CN108094143A - The water-saving quenched double source solid irrigation method of one planting fruit-trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-saving and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees. , Fertilizers, medicines, and plant growth regulators are timely regulated. Through the application of the method of the present invention, the yield and water use efficiency of fruit trees are greatly improved; the problem that the independent irrigation system in areas with extreme climate conditions cannot satisfy the good growth of fruit trees is solved; the air humidity of the fruit tree cultivation environment under extreme drought conditions is improved, and the water use efficiency is greatly reduced. The transpiration of fruit tree leaves can realize the sustainable development of fruit tree cultivation while avoiding water waste; the use of intelligent decision-making system can realize automatic and precise control of irrigation on time and on demand, greatly reducing labor intensity and saving labor.

Description

A water-saving conditioning dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a water-saving and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees in regions with extreme climate conditions.

Background technique

At present, with the development of modern agriculture, the cultivation area and scope of fruit trees in my country are expanding day by day, and fruit trees have become an important source of economic income in areas with extreme climate conditions such as the Turpan Basin, Southern Xinjiang, and Hainan Island. In these areas, the congenital conditions of large temperature difference between day and night and long sunlight time are conducive to the accumulation of sugar in the fruit, which is conducive to improving the nutritional flavor of the fruit, but there is also the problem of low water use efficiency. There are many problems such as weakening, scorched flowers caused by low air humidity, and fruit development hindered by high temperature.

When the fruit tree is in a dry environment, on the one hand, in order to maintain water, the stomata on the leaves will shrink or close, the absorption of carbon dioxide will decrease, the efficiency of photosynthesis will decrease, the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) will be hindered, and the synthesis and transportation of organic substances will also be seriously affected. On the other hand, when the fruit trees are in the critical water demand period such as the flowering period, the environmental humidity is too low to cause scorched blooms. Some studies have shown that when the relative air humidity is lower than 70%, the scorched bloom rate of fruit trees will reach 70%. Seriously affect the fruit setting rate and the formation of yield.

The above problems have become a bottleneck in the development process of fruit tree cultivation areas, and a large number of scholars have done related research, such as:

Authorized announcement number: CN 206181981 discloses a three-dimensional micro-irrigation system for jujube irrigation in arid areas. The system consists of two parts: a ground drip irrigation system and a canopy micro-spray mist system. The ground drip irrigation system ensures that jujube trees need water throughout the growth period; the canopy micro-spray mist system is used to micro-spray mist during the flowering period to regulate the microenvironment of the jujube orchard, so as to reduce the temperature of the jujube orchard, increase the humidity, and increase the fruit setting rate of the jujube trees. However, the system did not point out the specific index parameters and air humidity control index of micro-spray mist.

Publication number: CN 101622948A discloses a rapid and high-yield cultivation method for jujube in arid areas. The method adopts a pressurized drip irrigation system under mulch to achieve high seedling growth rate and water-saving cultivation. However, this method does not involve improving the problems such as blocked photosynthesis, scorched flowers during flowering and poor fruit development caused by high temperature, which are prone to occur in extreme climate conditions.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at areas with extreme climate conditions, the present invention proposes a water-saving and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees. The method is based on the combination of a dual-source three-dimensional irrigation system and an automatic control system, and proposes technical parameters of micro-sprinklers that are compatible with the system The combination and irrigation scheme solve the problems in the existing technology that the independent irrigation system cannot meet the large water demand of fruit trees, the weakening of photosynthesis caused by drought is not conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, the scorched flowers are prone to occur during the flowering period, and the fruit development is hindered by high temperature.

A water-saving and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees of the present invention,

1) A dual-source three-dimensional automatic control fruit tree irrigation system is proposed. This system mainly includes a surface drip irrigation system and an aerial mist micro-spray system. During the cultivation process, the scorching problem caused by excessive transpiration and the hindered fruit development caused by high temperature improve the fruit shape and nutritional quality, and realize the water-saving and high-yield cultivation of fruit trees.

2) Propose a set of centrifugal micro-spray head technical parameter combinations compatible with the air mist micro-spray system, including atomization index, water droplet diameter, sprinkler intensity, working pressure, spray radius and nozzle flow rate, etc., to solve the problem of mist micro-spray system Selection of key equipment.

