CN108147796B - Three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108147796B
CN108147796B CN201810008319.7A CN201810008319A CN108147796B CN 108147796 B CN108147796 B CN 108147796B CN 201810008319 A CN201810008319 A CN 201810008319A CN 108147796 B CN108147796 B CN 108147796B
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马青松
曾宽宏
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National University of Defense Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) to SiO2‑ZrO2Stabilizing the composite sol; (2) dipping the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member in the stabilized SiO2‑ZrO2In the composite sol; (3) drying the impregnated three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member; (4) heat treatment; (5) and (4) repeating the dipping-drying-heat treatment processes in the steps (2) to (4) until the weight of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite intermediate is increased by less than 1% compared with the previous dipping-drying-heat treatment process, so as to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite. The three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, excellent mechanical property and the like.

Description

Three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature-resistant fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite materials and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic is SiO2And ZrO2A compound with a solid solution structure formed by reaction and having SiO function2And ZrO2The high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant ceramic material has the advantages of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, is an excellent high-temperature-resistant ceramic material, has obvious advantages in the aspects of high-temperature catalyst carriers, refractory materials of glass and steelmaking kilns, oxidation-resistant coatings and the like, and has wide application prospects. As the monomer ceramic, the silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic has low fracture toughness which is 2-3 MPa.m in most cases1/2. It has been reported that even a nanocrystalline silica-zirconia complex phase ceramic obtained by rapid sintering has a fracture toughness of only 4.13MPa · m1/2. Such low fracture toughness makes it difficult to obtain monolithic silica-zirconia composite ceramics as structural materialsIn practical applications, particularly in the case of high mechanical load impact and thermal shock, toughening treatment is required.
The introduction of fibers in ceramic matrices has proven to be the most effective toughening method capable of significantly improving fracture toughness. The silicon carbide fiber has high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, high tensile strength and high modulus, is more and more emphasized as a reinforcing phase of a high-performance ceramic matrix composite material, and is particularly applied to occasions with long service life and oxidation resistance. Therefore, if the silicon carbide fiber can be mixed with SiO2–ZrO2The composite ceramic is combined together, and the advantages of the composite ceramic and the composite ceramic are combined, so that the fiber-reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material with high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, high strength and high toughness is expected to be obtained theoretically.
The fiber preform reinforced composite material can be divided into one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional preform reinforced composite materials according to the arrangement mode of fibers in the composite material, namely the structural form of the fiber preform. The one-dimensional composite material is prepared by winding fiber bundles into non-woven cloth through slurry prepared from ceramic matrix powder (the slurry contains a binder for adhering the ceramic powder to fibers), then laying the non-woven cloth in different directions and different angles, or directly winding the non-woven cloth into a required shape in different directions and different angles, and then sintering at high temperature and under no pressure or under hot pressure. The two-dimensional composite material is obtained by adhering a ceramic matrix on the surface of fiber cloth in a manner of coating, dip-coating and the like with slurry prepared from ceramic matrix powder, laminating the fiber cloth, and then sintering at high temperature and under no pressure or under hot pressure. The three-dimensional composite material is obtained by firstly manufacturing fibers into a three-dimensional prefabricated part and then introducing a ceramic matrix into the prefabricated part by means of a gas phase method, a liquid phase method and the like. In comparison, the three-dimensional composite material has better integrity (the in-plane and interlayer performance of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional composite materials is weaker), and the designability of the fiber content and the arrangement directionality is strong, so that the three-dimensional composite material is more suitable for preparing components with complex shapes.
However, densification of three-dimensional composites is difficult to handle in one-dimensional and two-dimensional composite manufacturing processes due to the different preform structures. Aiming at the structural characteristics of the three-dimensional prefabricated member, the three-dimensional prefabricated member is generally adopted at presentTwo densification methods were used: firstly, heating a prefabricated member to a required temperature, introducing gaseous raw materials, diffusing the raw materials into the prefabricated member, reacting and depositing under the action of high temperature to obtain a ceramic matrix, gradually filling pores in the prefabricated member with the ceramic matrix along with the prolonging of deposition time, and continuously increasing the density, namely a gas phase method; secondly, after the prefabricated member is soaked in the liquid raw material, the prefabricated member is dried to remove the solvent, then the prefabricated member is subjected to heat treatment at high temperature to obtain a ceramic matrix, the soaking, drying and heat treatment are repeated for a plurality of periods, the pores in the prefabricated member are gradually filled with the ceramic matrix, the density is continuously increased, and the method is called as a liquid phase method. In contrast, the liquid phase method has low requirements on equipment, is insensitive to a temperature field and a chemical field in the equipment during compounding, and has more obvious advantages in the preparation of complex shapes and batch components. And is currently suitable for depositing SiO for fiber-reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composites2And ZrO2The gaseous raw material is too little, the deposition characteristic is not ideal enough, the liquid raw material is easy to obtain, and the performance is reliable.
