CN108023358A - A kind of power grid frequency modulation system and method based on electrolytic hydrogen production - Google Patents
A kind of power grid frequency modulation system and method based on electrolytic hydrogen production Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于电解制氢的电网调频系统和方法，该调频系统包括电网调度平台、位于发电侧和/或负荷侧的调频控制模块以及调节单元，调节单元包括电解制氢装置和氢气储存装置，电网调度平台配置地用于检测电网频率变化，根据电网调频指令和电网负荷需求变化，进行发电量或耗电量负荷控制，使得电网频率稳定在一定数值；调频控制模块配置地用于响应负荷变化指令，控制电解制氢装置的耗电量，从而调节发电侧的发电厂发电量或负荷侧的耗电负荷。本发明可实现供电功率可以从50％负荷到100％随意随时的快速变动，实现电网的调频服务。
The invention discloses a power grid frequency regulation system and method based on electrolytic hydrogen production. The frequency regulation system includes a power grid dispatching platform, a frequency regulation control module located on the power generation side and/or load side, and an adjustment unit. The adjustment unit includes an electrolytic hydrogen production device and a hydrogen storage The device, the power grid dispatching platform is configured to detect changes in the frequency of the power grid, and to control the power generation or power consumption load according to the frequency regulation command of the power grid and the change in the load demand of the power grid, so that the frequency of the power grid is stabilized at a certain value; the frequency modulation control module is configured to respond The load change command controls the power consumption of the electrolytic hydrogen production device, thereby adjusting the power generation of the power plant on the power generation side or the power consumption load on the load side. The invention can realize the rapid change of the power supply power from 50% load to 100% at any time and realize the frequency regulation service of the power grid.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电网调频领域，具体是一种基于电解制氢的电网调频系统和方法。The invention relates to the field of power grid frequency regulation, in particular to a power grid frequency regulation system and method based on electrolytic hydrogen production.
背景技术Background technique
近年来随着中国国民经济的飞速发展，人们对电力的需求也急剧增加，峰谷差日益增大。中国电力供应峰谷比约为10/0.7，远高于一般发展中国家的平均水平的1/0.63，比美国1/0.25的峰谷比高得多，因此中国发电厂中发电机组的调峰任务艰巨。In recent years, with the rapid development of China's national economy, people's demand for electricity has also increased sharply, and the peak-to-valley difference has increased day by day. The peak-to-valley ratio of China's power supply is about 10/0.7, which is much higher than the average level of 1/0.63 in developing countries, and much higher than the peak-to-valley ratio of 1/0.25 in the United States. Therefore, the peak shaving of generating units in Chinese power plants The task is daunting.
发电机组的调频能力是维护电网功率平衡和安全稳定的第一道重要屏障，其调节能力和性能对电网的动态稳定性显得尤为重要。此外，由于风能、核能等电源的飞速发展，相对降低了电网的自调节能力，大规模接入的风电机组甚至引入了额外的随机功率扰动，使电网稳定性进一步恶化。合理规范并监测机组调频参数和性能，保障机组良好的调频能力，对电网的安全稳定运行和未来智能电网环境下的优化调度具有重要的意义。目前火力发电厂中发电机组的自动发电控制(Automatic Gain Control，简称AGC)、调频性能是发电机组涉网性能中的2个重要方面，其中，自动发电(AGC)控制是能量管理系统(EMS)的重要组成部分，其主要是按电网高度中心的控制目标将指令发送给有关发电厂或机组，通过电厂或机组的自动控制调节装置，实现对发电机功率的自动控制。我国的调频电源主要为火电机组，其缺点是响应时滞长、机组爬坡速率低，不能准确跟踪自动发电(AGC)控制指令，有时甚至会造成对区域控制误差的反方向调节；同时，由于一次调频死区等非线性环节的存在，传统的AGC线性模型控制方式不能实现良好的动态调节性能。火电机组性能不同则其响应速率不同，造成调节效果千差万别，因此若需增加系统调节容量，也并非大量增加调频火电机组为好。目前发电机组主要通过锅炉、汽轮机的协调控制，依靠增、减燃料量，开大或关小汽轮机调门来响应电网的需求，但是由于锅炉存在迟延，机组负荷响应始终存在局限性，此外，汽轮机为确保有调节裕量，调门也无法保持全开状态，限制了调节的深度。The frequency regulation ability of generator sets is the first important barrier to maintain the power balance and safety and stability of the power grid, and its regulation ability and performance are particularly important for the dynamic stability of the power grid. In addition, due to the rapid development of wind energy, nuclear energy and other power sources, the self-regulation ability of the power grid has been relatively reduced, and the large-scale connected wind turbines have even introduced additional random power disturbances, further deteriorating the stability of the power grid. Reasonably standardize and monitor the frequency regulation parameters and performance of the unit to ensure the good frequency regulation capability of the unit is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the optimal dispatch in the future smart grid environment. At present, the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and frequency modulation performance of the generator set in thermal power plants are two important aspects of the grid-related performance of the generator set. Among them, the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) control is the energy management system (EMS) It is an important part of the system, which mainly sends instructions to relevant power plants or units according to the control target of the power grid height center, and realizes automatic control of generator power through the automatic control and adjustment device of the power plant or unit. my country's frequency-modulated power sources are mainly thermal power units, which have the disadvantages of long response time lag, low unit ramp rate, inability to accurately track automatic generation (AGC) control commands, and sometimes even cause reverse adjustment of regional control errors; at the same time, due to Due to the existence of nonlinear links such as primary frequency modulation dead zone, the traditional AGC linear model control method cannot achieve good dynamic adjustment performance. Different thermal power units have different response rates, resulting in widely varying regulation effects. Therefore, if the system regulation capacity needs to be increased, it is not advisable to increase the number of frequency-regulated thermal power units. At present, the generator set mainly responds to the demand of the power grid through the coordinated control of the boiler and the steam turbine, relying on increasing or decreasing the amount of fuel, and opening or closing the valve of the steam turbine to respond to the demand of the power grid. However, due to the delay of the boiler, the load response of the unit has always been limited. In addition, the steam turbine is Ensure that there is an adjustment margin, and the adjustment door cannot be kept fully open, which limits the depth of adjustment.