3) Propose a set of mutual-feed irrigation decision-making indicators that are compatible with the dual-source three-dimensional automatic control fruit tree irrigation system. The main indicators are air humidity and soil moisture content. According to the law of water demand of fruit trees, the irrigation plan is formulated. Through the dual-source three-dimensional irrigation system, the optimal distribution of water in each part of the fruit tree and the external environment is actively regulated, and the problem of high water consumption and low water use efficiency of fruit trees in extreme conditions is solved.

4) Propose a set of intelligent irrigation decision-making system compatible with surface drip irrigation system and air mist micro-spray system, mainly including programmable controller, soil moisture sensor and its controller, air temperature and humidity sensor and its controller, programmable The controller, the electromagnetic valve for controlling the surface drip irrigation system, the electromagnetic valve for controlling the mist spraying system in the air, the pesticide application key, the fertilization key, and the intelligent alarm, etc., the system has a high degree of automation and simple operation, which solves the complex structure of the dual-source three-dimensional system. , it is difficult to directly grasp the problem of its operation.

5) A fruit tree flower and fruit preservation scheme is proposed for extreme drought conditions. When the rainfall is very small and cannot meet the conditions of conventional irrigation, the aerial mist micro-spray system is used to spray fulvic acid. Fulvic acid is a high-molecular organic compound with a small molecular weight, which can reduce the transpiration rate of crop leaves. At the same time, it can increase the activity of various enzymes and chlorophyll content, and solve the problem of stigma scorching and pollen failure to germinate under extreme drought conditions, which leads to a large area of production reduction.

A water-saving and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees of the present invention, the method includes establishing a dual-source three-dimensional automatic control fruit tree irrigation system, and the dual-source three-dimensional automatic control fruit tree irrigation system utilizes a surface drip irrigation system and aerial mist micro-spraying The system uses an intelligent irrigation decision-making system to automatically adjust water, fertilizers, medicines, and plant growth regulators in a timely manner, wherein the surface drip irrigation system includes drip irrigation belts and branch pipes of the drip irrigation system; Nozzles, mist micro-spray system branch pipes; the intelligent irrigation decision-making system includes programmable controllers, soil moisture sensors, soil moisture sensor controllers, air temperature and humidity sensors, air temperature and humidity sensor controllers, and also includes control of the surface drip irrigation The electromagnetic valve of the system and the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system, the pre-selection programming of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system sets the upper limit and lower limit of soil moisture content, the lower limit and upper limit of air humidity and the upper limit of air temperature; The soil moisture sensor and the air temperature and humidity sensor are all connected to the intelligent irrigation decision-making system through a wireless device to realize automatic micro-sprinkling irrigation and pesticide application; the work flow of the surface drip irrigation system is: through the intelligent irrigation decision-making system The soil moisture sensor guides the duration of drip irrigation, and when the soil moisture sensor detects that the soil moisture content is lower than the lower limit set, the soil moisture sensor transmits a signal to the soil moisture sensor controller, and the soil moisture sensor controller The start signal is sent to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a start signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system, and the surface drip irrigation system starts to work immediately, and the water flows through the entire field pipeline to finally drip Apply to the root zone of fruit trees, when the soil moisture sensor detects that the soil moisture content reaches the set upper limit, the soil moisture sensor transmits a signal to the soil moisture sensor controller, and the soil moisture sensor controller will stop sending the signal To the programmable controller, the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system, and the surface drip irrigation system stops working; the working process of the air mist micro-spray system is : The air temperature and humidity sensor of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system guides the duration of mist spraying. When the air temperature and humidity sensor detects that the air humidity is lower than the lower limit or detects that the temperature reaches the set value, the air temperature The humidity sensor transmits a signal to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and the air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends a start signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends the control signal to the air fogging micro The electromagnetic valve of the spray system emits a start signal, and the air mist micro-spray system starts to work, and the water enters the centrifugal micro-spray head from the branch pipe of the mist micro-spray system, and is sprayed on the fruit tree canopy after atomization. After the humidity sensor works for 1 to 1.5 hours or detects that the air humidity is higher than the upper limit, the air temperature and humidity sensor sends a signal to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and the air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends a stop signal to all described A programmable controller, the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system, and the air mist micro-spray system stops working.

Further, the wall thickness of the drip irrigation belt of the surface drip irrigation system is 0.4-0.6mm, and the dripper spacing is set to be half of the distance between fruit trees. When the soil moisture content is lower than 60%, the surface drip irrigation system performs irrigation, and the soil moisture content When the rate is higher than 80%, the surface drip irrigation system stops watering.