For the liquid phase method, how to rapidly prepare the three-dimensional fiber preform reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material with high density and high mechanical property is a key problem to be solved, and the related key technical points comprise liquid raw material properties, an impregnation process and a heat treatment process. At present, no research report on the preparation of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material by a liquid phase method is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia complex phase ceramic composite material with high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and excellent mechanical property and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of SiO2-ZrO2Composite sol: mixing SiO2Sol and ZrO2Mixing the sol and adding a stabilizer to obtain SiO2-ZrO2Compounding sol;
(2) dipping: placing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part into a container, vacuumizing and then sucking the SiO obtained in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding sol, vacuum impregnating to make the SiO2-ZrO2Filling the composite sol in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part;
(3) and (3) drying: taking out the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and drying to remove SiO2-ZrO2Solvents and stabilizers in the composite sol;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment under the protection of inert atmosphere to obtain a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate;
(5) and (4) repeating the dipping-drying-heat treatment processes in the steps (2) to (4) until the weight of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite intermediate is increased by less than 1% compared with the previous dipping-drying-heat treatment process, so as to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite.
In the above preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material, preferably, in the step (1), the stabilizer includes HNO3HCl or H2SO4One or more of (a).
In the preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material, preferably, the stabilizer and the SiO2The mass ratio of the sol is 2-3: 10.
In the above preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material, preferably, in the step (1), the SiO is prepared2-ZrO2In the composite sol, the solid content is 20-40 wt%, and SiO2And ZrO2The molar ratio of the composite sol is 95/5-5/95, and the size of the colloidal particles of the composite sol is less than or equal to 30 nm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 400-700 ℃ and the drying time is 1-6 hours.
In the above preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material, preferably, in the step (2), the process conditions of the vacuum impregnation are as follows: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 500Pa, and the dipping time is 4-8 h.
Preferably, in the step (2), after vacuum impregnation, air pressure auxiliary impregnation is further performed under a set pressure, so that the SiO is impregnated in the composite ceramic material2-ZrO2The composite sol is further filled in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part; the technological conditions of the air pressure auxiliary impregnation are as follows: the set pressure is 2MPa to 10MPa, and the dipping time is 2h to 6 h.
In the above preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material, preferably, in the step (4), the heat treatment process includes: under the protection of inert atmosphere, heating to 1100-1500 ℃ at the speed of 10-20 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform is one or more of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform obtained by laminating and sewing silicon carbide fiber cloth, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform obtained by alternately laminating and needling silicon carbide fiber cloth and a mesh, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform with a three-dimensional five-way woven structure, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform with a two-dimensional semi-woven structure and a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform with a three-dimensional four-way woven structure; the volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 20-55%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material further comprises a step of pretreating a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform before the step (2), and specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part in vacuum or inert atmosphere, heating to 600-1200 ℃ at the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1-4 h.
As a general inventive concept, the invention also provides a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material prepared by the preparation method, which comprises a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and SiO2-ZrO2Complex phase ceramics, said SiO2-ZrO2In the complex phase ceramics, ZrO2The mol content of the ceramic is 5 to 95 percent, and the SiO is2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic is uniformly filled in the pores of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part, and the porosity of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite material is 8-15%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention uses SiO2-ZrO2The composite sol is a liquid raw material, the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material is prepared by adopting a liquid phase method, and the sol with high solid content and nano-scale can enable SiO to be prepared2-ZrO2The particles are quickly and uniformly filled into the gaps in the prefabricated member, and compared with a technical route starting from a solution, the densification efficiency is high; compared with the technical route of taking the slurry prepared from ceramic powder as the raw material, SiO2-ZrO2Good distribution uniformity of particles and SiO generation2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic has low temperature and small damage to fiber.
