CN108007861A - Cement treated material rapidly determining compaction degree instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

A rapid tester for the compactness of water-stabilized bases. Two longitudinal rods are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the base plate. The top of the longitudinal rods is provided with a top plate. The limit hole is set on the guide plate, the limit mechanism is set on the guide plate through the limit hole, the drop hammer is set in the guide cylinder and the upper part of the drop hammer is in contact with the limit mechanism, and the lower part of the longitudinal rod is provided with a mounting movement The wheel frame of the wheel; the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, fast operation, non-destructive, etc., and can be popularized and applied to the field of measuring the degree of compaction of the road surface water stability base.

Description

Rapid tester for compaction of water-stabilized base

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of road, railway or bridge construction devices or equipment, and in particular relates to a rapid measuring instrument and a measuring method for the compactness of a water-stabilized base of a highway pavement.

Background technique

The compactness of pavement base is the key to ensure the performance of pavement, and it is also an important index of road construction quality. At present, the compaction detection methods used for water-stabilized bases can be divided into destructive testing and non-destructive testing.

Destructive testing includes sand filling method and water filling method, etc. This kind of testing method needs to dig a hole on the roadbed to be tested to the bottom of the rolling layer, weigh the quality of the excavated sample, measure the moisture content and volume of the sample, and calculate the wet density , the dry density is converted from the calculated wet density, and finally the actual compaction degree of the subgrade and pavement filling materials is calculated. Although the principle is simple, the operation process is cumbersome and the detection speed is slow. Wind, rain and construction machinery will interfere with the test and affect the test results.

Non-destructive testing includes nuclear density test method, Rayleigh wave method, airborne compaction test, etc. The above methods can quickly determine the compaction degree of filling materials. The nuclear density meter is radioactive, expensive, and the water-stabilized base material is uneven and discrete, so the nuclear density meter is not suitable. The Rayleigh wave method calculates the degree of compaction based on the relationship between the density of the medium and the velocity of the Rayleigh wave in the medium. This method is accurate and fast, but the shocking equipment and the whole machine are cumbersome, which is not conducive to improving efficiency. The airborne compaction test is based on the change of a certain parameter of the vibratory roller to determine the change of the soil compaction. This method is a qualitative measurement, and because the depth of the impact of the roller is large, the measured results cannot fully represent the compaction of the paved layer. degree status.

Due to the limitations of the non-destructive testing method, the current construction party mainly uses the sand filling method to test the degree of compaction, and the water-stabilized base will continue to harden after adding water and mixing, so there is a time requirement for the test of the degree of compaction, in order to timely Grasp the information of the compactness of the water-stabilized base and carry out targeted processing, and the excavation of the pit is also likely to cause early road damage. Therefore, there is a lack of a suitable method for rapid and non-destructive detection of the compactness of the water-stabilized base.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a rapid measuring instrument for the degree of compaction of water-stabilized bases, which is reasonable in design, simple in structure, fast and non-destructive.

The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is: two longitudinal rods are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, the top of the longitudinal rods is provided with a top plate, a guide cylinder is provided between the top plate and the bottom plate, and a guide plate is provided on the front side of the guide cylinder. The limit hole is set on the guide plate, and the limit mechanism is set on the guide plate through the limit hole. The drop hammer is set in the guide cylinder and the upper part of the drop hammer is in contact with the limit mechanism. wheel rack.

The guide plate of the present invention is a U-shaped plate, and the bottom and side walls of the U-shaped plate are all processed with limited holes.

The limiting mechanism of the present invention is as follows: the U-shaped fixed frame is provided with mounting holes adapted to the limiting holes on the guide plate, the inner side wall of the U-shaped fixed frame is symmetrically provided with rectangular grooves, and baffle plates are installed in the rectangular grooves , the outer bottom of the U-shaped fixed frame is provided with a spring mounting plate, both ends of the spring mounting plate are provided with springs, one end of the spring is connected to the baffle plate through a rope, and the other end is fixed on the handle fixing plate, and the handle fixing plate is set There are handles.