Further, the lower limit of air humidity is set to 45%-50%, the upper limit is set to 75%-80%, and the upper limit of air temperature is set to 40°C; when the air humidity is lower than the set lower limit or the air temperature is higher than the set When the value is fixed, the mist micro-spray system is started to spray and irrigate to the upper limit of the air humidity or 1 to 1.5 hours, so as to increase the air humidity value for the fruit trees and reduce the temperature at the same time.

Further, the spraying intensity of the centrifugal micro-spray head of the aerial mist micro-spray system is 1.8-2mm/h, the working pressure is 0.2-0.3Mpa, the spraying radius is 2-3m, and the nozzle flow rate is 60-80L/h , The atomization index is 16000～20000H/d, and the diameter of water droplet is 0.1～0.2mm.

Further, the centrifugal micro-sprinklers are arranged in the middle and lower layers of the canopy, and the specific height is set at 1/3 to 1/2 of the canopy height. In order to ensure that the air humidity of the canopy of each tree is at an appropriate level, each One said centrifugal micro-sprinkler head is set in the middle of each tree, and the number of said centrifugal micro-sprinkler heads is consistent with the number of trees.

Further, the intelligent irrigation decision-making system also includes an alarm. When extreme drought conditions are encountered, the alarm is activated, and the fruit trees are sprayed with fulvic acid through the aerial mist micro-spray system. Specifically, when the soil contains water When the rate is lower than 50% to 55% of the field water holding capacity for several consecutive days or the air humidity is lower than 25% to 30% for several consecutive days, spray fulvic acid, the concentration of fulvic acid is 200 to 400mg/L, every Spray 500-600ml each time.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) Economy. Synergistically improve fruit tree yield (water use efficiency) and fruit quality, and improve economic benefits.

2) Practicality. The dual-source three-dimensional irrigation system solves the problem that the independent system cannot satisfy the good growth of fruit trees in areas with extreme climate conditions, and has a wide range of applications and objects.

3) The air humidity of the fruit tree cultivation environment is improved under extreme drought conditions, the transpiration of fruit tree leaves is greatly reduced, and the sustainable development of fruit tree cultivation is realized while avoiding water waste.

4) The intelligent decision-making system is adopted to realize automatic and precise regulation and control of irrigation on time and on demand, which greatly reduces labor intensity and saves labor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a kind of fruit tree water-saving conditioner dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method of the present invention;

The reference signs in the figure are:

1-drip irrigation belt, 2-centrifugal micro-spray head, 3-air mist micro-spray system branch pipe, 4-air temperature and humidity sensor, 5-soil moisture sensor.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Throughout the description of the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. Also, it should be understood that as used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

A water-saving and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees of the present invention mainly uses the surface drip irrigation system and the aerial mist micro-spray system to automatically implement timely water, fertilizer, medicine, and plant growth regulators through an intelligent irrigation decision-making system. regulation. in,

(1) The surface drip irrigation system mainly includes a field pipeline system and a fertilization system. The water and fertilizer in the root zone of fruit trees are replenished in a timely manner through a "small amount of multiple times" method, which not only avoids low yield caused by lack of water and fertilizer, but also avoids fruit damage caused by excessive water and fertilizer. Poor quality, poor flavor and other issues.

(2) The air mist micro-spray system can greatly improve the air humidity of the crown of fruit trees, effectively avoid scorched flowers, achieve the effect of preserving flowers and fruits, and improving fruit quality. Increase the amount of irrigation water, improve water use efficiency, and achieve water-saving effects. In the case of extremely special drought conditions, this system can also be used to spray fulvic acid to ensure the normal growth of fruit trees. The air mist system can greatly increase the air humidity of the fruit tree canopy, combined with the intelligent irrigation decision-making system, reduce labor and greatly improve labor efficiency.

(3) Intelligent irrigation decision-making system mainly includes programmable controller, soil moisture sensor, soil moisture sensor controller, air temperature and humidity sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor controller, pesticide application key, fertilization key, alarm, etc. The program sets the lower limit and upper limit of the air humidity and the upper limit of the air temperature. When the air temperature reaches the upper limit or the air humidity reaches the lower limit, the sprinkler irrigation will be carried out. After 1 to 1.5 hours of spray irrigation or when the air humidity reaches the upper limit, the micro sprinkler irrigation will be stopped. The system Similarly, the upper limit and lower limit of the soil moisture content can be set, and when the soil moisture content reaches the lower limit of crop growth, irrigation is performed until the upper limit of the set soil moisture content is reached. In addition, the above two irrigation processes can also be realized by fixed-time irrigation methods, that is, when the air humidity or soil moisture content reaches the lower limit of irrigation or when the air temperature reaches the upper limit, irrigation is performed, and the irrigation time program is programmed in advance to reach the irrigation time. Automatically stop irrigation after. It should be realized that, according to the same principle, the system can also realize automatic control of spraying and fertilization.