In the process of preparing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material, the acid liquor is introduced into the liquid raw material silica-zirconia composite sol as the stabilizer, so that the problem of SiO is solved2Sol and ZrO2The sol has poor compatibility due to obviously different hydrolysis speeds, and stable SiO is obtained2-ZrO2The composite sol provides reliable raw material guarantee for the preparation of the composite material. The Applicant is preparing SiO2-ZrO2In the process of compounding the sol, SiO is found2Sol and ZrO2Mixing of solThen precipitation occurs, the precipitation destroys the monodisperse state of the nano-sized colloidal particles in the sol, and the obtained particles are in a large-size agglomeration state, can not be impregnated into the pores of the fiber prefabricated member, and can not be used as the raw material of the technical route of impregnation-drying-heat treatment. In the former period, attempts have been made to stabilize SiO by dilution, addition of chelating agent, etc. (the principle is to increase steric hindrance, reduce collision probability of colloidal particles)2-ZrO2The composite sol has a less ideal stabilizing effect, and the solid content of the composite sol is reduced to a certain extent, so that the preparation efficiency of the composite material is reduced. In order to better stabilize SiO2-ZrO2Composite sols, Applicant company on SiO2Sol and ZrO2The reason for generating the precipitation after the sol is mixed is deeply researched theoretically and explored practically, and the research result shows that: SiO 22The sol is alkaline, ZrO2The sol is acidic, so when the two are mixed, the pH value is mismatched, the sol is instable and precipitation occurs. The invention is based on the reverse thinking of SiO2Sol and ZrO2The hydrolysis mechanism in the sol synthesis process is that acid liquid is added to partially peptize hydrolyzed colloidal particles, so that the collision instability probability is reduced, and meanwhile, the pH values of the colloidal particles and the acid liquid are adjusted to the same level, so that the stability of the composite sol is obviously improved, and the solid content and the composite efficiency of the composite sol are not reduced. In addition, the viscosity of the composite sol can be reduced to a certain extent by adding the acid liquor, so that the impregnation into the fiber preform is facilitated.
The acid solution is preferably strong acid, strong acid is to SiO2-ZrO2The composite sol has better stabilizing effect than weak acid, wherein nitric acid is used for SiO2-ZrO2The composite sol has the best stabilizing effect.
2. Due to SiO2-ZrO2The composite sol contains a stabilizer which can remain in the gel in the form of acid radicals, and if the composite sol cannot be completely removed at a lower temperature, SiO at a high temperature can be influenced2And ZrO2And the silicon carbide fibers are also damaged by the reaction and sintering of (2). The invention chooses to remove the waste water by increasing the drying temperature (400-700 ℃) in the drying stage, and the temperature is in the rangeIn the enclosure, acid radicals will be decomposed, e.g. nitrate radicals can be decomposed to NOxAnd O2The gas is removed completely, so that SiO is not influenced by gas volatilization at high temperature2And ZrO2The reaction and sintering shrinkage of the silicon carbide fiber are avoided, and meanwhile, the silicon carbide fiber is not obviously damaged.
3. Preferably, in the sol used in the present invention, SiO is2-ZrO2The composite material is amorphous and nano-scale, has high surface energy, thus having high sintering activity and providing high-quality raw material guarantee for high-temperature heat treatment of the composite material.
4. Preferably, in the impregnation stage, the vacuum impregnation and then the air pressure auxiliary impregnation are adopted, the air in the gaps in the prefabrication is firstly removed by vacuumizing, a space is provided for the infiltration of the sol, and the sol is SiO with uniformly dispersed nano-sized single particles2-ZrO2The composite colloidal particles have good stability, so that the composite colloidal particles can quickly and uniformly enter gaps of the prefabricated member; then, the sol is promoted to further permeate into the interior of the prefabricated member through the action of external air pressure, enters some complex pore spaces of the pore channels, and even can destroy some closed pores to open pores, so that the impregnation efficiency and the filling degree are improved.
5. Preferably, the present invention employs amorphous, small particle size and stable SiO2-ZrO2On the basis of using the composite sol as a matrix raw material, SiO is treated2-ZrO2The research of sintering shrinkage behavior sets the heat treatment temperature to 1100-1500 ℃, and SiO can be ensured in the temperature range2-ZrO2Conversion to SiO2-ZrO2The composite ceramic can obtain higher density of the matrix (the capacity of bearing load and transferring load of the matrix is improved), and finally the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic material with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained.
In a word, the invention starts from the aspects of liquid raw material characteristics, dipping process, drying process and heat treatment temperature, and obviously improves the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part reinforced SiO2-ZrO2Composite ceramic compositeThe compactness of the material not only enhances the bearing capacity of the matrix, but also enhances the load transfer capacity of the matrix, so that the prepared three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite material has excellent mechanical property, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.