目前大多数发电厂采用数字式电液(DEH)控制系统，为了负荷的稳定和考核的需要，避免发电机组随频率变动而频繁进行调节，影响负荷的稳定，将汽轮机转速调节系统的一次调频死区设置的比较大，一次调频的作用几乎不存在，使得电网的频率主要靠二次调频来维持。研究表明，在突发性事故和大的负荷(功率)扰动时，很多机组尽管具有调节负荷的能力，但对频率偏差的调频响应几乎为零，此时就会出现频率大幅度波动甚至发生系统崩溃的恶性事故。At present, most power plants adopt digital electro-hydraulic (DEH) control system. In order to stabilize the load and the needs of assessment, avoid frequent adjustment of the generator set with frequency changes, which will affect the stability of the load. The area setting is relatively large, and the effect of primary frequency regulation is almost non-existent, so that the frequency of the power grid is mainly maintained by secondary frequency regulation. Studies have shown that in sudden accidents and large load (power) disturbances, although many units have the ability to adjust the load, the frequency modulation response to the frequency deviation is almost zero, and at this time there will be large frequency fluctuations and even system failures A catastrophic accident of a crash.
近年来，随着清洁能源发电需求的日益增长，氢气逐渐成为电能存储的理想载体。电解水制氢是一种高效、清洁的制氢技术，其制氢工艺简单，产品纯度高，氢气、氧气纯度一般可达99.9％，是最有潜力的大规模制氢技术。通过将清洁能源发电经过电解水制氢技术，将清洁能源产生的电能转化为氢能进行储存，并且根据实际需要，还可通过后续化工过程将氢能转化为甲烷、甲醇及其他液态燃料等。In recent years, with the increasing demand for clean energy power generation, hydrogen has gradually become an ideal carrier for electrical energy storage. Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is an efficient and clean hydrogen production technology. The hydrogen production process is simple and the product purity is high. The purity of hydrogen and oxygen can generally reach 99.9%. It is the most potential large-scale hydrogen production technology. Through the hydrogen production technology of clean energy power generation through electrolysis of water, the electric energy generated by clean energy is converted into hydrogen energy for storage, and according to actual needs, hydrogen energy can also be converted into methane, methanol and other liquid fuels through subsequent chemical processes.
目前我国氢气年产量已逾千万吨规模，位居世界第一。工业规模的制氢方法主要包括甲烷蒸汽重整和电解水制氢，其中电解水制氢的产量约占世界氢气总产量4％。尽管甲烷蒸汽重整是目前最经济的制氢方法，但其在生产过程中不仅消耗大量化石燃料，而且产生大量二氧化碳。电解水制氢工艺过程简单，产品纯度高，通过采用清洁能源作为能量来源，可现氢气的高效、清洁、大规模制备，该技术也可以用于CO2的减排和转化，具有较为广阔的发展前景。At present, my country's annual hydrogen production has exceeded 10 million tons, ranking first in the world. Industrial-scale hydrogen production methods mainly include methane steam reforming and electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, of which the production of hydrogen from electrolysis of water accounts for about 4% of the world's total hydrogen production. Although steam reforming of methane is currently the most economical method for producing hydrogen, it not only consumes a large amount of fossil fuels but also produces a large amount of carbon dioxide in the production process. The hydrogen production process of electrolyzed water is simple, and the product purity is high. By using clean energy as the energy source, hydrogen can be produced efficiently, cleanly and on a large scale. This technology can also be used for CO2 emission reduction and conversion, and has a relatively broad development prospect.