A water-saving conditioning and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees of the present invention selects drip irrigation belts suitable for flow rate, spacing, and wall thickness, and mist micro-spray nozzles suitable for atomization indicators, spraying radius, and nozzle flow rate, and arranges "surface drip irrigation + The irrigation system of the air mist and micro-spray, the working process of the present invention is as follows:

(1) Reasonable control of water and fertilizer in the surface drip irrigation system

Moisture: The wall thickness of the drip irrigation belt of the surface drip irrigation system is preferably 0.4-0.6mm, and the flow rate is selected according to the soil type in each place. The dripper spacing of the surface drip irrigation system is set according to the plant spacing of fruit trees, generally half of the plant spacing is appropriate. The soil moisture content suitable for the growth of fruit trees is 60% to 80% of the field water holding capacity of the soil, that is, irrigation is required when it is lower than 60%, and irrigation is stopped when it is higher than 80%.

Nutrients: Design the fertilization plan according to the soil test formula of the local soil, the target yield and the fertilizer demand of the crops. The fertilizer solution is supplied to the root zone of the fruit tree through the special fertilization pump for drip irrigation. Each drip irrigation is combined with fertilization. The total amount of fertilization is relatively small Conventional fertilization was reduced by 10% to 15%.

The surface drip irrigation system guides the duration of drip irrigation through the soil moisture sensor of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system. During the growth period of fruit trees, the operating time of the surface drip irrigation system is set from 6:00 to 10:00 every day. When the soil moisture content is lower than the lower limit, the soil moisture sensor sends a signal to the soil moisture sensor controller, and the soil moisture sensor controller sends a start signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a start signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system , the surface drip irrigation system starts to work immediately, and the water flows through the entire field pipeline and finally drips to the root zone of the fruit tree. When the soil moisture sensor detects that the soil moisture content is higher than the upper limit, the soil moisture sensor sends a signal to the soil moisture sensor controller. The sensor controller sends a stop signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system, and the surface drip irrigation system stops working.

(2) Air temperature and humidity control of the air mist micro-spray system

Air humidity: According to the growth period of fruit trees, the demand for air humidity in the canopy of fruit trees varies greatly. Generally, the lower limit of air humidity is 45% to 50%, and the upper limit is 75% to 80%.

Temperature: When the temperature is higher than 40°C, the fruit trees will start to suffer from high temperature damage. When the temperature is higher than 40°C, start the mist micro-spray system, irrigate for 1 to 1.5 hours, and perform low-temperature treatment for the fruit trees.

The air mist micro-spray system uses the air temperature and humidity sensor of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system to guide the mist duration. During this time period, when the air temperature and humidity sensor detects that the air humidity is lower than the lower limit or detects that the temperature reaches the set value (40°C), the air temperature and humidity sensor sends a signal to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and the air temperature and humidity sensor controller will The start signal is sent to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a start signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system. The air mist micro-spray system starts to work, and the water enters the centrifugal micro-spray head from the branch pipe of the mist micro-spray system. After atomization, it is sprayed on the canopy of fruit trees. When the air temperature and humidity sensor works for 1 to 1.5 hours or detects that the air humidity is higher than the upper limit, the air temperature and humidity sensor sends a signal to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and the air temperature and humidity sensor controls The controller sends the stop signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system, and the air mist micro-spray system stops working.

(3) The layout of the air mist micro-spray system and the determination of the basic parameters of the centrifugal micro-spray head

In order to avoid scorched fruit trees during the flowering period and obtain the optimal effective flowering rate, the centrifugal micro-sprinkler is set at the middle and lower layers of the canopy, and the specific height can be set at 1/3 to 1/2 of the canopy height. In order to ensure the air humidity of the canopy of each tree, a centrifugal micro-sprinkler is arranged in the middle of each tree, arranged along the row direction of the tree, and the number of centrifugal micro-sprinklers in each row is consistent with the number of trees in each row. By comparing various types of nozzles, the centrifugal micro-spray head with higher atomization degree and uniformity was finally selected. The technical parameters of the centrifugal micro-sprinkler mainly include sprinkling intensity, working pressure, spraying radius, nozzle flow rate, atomization index and water droplet diameter, etc. In order to obtain a suitable atomization effect, select a suitable centrifugal micro-spray head according to the range in Table 1.