6. The three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material prepared by the invention is prepared by firstly mixing silicon carbide fiber and SiO2-ZrO2The advantages of the complex phase ceramic and the three-dimensional prefabricated member are combined together to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite material with excellent mechanical property. The mechanical property of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is utilized to provide excellent mechanical property, particularly high fracture toughness, and the defect of single SiO is overcome2-ZrO2Brittleness of complex phase ceramics; using SiO2-ZrO2The composite ceramic and the silicon carbide fiber have excellent oxidation resistance, and the composite material has excellent oxidation resistance; by utilizing the high temperature resistance of the silicon carbide fiber and SiO2-ZrO2The high melting point of the complex phase ceramic provides the composite material with excellent high temperature resistance. In addition, the porosity of the composite material is low (8% -15%), namely SiO2-ZrO2The content and the density are high, so that the composite material has excellent mechanical property, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber-reinforced SiO prepared in example 1 of the present invention2-ZrO2Macroscopic photograph of the composite ceramic material.
FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber-reinforced SiO prepared in example 1 of the present invention2-ZrO2Microstructure of the composite ceramic material.
FIG. 3 shows SiO as a base material of the present invention2-ZrO2Composite Sol (SiO)2And ZrO21: 1) XRD pattern of the gel powder obtained by drying.
FIG. 4 shows SiO as a base material of the present invention2-ZrO2Composite sol（SiO2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 1: 1), the linear shrinkage after heat treatment at different temperatures after pressing into blocks.
FIG. 5 shows SiO as a base material of the present invention2-ZrO2Composite Sol (SiO)2And ZrO2At a molar ratio of 1: 1) and XRD patterns of the dried gel powder after heat treatment at different temperatures.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) selecting sol: selecting SiO with solid content of 40wt%2-ZrO2Composite sol as SiO2-ZrO2Raw material of complex phase ceramic matrix, wherein SiO2And ZrO2In the above SiO in a molar ratio of 1: 12-ZrO2HNO is added into the composite sol3As stabilizer, HNO3The addition amount is SiO 230% by weight of the sol.
(2) Pre-treating a prefabricated part: selecting a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part obtained by alternately laminating and needling silicon carbide fiber cloth and a net blank as a reinforcing phase, wherein the volume fraction of fibers in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 24%. And (3) placing the selected three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member in vacuum, heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then cooling along with a furnace to finish the pretreatment of the prefabricated member.
(3) Vacuum impregnation: placing the pretreated three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part in a vacuum tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 500Pa, and sucking the SiO in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding the sol to SiO2-ZrO2And submerging the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part by the composite sol, and soaking for 8 hours.
(4) Air pressure assisted impregnation: and (4) moving the prefabricated member (still soaked in the sol) to a pressure kettle, inflating to 2MPa, carrying out air pressure assisted impregnation, and keeping for 6 hours.
(5) And (3) drying: the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform was taken out of the sol and dried at 400 ℃ for 6h in an inert atmosphere.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) heating the dried three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity inert gas, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate.
(7) The process is repeated: and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) for 28 times, detecting, and after the last treatment, obtaining the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material is 0.89% compared with the weight gain of the intermediate of the last treatment and the composite process is finished.
Fig. 1 is a macroscopic photograph of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material prepared in this example. Through detection, the porosity of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material obtained in the embodiment is 9.6%, the bending strength is 117.0MPa, and the fracture toughness is 7.1 MPa.m1/2. After heat treatment for 1h in 1500 ℃ high-temperature inert atmosphere, the strength retention rate is 97.3%; after static air oxidation at 1500 ℃ for 0.5h, the strength retention rate is 98.6%.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite prepared in this example, and it can be seen that the composition includes a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform and SiO2-ZrO2A heterogeneous ceramic wherein SiO2-ZrO2Multiple phase ceramic as substrate, SiO2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 1: 1, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform as a reinforcing phase, SiO2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic particles are sintered into blocks and are uniformly filled in the fiber bundles, namely gaps among fibers.
Example 2:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) selecting sol: selecting SiO with solid phase content of 30wt%2-ZrO2Composite sol as SiO2-ZrO2Raw material of complex phase ceramic matrix, wherein SiO2And ZrO2At a molar ratio of 95: 5 in the above SiO2-ZrO2HNO is added into the composite sol3As stabilizer, HNO3Is added in an amount of SiO225% by weight of the sol.
(2) Pre-treating a prefabricated part: selecting a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part obtained by laminating and sewing silicon carbide fiber cloth as a reinforcing phase, wherein the volume fraction of fibers in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 46%. And (3) placing the selected three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member in vacuum, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then cooling along with a furnace to finish the pretreatment of the prefabricated member.
(3) Vacuum impregnation: placing the pretreated three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part in a vacuum tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 300Pa, and sucking the SiO in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding the sol to SiO2-ZrO2And submerging the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part by the composite sol, and soaking for 6 hours.
