两端分别插入矩形钢管6内0.5~1.0m；通过设置在圆形钢管7内壁的注浆嘴8向圆形钢管7外侧压力注浆形成浆固层10，在圆形钢管7两端焊接圆形盖板11，通过设置在圆形盖板11上的注浆嘴8向钢管内注入混凝土形成注浆加固连梁4；(4) Construction of grouting reinforced coupling beam 4: Excavate horizontal pile holes to the interior of the mountain 1 along the round hole reserved on the rectangular steel pipe 6 on the shallow buried side, insert circular steel pipe 7 while excavating, and pass through circular steel pipe 7 in turn The rectangular steel pipe 6 on the shallow buried side and the mountain body 1 extend into the rectangular steel pipe 6 on the deeply buried side in the same section to ensure that the two ends of the circular steel pipe 7 are respectively inserted into the rectangular steel pipe 6 by 0.5~1.0m; The grouting nozzle 8 is pressure grouted to the outside of the circular steel pipe 7 to form a slurry solid layer 10, and the circular cover plate 11 is welded at both ends of the circular steel pipe 7, and the grouting nozzle 8 arranged on the circular cover plate 11 is injected into the steel pipe. Injecting concrete to form grouting reinforced connecting beam 4;
（5）抗滑桩3浇筑：用封堵板13焊接在浅埋侧矩形钢管6外侧的圆孔处封堵矩形钢管6，矩形钢管6内插入工字钢5，工字钢5翼缘距离矩形钢管6远离隧道2一侧20~30cm，腹板与隧道2走向垂直且与矩形钢管6中心线重合；然后在矩形钢管6内浇筑混凝土形成抗滑桩3，桩顶标高高出地面；(5) Pouring of anti-sliding pile 3: use sealing plate 13 to weld the rectangular steel pipe 6 at the round hole outside the shallow buried rectangular steel pipe 6, insert the I-beam 5 into the rectangular steel pipe 6, and the distance between the flanges of the I-beam 5 The rectangular steel pipe 6 is 20 to 30 cm away from the side of the tunnel 2, and the web is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel 2 and coincides with the center line of the rectangular steel pipe 6; then, concrete is poured in the rectangular steel pipe 6 to form an anti-slide pile 3, and the pile top elevation is higher than the ground;
（6）斜梁9施作：将坡面整平，沿坡面支模并绑扎钢筋，浇筑混凝土形成斜梁9；(6) Construction of inclined beam 9: leveling the slope surface, setting up formwork along the slope surface and binding steel bars, and pouring concrete to form inclined beam 9;
（7）隧道开挖施工：待所有断面的抗滑桩3和注浆加固连梁4施作完成并满足设计强度要求后，在抗滑桩3和注浆加固连梁4形成的封闭区域内开挖隧道2；(7) Tunnel excavation construction: After the construction of anti-slide piles 3 and grouting reinforced connecting beams 4 of all sections is completed and meets the design strength requirements, in the closed area formed by anti-sliding piles 3 and grouting reinforced connecting beams 4 Excavate Tunnel 2;
（8）微型桩12及衬砌施工：边开挖隧道边采用高压旋喷法在隧道施工形成微型桩12，完成该断面浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构的施工后，施作衬砌；(8) Micro-pile 12 and lining construction: While excavating the tunnel, the high-pressure rotary spraying method is used to construct the micro-pile 12 in the tunnel construction. lining;
（9）按照步骤（2）~步骤（8）施工下一断面的浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构。(9) Follow steps (2) to (8) to construct the excavation protection structure for the surrounding rock fragmentation section of the shallow-buried unbiased tunnel at the next section.