Table 1 The range of main technical parameters of the centrifugal micro-sprinkler

Note: According to the row spacing of fruit trees, the spraying radius of centrifugal micro-sprinklers is selected, generally 2.5-3m is appropriate.

When encountering extreme drought conditions, jujube trees can also be sprayed with fulvic acid by means of micro-spraying in the air to ensure the normal life activities of the fruit trees. Specifically, when the soil water content is lower than 50% to 55% of the field water holding capacity for several consecutive days or the air humidity is lower than 25% to 30% for several consecutive days, the alarm will be activated to prompt the spraying of fulvic acid. The concentration of humic acid is 200-400mg/L, spraying 500-600ml each time.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, take Xinjiang jujube as an example, illustrate the working process of a kind of fruit tree water-saving conditioning and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method of the present invention, specifically as follows:

(1) System layout: The surface drip irrigation system mainly includes drip irrigation belt 1, drip irrigation system branch pipes, etc. The aerial mist micro-spray system is arranged in the middle of the tree crown, mainly including centrifugal micro-spray head 2, mist micro-spray system branch pipe 3, intelligent irrigation decision-making system It mainly includes programmable controller, soil moisture sensor 5, soil moisture sensor controller, air temperature and humidity sensor 4, air temperature and humidity sensor controller, erection device, electromagnetic valve (respectively control the surface drip irrigation system and the air mist micro-spray system) etc., the soil moisture sensor 5 and the air temperature and humidity sensor 4 are connected to the intelligent irrigation decision-making system through wireless devices to realize automatic micro-sprinkling irrigation and pesticide application. A centrifugal micro-sprinkler is arranged on each jujube tree, and the height of the arrangement is 1/2 of the tree crown height place.

(2) after jujube tree enters flowering period, when soil moisture sensor 5 detects that soil moisture content is lower than lower limit, transmits start signal to soil moisture sensor controller, and soil moisture sensor controller sends this signal to programmable controller, The programmable controller sends a start signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system, and starts drip irrigation until the soil moisture sensor 5 detects that the soil moisture content reaches the upper limit, then sends a stop signal to the soil moisture sensor controller, and the soil moisture sensor controller will stop the signal Send it to the programmable controller, and then the programmable controller will send the stop signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system to stop the drip irrigation.

At the same time, the air mist micro-spray system is set to the active mode, and the operating time of the system is set at 19:30-22:00 every day. During this time period, when the air temperature and humidity sensor 4 detects that the air humidity is lower than 50%, the The air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends a signal, and the air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends the start signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a start signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system, and the air mist micro-spray system Start to work, the water enters the centrifugal micro-spray head from the branch pipe of the mist micro-spray system, sprays it on the canopy of the fruit tree after atomization, and when the air temperature and humidity sensor 4 detects that the air humidity is higher than 75%, it will emit to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller. signal, the air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends the stop signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system, and the air mist micro-spray system stops working.