The drop hammer of the present invention is as follows: a pull rod is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the hammer body, fixed rods are arranged on both sides of the pull rod on the upper surface of the hammer body, the counterweight is arranged on the hammer body through the fixed rod, and a limit block is arranged on the upper end of the pull rod. The top of the block is provided with an installation groove, the acceleration sensor is arranged in the installation groove and fixed by a fixed plate installed on the top of the limit block, the limit block is provided with a detachable limit rod, and the lower part of the hammer body is provided with an elastic hammer head.

The geometric shape of the elastic hammer head of the present invention is hemispherical, and the diameter of the hemispherical shape is 80-90mm.

Both sides of the guide cylinder of the present invention are symmetrically processed with slide grooves, and the limit rod can slide in the slide grooves.

The top plate of the present invention is composed of a top upper plate and a top lower plate. The central positions of the top lower plate and the top upper plate are processed with a top plate through hole. The aperture of the top plate through hole is compatible with the outer diameter of the guide cylinder.

The bottom plate of the present invention is composed of the upper plate of the bottom plate and the lower plate of the bottom plate. The center of the upper plate on the top plate is processed with a center hole of the upper plate. The aperture of the center hole of the upper plate is adapted to the outer diameter of the guide cylinder. The gasket is installed in the gasket groove; one end of the gasket groove is a semicircular groove, and the other end is a rectangular groove. The diameter of the semicircular groove is compatible with the diameter of the gasket, and the width of the rectangular groove is Compatible with the radius of the spacer.

The gasket of the present invention is a circular rubber gasket or a circular rubber nylon composite gasket.

A handle is arranged on the longitudinal rod of the present invention, and a push-pull rod is arranged on the top plate.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The detection device is more convenient, and the data processing system is concentrated in one box, which makes the operating system more space-saving and more convenient to operate.

2. The limit mechanism of the present invention makes it unnecessary for the operator to manually maintain the drop hammer at a certain height, which reduces the burden on the operator.

3. The present invention uses counterweights to achieve the required drop weight, and the counterweights have a semicircular structure, which is more convenient to install and disassemble. The weight of the drop hammer only needs to increase or decrease the counterweights, and the control is more flexible.

4. The inner diameter of the guide cylinder and the outer diameter of the drop hammer are reduced, the curvature of the bottom of the drop hammer is reduced, the falling state of the drop hammer is more stable, and the stability of the test results is guaranteed.

5. The limit hole is set on the guide plate, and the limit mechanism is fixed at the required height with the threaded fastening connector. This setting method of the limit mechanism can effectively control the drop distance of the falling hammer.

6. The present invention uses a time-domain processing method for data processing, extracts as much useful information reflecting the acceleration characteristics of the shock response and the law of shock energy propagation as possible, and finds out its regularity.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of Fig. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a structural representation of the drop hammer of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a use state diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the limiting mechanism in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the top plate 6 in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the upper plate 10-1 on the bottom plate.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the bottom plate 10-2.

Figure 10 is the test results of the skeleton-dense cement-stabilized macadam with different compaction degrees when different gaskets are used.

Figure 11 is the test results of suspended dense cement-stabilized gravel with different compaction degrees when different gaskets are used.

Fig. 12 is a flow chart of the analysis of the impulse response signal of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a relationship diagram of the shock vibration acceleration response signal changing with time in the present invention.

In the figure: 1, mobile wheel; 2, longitudinal rod; 3, handle; 4, guide plate; 5, push-pull rod; 6, top plate; 7, limit mechanism; 8, guide cylinder; 9, wheel frame; 10, bottom plate ;11, gasket; 12, limit rod; 13, fixed plate; 14, limit block; 15, counterweight block; 16, fixed rod; 17, hammer body; 18, elastic hammer head; -1, upper plate on the top plate; 6-2, lower plate on the top plate; 7-1, U-shaped fixing frame; 7-2, rope; 7-3, baffle plate; 7-4, spring mounting plate; 7-5, spring ;7-6, handle fixing plate; 7-7, handle; 10-1, upper plate of the bottom plate; 10-2, lower plate of the bottom plate; a, limit hole; b, installation groove; c, installation hole; d, top plate Through hole; e, the center hole of the upper plate; f, the gasket groove.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Example 1