本发明的有益效果：（1）隧道洞身两侧设置抗滑桩，抗滑桩嵌固在稳定地层中，平衡了地形造成的偏压力，提高了山体侧面边坡的稳定性；（2）通过注浆嘴压力注浆，在抗滑桩桩周形成浆固层，即起到了与抗滑桩共同抗滑的作用，也改善了周围破碎岩体的物理力学性质，有效增强了支护结构周边破碎岩土体的整体性，减小了支护结构承受的侧压力；（3）注浆加固连梁和斜梁，增加了隧道两侧抗滑桩的整体性，有助于增强拱顶破碎围岩的稳定性，可防止开挖时发生拱顶塌落；（4）矩形钢管和圆形钢管在桩孔开挖过程中护壁作用，在浇筑混凝土阶段又有模板作用，矩形钢管内插入工字钢和圆形钢管协同作用组成了整个防护结构的骨架；（5）在隧底设置微型桩，提高了隧道地基的承载能力。The beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) anti-slide piles are arranged on both sides of the tunnel body, and the anti-slide piles are embedded in the stable ground, which balances the bias force caused by the terrain and improves the stability of the side slope of the mountain; (2) Through the pressure grouting of the grouting nozzle, a slurry solid layer is formed around the anti-slide pile, which not only plays a role in anti-sliding with the anti-slide pile, but also improves the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding broken rock mass, and effectively strengthens the support structure. The integrity of the surrounding broken rock and soil reduces the lateral pressure on the support structure; (3) grouting strengthens the connecting beams and inclined beams, which increases the integrity of the anti-slide piles on both sides of the tunnel and helps to strengthen the vault The stability of the broken surrounding rock can prevent the vault from collapsing during excavation; (4) Rectangular steel pipes and circular steel pipes play the role of retaining walls during the excavation of pile holes, and also act as templates in the stage of pouring concrete. The synergistic effect of I-beams and circular steel pipes constitutes the skeleton of the entire protective structure; (5) Micro piles are set at the bottom of the tunnel to improve the bearing capacity of the tunnel foundation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为图2中防护结构的A-A向剖面图；图2为防护结构的立面图；图3为矩形钢管与工字钢相对位置示意图；图4为圆形钢管示意图。附图标记及对应名称为：山体1、隧道2、抗滑桩3、注浆加固连梁4、工字钢5、矩形钢管6、圆形钢管7、注浆嘴8、斜梁9、浆固层10、圆形盖板11、微型桩12、封堵板13。Figure 1 is an A-A sectional view of the protective structure in Figure 2; Figure 2 is an elevation view of the protective structure; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of a rectangular steel pipe and an I-beam; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a circular steel pipe. Reference signs and corresponding names are: mountain body 1, tunnel 2, anti-sliding pile 3, grouting reinforced connecting beam 4, I-beam 5, rectangular steel pipe 6, round steel pipe 7, grouting nozzle 8, inclined beam 9, grouting Solid layer 10, circular cover plate 11, micro pile 12, sealing plate 13.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图几具体实例对本发明进一步说明，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非仅限于本实例。在阅读本发明后凡在本发明原理内所做的等同替换、修改都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with several specific examples in the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are only used to explain the present invention, and are not limited to this example. After reading the present invention, all equivalent replacements and modifications made within the principle of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明的工作原理是：（1）抗滑原理：抗滑桩和浆固层起到了抵抗边坡下滑力和加固周边岩土体的作用；注浆加固连梁和斜梁实现了深埋侧抗滑桩的力传递到浅埋侧抗滑桩，并加固了隧道开挖轮廓顶部的岩土体；微型桩加固了隧底的破碎岩土体，提高了地基承载力；各构件共同作用，形成较为稳定的隧道开挖区域，保证隧道施工的安全。（2）初始衬砌原理：通过注浆嘴向抗滑桩和注浆加固连梁周围注浆，在隧道开挖轮廓周围形成了浆固层，起到了初始衬砌的作用，提高了破碎围岩的稳定性。（3）破碎岩土体的注浆加固原理：通过矩形钢管内壁的注浆嘴和圆形钢管内的注浆嘴向山体内压力注浆，在抗滑桩和注浆加固连梁周围形成浆固层，有效增强了隧道设计断面周边破碎岩土体的整体性，显著提升隧道开挖断面的稳定性和安全性。（4）护壁原理：开挖抗滑桩桩孔时，边开挖边插入矩形钢管，起到了护壁作用，有效防止了松散岩块掉落。The working principle of the present invention is: (1) anti-sliding principle: the anti-sliding pile and the grout-solid layer play the role of resisting the sliding force of the slope and strengthening the surrounding rock and soil; The force of the anti-slide piles is transmitted to the shallow-buried side anti-slide piles, and the rock-soil mass at the top of the tunnel excavation profile is reinforced; the micro-pile reinforces the broken rock-soil mass at the bottom of the tunnel, and the bearing capacity of the foundation is improved; the components work together, A relatively stable tunnel excavation area is formed to ensure the safety of tunnel construction. (2) Principle of initial lining: grout is injected around anti-slide piles and grouting reinforced coupling beams through the grouting nozzle, and a grout-solid layer is formed around the tunnel excavation contour, which plays the role of initial lining and improves the stability of the broken surrounding rock. stability. (3) The principle of grouting reinforcement for broken rock and soil: pressure grouting into the mountain through the grouting nozzle on the inner wall of the rectangular steel pipe and the grouting nozzle in the circular steel pipe, forming a grouting reinforcement around the anti-sliding pile and the grouting reinforced coupling beam. layer, effectively enhancing the integrity of the broken rock and soil around the designed section of the tunnel, and significantly improving the stability and safety of the excavated section of the tunnel. (4) Principle of retaining wall: When excavating anti-slide pile holes, rectangular steel pipes are inserted while excavating, which plays the role of retaining wall and effectively prevents loose rock blocks from falling.