目前的电解水制氢方法主要有三种：碱性电解水制氢，固体聚合物电解水制氢，及高温固体氧化物电解水制氢。碱性电解水制氢是目前非常成熟的制氢方法，目前为止，工业上大规模的电解水制氢基本上都是采用碱性电解制氢技术，该方法工艺过程简单，易于操作。电解制氢的主要能耗为电能，每立方米氢气电耗约为4.5～5.5kWh，电费占整个电解制氢生产成本的80％左右。因此，电解水制氢技术特别适用于风力发电等清洁能源发电的能源载体。At present, there are three main methods of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water: alkaline electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, solid polymer electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, and high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis of water is a very mature hydrogen production method at present. So far, industrial large-scale hydrogen production by electrolysis of water basically adopts alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production technology. The process of this method is simple and easy to operate. The main energy consumption of electrolytic hydrogen production is electric energy, and the power consumption per cubic meter of hydrogen is about 4.5-5.5kWh, and the electricity cost accounts for about 80% of the entire production cost of electrolytic hydrogen production. Therefore, the hydrogen production technology of electrolyzed water is especially suitable for the energy carrier of clean energy generation such as wind power generation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种基于电解制氢的电网调频系统和方法。In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a power grid frequency regulation system and method based on electrolytic hydrogen production.
为解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
本发明提供一种基于电解制氢的电网调频系统，其包括电网调度平台、位于发电侧和/或负荷侧的调频控制模块以及调节单元，调节单元包括电解制氢装置和氢气储存装置，其中：电网调度平台配置地用于检测电网频率变化，根据电网调频指令和电网负荷需求变化，进行发电量或耗电量负荷控制，使得电网频率稳定在一定数值；调频控制模块配置地用于响应负荷变化指令，控制电解制氢装置的耗电量，从而调节发电侧的发电厂发电量或者负荷侧的耗电负荷。The present invention provides a power grid frequency regulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production, which includes a power grid dispatching platform, a frequency modulation control module located on the power generation side and/or load side, and an adjustment unit. The adjustment unit includes an electrolytic hydrogen production device and a hydrogen storage device, wherein: The grid dispatching platform is configured to detect changes in grid frequency, and to control power generation or power consumption loads according to grid frequency regulation instructions and grid load demand changes, so that the grid frequency is stabilized at a certain value; the frequency modulation control module is configured to respond to load changes Instructions to control the power consumption of the electrolytic hydrogen production device, so as to adjust the power generation of the power plant on the power generation side or the power consumption load on the load side.
作为优选，位于发电侧和/或负荷侧的电解制氢装置产生的氢气直接燃烧发电或者被输送至氢气储存装置中储存。Preferably, the hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production device located on the power generation side and/or the load side is directly combusted to generate electricity or transported to a hydrogen storage device for storage.
作为优选，产生的氢气还用于供应加氢站、供应天然气管网或者作为燃料用于供热。Preferably, the generated hydrogen is also used to supply hydrogen refueling stations, supply natural gas pipeline network or be used as fuel for heating.
作为优选，位于发电侧的电解制氢装置与发电侧电源接线相连接，发电侧电源接线连接至发电机组，发电机组通过调频余电为电解制氢装置提供电力供应。Preferably, the electrolytic hydrogen production device on the power generation side is connected to the power supply wiring on the power generation side, and the power supply wiring on the power generation side is connected to a generator set, and the generator set provides power supply for the electrolytic hydrogen production device through frequency modulation surplus electricity.
作为优选，调频余电来自发电机组的电力输出口、升压站后经过降压供电或者发电厂内的厂变系统。Preferably, the frequency modulation residual power comes from the power output port of the generator set, the step-up station, and then through the step-down power supply or the factory transformation system in the power plant.
作为优选，电解制氢装置是碱性水溶液电解制氢槽、质子膜电解槽、固体聚合物电解槽或高温固体氧化物电解槽中的至少一种。Preferably, the electrolytic hydrogen production device is at least one of an alkaline aqueous solution electrolytic hydrogen production cell, a proton membrane electrolytic cell, a solid polymer electrolytic cell or a high-temperature solid oxide electrolytic cell.
作为优选，氢气储存装置将氢气以氢油形式、高压气态形式、超低温液氢形式中至少一种进行存储。Preferably, the hydrogen storage device stores hydrogen in at least one of hydrogen oil, high-pressure gaseous, and ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen.
作为优选，还包括燃料电池发电装置，其配置地用于在电网调度平台发布升负荷指令时提供电能。Preferably, a fuel cell power generation device is also included, which is configured to provide electric energy when the power grid dispatching platform issues a load increase command.
作为优选，燃料电池发电装置是高分子电解质膜、碱性、磷酸、熔融碳酸盐或固体氧化物燃料电池中的至少一种。Preferably, the fuel cell power generation device is at least one of polymer electrolyte membrane, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cells.
