CN108110794B - Micro-grid system considering micro-source working characteristics and power frequency division control method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-grid system considering micro-source working characteristics and a power frequency division control method. The storage battery pack works in a low-frequency section, and a voltage control mode is adopted to maintain the stability of the voltage of the direct-current bus; the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system work in an ultralow frequency band, and a current control mode is adopted to output ultralow frequency power required by a load; the super capacitor works in a middle-high frequency band to stabilize the middle-high frequency power pulsation of the load. In order to realize frequency-based distribution of each micro-source power instruction, a frequency-based load power resolving method and an ultralow frequency power secondary distribution method thereof are provided. The system and the control method not only can realize the power balance of the micro-grid source end and the load end, but also can effectively reduce the harm of high-frequency power fluctuation to sensitive micro-sources such as storage batteries and the like, prolong the service life of equipment and obviously improve the operation efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distributed power supply system, in particular to a micro-grid system considering the working characteristics of a micro source and a power frequency division control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy power generation technology and power electronic technology, the "microgrid" has been continuously and widely paid attention to in the industry as a flexible power production and transmission and distribution scheme. Generally, a micro-grid system is mainly composed of a micro-source (distributed power supply system), an energy storage device, a converter device, a control system, a local load, and the like. At present, the micro-grid technology is mainly applied in the following aspects: the method is an effective means for large-scale renewable energy sources (such as wind energy and solar energy) grid connection, a solution for high-altitude, sea, side and no-region power guarantee, and a power supply and distribution technology for ships, aircrafts and ground vehicles.
The power balance control of the microgrid is one of the key contents of academic research, and is related to the energy supply and demand balance of a source end and a load end and the voltage stability of a system. Taking Droop control (Droop control) technology as an example, the Droop control method adopts a Droop curve similar to a traditional generator to achieve control over a micro source according to a control target of a micro grid, and dynamically distributes unbalanced power of a system to each unit to bear, so that the uniformity of frequency and voltage in the micro grid system is guaranteed. The droop control strategy does not need communication coordination among the units, can realize the targets of micro-source plug-and-play and peer-to-peer control, and is widely applied to micro-grid power control. In addition, the power control method of the microgrid includes Master-slave control (Master-slave control), distributed control (Decentralized control), and the like. The master-slave control refers to a control mode that one controller in the microgrid control system is used as a master controller and the other controllers are used as slave controllers, and the method is particularly suitable for an island microgrid operation mode.
However, whatever the above power control method, the load is usually equivalent to a linear load with slowly changing required power, so that the output power is usually considered only when the micro-source power is distributed, and the operating characteristics of the micro-source are ignored. Although the power control method can realize power balance of the source end and the load end, the power control method is not beneficial to exerting the advantages of the operating characteristics of the micro source, and even endangers the service life of the micro source. For example, a battery, although capable of stabilizing low-frequency power fluctuations of a load, is sensitive to high-frequency components in the power. The long-term high-frequency current charging and discharging may cause the temperature of the battery to rise, and if the temperature rises too much, the more serious diffusion situation and the uncontrollable ion concentration may further occur, and in an extreme case, the battery may be gasified or liquefied. For another example, in a microgrid system running off the grid, a diesel generator set is generally adopted as a main power supply, and at this time, if the operating point of an engine is adjusted in real time according to the instantaneous power demand of a load, the problems of low fuel efficiency and the like may be caused. Therefore, the micro-grid power control not only needs to realize the supply and demand balance of power, but also needs to realize the optimal configuration and arrangement of each micro-source power according to the difference of the operating characteristics of the micro-sources so as to improve the efficiency to the maximum extent and prolong the service life of equipment. This is the key technical problem to be solved by the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a micro-grid power frequency division control method considering the working characteristics of a micro source aiming at the defects of the prior art, so as to improve the working efficiency of the micro source to the maximum extent and prolong the service life of equipment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a micro-grid system considering the working characteristics of micro-sources is characterized in that the micro-sources comprise a diesel generator set, a new energy power generation system, a storage battery pack and a super capacitor, and the micro-grid system comprises the diesel generator set and a controllable rectifier thereof, the new energy power generation system and a grid-connected converter thereof, the storage battery pack and a DC/DC converter thereof, the super capacitor and a DC bus; the system comprises a diesel generator set, a new energy power generation system, a storage battery pack, a super capacitor and a direct current bus, wherein the diesel generator set is hung on the direct current bus through a controllable rectifier of the diesel generator set, the new energy power generation system is hung on the direct current bus through a grid-connected converter of the new energy power generation system, the storage battery pack is hung on the direct current bus through a DC/DC converter of the storage battery pack, and the super capacitor is directly hung on the direct current bus.