如图1~图4所示，浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构，包括抗滑桩3、注浆加固连梁4、斜梁9和微型桩12；抗滑桩3由内壁设置注浆嘴8的矩形钢管6内插入工字钢5并浇筑混凝土构成，其沿隧道2开挖轮廓两侧沿布线方向等间距布置；注浆加固连梁4是圆形钢管7内浇筑混凝土形成的加固体，其依次穿过浅埋侧抗滑桩3和山体1，两端分别与隧道2两侧的抗滑桩3相连；斜梁9为现浇混凝土结构，沿坡面设置，两端分别与深埋侧和浅埋侧抗滑桩3桩顶相连；在抗滑桩3和注浆加固连梁4围成的区域内开挖隧道2，施作微型桩12加固隧底，施作衬砌。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the excavation protection structure of the surrounding rock fragmentation section of the shallow-buried unbiased tunnel includes anti-slide piles 3, grouting reinforced connecting beams 4, inclined beams 9 and micro piles 12; A rectangular steel pipe 6 with a grouting nozzle 8 is inserted into the I-beam 5 and concrete is poured, which are arranged at equal intervals along the two sides of the excavation contour of the tunnel 2 along the wiring direction; The formed reinforced body passes through the shallow-buried side anti-slide pile 3 and the mountain body 1 in sequence, and its two ends are respectively connected with the anti-slide pile 3 on both sides of the tunnel 2; The ends of the anti-slide piles on the deep-buried side and the shallow-buried side are respectively connected to the pile tops of the anti-slide piles 3; the tunnel 2 is excavated in the area surrounded by the anti-slide piles 3 and the grouting reinforced coupling beams 4, and the micro-pile 12 is used to reinforce the tunnel bottom. For lining.
如图1~图3所示，抗滑桩3所用矩形钢管6内壁通长焊接有梅花型布置的注浆嘴8，矩形钢管6垂直于隧道2布线方向的侧壁还开设圆孔，圆孔位于浅埋侧抗滑桩3桩顶以下、施工平台以上，同一断面内深埋矩形钢管6上的圆孔与浅埋侧矩形钢管6上的圆孔位于同一水平面内。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the inner wall of the rectangular steel pipe 6 used in the anti-slide pile 3 is welded with a plum blossom-shaped grouting nozzle 8 throughout the length. Located below the top of the anti-slide pile 3 on the shallow buried side and above the construction platform, the round holes on the deep buried rectangular steel pipe 6 and the round holes on the shallow buried rectangular steel pipe 6 in the same section are located in the same horizontal plane.
如图1、图3所示，工字钢5型号为I56a~I63c，其翼缘距离矩形钢管6远离隧道2一侧20~30cm，腹板与隧道2走向垂直且与矩形钢管6中心线重合。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the type of I-beam 5 is I56a~I63c, its flange is 20~30cm away from the side of the rectangular steel pipe 6 away from the tunnel 2, and the web is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel 2 and coincides with the center line of the rectangular steel pipe 6 .