为解决上述问题，本发明还提供一种基于电解制氢的电网调频方法，其采用上述任一项技术方案中的电网调频系统，当电网调度平台发布降发电负荷增耗电负荷指令时，调频控制模块控制电解制氢装置供电增加，从而在发电侧减小发电厂发电量，在负荷侧增加耗电负荷；当电网调度平台发布升发电负荷降耗电负荷指令时，调频控制模块控制电解制氢装置供电减小，从而在发电侧增加发电厂发电量，在负荷侧减小耗电负荷。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a power grid frequency regulation method based on electrolytic hydrogen production, which adopts the power grid frequency regulation system in any of the above technical solutions, and when the power grid dispatching platform issues an instruction to reduce power generation load and increase power consumption load The control module controls the power supply of the electrolytic hydrogen production device to increase, thereby reducing the power generation of the power plant on the power generation side and increasing the power consumption load on the load side; The power supply of the hydrogen device is reduced, thereby increasing the power generation capacity of the power plant on the power generation side and reducing the power consumption load on the load side.
本发明涉及的基于电解制氢的电网调频系统和方法直接减小了火电厂的上网电量，为电网全年提供调峰负荷，间接利用了弃风弃光弃水弃核电力，缓解了电网平衡和峰谷差问题，将电解制氢制氧设备生产的氢气和部分氧气送入煤粉锅炉燃烧，可以实现大型火电机组锅炉的低负荷稳燃，从而提高锅炉低负荷调峰的负荷范围，加大火电机组的调峰能力，采用电解制氢装置的耗电量可以实现无极调节，即其供电功率可以从50％负荷到100％随意随时的快速变动，可以实现电网的调频服务。The power grid frequency regulation system and method based on electrolytic hydrogen production in the present invention directly reduces the on-grid power of thermal power plants, provides peak load for the power grid throughout the year, indirectly utilizes abandoned wind, light, water, and nuclear power, and eases the balance of the power grid To solve the problem of peak-to-valley difference, the hydrogen and part of the oxygen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production and oxygen production equipment are sent to the pulverized coal boiler for combustion, which can realize the low-load stable combustion of the large-scale thermal power unit boiler, thereby increasing the load range of the boiler's low-load peak regulation, and accelerating The peak-shaving capacity of large thermal power units can be adjusted steplessly by using the electrolytic hydrogen production device, that is, its power supply can be changed rapidly at any time from 50% load to 100%, and frequency modulation services for the power grid can be realized.
本发明的基于电解制氢的电网调频系统在负荷侧应用可以与未来的加氢站或负荷侧调频站相结合，利用调频电负荷生产的氢气既可以用于燃料电池汽车，也可以用于分户燃料电池热电联产小机组，还可以打入城市天然气管道，还可以用于氢气燃烧锅炉满足负荷侧供暖需求。The grid frequency regulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production of the present invention can be combined with future hydrogen refueling stations or load-side frequency regulation stations when applied on the load side. Household fuel cell heat and power cogeneration small units can also be connected to urban natural gas pipelines, and can also be used in hydrogen combustion boilers to meet the heating demand of the load side.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明涉及的基于电解制氢的电网调频系统的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power grid frequency regulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production involved in the present invention.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1、电网调度平台；2、电解制氢装置；3、氢气储存装置；4、燃料电池发电装置；5、发电侧电源接线；6、负荷侧电网接线；7、AGC调频控制模块；8、负荷侧调频控制模块。1. Power grid dispatching platform; 2. Electrolytic hydrogen production device; 3. Hydrogen storage device; 4. Fuel cell power generation device; 5. Power connection on the power generation side; 6. Power grid connection on the load side; Side FM control module.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明涉及的基于电解制氢的电网调频系统运用在火力发电厂中，在火力发电厂中设有煤粉锅炉、汽轮机和发电机组，本发明的主要思路是通过将电解制氢技术分别运用在火力发电厂的发电侧和负荷侧，利用电解制氢装置耗电负荷的变化，一般是电解制氢槽的耗电负荷的变化满足电网快速的调频辅助服务需求。The power grid frequency modulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production involved in the present invention is used in thermal power plants, which are equipped with pulverized coal boilers, steam turbines and generator sets. The main idea of the present invention is to use the electrolytic hydrogen production technology in The power generation side and load side of the thermal power plant use the change of the power consumption load of the electrolytic hydrogen production device, generally the change of the power consumption load of the electrolytic hydrogen production tank to meet the rapid frequency regulation auxiliary service demand of the power grid.
实施例1：Example 1:
如图1所示，图1示出了一种运用在火电厂内的基于电解制氢的电网调频系统的示意图。下面根据具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细介绍。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power grid frequency regulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production used in a thermal power plant. The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below according to specific embodiments.