In Figures 1 to 9, the rapid tester for the compaction degree of the water-stabilized base of the present invention has two longitudinal rods 2 fixed symmetrically on the upper surface of the bottom plate 10, and a top plate 6 is welded and fixed on the top of the longitudinal rods 2. In this embodiment, The top plate 6 is composed of the top plate upper plate 6-1 and the top plate lower plate 6-2. The center position of the top plate lower plate 6-2 and the top plate upper plate 6-1 is processed with a top plate through hole d, and the aperture of the top plate through hole d is Compatible with the outer diameter of the guide cylinder 8, the bottom plate 10 is composed of the upper plate 10-1 on the bottom plate and the lower plate 10-2 on the bottom plate. The aperture of e is adapted to the outer diameter of the guide cylinder 8, and a gasket groove f is processed on the lower layer of the base plate 10-2. One end of the gasket groove f of this embodiment is a semicircular groove, and the other end is a rectangular groove. The diameter of the circular groove adapts to the diameter of the gasket 11, the width of the rectangular groove adapts to the radius of the gasket 11, the gasket 11 is installed in the gasket groove f, further, the gasket 11 is a circular gasket, Gasket 11 of the present invention can adopt circular rubber gasket and also can adopt circular rubber nylon composite gasket. A guide cylinder 8 is welded and fixed between the top plate 6 and the bottom plate 10, and both sides of the guide cylinder 8 are symmetrically processed with chute, and the limit rod 12 can slide in the chute. The front side of the guide cylinder 8 is welded and fixed with a guide plate 4. Further, the guide plate 4 of this embodiment is a U-shaped plate, and the bottom and side walls of the U-shaped plate are all processed with a limit hole a, and the limit mechanism 7 passes through the limit The hole a is fixedly connected and installed on the guide plate 4 with a threaded fastening connector, the drop hammer is installed in the guide cylinder 8 and the limit rod 12 is in contact with the limit mechanism 7. The wheel frame 9 is welded with a handle 3 on the longitudinal bar 2, and the push-pull rod 5 is welded on the top plate 6. The handle 3 and the push-pull rod 5 provide convenience for the operator to move and use the device.

The limit mechanism of this implementation is connected by U-shaped fixed frame 7-1, rope 7-2, baffle plate 7-3, spring mounting plate 7-4, spring 7-5, handle fixed plate 7-6, and handle 7-7 Composition, the U-shaped fixed frame 7-1 is processed with a mounting hole c compatible with the limit hole a on the guide plate 4, and the U-shaped fixed frame 7-1 is fixedly connected and installed on the guide plate 4 with a threaded fastening connector , the inner side wall of the U-shaped fixed frame 7-1 is symmetrically processed with a rectangular groove, and a baffle plate 7-3 is installed in the rectangular groove, and the baffle plate 7-3 can slide back and forth in the rectangular groove, and the U-shaped fixed frame 7-1 Outer bottom is equipped with spring mounting plate 7-4, and the two ends of spring mounting plate 7-4 are all equipped with spring 7-5, and one end of spring 7-5 is connected with baffle plate 7-3 by rope 7-2, and the other end It is fixed on the handle fixing plate 7-6, and the handle 7-7 is installed on the handle fixing plate 7-6. During use, the limit rod 12 of the drop hammer is placed on the baffle plate 7-3, and the operator pulls the handle 7-7 to make it The baffle plate 7-3 moves inwardly under the pulling force of the spring 7-5, the limit rod 12 is separated from the baffle plate 7-3, and the drop hammer falls under the action of gravity.

The drop hammer of this embodiment is composed of a limit rod 12, a fixed plate 13, a limit block 14, a counterweight 15, a fixed rod 16, a hammer body 17, an elastic hammer head 18, and a pull rod 19. The middle part of the upper surface of the hammer body 17 is A tie rod 19 is welded and fixed, and fixed rods 16 are welded on both sides of the upper surface of the hammer body 17. The counterweight 15 can pass through the fixed rod 16 and be placed on the hammer body 17 as required. The counterweight 15 is designed as a semicircular structure. Convenient installation and disassembly, the upper end of the pull rod 19 is fixed with a limit block 14, and the top of the limit block 14 is processed with an installation groove b, and the acceleration sensor is installed in the installation groove b and fixed by the fixed plate 13 installed on the top of the limit block 14, the acceleration sensor The data processing system is connected to the data processing system through a data line. In order to save space, the data processing system of the present invention is centrally arranged in a box. A detachable limit rod 12 is installed on the limit block 14, and an elastic hammer head 18 is installed on the lower part of the hammer body 17. , The geometric shape of the elastic hammer head 18 of the present invention is hemispherical, and the diameter of the hemispherical shape is 80mm or 90mm.