如图1、图4所示，圆形钢管7外径与矩形钢管6上开设圆孔直径相同，其两端焊接有圆形盖板11，内壁通长焊接有梅花型布置的注浆嘴8。As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the outer diameter of the circular steel pipe 7 is the same as the diameter of the round hole on the rectangular steel pipe 6, the two ends of which are welded with a circular cover plate 11, and the inner wall is welded with a plum blossom-shaped grouting nozzle 8 throughout the length. .
如图3、图4所示，注浆嘴8为圆弧形圆管，圆弧内径为10~20cm，圆管直径为2~3cm。As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the grouting nozzle 8 is an arc-shaped round pipe, the inner diameter of the arc is 10-20 cm, and the diameter of the round pipe is 2-3 cm.
如图1、图2所示，斜梁9梁高等于抗滑桩3超出坡面的高度，宽与抗滑桩3宽度相等。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the girder height of the inclined beam 9 is equal to the height of the anti-slide pile 3 beyond the slope, and the width is equal to the width of the anti-slide pile 3 .
如图4所示，圆形盖板11直径等于圆形钢管7的直径，中心焊接有注浆嘴8。As shown in FIG. 4 , the diameter of the circular cover plate 11 is equal to the diameter of the circular steel pipe 7 , and a grouting nozzle 8 is welded in the center.
浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构的施工方法，其施工步骤为：The construction method for the excavation protection structure of the surrounding rock broken section of the shallow-buried partial pressure tunnel, and its construction steps are as follows:
（1）预制构件：在工厂预制矩形钢管6、圆形钢管7、圆形盖板11和封堵板13；矩形钢管6横截面长为1.5~2m，宽1~1.5m，内壁通长焊接有梅花型布置的注浆嘴8，在矩形钢管6短边两侧壁开设0.6~1m的圆孔，圆孔位于浅埋侧抗滑桩3桩顶以下3~4m处；圆形钢管7外径等于矩形钢管6上开设圆孔的直径，内壁通长焊接有梅花型布置的注浆嘴8；圆形盖板11的直径等于圆形钢管7的直径，其中心焊接注浆嘴8；封堵板13是直径为1~1.2m的圆形钢板；(1) Prefabricated components: prefabricated rectangular steel pipe 6, circular steel pipe 7, circular cover plate 11 and sealing plate 13 in the factory; the cross section of rectangular steel pipe 6 is 1.5~2m long, 1~1.5m wide, and the inner wall is welded throughout the length There are grouting nozzles 8 arranged in plum blossom shape, and 0.6-1m round holes are set on the short side walls of the rectangular steel pipe 6, and the round holes are located 3-4m below the pile top of the shallow-buried side anti-slide pile 3; The diameter is equal to the diameter of the round hole on the rectangular steel pipe 6, and the inner wall is welded with a plum blossom-shaped grouting nozzle 8; the diameter of the circular cover plate 11 is equal to the diameter of the circular steel pipe 7, and the grouting nozzle 8 is welded in the center; Blocking plate 13 is a circular steel plate with a diameter of 1-1.2m;
（2）桩侧浆固层10施工：在隧道2开挖轮廓两侧2~3米处，沿布线方向开挖矩形桩孔，边开挖边插入矩形钢管6，直至桩底伸入滑移面以下的稳定岩层中，通过设置在矩形钢管6内壁上的注浆嘴8向矩形钢管6外侧压力注浆，在矩形钢管6外侧形成浆固层10；(2) Construction of the pile side grout layer 10: At 2 to 3 meters on both sides of the excavation contour of the tunnel 2, excavate a rectangular pile hole along the wiring direction, and insert a rectangular steel pipe 6 while excavating until the bottom of the pile extends into the sliding In the stable rock formation below the surface, pressure grouting to the outside of the rectangular steel pipe 6 through the grouting nozzle 8 arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular steel pipe 6, forming a slurry-solid layer 10 outside the rectangular steel pipe 6;
（3）施工平台开挖：在浅埋侧抗滑桩3外侧开挖岩土体，在桩外侧形成一个施工平台，施工平台的标高低于浅埋侧抗滑桩3桩顶标高4~5m；(3) Excavation of the construction platform: Excavate the rock and soil outside the shallow-buried side anti-slide pile 3, and form a construction platform outside the pile. ;