本实施例涉及的基于电解制氢的电网调频系统包括电网调度平台1以及调节单元，该调节单元可以置于发电侧，也可以置于负荷侧，还可以在发电侧和负荷侧都进行布置，电网调度平台1配置地用于在一定区域内针对位于发电侧的发电站和位于负荷侧的耗电用户终端发布电网调频指令，具体地，电网调度平台1配置地用于检测电网频率变化，根据电网调频指令和电网负荷需求变化，进行发电侧的发电厂发电量或负荷侧的耗电量负荷控制，使得电网频率稳定在一定数值，实现对电网的调频辅助服务。The power grid frequency regulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production involved in this embodiment includes a power grid dispatching platform 1 and a regulating unit, the regulating unit can be placed on the power generation side, can also be placed on the load side, and can also be arranged on both the power generation side and the load side, The power grid dispatching platform 1 is configured to issue power grid frequency regulation commands to power stations on the power generation side and power consumption user terminals on the load side in a certain area. Specifically, the power grid dispatching platform 1 is configured to detect grid frequency changes. According to The power grid frequency regulation command and the change of the grid load demand control the power generation of the power plant on the power generation side or the power consumption load on the load side, so that the grid frequency is stabilized at a certain value, and the frequency modulation auxiliary service for the grid is realized.
下面，在本实施例中，以位于发电侧的调节单元为例介绍调节单元的构成以及具体说明如何进行发电量调节，可以说，无论位于发电侧还是负荷侧，调节单元均包括电解制氢装置2和氢气储存装置3，其中，电解制氢装置2可以是电解制氢槽，优选可采用碱性水溶液电解制氢槽、质子膜电解槽、固体聚合物电解槽或高温固体氧化物电解槽中的至少一种。Next, in this embodiment, the regulation unit located on the power generation side is used as an example to introduce the composition of the regulation unit and specifically explain how to regulate the power generation. 2 and a hydrogen storage device 3, wherein the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 can be an electrolytic hydrogen production tank, preferably an alkaline aqueous solution electrolytic hydrogen production tank, a proton membrane electrolyzer, a solid polymer electrolyzer or a high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer at least one of .
在火电发电厂的发电侧，电解制氢装置2与发电侧电源接线5相连接，该发电侧电源接线5连接至发电侧的发电机组，发电机组通过调频余电为电解制氢装置2提供电力供应以用于电解水制氢的实现，这种电力供应例如可以直接来自发电厂中发电机组的电力输出口，也可以来自升压站后经过降压供电，也可以来自发电厂内的厂变系统。On the power generation side of the thermal power plant, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 is connected to the power supply connection 5 on the power generation side, and the power supply connection 5 on the power generation side is connected to the generator set on the power generation side, and the generator set provides power for the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 through frequency modulation surplus electricity Supply for the realization of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. This kind of power supply can come directly from the power output port of the generator set in the power plant, or from the step-up station after step-down power supply, or from the factory transformer in the power plant. system.
此外，一般在发电侧和负荷侧均设有调频控制模块，电网调度平台1通过调频控制模块在一定区域内针对位于发电侧的发电站和/或负荷侧的耗电用户终端发布电网调频指令，目的是使整体电网的频率稳定在一定范围内，例如稳定在50HZ+-0.33HZ范围内。其中，在本实施例中的发电侧，设置有AGC调频控制模块7，AGC调频控制模块7配置地用于响应负荷变化指令，控制电解制氢装置2的运行，从而调整耗电量和发电量。In addition, frequency modulation control modules are generally installed on both the power generation side and the load side. The power grid dispatching platform 1 issues power grid frequency modulation commands to the power stations on the power generation side and/or power-consuming user terminals on the load side in a certain area through the frequency modulation control module. The purpose is to stabilize the frequency of the overall power grid within a certain range, for example within the range of 50HZ+-0.33HZ. Among them, on the power generation side in this embodiment, an AGC frequency modulation control module 7 is provided, and the AGC frequency modulation control module 7 is configured to respond to load change instructions and control the operation of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, thereby adjusting power consumption and power generation .