(4) Air pressure assisted impregnation: and (4) moving the prefabricated member (still soaked in the sol) to a pressure kettle, inflating to 4MPa, carrying out air pressure assisted impregnation, and keeping for 4 h.
(5) And (3) drying: and taking the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member out of the sol, and drying the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member for 2 hours at 500 ℃ in an inert atmosphere.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) heating the dried three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity inert gas, preserving the heat for 1.5h, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate.
(7) The process is repeated: and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) for 24 times, detecting, and after the last treatment, obtaining the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material is 0.88% compared with the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the last treatment, and finishing the composite process.
Through detection, the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform reinforced SiO obtained in the embodiment2-ZrO2The porosity of the composite ceramic material is 14.4%, the bending strength is 202.5MPa, and the fracture toughness is 11.7 MPa.m1/2. After heat treatment for 1h in 1500 ℃ high-temperature inert atmosphere, the strength retention rate is 92.1%; after static air oxidation at 1500 ℃ for 0.5h, the strength retention rate is 96.7%. The composition comprises a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and SiO2-ZrO2A heterogeneous ceramic wherein SiO2-ZrO2Multiple phase ceramic as substrate, SiO2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 95: 5, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform as a reinforcing phase, SiO2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic is uniformly filled in the gaps of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member.
Example 3:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) selecting sol: selecting SiO with solid phase content of 35wt%2-ZrO2Composite sol as SiO2-ZrO2Raw material of complex phase ceramic matrix, wherein SiO2And ZrO2At a molar ratio of 5: 95 in the above SiO2-ZrO2HNO is added into the composite sol3As stabilizer, HNO3The addition amount is SiO 220% by weight of the sol.
(2) Pre-treating a prefabricated part: the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part with a three-dimensional four-way weaving structure is selected as a reinforcing phase, and the volume fraction of fibers in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 51%. And (3) placing the selected three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member in a high-purity argon atmosphere, heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling along with a furnace to finish the pretreatment of the prefabricated member.
(3) Vacuum impregnation: to be pretreatedPlacing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part in a vacuum tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 100Pa, and sucking the SiO in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding the sol to SiO2-ZrO2The three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is submerged by the composite sol and is soaked for 4 hours.
(4) Air pressure assisted impregnation: and (4) moving the prefabricated member (still soaked in the sol) to a pressure kettle, inflating to 8MPa, carrying out air pressure assisted impregnation, and keeping for 6 hours.
(5) And (3) drying: the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform was taken out of the sol and dried at 400 ℃ for 4h in an inert atmosphere.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) heating the dried three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part to 1500 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity inert gas, preserving the heat for 0.5h, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate.
(7) The process is repeated: and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) for 30 times, detecting, and after the last treatment, obtaining the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the completion of the composite process, wherein the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material is 0.90% compared with that of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic material after the last treatment.
Through detection, the porosity of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material prepared by the embodiment is 8.6%, the bending strength is 286.4MPa, and the fracture toughness is 13.5 MPa.m1/2. After heat treatment for 1h in 1500 ℃ high-temperature inert atmosphere, the strength retention rate is 97.7%; after static air oxidation at 1500 ℃ for 0.5h, the strength retention rate is 98.1%. The composition comprises a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and SiO2-ZrO2A heterogeneous ceramic wherein SiO2-ZrO2Using a heterogeneous ceramic as a matrix, ZrO2The mol content in the multiphase ceramic is 95 percent, the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is a reinforcing phase, and SiO is2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic is uniformly filled in the gaps of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member.
Example 4:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) selecting sol: selecting SiO with solid content of 20wt%2-ZrO2Composite sol as SiO2-ZrO2Raw material of complex phase ceramic matrix, wherein SiO2And ZrO2In the above SiO in a molar ratio of 3: 12-ZrO2HNO is added into the composite sol3As stabilizer, HNO3The addition amount is SiO 220% by weight of the sol.
(2) Pre-treating a prefabricated part: the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part with the two-dimensional semi-woven structure is selected as a reinforcing phase, and the volume fraction of fibers in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 43%. And (3) placing the selected three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member in vacuum, heating to 800 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling along with a furnace to finish the pretreatment of the prefabricated member.
(3) Vacuum impregnation: placing the pretreated three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part in a vacuum tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 200Pa, and sucking the SiO in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding the sol to SiO2-ZrO2And submerging the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part by the composite sol, and soaking for 8 hours.
(4) Air pressure assisted impregnation: and (4) moving the prefabricated member (still soaked in the sol) to a pressure kettle, inflating to 10MPa, carrying out air pressure assisted impregnation, and keeping for 2 h.