The method steps for measuring the pavement compaction degree by using the above-mentioned rapid tester for the degree of compaction of the water-stabilized base course are as follows:

1) Move the cart to the road to be tested.

2) Put the drop hammer in the circular through hole of the top plate 6, fix the limit mechanism 7 at the required height with the threaded fastening connector, place the acceleration sensor, and connect the circuit.

3) Hold the handle 7-7 tightly, the baffle 7-3 retracts, the drop weight falls along the guide cylinder 8 to the gasket 11 on the ground and bounces upward, and the data processing box obtains the maximum acceleration x.

4) Lift the limit lever 12 of the drop hammer, hold the handle 7-7 at the same time, the baffle 7-3 retracts, lift the drop hammer to the top of the limit mechanism 7, loosen the handle 7-7, the baffle 7- 3 Reset and fix the drop hammer.

5) Repeat step 3) and step 4) 3 times to get 3 acceleration values x, and calculate the average acceleration value x

6) Measure the degree of compaction K _i of the road surface by using the sand filling method (long time-consuming and lossy) on the road surface to be tested.

7) Move the rapid tester for the compactness of the water-stabilized base to the next road surface to be tested.

8) Repeat steps 2-7 to detect the compactness K _i of the next road surface to be tested, so as to obtain a series of Establish compactness K _i and mean acceleration The interpolation relation formula of :

Among them, n is the number of interpolation function, and n+1 is the number of calibration for water-stabilized base.

9) After the calibration of the degree of compaction K and the mean value of acceleration x in steps 1 to 8, the degree of compaction K of the road surface to be tested can be calculated from the mean value of acceleration x obtained by the data processing box through steps 1 to 5 (no need Then use the sand filling method).

The following are the experimental results of experiments using the device of the present invention.

Four kinds of rubber gaskets with diameters of 12cm and thicknesses of 5mm, 10mm, and 15mm and 5mm rubber gaskets + 5mm nylon composite gaskets are used. The composite gaskets are bonded with glue and named DP-1 and DP-2 respectively. , DP-3, DP-4, each type of gasket corresponds to a group of test pieces, each group of test pieces contains 6 test pieces, and the compaction degrees of the test pieces are 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97% and 98%, the gasket is placed in the gasket groove so that it is between the guide cylinder and the test piece.

Table 1 Test results of skeleton-dense cement-stabilized macadam with different compaction degrees when different gaskets are used

It can be seen from Figure 10 and Table 1 that the type of gasket has a great influence on the test results. Compared with other gaskets, when DP-1 is used, the average value of the acceleration mean and the standard deviation coefficient are the largest, and the correlation coefficient is the smallest. The large mean value of the standard deviation coefficient means that the single-layer rubber sheet cannot effectively reduce the influence of the surface unevenness and hammer compaction of cement-stabilized macadam on the test results. Therefore, after adopting DP-1, the correlation coefficient between the mean acceleration and the degree of compaction is small. Compared with DP-1, the thickness of DP-2 is increased, the mean value of acceleration and the mean value of standard deviation coefficient are decreased, and the correlation coefficient is increased. It shows that the increase of gasket thickness can improve the impact of cement-stabilized macadam surface unevenness and hammer compaction on test results to a certain extent. However, after adopting DP-3 which continues to increase on the basis of DP-2, although the mean value of acceleration and the mean value of standard deviation coefficient continue to decrease, the correlation coefficient decreases. It is considered that the sensitivity of the detection is reduced due to the increase of the gasket thickness. Nylon board is harder than rubber, and DP-4 is made of nylon board and rubber. The impact energy can be transmitted from the upper nylon plate to the lower part more evenly, and the lower rubber sheet can be in close contact with the surface of cement stabilized gravel. Therefore, DP-4 can change the impact of the falling hammer on the cement-stabilized macadam from "point impact" to "surface impact", thereby making the average value of the standard deviation coefficient the smallest, and a lower average value of the standard deviation coefficient means that the use of DP-4 It can effectively reduce the influence of surface unevenness and hammer compaction of cement-stabilized macadam on test results. In addition, the larger mean value of acceleration shows that after using DP-4, the detection sensitivity remains at a relatively high level. Therefore, with DP-4, the correlation between the average acceleration and the degree of compaction of cement-stabilized macadam is better.