总的来说，电网调度平台1通过控制发电侧的电解制氢装置2和氢气储存装置3，能够使得电网频率稳定在一定数值。具体而言，本实施例中，当通过位于发电侧的调节单元进行发电侧调节时，为了使得电网频率稳定在一定数值，在电网运行中需要快速减少发电负荷时，也就是接收到降发电负荷增耗电负荷指令时，例如在夜间用电低谷期，此时电网向耗电用户终端提供低谷电，电网调度平台1根据实际需求发出火电发电厂减小负荷指令，AGC调频控制模块7实时地采集氢气储存装置3的状态和发电机组的运行状态，同时向电解制氢装置2发出启动信号，电网调度平台1通过AGC调频控制模块7控制发电厂的发电机组将调峰余电向发电侧的电解制氢装置2供电增加，也就是增加耗电量从而减小电厂发电量，此外，电解制氢装置2还通过电解水反应产生大量的氢气，同时结合外部提供的氧气，根据实际需要，将所产生氢气的一部分(可以是小部分)和氧气输送至发电厂中的煤粉锅炉的炉膛内进行燃烧，从而同时实现在夜间低谷电时段煤粉锅炉的低负荷稳燃运行，所产生氢气的另一部分(可以是大部分)被输送至氢气储存装置3进行能量缓冲储存，从而实现发电机组的负荷跟随自动发电控制指令变化；在电网运行中需要快速增加发电负荷时，也就是接收到升发电负荷降耗电负荷指令时，例如在白天的用电高峰期，由于耗电用户的电力需求处于高峰时段，电网调度平台1根据实际需求发出火电发电厂增加负荷指令，AGC调频控制模块7实时地采集氢气储存装置3的状态和发电机组的运行状态，，发电侧的AGC调频控制模块7控制对电解制氢装置2供电减小，通过减小电解制氢装置2的用电负荷，也就是耗电量减小从而增加发电厂发电量，从而在白天增加整个发电机组的发电量和上网电量，这样，通过电解制氢装置2和氢气储存装置3的快速投切和升降负荷，使得发电侧的发电功率和负荷侧的用电功率保持平衡，保证电网频率稳定在一定程度，满足电网快速的调频辅助服务需求。In general, the grid dispatching platform 1 can stabilize the grid frequency at a certain value by controlling the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 and the hydrogen storage device 3 on the power generation side. Specifically, in this embodiment, when the adjustment unit on the power generation side is used to regulate the power generation side, in order to stabilize the frequency of the power grid at a certain value, when it is necessary to quickly reduce the power generation load during power grid operation, that is, when the power generation load reduction is received When the power consumption load command is increased, for example, during the low power consumption period at night, when the power grid provides low power consumption to the power consumption user terminal, the power grid dispatching platform 1 issues a thermal power plant load reduction command according to the actual demand, and the AGC frequency modulation control module 7 real-time Collect the state of the hydrogen storage device 3 and the operating state of the generator set, and at the same time send a start signal to the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, and the power grid dispatching platform 1 controls the generator set of the power plant through the AGC frequency modulation control module 7 to transfer the peak-shaving surplus power to the power generation side. The power supply of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 increases, that is, the power consumption is increased to reduce the power generation of the power plant. In addition, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 also generates a large amount of hydrogen through the electrolysis of water. A part (may be a small part) of the generated hydrogen and oxygen are transported to the furnace of the pulverized coal boiler in the power plant for combustion, so as to realize the low-load stable combustion operation of the pulverized coal boiler during the low-valley electricity period at night, and the produced hydrogen The other part (maybe most of it) is sent to the hydrogen storage device 3 for energy buffer storage, so that the load of the generating set follows the automatic power generation control command change; When the load is reduced and the power consumption load command is used, for example, during the peak period of power consumption during the day, because the power demand of the power-consuming users is in the peak period, the power grid dispatching platform 1 issues a command to increase the load of the thermal power plant according to the actual demand, and the AGC frequency modulation control module 7 real-time Collect the state of the hydrogen storage device 3 and the operating state of the generator set. The AGC frequency modulation control module 7 on the power generation side controls the reduction of power supply to the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2. By reducing the power load of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, that is, the power consumption The reduction of power increases the power generation of the power plant, thereby increasing the power generation of the entire generator set and the grid-connected power during the day. In this way, through the rapid switching and lifting of the load of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 and the hydrogen storage device 3, the power generation side The generated power and the power consumption on the load side are kept in balance to ensure that the frequency of the power grid is stable to a certain extent, and to meet the needs of the power grid for rapid frequency regulation auxiliary services.
其中，在将氢气和氧气通入煤粉锅炉时，可采用多燃料燃烧器，其实现了氢气和氧气分别进入煤粉锅炉炉膛进行助燃和稳燃，而且此燃烧器还可以用于其他气体燃料如生物质气和天然气引入煤粉锅炉燃烧，从而真正实现火电厂燃料的灵活性。Among them, when passing hydrogen and oxygen into the pulverized coal boiler, a multi-fuel burner can be used, which realizes that hydrogen and oxygen enter the furnace of the pulverized coal boiler respectively for combustion-supporting and stable combustion, and this burner can also be used for other gas fuels For example, biomass gas and natural gas are introduced into pulverized coal boilers for combustion, so as to truly realize the flexibility of fuel in thermal power plants.