(5) And (3) drying: and taking the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member out of the sol, and drying the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member for 1h at 700 ℃ in an inert atmosphere.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) heating the dried three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity inert gas, preserving the heat for 1h, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate.
(7) The process is repeated: and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) for 26 times, detecting, and after the last treatment, obtaining the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material is 0.78% compared with the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the last treatment, and finishing the composite process.
Through detection, the porosity of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material prepared in the embodiment is 12.5%, the bending strength is 231.2MPa, and the fracture toughness is 11.2 MPa.m1/2. After heat treatment for 1h in 1500 ℃ high-temperature inert atmosphere, the strength retention rate is 95.4%; after static air oxidation at 1500 ℃ for 0.5h, the strength retention rate is 97.6%. The composition comprises a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and SiO2–ZrO2A heterogeneous ceramic wherein SiO2-ZrO2Multiple phase ceramic as substrate, SiO2And ZrO2The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 3: 1, the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is used as a reinforcing phase, and SiO is used as2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic is uniformly filled in the gaps of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member.
Example 5:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) selecting sol: selecting SiO with solid phase content of 30wt%2-ZrO2Composite sol as SiO2-ZrO2Raw material of complex phase ceramic matrix, wherein SiO2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 1: 3 in the above SiO2-ZrO2HNO is added into the composite sol3As stabilizer, HNO3The addition amount is SiO225% by weight of the sol.
(2) Pre-treating a prefabricated part: selecting a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part with a three-dimensional five-direction woven structure as a reinforcing phase, wherein the volume fraction of fibers in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 50%. And (3) placing the selected three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member in a high-purity argon atmosphere, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then cooling along with a furnace to finish the pretreatment of the prefabricated member.
(3) Vacuum impregnation: placing the pretreated three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preformVacuumizing in a vacuum tank until the vacuum degree reaches 400Pa, and sucking the SiO in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding the sol to SiO2-ZrO2And submerging the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part by the composite sol, and soaking for 6 hours.
(4) Air pressure assisted impregnation: and (4) moving the prefabricated member (still soaked in the sol) to a pressure kettle, inflating to 6MPa, carrying out air pressure assisted impregnation, and keeping for 4 hours.
(5) And (3) drying: the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform was taken out of the sol and dried at 600 ℃ for 3 hours in an inert atmosphere.
(6) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) heating the dried three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part to 1400 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity inert gas, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate.
(7) The process is repeated: and (4) repeating the steps (3) to (6) for 27 times, detecting, and after the last treatment, obtaining the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material after the weight gain of the intermediate of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material is 0.95% compared with the weight gain of the intermediate of the last treatment and the composite process is finished.
Through detection, the porosity of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material prepared in the embodiment is 11.3%, the bending strength is 312.4MPa, and the fracture toughness is 13.2 MPa.m1/2. After heat treatment for 1h in 1500 ℃ high-temperature inert atmosphere, the strength retention rate is 97.1%; after static air oxidation at 1500 ℃ for 0.5h, the strength retention rate is 97.6%. The composition comprises a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and SiO2-ZrO2A heterogeneous ceramic wherein SiO2-ZrO2Multiple phase ceramic as substrate, SiO2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 1: 3, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is taken as a reinforcing phase, SiO2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic is uniformly filled in the gaps of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated member.
From examples 1 to 5, it can be seen that the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has low porosity, high mechanical properties and excellent high temperature oxidation resistance.
In conclusion, the invention is based on SiO2-ZrO2The characteristics, the current research situation and the existing problems of the complex phase ceramic are combined with the silicon carbide fiber and the SiO2-ZrO2The three advantages of the complex phase ceramic and the three-dimensional prefabricated member provide the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiO2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic composite material is a novel material system and forms a preparation method capable of obtaining excellent performance.