Further, when the new energy power generation system is photovoltaic, the grid-connected converter is a DC/DC converter; when the new energy power generation system is wind power, the grid-connected converter is an AC/DC rectifier.
A method for controlling power division of a microgrid system with consideration of operating characteristics of a micro source as described above, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: determining each micro-source working frequency band and working mode thereof according to the load required power;
dividing the load required power into 3 frequency bands of ultra-low frequency, low frequency and medium-high frequency, wherein the set ranges of the frequencies are respectively less than 0.5Hz, 0.5-2Hz and >2 Hz; the storage battery pack works at a low-frequency end, and a voltage control mode is adopted to maintain the stability of the voltage of the direct-current bus; the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system work in an ultralow frequency band, and adopt a current or power control mode to output ultralow frequency power required by a load; the super capacitor works in a middle-high frequency band and is used for stabilizing middle-high frequency power pulsation of a load;
step two: will load demand power PloadDecomposing according to the working frequency band of each micro source to obtain the distributed power instruction of each micro source;
the power-based frequency division resolving method is realized by filtering two cascaded low-pass filters, and specifically comprises the following steps: load power PloadAfter being filtered by a front-stage low-pass filter and a rear-stage low-pass filter, the total power output instruction of the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system, namely the ultra-low frequency power instruction P, is directly obtainedload_VL(ii) a Low frequency power command Pload_LThe output signals of the front-stage low-pass filter and the rear-stage low-pass filter are subjected to subtraction operation to obtain the output signals; medium to high frequency power command Pload_MHSubtracting the input and output signals of the preceding low-pass filter to obtain the signal;
step three: the ultra-low frequency power instruction P obtained in the step twoload_VLSecondary distribution, the specific distribution method is as follows: when the power P that the new energy power generation system can outputgUltra low frequency less than that required by the loadPower command value Pload_VLIn time, the new energy power generation system outputs power P according to the maximum power tracking curvegmaxDelta P of power difference required by output load of diesel generator setload_VLI.e. Δ Pload_VL＝Pload_VL-Pgmax(ii) a On the contrary, the new energy power generation system completely outputs the power required by the load, and the output power of the diesel generator set is set to be zero;
step four: controlling each micro source to output corresponding power according to the distributed power instruction, wherein a controllable rectifier of the diesel generating set and a grid-connected converter of the new energy power generation system adopt current or power closed-loop control, and the control of a storage battery DC/DC converter is carried out according to the following method: DC bus voltage instruction Vdc_refAnd the measured bus voltage V filtered by the voltage loop low-pass filterdcAfter the difference is made, its error value is delta VdcSending the voltage into a PI regulator for regulation to obtain a modulation voltage Vm，VmAnd comparing the carrier wave generated by the triangular wave generator to obtain a switching signal required by driving a switching device in the DC/DC converter.
Further, the transfer function of the low-pass filter in the second step is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
taking 0.3-0.7 as damping rate; omeganThe cut-off frequency is 4 pi and pi in the front-stage low-pass filter and the rear-stage low-pass filter, respectively.