考虑到本实施例通过设置电解制氢装置2基于电网负荷的变化而提供氢能，需要说明的是，因此，电解制氢装置2能够通过外部供电进行电解水的反应并产生氢气，一般来说，电解制氢装置2设有用于与位于发电侧的发电机组中的供电装置连接的电源端，即以发电机组中供电装置的输出电量为电源进行电解水操作。在结构上，电解制氢装置2可采用现有技术中任何类型的制氢装置，只要能够通过电解水反应获得氢气即可。电解制氢装置2产生的氢气和外部提供的氧气共同被送到火力发电厂中的煤粉锅炉内进行燃烧，实现大型火力发电厂的煤粉锅炉的低负荷稳燃，从而提高锅炉低负荷调峰的复核范围，加大火电发电厂中发电机组的调峰能力。需要额外说明的是，这里可以采用现有技术中任何类型的制氧设备产生并获得氧气。Considering that this embodiment provides hydrogen energy based on the change of grid load by setting the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, it should be noted that, therefore, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 can perform the reaction of electrolyzing water and generate hydrogen through external power supply, generally speaking The electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 is provided with a power supply terminal for connecting with the power supply device in the generator set on the power generation side, that is, the water electrolysis operation is performed using the output power of the power supply device in the generator set as the power supply. Structurally, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 can adopt any type of hydrogen production device in the prior art, as long as hydrogen gas can be obtained through electrolysis of water. The hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 and the oxygen provided from the outside are sent to the pulverized coal boiler in the thermal power plant for combustion, so as to realize the low-load stable combustion of the pulverized coal boiler in the large-scale thermal power plant, thereby improving the low-load regulation of the boiler. The review scope of the peak, increase the peak shaving capacity of the generating units in the thermal power plant. It should be noted that any type of oxygen generating equipment in the prior art can be used here to generate and obtain oxygen.
氢气储存装置3配置地用于暂时储存电解制氢装置2产生的氢气以实现能量储存。可以了解的是，氢气可通过多种方式进行存储，例如以氢油的形式存储，或以高压气态存储，或以超低温液氢方式存储。当以氢油形式存储时，具体地，首先由电解制氢装置2制备氢气，制备得到的氢气通过与有机溶剂混合，在催化剂的作用下进行加氢处理，形成携带氢气的有机溶剂，即氢油，并存在在氢气储存装置3中。The hydrogen storage device 3 is configured to temporarily store the hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 to realize energy storage. It is understood that hydrogen can be stored in a variety of ways, such as in the form of hydrogen oil, or in a high-pressure gaseous state, or in the form of ultra-low temperature liquid hydrogen. When stored in the form of hydrogen oil, specifically, hydrogen is first prepared by the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, and the prepared hydrogen is mixed with an organic solvent and subjected to hydrogenation treatment under the action of a catalyst to form an organic solvent carrying hydrogen, that is, hydrogen oil, and exists in the hydrogen storage device 3.
综上所述，参与调频辅助服务的位于发电侧的发电机组利用电解制氢装置2和氢气储存装置3按照电网调频的要求能够快速增减负荷，从而实现电网的调频辅助服务，最终获得电网的调频服务收益。此外，采用了电解制氢装置2和氢气储存装置3也使得根据自动发电控制指令进行调频响应的时间大为缩短。To sum up, the generator set on the power generation side participating in the frequency regulation auxiliary service can quickly increase or decrease the load according to the requirements of the power grid frequency regulation by using the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 and the hydrogen storage device 3, so as to realize the frequency regulation auxiliary service of the power grid, and finally obtain the power of the power grid. FM service income. In addition, the use of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 and the hydrogen storage device 3 also greatly shortens the time for frequency modulation response according to the automatic power generation control command.
实施例2Example 2
如图1所示，本设施例与实施例1基本构成类似，区别在于，在基于电解制氢的电网调频系统中，在发电侧还设有燃料电池发电装置4，具体地通过控制燃料电池发电装置4增加发电量，也就是说，在本实施例中，电解制氢装置2还可以结合燃料电池发电装置4实现发电调频。更为具体地，在火力发电厂内可以将燃料电池发电装置4与电厂侧电源接线5相连接，在负荷侧燃料电池发电装置4通过与负荷侧电网接线6连接而接入至电网。As shown in Figure 1, the basic structure of this facility example is similar to that of Example 1, the difference is that in the power grid frequency regulation system based on electrolytic hydrogen production, a fuel cell power generation device 4 is also installed on the power generation side, specifically by controlling the fuel cell power generation The device 4 increases the amount of power generation, that is to say, in this embodiment, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 can also be combined with the fuel cell power generation device 4 to realize frequency regulation of power generation. More specifically, in the thermal power plant, the fuel cell power generation device 4 can be connected to the power supply connection 5 at the power plant side, and at the load side, the fuel cell power generation device 4 is connected to the power grid by connecting to the load side power grid connection 6 .
在本实施例中，燃料电池发电装置4可以是高分子电解质膜、碱性、磷酸、熔融碳酸盐或固体氧化物燃料电池中的至少一种。In this embodiment, the fuel cell power generation device 4 may be at least one of polymer electrolyte membrane, alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cells.