In the preparation method, HNO is firstly added3As an additive, stable SiO is obtained2-ZrO2The composite sol provides reliable raw material guarantee for the preparation of the composite material, and then SiO with the solid phase content of 20-40 wt% is adopted2-ZrO2The composite sol (the particle size of the colloid is less than or equal to 30 nm) is used as a matrix raw material, and the prepared material has the porosity of about 11 percent, the bending strength of 312.4MPa and the fracture toughness of 13.2 MPa.m in a limited period (nearly 30 periods)1/2Three-dimensional five-way silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiO2-ZrO2A composite ceramic material. Although there is no fully corresponding three-dimensional five-way silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiO prepared by other methods2-ZrO2Complex phase ceramic composites can be compared, but can be compared to similar prior art: firstly, AlCl is adopted in the prior art3·6H2O or Al (NO)3)3·9H2Sol prepared from O inorganic salt is used as a matrix raw material, and three-dimensional four-way carbon fiber reinforced Al is prepared by 13 periods of' dipping-drying-1260 ℃ heat treatment2O3The composite material is found that the density is not increased when the subsequent compounding is continued, the porosity is about 30 percent, and the bending strength is only 100MPa to 150 MPa; secondly, preparing Y from organic salt containing Si and organic salt solution containing Y2SiO5The coating needs to remove a large amount of solvent and additive, the preparation efficiency is very low, and a typical parameter is that the thickness is 2 mu m after 20 times of dip-coating heat treatment. Thus, by comparison, it can be seen that a high solid content SiO is used2-ZrO2Composite sol as SiO2-ZrO2Compared with the technical route starting from organic or inorganic salt solution, the composite ceramic matrix raw material has the advantages of self-evident preparation efficiency.
In addition, the scanning electron microscope is adopted to observe the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiO of the invention2-ZrO2The microstructure of the composite ceramic material, as shown in FIG. 2, can be seen as SiO2-ZrO2The multiphase ceramic particles are sintered into blocks and are uniformly filled in the fiber bundles, namely gaps among fibers, so that the problem of uneven distribution easily caused by slurry raw materials is solved. Thus, the SiO employed in the present invention2-ZrO2The composite sol not only maintains the advantages of uniform filling of the inorganic salt or organic salt solution raw material and high-efficiency impregnation of the slurry raw material, but also overcomes the disadvantages of low densification efficiency of the inorganic salt or organic salt solution raw material and non-uniform filling of the slurry raw material.
Then, the invention adopts a mode of vacuum impregnation firstly and then air pressure auxiliary impregnation, firstly vacuumizes to remove air in the gap in the prefabrication, provides space for the infiltration of the sol, and because the sol is SiO with nano-sized single particles uniformly dispersed2-ZrO2The composite colloidal particles have good stability, so that the composite colloidal particles can quickly and uniformly enter gaps of the prefabricated member; then, the sol is promoted to further permeate into the interior of the prefabricated member through the action of external air pressure, enters some complex pore spaces of the pore channels, and even can destroy some closed pores to open pores, so that the impregnation efficiency and the filling degree are improved.
Finally, in the sol used in the invention, SiO2-ZrO2Both are amorphous and nano-scale, and have high surface energy and high sintering activity. On the basis of the above reaction, by reacting with SiO2-ZrO2The research of sintering shrinkage behavior sets the heat treatment temperature to 1100-1500 ℃, and SiO can be ensured in the temperature range2-ZrO2Conversion to SiO2-ZrO2The composite ceramic can obtain higher density of the matrix (improve the bearing load of the matrix)And load transfer capability) without causing reaction between the matrix and the silicon carbide fiber (avoiding forming a chemically strong bonding interface and damaging the mechanical property of the silicon carbide fiber), and finally obtaining the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced SiO with excellent comprehensive properties2-ZrO2A composite ceramic material.
To SiO2-ZrO2Carrying out XRD detection on gel powder obtained after the sol is dried:
analysis of the gel powder (SiO) by X-ray diffractometer model D8 Advance2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 1: 1). The test conditions were: CuK alpha rays, tube current 40mA, tube voltage 40KV, 2 theta = 10-60 degrees and scanning speed 4 DEG/min.
The detection result is shown in FIG. 3, which shows that: the map shows the peak characteristic of the steamed bread, and no sharp SiO appears2Or ZrO2Characteristic diffraction peak, which shows SiO after drying at 700 deg.C2-ZrO2The gel powder is typically in an amorphous state, which has high surface energy and can promote sintering densification.
To SiO2-ZrO2And (3) pressing gel powder obtained by drying the sol into blocks, and detecting the linear shrinkage condition of the gel powder after heat treatment at different temperatures:
drying the SiO2-ZrO2Gel powder (SiO)2And ZrO2In a molar ratio of 1: 1) into a metal mould having a diameter of 40mm, and pressing the powder at 100MPa on a press into round pieces having a diameter of 40mm and a thickness of 5 mm. And (3) putting the round block into a heat treatment furnace, carrying out heat treatment for 1 hour at different temperatures, measuring the change rate of the diameter and the thickness before and after the heat treatment, and measuring 5 points to obtain an average value as a final result.