（4）注浆加固连梁4施工：沿浅埋侧矩形钢管6上预留圆孔向山体1内部开挖水平桩孔，边开挖边插入圆形钢管7，圆形钢管7依次穿过浅埋侧矩形钢管6、山体1，并伸入同断面内深埋侧矩形钢管6内，保证圆形钢管7两端分别插入矩形钢管6内0.5~1.0m；通过设置在圆形钢管7内壁的注浆嘴8向圆形钢管7外侧压力注浆形成浆固层10，在圆形钢管7两端焊接圆形盖板11，通过设置在圆形盖板11上的注浆嘴8向钢管内注入混凝土形成注浆加固连梁4；(4) Construction of grouting reinforced coupling beam 4: Excavate horizontal pile holes to the interior of the mountain 1 along the round hole reserved on the rectangular steel pipe 6 on the shallow buried side, insert circular steel pipe 7 while excavating, and pass through circular steel pipe 7 in turn The rectangular steel pipe 6 on the shallow buried side and the mountain body 1 extend into the rectangular steel pipe 6 on the deeply buried side in the same section to ensure that the two ends of the circular steel pipe 7 are respectively inserted into the rectangular steel pipe 6 by 0.5~1.0m; The grouting nozzle 8 is pressure grouted to the outside of the circular steel pipe 7 to form a slurry solid layer 10, and the circular cover plate 11 is welded at both ends of the circular steel pipe 7, and the grouting nozzle 8 arranged on the circular cover plate 11 is injected into the steel pipe. Injecting concrete to form grouting reinforced connecting beam 4;
（5）抗滑桩3浇筑：用直径1~1.2m的封堵板13焊接在浅埋侧矩形钢管6外侧的圆孔处封堵矩形钢管6，矩形钢管6内插入工字钢5，工字钢5翼缘距离矩形钢管6远离隧道2一侧20~30cm，腹板与隧道2走向垂直且与矩形钢管6中心线重合；然后在矩形钢管6内浇筑混凝土形成抗滑桩3，桩顶标高高出地面0.5~1m；(5) Pouring of anti-sliding pile 3: use a blocking plate 13 with a diameter of 1~1.2m to weld the rectangular steel pipe 6 at the round hole outside the shallow buried rectangular steel pipe 6, insert the I-beam 5 into the rectangular steel pipe 6, and The flange of the beam 5 is 20 to 30 cm away from the side of the rectangular steel pipe 6 away from the tunnel 2, and the web is perpendicular to the direction of the tunnel 2 and coincides with the center line of the rectangular steel pipe 6; The elevation is 0.5~1m above the ground;
（6）斜梁9施作：将坡面整平，沿坡面支模并绑扎钢筋，浇筑混凝土形成斜梁9；(6) Construction of inclined beam 9: leveling the slope surface, setting up formwork along the slope surface and binding steel bars, and pouring concrete to form inclined beam 9;
（7）隧道开挖施工：待所有断面的抗滑桩3和注浆加固连梁4施作完成并满足设计强度要求后，在抗滑桩3和注浆加固连梁4形成的封闭区域内开挖隧道2；(7) Tunnel excavation construction: After the construction of anti-slide piles 3 and grouting reinforced connecting beams 4 of all sections is completed and meets the design strength requirements, in the closed area formed by anti-sliding piles 3 and grouting reinforced connecting beams 4 Excavate Tunnel 2;
（8）微型桩12及衬砌施工：边开挖隧道边采用高压旋喷法在隧道施工形成微型桩12，完成该断面浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构的施工后，施作衬砌；(8) Micro-pile 12 and lining construction: While excavating the tunnel, the high-pressure rotary spraying method is used to construct the micro-pile 12 in the tunnel construction. lining;
（9）按照步骤（2）~步骤（8）施工下一断面的浅埋偏压隧道围岩破碎段开挖防护结构。(9) Follow steps (2) to (8) to construct the excavation protection structure for the surrounding rock fragmentation section of the shallow-buried unbiased tunnel at the next section.
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| CN109811773B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2023-12-26 | 中铁十九局集团第五工程有限公司 | Bias tunnel portal excavation protection structure and construction method thereof |
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| CN115478565B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-01-23 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Excavation construction process for fully weathered V-level rock shallow tunnel |
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