本实施例中，由于设置了燃料电池发电装置4，使得在白天的用电高峰期，在减小电解制氢装置2的用电负荷的基础上，氢气储存装置3储存的氢气的至少一部分被输入燃料电池发电装置4中以进行反应产生电能，进一步增加发电厂发电量，从而在白天增加整个发电机组的发电量和上网电量。In this embodiment, due to the installation of the fuel cell power generation device 4, at least a part of the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device 3 is stored in the hydrogen storage device 3 on the basis of reducing the power load of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 during the peak period of power consumption during the day. Input into the fuel cell power generation device 4 to react to generate electric energy, further increase the power generation of the power plant, thereby increasing the power generation of the entire generator set and the grid-connected power during the day.
实施例3：Example 3:
如图1所示，本设施例与实施例1基本构成类似，其区别在于在负荷侧设置负荷侧调频控制模块8以及调节单元，其中，负荷侧调频控制模块8用于响应负荷变化指令，控制电解制氢装置2的运行，调整负荷侧的用电负荷，，使得电网频率保持一定水平。其中，在负荷侧，电解制氢装置2与负荷侧电网接线6相连接，该负荷侧电网接线6连接至电网，电网为电解制氢装置2提供电力以用于电解水制氢的实现。As shown in Figure 1, the basic structure of this facility example is similar to that of Embodiment 1, and the difference is that a load-side frequency regulation control module 8 and an adjustment unit are provided on the load side, wherein the load-side frequency regulation control module 8 is used to respond to load change instructions, control The operation of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 adjusts the power consumption load on the load side, so that the frequency of the power grid remains at a certain level. Wherein, on the load side, the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 is connected to the load side power grid connection 6, and the load side power grid connection 6 is connected to the power grid, and the power grid provides the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 with electric power for the realization of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.
在进行调节时，当电网调度平台1发布负荷侧增加耗电负荷指令时，负荷侧调频控制模块8控制电解制氢装置2的供电增加，通过电解制氢装置2的用电负荷，也就是耗电量的增加从而实现负荷侧增加耗电负荷；当电网调度平台1发布负荷侧减小耗电负荷指令时，负荷侧调频控制模块8控制电解制氢装置供电减小，通过电解制氢装置2的用电负荷，也就是耗电量的减小从而实现负荷侧减小耗电负荷；其中，电解制氢装置2产生的氢气既可以用于负荷的加氢站用气，也可以打入现有天然气管网，还可以作为燃料用于供热。When adjusting, when the grid dispatching platform 1 issues an instruction to increase the power consumption load on the load side, the frequency modulation control module 8 on the load side controls the power supply increase of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, and the power consumption load of the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2, that is, The increase of electricity can realize the increase of power consumption load on the load side; when the grid dispatching platform 1 issues an instruction to reduce the power consumption load on the load side, the frequency modulation control module 8 on the load side controls the power supply reduction of the electrolytic hydrogen production device, and the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 The electricity load, that is, the reduction of electricity consumption, so as to realize the reduction of electricity consumption load on the load side; among them, the hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 can be used for the gas of the hydrogen refueling station of the load, or can be pumped into the on-site There is a natural gas pipeline network, which can also be used as fuel for heating.
实施例4：Example 4:
如图1所示，本设施例与实施例3基本构成类似，其区别在于在负荷侧还设置燃料电池发电装置4，通过负荷侧的燃料电池发电装置4和电解制氢装置2实现响应负荷变化，提高负荷侧发电量，从而实现负荷侧的发电量和用电量的控制，最终实现调频的目的。As shown in Figure 1, the basic structure of this facility example is similar to that of Example 3, the difference is that a fuel cell power generation device 4 is also installed on the load side, and the response to load changes is realized through the fuel cell power generation device 4 and the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 on the load side , to increase the power generation on the load side, so as to realize the control of the power generation and power consumption on the load side, and finally achieve the purpose of frequency regulation.
实施例5：Example 5:
如图1所示，本设施例与实施例1基本构成类似，其区别在于在发电侧和负荷侧设置分别设置调频控制模块以及调节单元，也就是通过上述实施例中提及的方法在发电侧和负荷侧同时进行发电量或用电量的调节。As shown in Figure 1, the basic structure of this facility example is similar to that of Example 1, the difference is that the frequency modulation control module and the regulating unit are respectively installed on the power generation side and the load side, that is, the method mentioned in the above embodiment is used on the power generation side The power generation or power consumption can be adjusted simultaneously with the load side.
实施例6：Embodiment 6:
如图1所示，本设施例与实施例5基本构成类似，其区别在于在发电侧和负荷侧设置还分别设置燃料电池发电装置4，也就是通过上述实施例中提及的方法在发电侧和负荷侧，同时结合燃料电池发电装置4进行发电量的调节。As shown in Figure 1, the basic configuration of this facility example is similar to that of Example 5, the difference being that a fuel cell power generation device 4 is installed on the power generation side and the load side respectively, that is, the power generation side and load side, combined with the fuel cell power generation device 4 to adjust the power generation.
当然，以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。Certainly, what is described above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can also be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications It is also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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