(3) The intelligent irrigation decision-making system also includes an alarm. When encountering extreme drought conditions, the jujube trees are sprayed with fulvic acid by micro-spraying in the air. When the soil water content is lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity for 3 consecutive days or the air humidity is lower than 30% for 3 consecutive days, the alarm will be activated to prompt the spraying of fulvic acid, each dosage is 0.5g/plant.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these The modification or replacement does not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for water-saving conditioning and tempering of fruit trees, characterized in that, the method includes setting up a dual-source three-dimensional automatic control fruit tree irrigation system, and the dual-source three-dimensional automatic control fruit tree irrigation system utilizes a surface drip irrigation system and an aerial mist Fog micro-spray system, through the intelligent irrigation decision-making system to automatically adjust water, fertilizer, medicine, and plant growth regulators in a timely manner, among which, The surface drip irrigation system includes a drip irrigation belt and a branch pipe of the drip irrigation system; The air mist micro-spray system includes a centrifugal micro-spray head and a mist micro-spray system branch pipe; The intelligent irrigation decision-making system includes a programmable controller, a soil moisture sensor, a soil moisture sensor controller, an air temperature and humidity sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and also includes an electromagnetic valve for controlling the surface drip irrigation system and controlling the air The electromagnetic valve of the mist micro-spray system, the pre-selected programming of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system sets the upper and lower limits of the soil moisture content, the lower and upper limits of the air humidity, and the upper limit of the air temperature; the soil moisture sensor and the air temperature The humidity sensors are all connected to the intelligent irrigation decision-making system through wireless devices to realize automatic micro-sprinkling irrigation and pesticide application; The working process of the surface drip irrigation system is: the duration of drip irrigation is guided by the soil moisture sensor of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system, and when the soil moisture sensor detects that the soil moisture content is lower than the lower limit set, the soil moisture The sensor transmits a signal to the soil moisture sensor controller, and the soil moisture sensor controller sends an activation signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller transmits an activation signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system. signal, the surface drip irrigation system starts to work immediately, and the water flows through the entire field pipeline and finally drips to the root zone of the fruit tree. When the soil moisture sensor detects that the soil moisture content reaches the set upper limit, the soil moisture sensor sends The soil moisture sensor controller sends a signal, and the soil moisture sensor controller sends a stop signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the surface drip irrigation system, so The above-mentioned surface drip irrigation system stops working; The working process of the air mist micro-spray system is as follows: the duration of the mist micro-spray is guided by the air temperature and humidity sensor of the intelligent irrigation decision-making system. When the air temperature and humidity sensor detects that the air humidity is lower than the lower limit or detects When the temperature reaches the set value, the air temperature and humidity sensor sends a signal to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and the air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends a start signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable The controller sends an activation signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the mist mist spray system in the air, the mist spray system in the air starts to work, water enters the centrifugal micro spray head from the branch pipe of the mist spray system, and passes through Spray on the fruit tree canopy after atomization, when the air temperature and humidity sensor works for 1 to 1.5 hours or detects that the air humidity is higher than the upper limit, the air temperature and humidity sensor sends a signal to the air temperature and humidity sensor controller, and the The air temperature and humidity sensor controller sends a stop signal to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller sends a closing signal to the electromagnetic valve controlling the air mist micro-spray system, and the air mist micro-spray system The system stops working. 2. The water-saving, conditioning and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of the drip irrigation zone of the surface drip irrigation system is 0.4 to 0.6 mm, and the distance between drippers is set as the distance between rows of fruit trees When the soil moisture content is lower than 60%, the surface drip irrigation system performs irrigation, and when the soil moisture content is higher than 80%, the surface drip irrigation system stops irrigation. 3. The water-saving conditioning and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the air humidity lower limit is set at 45% to 50%, the upper limit is set at 75% to 80%, and the air temperature upper limit is set at It is set at 40°C; when the air humidity is lower than the set lower limit or the air temperature is higher than the set value, start the mist micro-spray system to spray and irrigate to the air humidity set upper limit or 1 to 1.5 hours, for fruit trees Increase the air humidity value while cooling down. 4. The water-saving conditioning and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray irrigation intensity of the centrifugal micro-spray head of the aerial mist micro-spray system is 1.8 to 2 mm/h, and the working pressure The spraying radius is 0.2-0.3Mpa, the spraying radius is 2-3m, the nozzle flow rate is 60-80L/h, the atomization index is 16000-20000H/d, and the droplet diameter is 0.1-0.2mm. 5. The water-saving, tempering and dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 4, wherein the centrifugal micro-sprinklers are set at the middle and lower layers of the canopy, and the specific height is set at 1/3-1 of the canopy height. /2, in order to ensure that the canopy air humidity of each tree is at a suitable level, a centrifugal micro-sprinkler is arranged in the middle of each tree, and the number of the centrifugal micro-sprinklers is consistent with the number of trees. 6. The water-saving, conditioning and tempering dual-source three-dimensional irrigation method for fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent irrigation decision-making system also includes an alarm, and when extreme drought conditions are encountered, the alarm is activated to pass through the The air mist micro-spray system is used to spray fulvic acid to fruit trees, specifically, when the soil moisture content is lower than 50% to 55% of the field water holding capacity for several consecutive days or the air humidity is lower than 25% to 30% for several consecutive days , Carry out the spraying of fulvic acid, the concentration of fulvic acid is 200-400mg/L, spray 500-600ml each time.