Further, the setting of the voltage loop low-pass filter in the fourth step is the same as the setting of the previous-stage low-pass filter in the second step.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the output power of each micro source is divided into 3 frequency bands according to the difference of the working characteristics: the storage battery pack is mainly used for inhibiting low-frequency power fluctuation, the super capacitor is mainly used for stabilizing medium-high frequency power pulsation in the load, and the three types of micro sources respectively play their roles. The storage battery pack equivalently realizes the effect of low-frequency power closed-loop regulation and control through the design of the voltage loop low-pass filtering loop, and simultaneously plays the role of a voltage monitor, thereby being convenient for engineering application. After the power frequency division control strategy is adopted, the power balance of the micro-grid source end and the load end can be realized, a certain protection effect can be achieved on sensitive micro-sources such as a storage battery pack and the like, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved (the frequent switching of the operating working points of the diesel generating set is avoided).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the topology and micro-source power distribution of a micro-grid system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a load power structure according to frequency division calculation method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control structure of the storage battery pack DC/DC converter of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a waveform of each micro-source power output of the micro-grid system obtained by the control method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the microgrid system of the present invention is a direct current microgrid operating in an off-grid (islanding) state, and includes a diesel generator set and a controllable rectifier (AC/DC rectifier) thereof, a new energy power generation system and a grid-connected converter (when the new energy power generation system is photovoltaic, the grid-connected converter is a DC/DC converter; when the new energy power generation system is wind power, the grid-connected converter is an AC/DC rectifier), a storage battery and a DC/DC converter thereof, a super capacitor and a direct current bus; the system comprises a diesel generating set, a new energy power generation system, a storage battery pack, a super capacitor and a direct current bus, wherein the diesel generating set is hung on the direct current bus through a controllable rectifier of the diesel generating set, the new energy power generation system is hung on the direct current bus through a grid-connected converter of the new energy power generation system, the storage battery pack is hung on the direct current bus through a DC/DC converter of the storage battery pack, and the super capacitor is directly hung on the direct current bus. The micro source (or 'micro power source') described in the invention refers to a power generation device and an energy storage device with power output capability, such as a diesel generating set, a new energy power generation system, a storage battery pack, a super capacitor and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for controlling power division of a micro-grid system in consideration of operating characteristics of micro-sources according to the present invention includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining each micro-source working frequency band and working mode thereof according to the load required power;
the load required power is divided into 3 frequency bands of ultra-low frequency, low frequency and medium-high frequency, and the setting ranges of the frequencies are respectively <0.5Hz, 0.5-2Hz and >2Hz, namely the values of F1 and F2 in FIG. 1 are respectively 0.5Hz and 2 Hz. The storage battery pack works at a low-frequency end, and adopts a voltage control mode to maintain the stability of the direct-current bus voltage and inhibit the low-frequency fluctuation of the bus voltage (or offset the low-frequency component in the power required by the load), namely, the storage battery pack plays a role of a voltage source; the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system work in an ultralow frequency band, and adopt a current or power control mode to output ultralow frequency power required by a load, namely, the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system play a role of a current source; the super capacitor works in a middle and high frequency band, and can be not controlled due to direct net hanging, so that middle and high frequency power pulsation of a load is stabilized.
Here, the ultra low frequency, and medium-high frequency are divided according to the power response capability (rate) of each micro-source. Considering that the present embodiment already covers the common micro-sources basically, the frequency division has a certain universality, and the frequency division can be performed specifically for a certain type of micro-source or can be adjusted slightly on the basis of the actual operating characteristics.
Step two: as shown in fig. 2, the load demand power (or measured load power) P is measuredloadDecomposing according to the 3 frequency bands to obtain a distributed power instruction of each micro source;
the power frequency division resolving method of the invention is to demand the power P to the load by two cascaded low pass filters LPFloadThe filtering is realized, and then signals before and after the input and output of the two LPFs are subjected to subtraction operation to obtain the filtering, specifically: load power PloadAfter being filtered by a front-stage low-pass filter and a rear-stage low-pass filter, the total power output instruction of the current source type micro-source (namely a diesel generating set and a new energy power generation system), namely an ultra-low frequency power instruction P, is directly obtainedload_VL(ii) a Low frequency power command Pload_LThe output signals of the front stage LPF and the rear stage LPF are subjected to subtraction operation to obtain the output signals; medium to high frequency power command Pload_MHThen, the input and output signals of the front stage LPF are subtracted; here, the transfer function of the low-pass filter is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the damping rate, it is generally desirable to be 0.3 to 0.7; omeganThe cut-off frequency is 4 pi and pi in the front-stage low-pass filter and the rear-stage low-pass filter, respectively.
The load power demand P in this steploadThe voltage and the current of the outlet end of the direct current bus can be measured and obtained by multiplying the voltage and the current.