Table 2 Test results of suspended dense cement-stabilized macadam with different compaction degrees when different gaskets are used

It can be seen from Figure 11 and Table 2 that the type of gasket also has a great influence on the test results of suspended dense cement-stabilized macadam. When DP-1 is used, the average acceleration does not increase with the increase of the compaction degree of the specimen, and the correlation between the two is very weak. The large mean value of the standard deviation coefficient indicates that the single-layer rubber sheet cannot effectively reduce the influence of surface unevenness and hammer compaction on the test results of suspended dense cement-stabilized macadam. Generally speaking, the uniformity of the suspension compact type is better than that of the skeleton compact type. It is considered that for suspended dense cement-stabilized macadam, hammer compaction plays a greater role in the mean value of the coefficient of standard deviation. After adopting DP-2, which increases the thickness of the rubber gasket on the basis of DP-1, the cushioning effect of the gasket increases, which leads to a significant decrease in the average value of the standard deviation coefficient, and a significant increase in the correlation coefficient between the average acceleration value and the degree of compaction , reached 0.847. After continuing to increase the thickness of the rubber gasket, although the mean value of the standard deviation coefficient decreases, the mean value of the acceleration also decreases significantly at the same time, indicating that increasing the thickness of the gasket will reduce the detection sensitivity, and then the correlation coefficient will decrease. As in the case of the test on the cement-stabilized macadam with dense skeleton, the nylon plate at the upper end of the DP-4 changes the impact energy of the falling hammer from "point impact" to "surface impact", while the rubber sheet at the lower end of the DP-4 In close contact with the surface of cement-stabilized gravel, the combination of nylon plate and rubber sheet makes the impact energy more evenly transmitted to the water-stabilized specimen below, thereby effectively reducing the surface unevenness and impact of suspended dense cement-stabilized gravel. The effect of encryption on the test results. And a larger mean value of acceleration indicates a higher detection sensitivity.

Based on the test results, the present invention adopts the DP-4 gasket, so that the detection instrument can roughly distinguish the compaction degree of the cement-stabilized gravel test piece.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

The shock response signal measured by the test of the present invention is a kind of original data, which contains a large amount of information, including useful signals and noise signals, and is not a real shock vibration signal, and there is a certain difference with the real shock vibration signal. In order to obtain the true performance of the shock response signal from these original signals, the analysis flow chart in Figure 12 is used for analysis, from which useful information reflecting the acceleration characteristics of the shock response and the law of shock energy propagation is extracted, and its regularity is found, as shown in Figure 12 As shown, the shock acceleration response signal is expressed in the form of voltage first, converted into a digital signal through analog-to-digital conversion, and then the digital signal is transferred to the computer for preprocessing to remove unnecessary interference components, and then the waveform analysis or spectrum Analyze and get the corresponding results.

The present invention adopts the time-domain processing method for data processing, and the time-domain processing of the shock vibration signal is also called the shock signal waveform analysis, which is mainly the waveform analysis and processing of the shock vibration acceleration signal in the time domain, with the time axis t as the abscissa , the acceleration of gravity A is the ordinate, which represents the relationship of the impact vibration acceleration response signal (in the unit of acceleration of gravity g) with time, as shown in Figure 13, △t=c–a represents the mixture of falling hammer and water-stabilized gravel For the collision time, when the compactness is high, △t is shorter and the peak value b is larger; the smaller the compactness is, the smaller the peak value of the impact signal is, and the longer △t is. It can be seen from the collision law that the signals before a and after c are interference signals, and the abc section of the effective shock waveform can be intercepted by the software of the acquisition instrument for signal analysis. The time-domain analysis method of the present invention extracts the acceleration peak value from the acceleration signal, and calculates the representative value of the peak value according to the principle of mathematical statistics in consideration of the discreteness of the data. The representative value of the shock vibration response has a certain confidence interval, which can better reflect the most likely vibration amplitude in a set of data than the average value. The specific calculation method is as follows:

Among them, A represents the acceleration representative value of a group of detection data, A represents the arithmetic mean value, n is the number of data; t _a is the coefficient that changes with the degree of freedom and guarantee rate in the distribution table, and the confidence interval for high-grade highways is 99% , the value of other grade roads is 95%. In this experiment, every 5 data is used as a group, so the guarantee rate coefficient at this time can be obtained by looking up the table; S is the standard deviation, indicating the degree of dispersion of the acceleration signal. Let A _i represents the signal amplitude, and the formula for calculating the standard deviation of the representative value is:

Claims (10)

1. A rapid tester for the degree of compaction of a water-stabilized base, characterized in that: two longitudinal rods are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the base plate, the top of the longitudinal rods is provided with a top plate, and a guide cylinder is arranged between the top plate and the base plate to guide There is a guide plate on the front side of the cylinder, and a limit hole is set on the guide plate. The limit mechanism is set on the guide plate through the limit hole. The drop hammer is set in the guide cylinder and the upper part of the drop hammer is in contact with the limit mechanism. The lower part of the car is provided with a wheel frame for installing mobile wheels. 2. The rapid measuring instrument for the degree of compaction of water-stabilized bases according to claim 1, wherein the guide plate is a U-shaped plate, and the bottom and side walls of the U-shaped plate are all processed with limited holes. 3. The rapid measuring instrument for the degree of compaction of water-stabilized bases according to claim 2, characterized in that the limiting mechanism is: the U-shaped fixed frame is provided with a mounting hole adapted to the limiting hole on the guide plate The inner wall of the U-shaped fixed frame is symmetrically provided with a rectangular groove, and a baffle is installed in the rectangular groove. The outer bottom of the U-shaped fixed frame is provided with a spring mounting plate. Both ends of the spring mounting plate are equipped with springs. The rope is connected with the baffle plate, and the other end is fixed on the handle fixing plate, and a handle is arranged on the handle fixing plate. 4. The rapid measuring instrument for the compactness of water-stabilized bases according to claim 1, wherein the falling hammer is: a tie rod is arranged in the middle part of the upper surface of the hammer body, and fixed rods are arranged on both sides of the pull rod on the upper surface of the hammer body, The counterweight is set on the hammer body through the fixed rod, the upper end of the pull rod is provided with a limit block, and the top of the limit block is provided with a mounting groove, and the acceleration sensor is arranged in the mounting groove and fixed by a fixed plate installed on the top of the limit block. A detachable limit rod is arranged on the bit block, and an elastic hammer head is arranged on the lower part of the hammer body. 5. The instrument for quickly measuring the compactness of water-stabilized bases according to claim 4, characterized in that the geometric shape of the elastic hammer head is hemispherical, and the diameter of the hemispherical shape is 80-90 mm. 6. The rapid measuring instrument for the compactness of water-stabilized bases according to claim 4, characterized in that the two sides of the guide cylinder are symmetrically processed with chute, and the limit rod can slide in the chute. 7. The rapid measuring instrument for the compactness of water-stabilized bases according to claim 1, characterized in that the top plate is formed by connecting the upper deck and the lower deck of the top plate, and the central position of the lower deck of the top plate and the upper deck is processed There is a top plate through hole, and the aperture of the top plate through hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the guide cylinder. 8. The water-stabilized base station compactness rapid tester according to claim 1, characterized in that the base plate is composed of a base plate and a base plate lower plate, and the center of the top plate is processed with an upper plate center hole, The diameter of the central hole of the upper plate is adapted to the outer diameter of the guide cylinder, and the lower plate of the bottom plate is processed with a gasket groove, and the gasket is installed in the gasket groove; one end of the gasket groove is a semicircular groove, and the other end is a semicircular groove. It is a rectangular groove, the diameter of the semicircular groove is adapted to the diameter of the gasket, and the width of the rectangular groove is adapted to the radius of the gasket. 9. The rapid tester for compactness of water-stabilized bases according to claim 8, characterized in that said gasket is a circular rubber gasket or a circular rubber-nylon composite gasket. 10. The rapid measuring instrument for the compactness of water-stabilized bases according to claim 1, characterized in that a handle is provided on the longitudinal rod, and a push-pull rod is provided on the top plate.