The detection result is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from the figure that: after heat treatment at 1100-1500 ℃, the linear shrinkage rate is gradually increased along with the temperature rise within the range of 9-14%, wherein when the temperature is increased from 1200 ℃ to 1300 ℃, the linear shrinkage rate is not obviously increased, which shows that the SiO2-ZrO2Has better sintering activity. From the data in FIG. 4, it can be concluded that the line shrinks with heat treatment below 1100 deg.CThe rate is further reduced, which is not beneficial to sintering and densification, so the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature is selected to be 1100 ℃.
SiO after heat treatment at different temperatures2-ZrO2Carrying out XRD detection on the gel powder:
drying the obtained SiO2-ZrO2Gel powder (SiO)2And ZrO21: 1) were subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures for 1h and the phase composition of the powder was analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer model D8 Advance. The test conditions were: CuK alpha rays, tube current 40mA, tube voltage 40KV, 2 theta = 10-60 degrees and scanning speed 4 DEG/min.
The detection result is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from the figure that: at 1100-1300 ℃, SiO2-ZrO2ZrO in composite ceramic2Predominantly crystalline phase, SiO2Is not crystallized or is crystallized weakly but is ZrO2Covering up the formation of zircon (ZrSiO) at 1400 deg.C4) Phase, the crystallinity of zircon increases at 1500 ℃. According to the literature report, the zircon phase can be decomposed into SiO after the temperature exceeds 1600 DEG C2And ZrO2And then SiO2And ZrO2Is easy to react with the silicon carbide fiber and is not good for the mechanical property of the composite material. Therefore, the upper limit of the heat treatment temperature is selected to be 1500 ℃ in the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of SiO2-ZrO2Compounding sol: mixing SiO2Sol and ZrO2Mixing the sol and adding a stabilizer to obtain SiO2-ZrO2Compounding sol; the SiO2-ZrO2In the composite sol, the solid content is 20-40 wt%;
(2) dipping: placing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part into a container, vacuumizing and then sucking the SiO obtained in the step (1)2-ZrO2Compounding sol, vacuum impregnating to make the SiO2-ZrO2Filling the composite sol in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part;
(3) and (3) drying: taking out the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part and drying to remove SiO2-ZrO2Solvents and stabilizers in the composite sol; the drying temperature is 400-700 ℃;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment under the protection of inert atmosphere to obtain a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material intermediate;
(5) repeating the dipping-drying-heat treatment processes in the steps (2) to (4) until the weight of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex-phase ceramic composite intermediate is increased by less than 1% compared with the weight of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex-phase ceramic composite intermediate in the last dipping-drying-heat treatment process, so as to obtain the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex-phase ceramic composite;
the stabilizer comprises HNO3HCl or H2SO4One or more of (a).
2. The method for preparing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is mixed with the SiO2The mass ratio of the sol is 2-3: 10.
3. The method for preparing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), SiO is added2And ZrO2The molar ratio of the composite sol is 95/5-5/95, and the size of the colloidal particles of the composite sol is less than or equal to 30 nm.
4. The preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (3), the drying time is 1-6 h.
5. The method for preparing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the vacuum impregnation process conditions are as follows: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 500Pa, and the dipping time is 4-8 h.
6. The method for preparing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic material according to claim 5, wherein the step (2) further comprises performing air pressure assisted impregnation under a set pressure after vacuum impregnation so that the SiO is formed2-ZrO2The composite sol is further filled in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part; the technological conditions of the air pressure auxiliary impregnation are as follows: the set pressure is 2MPa to 10MPa, and the dipping time is 2h to 6 h.
7. The preparation method of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the step (4), the heat treatment process comprises: under the protection of inert atmosphere, heating to 1100-1500 ℃ at the speed of 10-20 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 0.5-2 h.
8. The method for preparing the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide composite ceramic composite material according to claim 7, wherein the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform is one or more of a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform obtained by laminating and sewing silicon carbide fiber cloth, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform obtained by alternately laminating and needling silicon carbide fiber cloth and a mesh, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform with a three-dimensional five-way woven structure, a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform with a two-dimensional semi-woven structure and a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform with a three-dimensional four-way woven structure; the volume fraction of the silicon carbide fiber in the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part is 20-55%.
9. The three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica-zirconia composite ceramic composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises a three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber preform and SiO2-ZrO2Complex phase ceramics, said SiO2-ZrO2In the complex phase ceramics, ZrO2The mol content of the ceramic is 5 to 95 percent, and the SiO is2-ZrO2The complex phase ceramic is uniformly filled in the pores of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber prefabricated part, and the porosity of the three-dimensional silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon oxide-zirconium oxide complex phase ceramic composite material is 8-15%.
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