Step three: the ultra-low frequency power instruction P obtained in the step twoload_VLSecondary distribution, the specific distribution method is as follows: when the power P that the new energy power generation system can outputgLower than the ultralow frequency power command value P required by the loadload_VLIn time, the new energy power generation system outputs power P according to the maximum power tracking curvegmaxDelta P of power difference required by output load of diesel generator setload_VLI.e. Δ Pload_VL＝Pload_VL-Pgmax(ii) a On the contrary, the new energy power generation system completely outputs the power required by the load, and the output power of the diesel generator set is set to be zero;
step four: and controlling each micro source to output corresponding power according to the distributed power instruction. As shown in fig. 3, it is a control structure diagram of a storage battery DC/DC converter (non-isolated Boost circuit), in which V isdc_refIndicating bus voltage command, VdcIndicating the measured bus voltage, VmIndicating the modulation voltage and PI the proportional integral regulator.
The grid-connected converter of the controllable rectifier of the diesel generating set and the new energy power generation system adopts current or power closed-loop control well known in the industry, and the control of the storage battery DC/DC converter is carried out according to the following method by referring to FIG. 3: DC bus voltage instruction Vdc_refAnd the measured bus voltage V filtered by the voltage loop low-pass filterdcAfter the difference is made, its error value is delta VdcSending the voltage into a PI regulator for regulation to obtain a modulation voltage Vm，VmAnd comparing the carrier wave generated by the triangular wave generator to obtain a switching signal required by driving a switching device in the DC/DC converter. The setting of the voltage ring LPF is completely the same as that of the preceding stage LPF in the step 2, and the purpose is to filter medium-high frequency ripple components in the actually measured bus voltage.
In the step, the ultra-low frequency power instruction Pload _ VL obtained in the step 2 is used as a closed-loop power control instruction or basis for controlling the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system; and the control of the storage battery pack does not directly adopt the low-frequency power instruction Pload _ L obtained in the step (2) to perform closed-loop power regulation, but utilizes a voltage ring with a frequency band selection function to perform equivalent regulation, so that the storage battery pack has the function of maintaining the bus voltage stability (or a bus voltage monitor) and also indirectly realizes the effect of low-frequency power closed-loop regulation.
The controllable rectifier of the diesel generator set in the embodiment is a typical three-phase fully-controlled rectifier circuit (AC/DC rectifier); the grid-connected converter of the new energy power generation system is determined by the type of new energy, when the new energy power generation system is photovoltaic, the grid-connected converter is a typical DC/DC converter (non-isolated Boost circuit), and when the new energy power generation system is wind power, the grid-connected converter is a typical three-phase fully-controlled rectification circuit (AC/DC rectifier). In view of the fact that the current (or power) control modes of the three-phase fully-controlled rectifier circuit and the DC/DC converter are well known in the art, detailed descriptions thereof will not be provided herein.
FIG. 4 is a micro-grid system using the power control method of the present inventionEach micro-source outputs a power waveform, P in the figurescRepresenting the power output of the supercapacitor, PbatRepresenting the power output by the battery pack. As shown in the figure, after the power control method of the invention is adopted, the output power of each micro-source can be distributed and output according to frequency, and the advantages of the respective working characteristics are fully exerted. For example, the power command distributed to the diesel generator set is relatively ideal ultralow frequency power, so that severe fluctuation of the output power of the diesel generator set is avoided, impact of torque fluctuation on a set shafting is effectively reduced, and the fuel efficiency of the set is improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the storage battery pack also effectively avoids the occurrence of high-frequency charging and discharging conditions, and can prolong the service life of equipment to a certain extent.
In summary, the method for controlling the power frequency division of the micro-grid considering the operating characteristics of the micro-source, provided by the invention, has the following remarkable characteristics: 1) the output power of each micro source is divided into 3 frequency bands according to the difference of the working characteristics: the storage battery pack is mainly used for inhibiting low-frequency power fluctuation, and the super capacitor is mainly used for stabilizing medium-high frequency power pulsation in the load; 2) the storage battery pack equivalently realizes the effect of low-frequency power closed-loop regulation and control through the design of the voltage loop low-pass filter loop, and simultaneously plays the role of a voltage monitor; 3) after the control strategy is adopted, the power balance of the micro-grid source end and the load end is realized, a certain protection effect on the sensitive micro-source is achieved, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, although the application target of the control method of the present invention is the dc microgrid operating off-grid and the exhaustive types of the micro sources are also very limited, the frequency division control idea and the implementation method thereof have certain universality. It is well within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to apply the power division control concept and embodiments thereof to other topologies of piconets or to change the frequency division values accordingly.
Claims (4)
1. A micro-grid system power frequency division control method considering micro-source working characteristics is characterized in that a micro-source comprises a diesel generator set, a new energy power generation system, a storage battery pack and a super capacitor, the micro-grid system comprises the diesel generator set and a controllable rectifier thereof, the new energy power generation system and a grid-connected converter thereof, the storage battery pack and a DC/DC converter thereof, the super capacitor and a direct current bus;
dividing various micro sources in the micro-grid system into 3 frequency bands according to different load required powers:
the ultralow frequency working frequency band less than 0.5Hz comprises a diesel generator set adopting a current or power control mode and a new energy power generation system, and is used for outputting ultralow frequency power required by a load; the new energy power generation system is connected to the direct current bus in a hanging mode through a grid-connected converter;
the low-frequency working frequency band of 0.5-2Hz comprises a storage battery pack adopting a voltage control mode and is used for maintaining the stability of the voltage of the direct-current bus; the storage battery pack is hung on the direct current bus through a DC/DC converter of the storage battery pack;
the medium-high frequency band which is larger than 2Hz comprises a super capacitor and is used for stabilizing medium-high frequency power pulsation of a load; the super capacitor is directly hung on the direct current bus;
the power frequency division control method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: will load demand power PloadDecomposing the working frequency band of each micro source through filtering of two cascaded low-pass filters to obtain a distributed power instruction of each micro source, which specifically comprises the following steps: load power PloadAfter being filtered by a front-stage low-pass filter and a rear-stage low-pass filter, the total power output instruction of the diesel generator set and the new energy power generation system, namely the ultra-low frequency power instruction P, is directly obtainedload_VL(ii) a Low frequency power command Pload_LThe output signals of the front-stage low-pass filter and the rear-stage low-pass filter are subjected to subtraction operation to obtain the output signals; medium to high frequency power command Pload_MHThen the signal is obtained by subtraction of the input and output signals of the front-stage low-pass filter;
step two: the ultra-low frequency power instruction P obtained in the step oneload_VLSecondary distribution, the specific distribution method is as follows: when the power P that the new energy power generation system can outputgLower than the ultralow frequency power command value P required by the loadload_VLIn time, the new energy power generation system outputs power P according to the maximum power tracking curvegmaxDelta P of power difference required by output load of diesel generator setload_VLI.e. Δ Pload_VL＝Pload_VL-Pgmax(ii) a On the contrary, the new energy power generation system completely outputs the power required by the load, and the output power of the diesel generator set is set to be zero;
step three: controlling each micro source to output corresponding power according to the distributed power instruction, wherein a controllable rectifier of the diesel generating set and a grid-connected converter of the new energy power generation system adopt current or power closed-loop control, and the control of a storage battery DC/DC converter is carried out according to the following method: DC bus voltage instruction Vdc_refAnd the measured bus voltage V filtered by the voltage loop low-pass filterdcAfter the difference is made, its error value is delta VdcSending the voltage into a PI regulator for regulation to obtain a modulation voltage Vm，VmAnd comparing the carrier wave generated by the triangular wave generator to obtain a switching signal required by driving a switching device in the DC/DC converter.
2. The power division control method of claim 1, wherein the transfer function of the low pass filter in the first step is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
taking 0.3-0.7 as damping rate; omeganThe cut-off frequency is 4 pi and pi in the front-stage low-pass filter and the rear-stage low-pass filter, respectively.
3. The power division control method of claim 1, wherein the setting of the voltage loop low pass filter in step three is the same as the setting of the previous stage low pass filter in step one.
4. The method for controlling the power frequency division of the microgrid system considering the operating characteristics of a micro source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when the new energy power generation system is photovoltaic, the grid-connected converter is a DC/DC converter; when the new energy power generation system is wind power, the grid-connected converter is an AC/DC rectifier.
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